Cyrillic numerals

Cyrillic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Cyrillic script, developed in the
First Bulgarian Empire in the late 10th century. It was used in the First Bulgarian Empire
and by South and East Slavic peoples.[1] The system was used in Russia as late as the early
18th century, when Peter the Great replaced it with Arabic numerals as part of his civil
script reform initiative.[2][3] Cyrillic numbers played a role in Peter the Great's currency
reform plans, too, with silver wire kopecks issued after 1696 and mechanically minted coins
issued between 1700 and 1722 inscribed with the date using Cyrillic numerals.[4] By 1725, Reverse of silver half ruble (left) and
Russian Imperial coins had transitioned to Arabic numerals.[5] The Cyrillic numerals may copper beard token featuring the
still be found in books written in theChurch Slavonic language.[6] year 1705 in Cyrillic numerals
(҂АѰЕ).

Contents
General description
Glagolitic numerals
Table of values
Computing codes
See also
References

General description
The system is a quasi-decimal alphabetic system, equivalent to the Ionian numeral system but written with the corresponding graphemes of
.[7]
the Cyrillic script. The order is based on the original Greek alphabet rather than the standard Cyrillic alphabetical order

A separate letter is assigned to each unit (1, 2, ... 9), each multiple of ten (10, 20, ... 90), and each multiple of one hundred (100, 200, ... 900).
To distinguish numbers from text, a titlo (   ҃ ) is sometimes drawn over the numbers, or they are set apart with dots.[8] The numbers are
written as pronounced in Slavonic,[9] generally from the high value position to the low value position, with the exception of 11 through 19,
which are written and pronounced with the ones unit before the tens; for example, ЗІ (17) is "семнадсять" (literally seven-on-ten, cf. the
English seven-teen).[2]

Examples:

(҂АѰЅ) – 1706

(҂ЗРИІ) – 7118

To evaluate a Cyrillic number, the values of all the figures are added up: for example, ѰЗ is 700 + 7, making 707. If the number is greater
than 999 (ЦЧѲ), the thousands sign (҂) is used to multiply the number's value: for example, ҂Ѕ is 6000, while ҂Л҂В is parsed as 30,000 +
2000, making 32,000. To produce larger numbers, a modifying sign is used to encircle the number being multiplied.[10] Two scales existed in
such cases (similar to the long and short scales), one (Малый счёт; Lesser count) giving a new name and sign every order of magnitude, the
[11][12]
other (Великий счёт; Greater Count), each squaring except for the end (extending to 10 in the 49th power)
 . For example, А҉ denotes 1 million.
Modifying signs used to denote values 1000 and greater

Glagolitic numerals
Glagolitic numerals are similar to Cyrillic numerals except that numeric values are
assigned according to the native alphabetic order of the Glagolitic alphabet.[13][9] Glyphs
for the ones, tens, and hundreds values are combined to form more precise numbers, for
example, is 500 + 80 + 3 or 583. As with Cyrillic numerals, the numbers 11 through 19
are typically written with the ones digit before the glyph for 10; for example is 6 + 10,
making 16.[14] Whereas Cyrillic numerals use modifying signs for numbers greater than
999, some documents attest to the use of Glagolitic letters for 1000 through 6000,[15]
[16]
although the validity of 3000 and greater is questioned.

Tower clock with Cyrillic numerals, in

Table of values Suzdal

Value Greek Cyrillic Glagolitic Value Greek Cyrillic Glagolitic Value Greek Cyrillic Glagolitic
1 Αʹ А 10 Ιʹ І or 100 Ρʹ Р
2 Βʹ В 20 Κʹ К 200 Σʹ С
3 Γʹ Г 30 Λʹ Л 300 Τʹ Т
4 Δʹ Д 40 Μʹ М 400 Υʹ У or Ѵ
5 Εʹ Е 50 Νʹ Н 500 Φʹ Ф
Ϛʹ or 60 Ξʹ Ѯ 600 Χʹ Х
6 Ѕ
Ϝʹ
70 Οʹ О 700 Ψʹ Ѱ
7 Ζʹ З
80 Πʹ П 800 Ωʹ Ѡ
8 Ηʹ И
90 Ϟʹ Ч or Ҁ 900 Ϡʹ Ц or Ѧ
9 Θʹ Ѳ

Cyrillic Modifying Signs Glagolitic

Thousands
Lesser count Greater count
Name (English)[11] Sign Example
multiplier multiplier Value Glagolitic
Тысяча знак (Thousand 1,000
1,000 1,000 ҂
mark)
2,000
Тьма (Myriad) 10,000 1,000,000  
3,000 or
Легион (Legion) 100,000 1012  ҈ 4,000

Леодр (Legion of Legions) 1,000,000 1024  ҉ 5,000

6,000
Вран (Ворон)
10,000,000 1048  
(Raven/Crow)

Колода (Trough/Log) 100,000,000 1096  

Тьма тем (Many Myriad) 1,000,000,000 possibly 10192  

Computing codes
character  ҃ ҂    ҈
COMBINING
COMBINING
COMBINING CYRILLIC CYRILLIC ENCLOSING CIRCLE
Unicode name CYRILLIC HUNDRED
TITLO THOUSANDS SIGN (Cyrillic combining
THOUSANDS SIGN
ten thousands sign)

character encoding decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 1155 0483 1154 0482 8413 20DD 1160 0488
226 131 E2 83
UTF-8 210 131 D2 83 210 130 D2 82 210 136 D2 88
157 9D
Numeric character
҃ ҃ ҂ ҂ ⃝ &#20DD; ҈ ҈
reference

character  ҉  
COMBINING COMBINING COMBINING COMBINING
Unicode name CYRILLIC MILLIONS CYRILLIC TEN CYRILLIC HUNDRED CYRILLIC THOUSAND
SIGN MILLIONS SIGN MILLIONS SIGN MILLIONS SIGN

character encoding decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 1161 0489 42608 A670 42609 A671 42610 A672
234 153 234 153 234 153
UTF-8 210 137 D2 89 EA 99 B0 EA 99 B1 EA 99 B2
176 177 178
Numeric character
҉ ҉ ꙰ ꙰ ꙱ ꙱ ꙲ ꙲
reference

See also
Early Cyrillic alphabet
Glagolitic alphabet
Relationship of Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts
Greek numerals
Combining Cyrillic Millions

References
1. Dejić, Mirko (2013). "How the old Slavs (Serbs) wrote numbers".BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the
History of Mathematics. 29 (1): 2–17. doi:10.1080/17498430.2013.805559(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17498430.2013.805
559). ISSN 1749-8430 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8430).
2. Chrisomalis, Stephen (2010).Numerical Notation: A Comparative History(https://books.google.com/books?id=kXZhBAAA
QBAJ&pg=PA182). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–182.ISBN 978-1-139-48533-3. Retrieved
2016-12-28.
3. Yefimov, Vladimir (2002), "Civil Type and Kis Cyrillic" (http://typejournal.ru/en/articles/Civil-Type), in Berry, John D.,
Language Culture Type: International Type Design in the Age of Unicode(https://books.google.com/books?id=K5j33ihraUY
C&pg=PA128), New York City: Graphis Press, pp. 369–147, ISBN 978-1932026016, retrieved 2017-01-02
4. Teplyakov, Sergei (2011). "How To Identify & Interpret Cyrillic Dates onRussian Coins of Peter I The Great"(http://www.met
aldetectingworld.com/russian_coins_peter_i.shtml) . Metal Detecting World. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
5. Lorković, Tatjana (2003). "Coins and Medals of Imperial Russia"(http://www.library.yale.edu/slavic/coins/peter1.html). Yale
University Library. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
6. Looijen, Maarten (2015).Over Getallen Gesproken/Talking About Numbers (https://books.google.com/books?id=k11dCwA
AQBAJ&pg=PT62) (in Dutch & English) (2nd ed.). Zaltbommel, Netherlands: aVn Haren Publishing. pp. 59–60.ISBN 978-
94-018-0601-5.
7. Ager, Simon. "Omniglot: Cyrillic Script"(http://www.omniglot.com/writing/cyrillic.htm). Retrieved 2016-12-29.
8. Gesang, Philipp (2013),Typesetting Cyrillic Numerals with ConTEXt MkIV(http://mirror.hmc.edu/ctan/macros/context/contri
b/context-cyrillicnumbers/doc/context/third/cyrillicnumbers/cyrillicnumbers.pdf)
(PDF), p. 3, retrieved 2016-12-29
 9. Lunt, Horace Gray (2001). Old Church Slavonic Grammar(https://books.google.com/books?id=7BXJgfIo_fYC&pg=P
A16)
(7th ed.). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-3-11-016284-4.
10. Gamanovich, Alypy (2001). Shaw, John, ed. Grammar of the Church Slavonic Language(https://books.google.com/books?i
d=5xxKAAAAYAAJ). Jordanville, New York: Holy Trinity Monastery. ISBN 978-0884650645. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
11. Козловский, Станислав (2007-02-25)."У больших чисел громкие имена" (http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/telegraph/theory/25
1/) [Big Names of Large Numbers].Вокруг Света (in Russian). Moscow. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
12. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: V
olume 27, page 513 (https://books.google.co.il/books?id=jU3fwyjqS5UC
&pg=PA513)
13. Schenker, Alexander M. (1995), The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology(https://books.google.com/books?id
=0lzGQgAACAAJ), New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-05846-2
14. Kent, Allen; Lancour, Harold; Daily, Jay E.; Nasri, William Z., eds. (1979).Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science:
Volume 27 - Scientific and Technical Libraries to Slavic Paleography(https://books.google.com/books?id=jU3fwyjqS5UC&p
g=PA510). 27. New York City, NY: Marcel Decker Inc. pp. 510–520. ISBN 978-0-8247-2027-8. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
15. Veder, William R. (2004). The Glagolitic Alphabet as a Text (https://www.academia.edu/8615898/The_Glagolitic_Alphabet_
as_a_Text). Glagoljica i hrvatski glagolizam. Zbornik radova s međunarodnoga znanstvenog skupa povodom 100.
obljetnice Staroslavenske akademije i 50. obljetnice Staroslavenskog instituta. Zagreb, Croatia: Staroslavenski
Institut/Krčka Biskupija. pp. 375–387.
16. Mathiesen, Robert (2004).A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet(https://www.academia.edu/7784124/_
76_A_New_Reconstruction_of_the_Original_Glagolitic_Alphabet_2014_) (M.S.). Brown University.

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