1) Chlamydia

There are nearly 3 million reported cases of Chlamydia in the US each year (American Sexual
Health Association).Also known as chamydial infection, Chlamydia is an STI caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis (C. trachomatis), a bacterium that infects humans exclusively. Chlamydia is the most
common infectious cause of genital and eye diseases globally - it is also the leading bacterial
STI.According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 6.8% of girls aged 14 to 19
years have Chlamydia today.
Women with Chlamydia do not usually have signs or symptoms. If there are any, they are usually
non-specific and may include:
 Cystitis
 A change in vaginal discharge
 Mild lower abdominal pain
If the Chlamydia is left untreated, it may lead to the following signs and symptoms
 Pelvic pain
 Painful sexual intercourse, either intermittently or all the time
 Bleeding between menstrual periods
2) Chancroid

Also known as soft chancre and ulcus molle. A bacterial infection caused by fastidious Gram-
negative streptobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi, and is characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.
It is spread solely through sexual contact.Infection rates are very low in rich countries; it is more
common in developing nations, especially among commercial sex workers and some low
socioeconomic groups.The average prevalence in the US, UK, Australia, France and Canada is
approximately 1 case in every 2 million people. It is a risk factor for contracting HIV, due to their
shared-risk exposure; also, one infection facilitates the transmission of the otherWithin one day to
two weeks after becoming infected, the patient develops a bump that turns into an ulcer within a day.
The ulcer can be from 1/8 of an in to 2 inches across, it is very painful, may have well defined,
undermined borders, has a yellowish-gray material at its base. If the base is grazed it will typically
bleed. In about 30% to 60% of cases, the lymph nodes swell and become painful
(lymphadenopathy).Women often have at least four ulcers, while men usually have just one. Males
tend to have fewer and less severe symptoms. The ulcers typically appear at the groove at the back
of the glans penis (coronal sulcus) in uncircumcised males, or the labia minora or fourchette in
females.Chancroid is treated with a seven day course of Erythromycin, a single oral 1 gram dose of
Azithromycin, or a single IM dose of Ceftriaxone.
3) Crabs (Pubic Lice)

Pthiriasis (pubic lice manifestations) are primarily spread through sexual contact. Pets do not
play any part in the transmission of human lice. The lice attach to the pubic hair, and may
also be sometimes found in the armpits, moustache, beard, eyelashes, and eyebrows. They
feed on human blood.
The vernacular "crabs" comes from the appearance of the lice, with their crab-like claws and
body shape.
4) Genital herpes

This STI is caused by the herpes simples virus (HSV). The virus affects the skin, cervix, genitals, and
some other parts of the body. There are two types:
HSVp1, also known as Herpes Type 1
HSV-2, also known as Herpes Type 2.
Herpes is a long-term (chronic) condition. A significant number of infected individuals never show any
symptoms and do not know about their herpes status.HSV is easily transmissible from human-to-human
- by direct contact. Most commonly, transmission occurs through vaginal, oral or anal sex. In most
cases, the virus remains dormant after entering a human being.
The signs and symptoms associated with genital herpes, if they do appear, may include:
 Blisters and ulceration on the cervix
 Vaginal discharge
 Pain on urinating
 Fever
 Generally feeling unwell (malaise)
 Cold sores around the mouth
 Red blisters - these can be painful, especially after they burst and leave ulcers on the external
genital area, rectum, thighs and buttocks.
5.) Hepatitis B

This is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is spread through contact with infected blood, semen,
and some other body fluids. It can be a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
Hepatitis B can be transmitted when a person:
 has unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person
 shares a needle with an infected person, often for illegal drug or steroid use
 has a tattoo created with unsterilized needles
 is accidentally pricked, for example, health workers dealing with sharp objects
 shares personal items, such as a toothbrush or razor, with an infected person is bitten by someone
who is infected
An infected mother can pass the virus on to her infant when breast-feeding.
The liver of a person infected with hepatitis B swells. Severe damage can result.
HBV infection can become chronic. This can lead to complications, including scarring of the liver, or
cirrhosis. It can also cause a type of cancer known as hepatocellular carcinoma.
In 2015, 887,000 deaths worldwide were linked to HBV, mostly as a result of complications such as these.
In the U.S., there were 3,370 reported cases of HBV, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) estimate that the real figure may be around 21,900.
There is not currently a cure for HBV. However, the incidence rate has dropped in countries where the
vaccine is available, and this vaccine is 95 percent effective against the infection.
There is a safe and effective vaccine that can protect against HBV.
6) HIV/AIDS
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Put simply,
HIV is the virus while AIDS is the illness/disease. When a person has AIDS, their
immune system is altered, and they become much more vulnerable to infections and
diseases. As the disease progresses, this susceptibility worsens.
HIV exists in the body fluids of infected people, such as semen, blood, breast milk
and vaginal fluids. HIV can be transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, which may
occur during sexual contact (vaginal oral or anal sex), blood transfusions,
breastfeeding, childbirth, and the sharing of infected needles.
7) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Human Papillomavirus is a name for a group of viruses that affect the skin, as well as the moist
membranes that line the body, such as the throat, cervix, anus and mouth. There are over 100
types of HPV, of which about 40 can affect the genital areas of males and females; these types
may also infect the mouth and throat. The ones that affect the genital area are known as genital
human papillomavirus.
HPV infection can lead to:
The abnormal growth and alteration of cells within the cervix, which can significantly increase the
risk of developing cancer of the cervix
Genital warts, the most common STI in the majority of developed nations
The majority of infected individuals have no symptoms and are unaware.
HPV vaccine
The HPV vaccine prevents HPV infection
HPV is most commonly transmitted through vaginal or anal sex. However, oral sex and genital-
to-genital contact (without penetration) are also avenues for transmission. Infected people with
no signs and symptoms can infect others.An infected pregnant mother can transmit the virus to
her baby during childbirth, although this is very rare.According to the CDC, half of all Americans
who are sexually active will become infected with genital human HPV some time in their lives.
The best way to be protect from HPV infection is to be vaccinated.
8) Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease that can affect both males and
females. However, women are more likely to experience symptoms. The infection is caused by
a single-celled protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis.
For women, the most common site of infection is the vagina, while for men it is the urethra
(urine canal). Transmission may occur either by penis-to-vagina sexual intercourse or vulva-to-
vulva contact.
While women may be infected from either male or female sexual partners, men nearly always
become from having sex with women (not men).
Signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis include:
 Vaginal odor
 Vaginal discharge
 Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse
 Pain when urinating
A woman with trichomoniasis is more likely to become HIV infected if she is exposed to the
virus. A woman with trichomoniasis and HIV is also more likely to pass the HIV onto other
sexual partners.
9) Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum Contagiosum is a contagious skin infection caused by a virus called

molluscum contagiosum. There are four types: MCV-1 (most common), MCV-2
(most commonly sexually transmitted one), MCV-3, and MCV-4. When it infects
young children it is not considered an STI.

Signs and symptoms include small, round bumps and indents on the skin. If left
untreated, the bumps usually go away, but this can take up to two years. A health
care provider can remove the bumps with chemicals, an electrical current, or by
freezing them. There are some prescription medicines that will eventually get rid of
the growths.
10) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a broad term for inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes.
The disease can eventually lead to scar formation and fibrous brands that form between tissues and
organs. In most cases, PID is caused by a vaginal or cervical infection, which then spreads. PID can
be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites - in the majority of cases the cause is a bacterium.STIs are
the most common causes of PIDs. However, PIDs may also be a consequence of abortion,
miscarriage, childbirth, or using an intrauterine device. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are common causes
of PID.Untreated PID can lead to chronic persistent pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy,
and infertility.Many females with PID have no signs or symptoms. Some women find out after seeing a
doctor for an infertility problem. PID caused by Chlamydia usually has no symptoms.

If signs and symptoms do appear, they may include:

 Lower abdominal pain, this may sometimes be severe

 Fever

 Fatigue

 Oligomenorrhea (irregular periods)

 Lower back pain

 Pain during sexual intercourse

 Rectal pain

 Change in vaginal discharge

 Nausea and vomiting

 You can learn more about Pelvic Inflamatory