KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
berkah dan karunia-Nya kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyeelesaikan
laporan kasus tepat pada waktunya. Tak lupa shalawat beriring salam penulis
kirimkan kepada junjungan alam yakni Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah
membawa kita dari alam yang buta akan pengetahuan alam ke alam yang penuh
dengan beribu ilmu seperti yang kita rasakan sekarang ini.

Laporan kasus yang berjudul CKD Stage V Ec Nefrosklerosis Hipertensi

CHF Fungsional Class I-II e.c HHD +Bronkopneumonia Duplex” ini penulis buat
sebagai tugas saat menjalani kepaniteraan klinik ilmu penyakit dalam.
Rasa terima kasih saya sampaikan kepada pembimbing saya dr. Didi Yuda
Putra, Sp.PD yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktunya untuk membimbing saya
dalam penulisan laporan kasus ini sehingga menjadi baik dan terarah.

Penulis menyadari bahwa banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan karya

tulis ini. Untuk itu, penulis memohon maaf atas segala kekhilafan dan kesalahan.
Dan tidak lupa juga penulis memohon saran serta kritik yang bersifat membangun
agar tujuan menjadikan laporan kasus ini sempurna dapat tercapai.

Solok, Februari 2018

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ...................................................................................................... i

Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................ ii
Daftar Gambar .......................................................................................................v
Daftar Tabel.......................................................................................................... vi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................................1
1.2 Tujuan ................................................................................................................3
1.3 Manfaat ..............................................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1Chronic Kidney Deases .......................................................................................5
2.1.1 Defenisi ....................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Epidemiologi ............................................................................................5
2.1.3 Etiologi .....................................................................................................5
2.1.4 Patogenesis ...............................................................................................7
2.1.5 Diagnosa ..................................................................................................9
2.1.6 Penatalaksanaan .....................................................................................12
2.2Nefropati Hipertensi ..........................................................................................13
2.2.1 Defenisi ..................................................................................................13
2.2.2 Epidemiologi ..........................................................................................13
2.2.3 Etiologi ...................................................................................................13
2.2.4 Klasifikasi ..............................................................................................14
2.2.5 Patofisiologi ...........................................................................................15
2.2.6 Diagnosa.................................................................................................18
2.2.7 Penatalaksanaan .....................................................................................22
2.3 Chronic Heart Failure .......................................................................................25
2.3.1 Defenisi ..................................................................................................25
2.3.2 Faktor Resiko .........................................................................................26
2.3.3 Patogenesa ..............................................................................................27
2.3.4 Gejala Klinis ..........................................................................................27
2.3.5 Pemeriksaan Penunjang .........................................................................28

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 2.3.6 Komplikasi .............................................................................................29
2.3.7 Penatalaksanaan .....................................................................................30
2.4 Hipertensi Heart Desease .................................................................................31
2.4.1 Defenisi ..................................................................................................31
2.4.2 Epidemiologi ..........................................................................................31
2.4.3 Etiologi dan Klasifikasi ..........................................................................32
2.4.4 Diagnosa.................................................................................................33
2.4.5 Penatalaksanaan .....................................................................................35
2.6.6 Komplikasi .............................................................................................44
2.5 Bronkopneumonia ............................................................................................47
2.5.1 Defenisi ..................................................................................................47
2.5.2 Etiologi ...................................................................................................48
2.5.3 Patofisiologi ...........................................................................................50
2.5.4 Gejala Klinis ..........................................................................................51
2.5.5 Diagnosa.................................................................................................52
2.5.6 Penatalaksanaan .....................................................................................54
2.5.7 Komplikasi .............................................................................................56
2.5.8 Terapi .....................................................................................................78
2.5.9 Komplikasi .............................................................................................79
2.5.10 Prognosis .............................................................................................80
BAB III LAPORAN KASUS
3.1 Identitas Pasien.................................................................................................81
3.2 Anamnesa .........................................................................................................81
3.3 Pemeriksaan Fisik ............................................................................................83
3.4 Pemeriksaan Penunjang ...................................................................................86
3.5 Diagnosa Kerja .................................................................................................87
3.6 Diagnosa Banding ............................................................................................87
3.7 Penatalaksanaan ...............................................................................................87
3.8 Pemeriksaan Anjuran .......................................................................................88
3.9 Prognosis ..........................................................................................................89
BAB IV PENUTUP
4.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................95

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FOLLOW UP .......................................................................................................89
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................... 97

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