CHAPTER – IV

DATA REDUCTION, PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

Data reduction is the process of minimizing the amount of data that needs to be stored in a data storage
environment. Data reduction can increase storage efficiency and reduce costs. Data reduction is the
transformation of numerical or alphabetical digital information derived empirically or experimentally into a
corrected, ordered, and simplified form. The basic concept is the reduction of multitudinous amounts of
data down to the meaningful parts.

When information is derived from instrument readings there may also be a transformation from analog to
digital form. When the data are already in digital form the 'reduction' of the data typically involves some
editing, scaling, coding, sorting, collating, and producing tabular summaries. When the observations are
discrete but the underlying phenomenon is continuous then smoothing and interpolation are often needed.
Often the data reduction is undertaken in the presence of reading or measurement errors. Some idea of the
nature of these errors is needed before the most likely value may be determined.

Common practices of data reduction:

 Order by some aspect of size.

 Table diagonalization, whereby rows and columns of tables are re-arranged to make patterns easier to
see
 Use averages to provide a visual focus as well as a summary.
 Use layout and labelling to guide the eye.
 Give a brief verbal summary.
Data presentation: Data can be presented in various forms depending on the type of data collected. A
frequency distribution is a table showing how often each value (or set of values) of the variable in question
occurs in a data set. A frequency table is used to summarize categorical or numerical data.

Methods of data presentation:

The main portion of Statistics is the display of summarized data. Data is initially collected from a given
source, whether they are experiments, surveys, or observation, and is presented in one of four methods:

a. Textual Method - The reader acquires information through reading the gathered data.
b. Tabular Method - Provides a more precise, systematic and orderly presentation of data in rows or
columns.
c. Semi-tabular Method - Uses both textual and tabular methods.
d. Graphical Method- The utilization of graphs is most effective method of visually presenting
statistical results or findings.
Data analysis: Data analysis, also known as analysis of data or data analytics, is a process of inspecting,
cleansing, transforming, and modelling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting
conclusions, and supporting decision-making.

During the data analysis of this report data was collected with the help of questionnaires designed
separately for the retailers, Distributors & Consumers. The data was collected, has been illustrated below
through charts and graphical representations.
By applying systematic random sampling 95 consumers have been contacted and asked regarding the
advertisements of Coca- Cola. 55 retailers and 10 distributors of Noida sector 15, sector 16 and near by
areas of sector 63 have been contacted for assessing the effectiveness of sales promotional activities of
coca-cola and to judge whether they are satisfied with the schemes of sales promotion or not.

PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS OF DATA GATHERED FROM DISTRIBUTORS

The following data shows the analysis of 10 distributors of Noida sector 15, sector 16 and other areas in
the vicinity of sector 63.

1. Rating of the sales promotional activities offered by Coca-Cola to the distributors.

Table 1: Rating of sales promotional activities
Reply No. of Distributors
Excellent 2
Good 5
So-so 2
Satisfactory 1

5
distributors

4 EXCELLENT
No. of

GOOD
3
SO-SO
2
SATISFACTORY
1

0
Distributors' Reply

Figure 1
Analysis: The above graphical representation shows that out of 10 distributors only 20% of the distributors
voted the promotional activities of Coca Cola as Excellent, 50% were happy and liked the promotional
activity whereby only 10% of the distributor were just okay with promotional activity.

2. Need for Sales promotional schemes for distributors of retailers.

Table 2 Need for Sales promotion
Reply No. of distributors
YES 7

NO 3

Distributor's Reply

8
7
6
distributor

5
No. of

4
Distributor's Reply
3
s

2
1
0
YES NO

Figure 2

Analysis: 70% of the distributors showed an interest in sales promotional schemes.

3. Personal selling assistance given to the distributors by the company.

Table 3: Data of personal-selling assistance
Reply No. of distributors
Excellent 3
Good 5
Average 1
Not satisfactory 1
 6

Excellent
4
distributors Good
No. of

3 So-So
Not satisfactory
2

0
Distributors reply

Figure 3

Analysis: 50% of the distributors liked the personal selling assistance while 20% appreciated the help and
10 % of the distributors wanted more help from the companies.

4. Usefulness assistance of POPs, refrigerators and other advertising materials provided by the
company. Are these helpful?
Table 4 Need for advertising materials

Reply No. of distributors

Yes 7

No 3

8
7
6
5
Distributors' response
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

Figure 4
Analysis: From the above diagram, it reveals that 7 Distributors think that more POPs. Advertising
materials and refrigerators needed and 3 Distributors think that more POPs. Advertising materials and
refrigerators not needed in Noida sector 63 area.

PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS OF DATA GATHERED FROM RETAILERS

5. Which Company's product do you stock? This question was framed to find out, the products being
stocked by retailers in Noida.
Table 5: Companies’ product being stocked
Product No. of retailers

Pepsi 13

Coca Cola 30

Both 12

35

30

25
responden
No. of

20
ts

Brands
15

10

0
Pepsi Coca Cola Both

Table 5: Different brands being stocked

Analysis: From the survey of the outlets, it is found that 48% of the respondents stocks Coke 6% stock
product and 45% stock both i.e. Cole's and Pepsi's product.

6. Since how long you are selling this product? This question was structured to find out the exact
period being sold by the retailers.
Table 6: Time for which they are selling coca cola
Time No. of retailers
Less than 1 year 14
1-2 year 10
 2-5 years 15
More than 5 years 16

20

15
no. of retailers

10

0
Less than 1 year 1-2 years 2-5 years more than 5
years

Figure 6

Analysis: Above design clearly shows that 30% of the respondents selling this product from more than 5
years, 27% of the respondents selling product from 2-5 years, 25% selling this product from 1-2 year and
18% of the respondent selling this product from less than 1 year.

7. What promoted you to stock this product? This question was asked basically to know. Why do you
stock this product?
Table 7: Driving element for stocking coca cola
Reason No. of carats

Customer 29

Commission 14

Advertisement 2

Sales promotion 10