Application Note

Tribology and Mechanical Testing Unit

Standard Test for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction of Materials

In Self-Lubricating Rubbing Contact with a Thrust Washer
Using the Micro-Tribometer mod. CETR-UMT 2
ASTM D3702-94 (Reapproved 1999)

Summary of Test Method:

This test method involves a rotating test specimen pressed against a stationary steel washer under a
prescribed set of conditions. The test specimen is disk shaped with a raised outer rim, which is the wear
surface. The inside diameter of the rim is 25.5 mm, the outer diameter is 28.55 mm. Each test has a break-in
period of 40 hours, followed by a selected test duration at the same load and speed (see table below). Wear rate
and coefficient of friction are calculated based on periodic thickness measurements of the test specimen and
in-situ torque measurements.

The UMT applies a programmable load downward by a servo driven carriage. The test can be performed
with either Configuration A: the upper test specimen is rotated against a stationary washer as described in the
standard, or Configuration B: the upper test specimen is stationary and the washer is rotated. The actual
dynamic normal load, friction torque and coefficient, and depth of wear are monitored during the test.
Optionally, additional parameters of contact acoustic emission and temperature are measured

Test Conditions
Rotational Speed, Rubbing Velocity, Load, kg ,to obtain PV, kg/cm² x m/min
rpm m/min PV1 26.8 PV2 53.6 PV3 107.1 PV4 214.3
36 3.05 11.3 22.7 45.4 90.7
180 15.2 2.3 4.5 9.1 18.1
900 76.2 0.5 0.9 1.8 3.6
Report:

Use the Viewer program to plot test results.

Select the parameters to be displayed by checking the appropriate boxes under Parameters on the Viewer

1717 Dell Avenue, Campbell, CA 95008, USA Email: productinfo@bruker-nano.com

Phone: +1.408.376.4040 Fax: +1.408.376.4050 Web: www.bruker-axs.com
Application Note
Tribology and Mechanical Testing Unit

UMT Software Test Setup for Configuration A:

UMT Options File:

Load the options file that contains settings for the Upper Rotational Motion Drive and the 5 kg torque/force sensor. Use
the Semi-Automatic Mode to pre-position the x-axis slider so that the test specimen is concentric with the washer.

Test Sequence: The Test Sequence should consist of 3 sheets.

Sheet 1 is for settling time for the carriage to establish the initial normal load.
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 10 sec.
Spindle 1 Velocity is 0 revs/min.
Spindle 2 Velocity is 0 revs/min.
Slider is idle.
Sheet 2 is a 40 hour break-in period
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 40 hours.
Spindle 1 Velocity is 0 revs/min.
Spindle 2 Velocity is 180 revs/min, Move-Continuous, and Direction- Clockwise
Slider is idle.
Sheet 3 is a 100 hour test period
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 100 hours.
Spindle 1 Velocity is 0 revs/min.
Spindle 2 Velocity is 180 revs/min, Move-Continuous, and Direction- Clockwise
Slider is idle.

Data Collection:
The following should be checked under DataFile:
Tz Torque
T Time
Z1 Carriage Position (Used to determine Wear Depth)
Te input Temperature (optional)
AE Acoustic Emission (optional)
EC Electrical Contact Resistance

UMT Hardware Configuration A:

! Upper Rotational Motion Drive mod. USMHH
! Model TH 6-axis Torque/Force Sensor
- Torque Range: 5 to 1000 N*mm
- Load Range: 0.05 to 5 kg
! Suspension with Linear Guide-AM30C110F-1
! Test Specimen Holder
! Test Specimen
! Washer
! Washer Holder
! Stationary Table
! Optional Additional Sensors
- mod. AE-5 Acoustic Emissions Sensor
- mod. TMR-150 Temperature Measurement
& Recording
- mod. RTD Temperature Sensor
1717 Dell Avenue, Campbell, CA 95008, USA Email: productinfo@bruker-nano.com
Page 2 Phone: +1.408.376.4040 Fax: +1.408.376.4050 Web: www.bruker-axs.com
 Application Note
Tribology and Mechanical Testing Unit

UMT Software Test Setup for Configuration B:

UMT Options File:

Load the options file that contains settings for the Medium Torque Rotational Motion Drive and the 5 kg
torque/force sensor. Use the Semi-Automatic Mode to pre-position the x-axis slider so that the test specimen is
concentric with the axis of the rotational drive.

Test Sequence: The Test Sequence should consist of 3 sheets.

Sheet 1 is for settling time for the carriage to establish the initial normal load.
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 10 sec.
Spindle Velocity is 0 revs/min.
Slider is idle.
Sheet 2 is a 40 hour break-in period
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 40 hours.
Spindle Velocity is 180 revs/min, Move-Continuous, and Direction- Clockwise
Slider is idle.
Sheet 3 is a 100 hour test period
Carriage - applies a 1.1 kg Constant Force for a Duration of 100 hours.
Spindle Velocity is 180 revs/min, Move-Continuous, and Direction- Clockwise
Slider is idle.

Data Collection:
The following should be checked under DataFile:
Tz Torque
T Time
Z1 Carriage Position (Used to determine Wear Depth)
Te input - Temperature (optional)
AE Acoustic Emission (optional)
EC Electrical Contact Resistance
UMT Hardware Configuration B:

! 4” Mounting Block PN M30C116

! Model TH 6-axis Torque/Force Sensor
- Torque Range: 5 to 1000 N*mm
- Load Range: 0.05 to 5 kg
! Suspension with Linear Guide
- AM30C110F-1
! Test Specimen Holder
! Test Specimen
! Washer
! Washer Holder
! Medium Torque Rotation Drive
- mod. SHHM
! Optional Additional Sensors
- mod. AE-5 Acoustic Emissions Sensor
- mod. TMR-150 Temperature Measurement &
Recording
1717 Dell Avenue, Campbell, CA 95008, USA Email: productinfo@bruker-nano.com
Page 3 Phone: +1.408.376.4040 Fax: +1.408.376.4050 Web: www.bruker-axs.com