Cardiovascular system

This system deals with circulation of blood in

human blood
The heart is pumping station of CVS
Heart consists of two chambers
1. atria - receiving chamber

2. ventricles - the distributing chamber

The atria & ventricles are separated by atrio-

ventricular septum
There are two atria RT & LT separated by
interatrial septum
Two ventricles are separated by
interventricular septum
The RT side of heart is deals with
deoxygenated blood
The LT side of heart is deals with oxygenated
blood
The valve of RT atria & ventricle is tricuspid
valve
The valve present in lt side is bicuspid valve
or mitral valve
Arteries are defined as blood vessels which
caries blood away from heart
Vein are blood vessels which carries blood
towards or back to heart
The RT atrium receives blood from SVC, IVC,
& coronary sinus
Then blood is pumped into RT ventricle
Then pushed in to lungs by pulmonary artery
In lungs blood is purified i.e. oxygenated or
gaseous exchange
Then blood is brought in to LT atrium by
pulmonary vein
The is pumped into LT ventricle & then to
aorta then to tissues
Of the body
The oxygen is used up by body & then blood

is brought back to RT atrium SVC, IVC, &

coronary sinus
There are two types of circulation
1. pulmonary circulation (lesser circulation)
2. systemic circulation ( greater circulation)
The valves of heart are unidirectional
Each atria has appendages or projection

called as auricle
Arteries – the biggest artery is aorta
the arteries are thick walled each artery has
three coats tunica intima ,tunica media,
tunica externa tunica is thick
the arteries are not collapsible i.e. patent
types of arteries
1. elastic – are also known as conducting
arteries
2. muscular –are also known as
distributing arteries
anastomosis - it is defined as smallest
branch of one artery meet with smaller
branch of another artery this is called
anastomosis
function - they helps to maintain collateral
circulation
end artery - these arteries which do not
anastomosis with each other e.g. central
artry of retina ,coronary artery
vasa vasorum - these are arteries which
supplies blood to arteries e.g. coronary
artery
vein - carries blood back to heart
veins are formed by union of small venous
capplieries
they unite to form venules
these venules join to form smaller veins
small veins joins to form bigger veins
smaller veins are called as tributaries
veins are thin walled tunica media is thinner
factors responsible to venous returns
1.certain veins carry blood back to heart
against gravity these veins are provided with
unidirectional valves
2.the negative intrathoracic pressure during
inspiration pushes the blood upwards
3. certain muscle