1.0 Possible reasons for tax evasion.

1.1 Tax Burden

The quick impact and general view of tax evasion in numerous nations incorporates
Malaysia is the accentuation on the taxation burden. Political and mental impacts
emerging from antagonistic responses to citizens in light of the fact that the assessment
increment when they feel that obligatory expenses are too high contrasted with their
salary they concede to tax evasion and extortion to be brought down their duty
commitments. It is important to consider the purchasing power of income staying after
expense for the room we experience a similar taxation burden, however under various
conditions (Dragomir, et al., 2011)

Specialists recognized that higher duty rates prompt more prominent levels of tax
evasion. Utilizing the amplification technique for the utility capacity, the outcomes exhibit
that the impact of assessment rate on tax evasion relies upon the peripheral profitability.
On the off chance that the minimal profitability isn't too little, an expansion in the expense
rates prompts more prominent tax evasion.

Moreover, inflation rate is the fundamental factor that causes tax evasion as citizen
think paying assessment is trouble for them. The positive connection among inflation rate
and tax evasion demonstrated that an expansion in swelling prompts high tax evasion.
Therefore, inflation can impact the choice of taxpayer in paying their obligation to the
government. Taxpayers, normally hold their money in order to increase the purchasing
power especially when the inflation rate is keeps on increasing.
1.2 Trade Openness
Besides that, trade openness is another factor that arise tax evasion among Malaysian.
The trade arguments and exchange directions turn out to be more tangled,
representatives tend to decline doing trade legitimately. Therefore actualizing
troublesome law and more limitations for exchange by governments can likewise prompt
the ascent of snuck merchandise and thus tax evasion will increment. Approach creators
may utilize different exchange arrangements in creating nations. For example, restricting
or empowering the import or fare of specific merchandise; or items from specific nations
of origin.

Either the cutting or curbing of business associations with a specific nation allotting
the measure of import or fare of product; and other administrative courses of action
provoke the headway of the underground economy The specialist finds that a negative
relationship exists between trade straightforwardness; and underground economies and
duty shirking in all the making countries.

1.3 Income of taxpayer

The salary of the citizen can be a categorized as one of the causes that influences tax
evasion. The standardized significance estimation regarding income of taxpayer most
elevated as compared to the various components. The principle explanation behind the
positive connection between the salary of the citizens and tax evasion is covered up in
the rate of duty on pay to the government. In the wake of expanding salary, if government
keep increase the tax rate, will eventually affects the response of citizens in dodging
assessment and tax evasion will increase.

Furthermore, those who earned more, under a progressive income tax, they claim
to pay a higher portion of the tax rate to contribute to the country development. These,
makes them to claim that paying higher income taxes, does not improve their life in which
some nation still providing poor public services for the citizens. It shows that, the
government wastes their citizens tax payment for unnecessary thing and pretending and
emphasized that they would develop the nation within years in the eye of the citizens.

1.4 Lack of trust due to corruption

On the other side, taxpayer intently evade from paying tax because they feel reluctant to
pay taxes due to lack of trust of the citizens towards the government. As per the political
authenticity, assess consistence is impacted by the degree that nationals confide in their
administration The authenticity could be portrayed as conviction or trust in the experts,
establishments, and social courses of action to be suitable, appropriate, just and work for
the benefit of all the taxpayers and also the nation.

For example, the taxpayer who pays taxes with the intention to receive good
accommodation and facilities is not fully fulfilled. Taxpayers pay their taxes to see their
nation to keep on developing in the form of facilities, infrastructure, technology and others.
However, the taxpayer fails to obtain such development in which government lying and
uses their citizens money for unnecessary things and increase the debt of the nation.
(Zack Beauchamp J, 2016) Recently Malaysia has undergone various unethical scandals
in corruption such as 1MDB. This political crisis is greatly causing the taxpayers loses
their trust towards government in which they feel it is unbeneficial in paying income taxes
therefore evade from paying tax to the government.

1.5 Feeble Enforcement of Tax Laws and level of punishments

The last factor causes tax evasion is weak enforcement tax laws is one of the difficulties
of revenue generation authorities in Malaysia. Citizens may underestimate their tax
commitments if there are no solid laws which tie them to respect their assessment
commitment. Implementation of duty laws which are obligatory to income specialist can
prompt poor income age particularly when defaulter are not arraigned to prevent others
from that demonstration.

The examination led uncovered that individuals avoid charge when there is no a solid
laws restricting them to pay. On the off chance that there is solid law that is put aside to
bargain thoroughly with assess dodgers or defaulters, the outcomes will dissuade
different perpetuators to stop from that demonstration. Moreover, tax evasion could be
widespread in circumstance where both expense authorities and payers take part in
action that prompts avoidance or shirking. They guaranteed expense will be sidestepped
if the income age office is wasteful and has escape clauses in their organization
framework. Therefore, since there is no serious offence or punishment by government for
the taxpayers who evade here is a continue increase of this crime over year. Eventhough,
there are, penalty and laws for the taxpayers who evade tax, but implementation in
practicing this enforcement in real life by government towards tax payer will definitely
causes an increase in tax evasion over the decade.
2.0 The extent that tax evasion different or similar to tax avoidance.

2.1 Purpose of tax evasion and tax avoidance is to minimize tax liability
As a matter of fact, both tax avoidance and tax evasion is honed by some citizen to lessen
or keep away from paying duty obligation to the government. As a way they find lawful an
unlawful approach to lessen the burden of paying assessment to the government.
Assessment avoidance is a training which affirmed by the IRS to limit taxes. Basic cases
of assessment shirking incorporate taking true blue duty findings to limit costs of doing
business bringing about bringing down the expense charge, setting up an assessment
deferral intend to postpone charges until some other time, and taking assessment credits
offered by the IRS to burn through cash for substantial purposes. Tax evasion is the illicit
delinquency or underpayment of assessment by not revealing pay, announcing costs that
are unlawful, or by not paying duties owed to the IRS. In spite of the fact that assessment
shirking is a legitimate practice, citizens must take after state impose laws appropriately
else it can turn out to be similarly as illicit as tax evasion said before.

2.2 Reduce tax liability legally and illegally

Tax avoidance is characterized as acting inside the law, now and again at the edge of
lawfulness, to limit or dispose of duty that would somehow be legitimately owed. It
frequently includes misusing the strict letter of the law, escape clauses and confounds to
acquire an expense advantage that was not initially proposed by the enactment. A citizen
may legitimately orchestrate issues to limit taxes by such strides as conceding salary
starting with one year then onto the next. It is legitimate to take all accessible expense
findings. It is additionally legitimate charges by making magnanimous commitments. As
per Section 140 of Income Tax Act 1967 firms disregard certain transaction in order to
reduce tax liability. The case Port Dickson v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri, the
court held that the IRB ought to be distinguished the specific appendage to learn its
reason for asserting duty avoidance.
 On the other side, tax evasion is the general term for endeavors by people, firms,
trusts and different substances minimize the installment of charges by illegally. Tax
evasion as a rule involves citizens purposely distorting or disguising the genuine condition
of their issues to the assessment specialists to diminish their duty, obligation, and
incorporates. (Mahenthiran and kasipillai, 2012). Therefore, tax evasion considered as a
crime because taxpayer practicing tax fraud to reduces assessment that they need to pay
which is punishable under criminal law. These happened when, taxpayer deliberately
prepare false statement, by understate their revenue and overstate their expenses to
evade from paying tax. Moreover, taxpayer who evades paying tax by failing to report
income, or improperly claiming expenses which that not authorized.

2.3 Consequences of tax avoidance and tax evasion

Tax avoidance may profit the firm in type of expanded income. There are potential
negative results identified with it (Hanlon and Heitzman, 2010). For example, a firm might
be compelled to pay extra charges and even punishments coming about because of
expense related claim subsequent to being distinguished by assessment specialist. This
adversely affects the company's notoriety and a significant negative impact on its stocks'
costs. Furthermore, government loses their revenue through tax avoidance as well.

Besides that, tax evasion is in reality unlawful which takes place in large scale. It
is a criminal demonstration since it includes effectively endeavoring to trick charge
specialists concerning what your expense bill ought to be evading duties can have some
genuine restraints, including fines and prison time. For example, Dr Ahmad
NizarJamaluddin, who runs private medical center fines up to RM 20,000 as per Section
114(a) of Income Tax Act 1967 and imprisonment for 3 years because they evade taxes
since 2007. (Lee Hishammudin Allen,2016)

2.4 Saving of tax avoidance and dodging of tax evasion

Tax avoidance basically implies paying as a meager expense in which general population
is regularly urged to utilize them by the legislature which means the taxpayers captivating
unreasonable benefit of the shortcomings in the Malaysian law. Moreover, taxpayers
taking legal tax deductions to diminish industry operating cost in order to lesser business
tax assessment. Organizations avoid taxes from charges by taking every single honest
to goodness derivation and by shielding wage from charges by setting up worker
retirement designs and different means, all legitimate and under the Internal Revenue
Code or state tax codes. For instance, in the event that you spare cash into an Individual
Saving Account, then you are finding a way to avoid tax by stores in real money ISAs to
get premium paid free of salary, duty, while any increases in a stocks and shares ISA
don't draw in capital-picks up assessment. Thus, the government encourages an
individual to save for their future through tax avoidance.(Cobham Alex, 2005)

Besides that, tax evasions add up to utilizing unlawful or dodging intends to

decrease assess obligation by deliberately manipulates in accounts resulting in fraud.
This could include neglecting to pronounce some of your wage on your self-evaluation
form, or concealing the way that you have certain assessable resources. Tax evasion
among organizations will arraign as criminal offenses which stated in the Inland Revenue
Board (IRB) is escalating crackdown on duty dodgers as per Section 114 of the Income
Tax Act 1967. In businesses, tax evasion can occur in connection with income
taxes, employment taxes, sales and excise taxes, and other federal, state, and local
taxes. Under-revealing pay individual would deliberately guaranteeing less salary than
really got from a particular source like giving false data to the IRS about business wage
or costs. Purposely coming up short on charges owed by significantly downplaying your
expenses by expressing an assessment sum on your arrival which is not as much as the
sum owed for the salary you revealed.
3.0 Tax offences and penalties available in Malaysia in relation to the tax evasion.

According to Income Tax Act (ITA) 1967 any individual who conferred for an offense will
be fine either through punishment of detainment or both relying upon seriousness or the
quantity of offenses. The followings are the assessment offenses and punishments
accessible in Malaysia in connection to the tax evasion.

3.1 Incorrect return

Any individual who makes a wrong return by discarding from the return any information;
downplayed any yield impose or exaggerates any information assess in an arrival; or
gives any mistaken data in connection to any issue influencing his own particular risk to
charge or the obligation to duty of some other individual, confers an offense and might,
on conviction, be at risk according to Sec 88 of Income Tax Act (ITA) 1967.

The individual would at risk to a fine not surpassing fifty thousand ringgit or to
detainment for a term not surpassing three years or to both. Then again, the person who
evades assessment would at risk to a punishment equivalent to the measure of expense
which has been undercharged or would have been so undercharged if the arrival or data
had been acknowledged as right.

For example in the case Richard Fuller was imprisoned for three months after an
examination by HMRC found that he didn't pronounce the benefit picked up from offering
properties in the Aldershot, Hampshire territory in the vicinity of 2006 and 2013. He was
discovered blameworthy of tricking people in general income and extortion by false return.
He was imprisoned for a long time and three months at Winchester Crown Court.

3.2 Falsifies or authorizes the falsification of any books of accounts, invoices or

records
Any individual who with aim to dodge or to help some other individual to sidestep
assessment, for example, excludes from an arrival any data in connection to any issue
influencing the measure of his or the other individual's chargeability to impose. This
offense has been charged under Section 89 of the Goods and Services Tax Act 2014.
Confers an offence and might, on conviction, be obligated for the primary offense, to a
fine of at the very least ten times and not more than twenty times the measure of expense
or to detainment for a term not surpassing five years or to both according to GST Act
2014.
For example three former Tesco executives continued to falsely boost profits,
despite warnings about the supermarket’s multi-million pound profit hole,
Southwark Crown Court. Christopher Bush, Carl Rogberg and John Scouler are on
trial over the accounting scandal at Tesco, which saw the supermarket inflate
profits by £326m. The prosecution also alleged the trio continued to falsely boost
profits because they wanted to keep their salaries and bonuses. The three men
were charged with one count of fraud by abuse of position and one count of false
accounting following an investigation by the Serious Fraud Office, and face prison
sentences of up to seven and 10 years.

3.3 Taxpayers makes, uses or authorizes the use of any fraud, artifice or
contrivance.

The offense and punishment for the evasion of assessment under Section 89 of the GST
Act require a component of aim to dodge expense or help another in sidestepping charge.
Segment 89(6) of the GST Act goes ahead to consider any avoidance of duty as being
finished with the information of the denounced individual unless the blamed individual can
demonstrate the opposite. Other than that, any person with the mean to avoid imposed
by puts forth any false expression or section in any arrival will be charged under Sec 89
of the Goods and Services Tax Act 2014. Agreeing o this ensuing offense, to a fine of at
the very least twenty times and not more than forty times the measure of assessment or
to detainment for a term not surpassing seven years or to both will be charged against
the individual who eagerly avoid from paying expense. Given that where the measure of
duty can't be found out, the individual should be subject to a fine of at the very least
RM50,000 and not more than RM500,000 or to detainment for a term not surpassing
seven years or to both.

3.4 The Consequences of Wilful Evasion, Intent to Evade or Assisting Any Other
Person to Evade Tax

The taxpayer who plays out an activity or deed wilfully and with aim to evade duty or help
some other individual to dodge assessment might be at risk for indictment which can be
liable by the law. This willful evasion by taxpayer, is subject to a fine of at least RM1,000
and not more than RM20,000 or to detainment for a term not surpassing three years or
to both. Moreover, that individual have changes to get punishment of three times the
measure of expense which has been undercharged if the offense had not been
distinguished.

3.5 Claim for deductions or incentives not supported by documents

The directors of the organization gives an announcement affirmed by him containing

points of interest of innovative work (R&D) costs brought about by the organization and
trains the duty specialist to make a claim for double deduction for the R&D costs. Amid
an assessment review, it is found that there is inadequate documentation to help the
claim. The figures whereupon the claim is based are observed to be assessed and a
portion of the costs included are not identified with the exploration venture. The
organization might be obligated for arraignment for making a false claim in the arrival
section 114(1) or for making an erroneous return section 113. The executive of the
organization might be subject for arraignment for aiding the planning of an arrival that has
brought about the modest representation of the truth of the organization's obligation for
charge section 114(1A).