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Electrochemical Impedance:
Analysis and Interpretation

Book · January 1993

DOI: 10.1520/STP1188-EB

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STP 1188

Electrochemical Impedance:
Analysis and Interpretation

John R. Scully, David C. Silverman, and

Martin W. Kendig, Editors

ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN):

04-011880-27

1916 Race Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Electrochemical impedance : analysis and interpretation / John R. Scully,

David C. Silverman, and Martin W. Kendig, editors.
(STP ; 1188)
"ASTM publication code number (PCN) : 04-011880-27."
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 0-8031-1861-9
1. Corrosion and anti-corrosives. 2. Electric resistance--Data
processing. 3. Electrochemical analysis--Data processing.
I. Scully, John R., 1958- II. Silverman, David C., 1947-
III. Kendig, Martin W. IV. Series: ASTM special technical
publication ; 1188.
TA418.74.E43 1993
620. l' 1223--dc20 92-42059
CIP

Copyright 9 1993 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS, Philadelphia, PA. All
rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed,
mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the
publisher.

Photocopy Rights
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of
specific clients, is granted by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS for users
registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that
the base fee of $2.50 per copy, plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 27 Congress St., Salem,
MA 01970; (508) 744-3350. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional
Reporting Service is 0-8031-1861-9-93 $2.50 + .50.

Peer Review Policy

Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed
all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM
Committee on Publications.
The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and
the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publica-
tions acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution to time and effort on behalf of
ASTM.

Printed in Fredericksburg,VA
March 1993
Foreword
This publication, Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, contains
papers presented at the symposium of the same name, held in San Diego, CA on 4-5
November 1991. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion
of Metals. John R. Scully, University of Virginia, Center for Electrochemical Science and
Engineering, David C. Silverman, Monsanto, and Martin W. Kendig, Rockwell Interna-
tional Science Center, presided as symposium chairmen and are editors of the resulting
publication.
Contents
Overview

MODELING AND CORROSIONPROCESSES

Impedance Spectra Calculated from Model Polarization C u r v e s - - u . BERTOCCI

AND R. E. RICKER 9

Discussion 22

Specific Aspects of Impedance Measurements in Low Conductivity M e d i a - -

s. CHECH]RLIAN, M. KEDDAM, AND H. TAKENOUTI 23

Analysis of EIS Data for Common Corrosion Processes--F. MANSFELD, H. SHIH,

H. GREENE, AND C. H. TSAI 37

Analyzing Simulated Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Results by the

Systematic Permutation of Data Points--P. R. ROBERGE 54

The Effect of Parasitic Conduction Pathways on EIS Measurements in Low

Conductivity Media--K. C. STEWART, D. G. KOLMAN, AND S. R. TAYLOR 73

The Characterization of the Coarsening of Dealloyed Layers by EIS and Its

Correlation with Stress-Corrosion Cracking--R. G. KELLY, A. J. YOUNG,
AND R. C. NEWMAN 94

APPLICATIONS OF KRAMERS-KRONIGTRANSFORMATIONS

Application of the Kramers-Kroulg Relations in Electrochemical Impedance

SpeetroscopymP. AGARWAL, M. E. ORAZEM, AND L. H. GARCIA-RUBIO 115

Kramers-Kronig Transformation in Relation to the Interface Regulating Devicem

C. GABRIELLI, M. KEDDAM, AND H. TAKENOUTI 140

Validation of Experimental Data from High Impedance Systems Using the

Kramers-Kronig TransformsmB. J. DOUGHERTY AND S. I. SMEDLEY 154

CORROSION AND INHIBITION

The Impedance Response of Film-Covered Metals--s. TURGOOSE AND

R. A. COTTIS 173

Corrosion Prediction from Circuit Models Application to Evaluation of Corrosion

InhibitorsbD. c. SILVERMAN 192
Use of Electrochemical Noise in the Study of Inhibitor Systems: Part I--The Effect
of Silicate Polymerization on the Inhibition of Aluminum--s. T. HIROZAWA
AND D. E. TURCOTTE 205

The Influence of Corrosion Product Film Formation on the Corrosion of Copper-

Nickel Alloys in Aqueous NaCI--H. HACK AND H. PICKERING 220

Discussion 236

Interpreting Electrochemical Impedance Spectra from Segmented Electrode

Arrangements--A. N. ROTHWELL, J. L. DAWSON, D. A. EDEN, AND
J. W. PALMER 237

Discussion 251

CORROSION OF ALUMINUM

Evolution of Electrochemical Impedance During Sealing of Porous Anodic Films on

Aluminum--J. L. DAWSON, G. E. THOMPSON, AND M. B. H. AHMADUN 255

Discussion 275

Characterization of the Corrosion of Aluminum Thin Films Using Electrochemical

Impedance Methods--J. R. SCULLY 276

Detection and Monitoring of Localized Corrosion by E I S - - F . MANSFELD,

Y. WANG, S. H. LIN, H. XIAO, AND H. SHIH 297

Potentiodynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for the

Statistical Process Control of Aluminum Anodizing--P. R. ROBERGE,
E. HALLIOP, AND S. YOUSRI 313

Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Aluminum/Polymer Laminates Using

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy--G. R. T. SCHUELLER AND
S. R. TAYLOR 328

Discussion 343

CORROSION OF STEEL IN SOIL AND CONCRETE

Electrochemical Impedance of a Buried Large Structure--s. SUDO AND

S. HARUYAMA 347

Calculation of Extended Counter Electrode Polarization Effects on the

Electrochemical Impedance Response of Steel in Concrete--s. c. KRANC
AND A. A. SAGOI~S 365

Discussion 383
Electrochemical Impedance and Harmonic Analysis Measurements on Steel in
Concrete--M. I. JAFAR, J. L. DAWSON, AND D. G. JOHN 384

COATINGS ON METALS

Electrochemical Impedance of Coated Metal Undergoing Loss of Adhesion--

M. W. KENDIG, S. JEANJAQUET, AND J. L U M S D E N 407

Analyzing and Interpreting Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Data from

Internally Coated Steel Aerosol Containers--w. s. TAIT, K. A. HANDRICH,
S. W. TAIT, A N D J. W. MARTIN 428

Study of Protection Mechanisms of Zinc-Rich Paints by Electrochemical Impedance

Spectroscopyms. FELIU, JR., R. BARAJAS, J. M. BASTIDAS, M. MORCILLO,
A N D S. F E L I U 438

Evaluation of High-Performance Protective Coatings by Electrochemical Impedance

and ChronoamperometrymR. D. GRANATA AND K. J. KOVALESKI 450

Discussion 462

Improved Coatings Testing and Evaluation Using Electrochemical Impedance

Spectroscopy--P. K A M A R C H I K 463

Author Index 475

Subject Index 477

 ISBN 0-8031-1861-9

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