UROGENITAL SYSTEM

I. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
A. Kidney
B. Ureter
C. Urinary Bladder
D. Urethra

II. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A. Ovaries
B. Mullerian Ducts/Oviducts
C. Uterus/Womb
D. Cervix
E. Vagina
F. Clitoris
G. Urogenital Canal
H. Glans
I. Anal Glands/Sacs

III. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A. Testes
B. Spermatic Cprd
C. Urogenital Sinus
D. Prostate Gland
E. Bulbourethral/Cowper's Gland
F. Urogenital Opening
G. Penis
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Ophistocepha Cuora
Organ Description lus sp. Scoliodon sp.ambionensis pigeon

I. DIGESTIVE
A. Oral Cavity
Beak/ mouth Obtains food (no teeth)
Mouth Connects mouth to the rest of the digestive
Esophagus tract (mouth to crop to proventriculus)
Crop Stores food and water until they are paseed to the GI tract
Proventriculus (true stomach) is the glandular stomach where digestion primarily begins.

Ventriculus (gizzard) (mechanical stomach) for grinding, mixing, and mashing.

B. Body wall and the Pleuroperitoneal cavity
Pleuroperitoneal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Esophagus with Papilla
Stomach with Rugae
Pylorus
Spleen
Intestine
Duodenum
Valvular intestine
Spiral valve
SMALL INTESTINE
Large intestine
Bile duct
Pancreas
PANCREATIC DUCT
Large internal cavity that constitutes the greater part of the coelom
Smooth shining membrane that lines the body wall
Where food passes to the stomach
Digestion and secretion of enzyme
Lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum
Mechanical filtration of red blood cells
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Embraces entrance to intestine
Part of small intestine occupied by spiral valve
Increase absorption area for digestion
Absorbs decomposed food via villi, Duodenum: first part, Attached to the
right lobe of the liver through the hepatoduodenal ligament
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Carries bile to the duodenum
Secretion of pancreatic juice
Passes from the pancreas into the duodenum
Rectal or digitiform gland Secretes mucus
Cloaca lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum
used for expelling feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during
Anus
digestion
C. Mesenteries
Mesogaster Encloses the spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament From the spleen to the stomach
Mesentery Supports small intestine
Mesorectum Mesentery in the region of the rectal gland

Lesser Omentum (Gastro-

From right side of stomach to the liver and duodenum
hepato-duodenal ligament)

Falciform ligament Supports the liver

Mesovarium Mesentery of ovary
Mesorchium Mesentery of testis
Coronary ligament Attaches liver to the transverse septum
Transverse septum Partition that closes the anterior end of the pleuroperitoneal cavity

COELOM Separates into pericardial cavity and pleuroperitoneal cavity

II. Respiratory
Buccal cavity Anterior part of the cavity inclosed by the jaws and gill arches
Pharynx Path for food and air
Six Internal gill slits Aids in respiration
Spiracle used to pump water through the gills while the animal is at rest
External gill slits Aids in respiration
Gill pouches Where internal gill slits leads to
Branchial bar Supports gills
Interbranchial septum Supports gills
Demibranch Aids in respiration; may be used for filter feeding
Holobranch Brings venous blood to the gills
TRACHEA Windpipe, connects the larynx and bronchi of the tortoise
ESOPHAGUS Between the mouth and the stomach
LUNGS
PERICARDIAL SAC Encloses the heart
PLEUROPERITONEAL
Large cavity
CAVITY
External nares
Internal nares
Glottis Leads to the trachea
Syrinx Actual voice box
Bronchus shuttle air to and from the lungs.
Air sacs permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs
1. Peritoneum

2. Pleuroperitoneal cavity
3. Mesentery
a. mesogaster
b. mesentery
c. mesorectum
d. mesovarium
e. mesorchium
f. mesotubarium
4. Gastro-hepato duodenal ligament/ lesser omentum
a. hepatoduodenal ligament
b. gastrohepatic ligament
5. suspensory or falciform ligament
6. Liver
7. Gallbladder
8. Esophagus
9. Stomach
10. Duodenum
11. Bile duct
12. Pancreas
13. Pancreatic duct
14. Spleen
15. Valvular intestine
16. Spiral valve
17. Large intestine or colon
18. Rectal or digitiform gland
19. Transverse septum
20. Coronary ligament
21. Abdominal pores
22. Parietal pericardium
23. Pericardial cavity
24. Visceral pericardium
25. Sinus venosus
Large internal cavity that constitutes the greater part of the
coelom
Smooth shining membrane that lines the body wall