II EISY IIGE
II. I
Iy
EIIIIR PIL 01 8.
MA LASK OLINN MIMIR
BRAUTARHOLTI4
REYKJAVIK.
SIMI 10004
NR.
2.
~.
~ .
., Index Book
Index p. 2
~ . 11
To the Student p. 5
q How to use the book p. 6
~
Pronunciation of Icelandic p. 7
~
19. am doing something. I am - I was - I have been.
20. have finished. It is over. It has happened.
!! .-
r 21. Gunnar og Hallged5ur. Simple text. TO HAVE as helper verb.
22. Possessive pronouns.
~ 23. Asking for your health.
=
~
26. Conversation. Your health. Cases.
27. Do you speak Icelandic? English?
Two forms of YES.
~ ' f
7l. Simple songs.
~
78. Meeting people. Basic sentences.
~ /I
I~ 1\1
9l. Yesterday. Past tense of to be, have,
own, do.
II I
l J
5.
~ .
To the student:
~ Icelandic is an inflecting language. This means that the
:::"i same word often changes form without changing meaning. Such
~ .
grammatical features as tense, aspect, person, nu.rnber, mood
etc, are formed by attaching affixe s to roots of stems, so, if the
~ . foreign student is not careful he may easily get lost in the
intricacies of grammar without ever learning the language. The
::--; aim of this book is to teach the foreigner in- Iceland who has little
~.
time and only sca·nt kn·o wl_edge 01 grammatical terminology how to
master the essentials of the language with a minimum of tediu.rn
and effort.
~
If your primary aim is to SPEAK Icelandic you must
e ~
~ u
6.
II much time trying to memorize the case endings of the nouns, or any of the
flexions of the adjective ( other than comparison) till you are familiar
II with the necessary particles of the language. Concentrate on learning
a relatively small class of words. This class includes the particles,
: 11
pronouns, pointer words and helper verbs. A battery of about two hundred
such words for ready use, supplemented by a nodding acquaintance with
about a hundred others includes a very high proportion of the words we
constantly use. The most important thing at the outset is to have a small
vocabulary of the essential nouns, adjectives and verbs always at your
disposal.
IJ
~ 7.
~ .
~.
Pronunciation of Icelandic
~
The Icelandic A lpha bet re sem ble s the English Alphabet exc ept for
~ . certain letters whlch are in actual fact phonetic symbols.
~. l. New letters are p-JE-O-D. The P sound stands for the English sound
th in the word "thought~' and the D (15) sound stands for the English
th in the word "the". As a rule :i?1leComes D when not stressed. Both
i! letters are international phonetic symbols used in order to facilitate
spelling and save the trouble of writing two letters for one sound. The
e f JE sound stands for the i sound in the word "hide" or "light" and is
similarly used to facilitate reading. The 0 sound stands for the English
I in "bird" or ~ in "word", but spoken WITh protruded and rounded lips.
~ 3. Peculiar to the Icelandic Alphabet is the use of an accent over certain vowels.
The accent is not a Stress Mark, as no streSs marks are needed in
i! I( Icelandic at all. The simple expedient of using an accent makes these vowels
phonetic sounds, so that you immediately know how to pronounce them when
e i' you corne upon them in the text. Their sound s will be given in the table
below.
6.
~
Sounds in Icelandic can be both long and short, just as in English. If
long, consonants are generally doubled in the spelling, but this expedient
is not considered necessary in the case of vowels, as they are always
~ conditioned by the following cons onant s, so that onc e you get the hang
of Icelandic pronunciation you will find it regular.
- K
L
Karl, kettur. (Similar to English C in "cat", but pronounced
further forward in the mouth.)
Laki, latur. (Similar to the fir st L in "little", but not so
crisp. On the other hand an L never becomes so "dark"
as in "muddle" or "ill".)
LL Hell, kalla. (Pronounced like DDL, HeddI, khaddla.)
~ .
not stre s sed it usually softens into D like TH in "thi s". )
~. rounded lips. )
II
II
10.
~ I III
~ . II
~ J ,
~.
~ I II
~ .
~ II
11.
~-
~.
Some Expre s sions.' in the Clas sroom.
~ .
13. pa<5 er vitlaust. (lit. it is crazy. but used as nr. 12.)
~ ' 111 16. Hva<5 heitir petta a Islenzku? How do you say this in Icelandic?
-
17. Yilt pu gera svo vel a<5 koma hinga<5. Will you please corne here.
Que stions:
~ 2l. Hva<5 er petta? What is this?
Greetings.
A mixed group: a) S~l: b) Komil5 pil5 s~l: c) Komil5 pil5 s~l og blessul5:
~ 1!3
Men: a) S~lir.' b) Komil5 pil5 s~lir~ c) Komil5 pil5 s~lir og blessal5ir~
~ rD
Women: a) S~lar: b) Komil5 pil5 s~lar: c) Komil5 pil5 s~lar og blessal5ar:
A mixed group: a) S~l~ b) Veril5 pil5 s~l: c) Veril5 pil5 blessul5 og s~l:
~ I I
IS" 1
13.
I
1. Mat5ur.
M
6. Bor~.
2. Kona.
7. Er petta mat5ur ?
Petta er kona.
Nei, petta er ekki
Er petta kona?
mat5ur.
Petta er kona.
3. Barn .
/I
Petta er barn. 1
@ 8. Petta er stoll.
...0--.
Er petta barn?
Hvat5 er petta?
~. II 5U;C)\ .
Ja, petta er barn.
pat5 er stoll.
•
4. Bok.
~
Petta er bok.
Er petta bok?
iii
5. Mynd.
; ~at5 er hestur.
Petta er mynd.
Hvat5 er petta?
Petta er mynd,
A. NOTES: Petta (N): this - er (v. vera): is ~ mat5ur (M): a man - ja: yes.
kona (F): a woman - barn (N): a child - bok (F): a book - mynd (F):
a picture - hvat5 (N): what - bort5 (N): a table - nei: no - ekki: not
stoll (M): a chair - pat5 (N): it - hestur (M): a horse - numer (N):
number - spurning, spurningar (F): question, questions
ii i C. AD TELJA ( to count):
1 einn - 2 tveir - 3 pri'r - 4 fjorir - 5 fimm - 6 sex - 7 sjo - 8 atta
Ii 9 nlu - 10 tlu (M).
?
1.
2.
3.
4.
-
? Hver - hann
P etta er Einar.
Einar er (slendingur.
Petta er Ca1um.
Ca1um er Skoti.
(Who - he)
5. Er Einar Skoti?
J
7. Er Ca1um Skoti?
II 9. Er Ca1um (slendingur?
~. .-- 11.
12.
Hvats er Ca1um?
Hann er Skoti.
•...... 14.
15.
Nei, petta er ekki Einar .
Hver er petta?
~ .
19. Hver er petta?
~. ~
24. Hann skrifar bok
--'
25. Hvats gerir Ca1um?
.1 - hver: who - gerir (v. gera): does - skrifar ( v. skrifa): writes - teiknar
( v. teikna): draws
,I
Litiff Ij6ff. Notes: Liti3 Ij6ff (N): a little poem
S61 uti S61 (F): .sun uti: outside
S61 inni inni: inside hjarta (N): heart
Sol i hjarta
S61 i sinni
sinni (N): mind bara: just
S61
Bara s61!
I
I
15.
I
tOr - also _'Eke - of course)
~
I
I I'
2. BlYantur. HvaCS er petta? .Petta er blYantur. .~
~!
~.
I
I ..
3. Tafla. HvaCS er petta? .Petta er tafla.
Er petta tafla? Ja, pacs er tafla.
I
Er petta blyantur eCSa tafla? .paCS er tafla.
~' !
Er petta bIll? Ja, pacs er bill.
Er petta bIll eCSa batur? .Petta er bIll.
~
--
- I
5. Batur. HvaCS er petta? Petta er batur.
~.
I
I
Er petta batur? Ja, pacs er batur.
Er petta bIll? Nei, petta er ekki bill. ... -
-- -- ".--
"-'-
• •
15 a
.1
A common negation:
Ao endurtaka: to repeat
Aff segja aftur: to say again (repeat)
Aff sja: to see aff sjast: to see each other
Aff hitta: to meet aff hittast: to meet each other
Aff halda afram: to go on aff hretta: to stop
Aff taka viff: to take over
Aff klara: to finish aff klarast: to be finished, get done
I>etta herna (this here) og petta parna (that there) is the
normal way to differentiate between "this and that" in
Icelandic.
16.
~
Lt Sognin og: oroio "}:n:i ft • ( The verb and the word "you It) .
~.
I U
I
I 13. Ao taka (to take) . Tak pu: taktu.
.....J
~.
I
I
14.
15.
M vera (to be) .
Ao vera (to be) .
Ertu:
Vertu :
aJ;e you?
be.
A. Simple Sentences:
II
17.
.)
AD SPYRJA OG AD SVARA
SAMTAL (A conversation)
SPURNINGAR (questions):
1. Hva(j er eg a(j gera? 8. ErEinarnemandi?
2. Hva(j ert pu a(j gera? 9. Hva(j er Calum?
3. Hva(j er Einar a() gera? 10. Er Ca1wn herna inni nu.na?
4. Hva(j er Calwn a(j gera? 11. Hva(j er Einar a(j kenna?
5. Hvar ert pu nu.na? 12. Hva(j er Calum a(j laera?
6. Hva(j ertu? 13. En hva(j ert pu a(j laera?
7. Ertu kennari? 14. Er erfitt a(j laera Islenzku?
15. Er au(jvelt a(j svara?
NOT ES: Go(jan daginn (acc. M): good morning, good day
hvar: where - nuna: now - herna inni: in here - alveg rett:
quite right - kennari (M): a teacher - nemandi (M): student
a(j gera: doing - a(j laera: learning - a() kenna: teaching -
Islenzku (acc. F): Ic e landic - erfitt (N): difficult - au(jvelt (N).
easy - pa: then - rett (N): right - gott (N): good - satt CN)
true - takk fyrir: thank (you) for (that) - Ekkert a() pakka: don't
mention it (lit: nothing to thank for) - Spurning (F) - Spurningar
(F pI) Svar (N) Svor (N pI)
18.
Masculine words:
Petta er maC5ur ( man)
Petta er maC5ur - inn
Petta er strakur ( boy)
Petta er strakur - inn
Petta er veggur ( wall )
Petta er veggur - inn
Petta er svampur ( sponge)
Petta er svampur - inn
Petta er blyantur ( pencil)
Petta er blyantur- inn
Petta er stoll ( chair)
Petta er stoll - inn
Petta er gluggi ( window)
Petta er gluggi - nn
Petta er ls1endingur ( Icelander
Petta er lslendingur - Inn
Petta er Skoti ( Scotsman)
Petta er Skoti - nn
Petta er bIll ( car)
Petta er bnl-inn
Petta er penni ( pen)
Petta er penni - nn
Petta er batur ( boat)
Petta er batur - inn
Petta er nemandi ( student)
Petta er nemandi - nn
Petta er kennari ( teacher)
Petta er kennari - nn
PaC5 er dagur ( day)
Petta er dagur - inn
Feminine words:
Neuter words:
Petta er golf ( floor) Petta er golf - iC5
pe.bta er loft ( ceiling, air Petta er loft - iC5
Petta er borC5 ( table) Petta er borC5 - iC5
Petta e r fjall ( mountain Petta er fjall - iC5
Petta er barn ( child) Petta er barn - iC5
Petta er svar ( answer) Petta er svar - iC5
PaC5 er kvold ( evening ). paC5 er kvold - iC5
A. NOTES:
Gender: When you speak of a "masculine" word or a "feminine"
word it has nothing to do with sex. This is a grammatical convention
and has to do with the form or the ending of the word. In English
"things" are always neuter, in Icelandic they may be masculine,
feminine OR neuter, depending on the form of the word.
19.
~. I
. I
~ I I
I
A<5 skilja . (To understand).
I
7
I
I
E. Ma!i<5 sem eg tala heitir llilenzka. Eg er Islenzkur.
SkiludSu pa<5?
I r
I
C. Ja, eg skil pa<5. Pi! ert I'slendingur.
E. Alve/i rett. En pi!?
C. t~ er Skoti.
~!
E. . Ertu pa ekki nlzkur?
C. E~ skil petta ekki.
''1
I!!
I
I I
E. Pu elskar peninga.
C. Allir elska eitthva<5.
• •
E. Pi! bor<5ar ekki miki<5.
~
I
I I
C. Fullur kroppur, tomur haus.
E. Ja, en pi! bor<5ar of 11ti<5.
C. Betra er a<5 purfallti<5
en a<5 hafa miki<5 .
E. Pi! ert e kki giftur.
C. Betra. er a<5 vera ogiftur
en illa giftur.
E. Pi! ert sannur Skoti.
~. Pa<5 er alveg arei<5anlegt.
•
~
21.
It is yellow etc .
Litaou petta:
~
3. ~essi batur er grrenn.
~ 5. ~etta er hestur.
~
Hann er hvitur.
6. ~etta er st6ll .
Hann er brunn.
7. ~etta er penni.
Hann er grar.
8. ~etta er fani.
9. ~etta er hattur.
g .
.
....!......
.
10.
Hann er svartur.
~etta er kj6ll.
Hann er bleikur.
I
~ i f) At> vera to be
1 11
I A. l.
2.
( da.~ er Calum dapur. Mjo: dapur.
Hann er allara.
3. Hvat> er hann a~ laera? (lilenzku. (ace)
12. t" er at5 tala 18iel'lzku o~ pu ert llka at5 tala llilenzku.
~
15. Ja, petta er erfitt III. Mjog erfitt IlL
11 C. Spurningar:
l. Hvat> er Calum I dag?
IIi 2. Ert pu dapur?
3. Hvat> er Calum at> gera?
5. Er Einar katur?
6. Hvat> er hann pa?
7. Er hann dapur eins og Calum?
8. Hvat> er Einar at> gera?
9. Er lslenzka erfitt mal?
10. Er Einar at> loera pat> sem Calum er at> kenna?
11. Ertu at> tala lslenzku?
12. Erum vit> at> tala saman?
13. Er petta erfitt llf?
14. Er pat> mjog erfitt?
l. t~ er. r am.
2. PU ert. You are.
3. Hann, hun. pat> er He, she, it is.
4. Vit> erum. We are.
5. pit> erut>. You are .
6. peir. poer. pau eru. They (M, F, N) are.
E. NOTES: r dag: today - dapur (M) : sad - mjog: very - at> loera: learning
- erfitt (N): difficult - pat> sem: that which - veit (v. vita): know - tala
saman: talking together. to each other - llf (N): life - katur (M): happy.
gay - pa: then - eins og: as
23.
If)
Ats vera mets - Ats hafa - Ats eiga. (To have).
1. Eg hef 1. Eg a
2. Pu hefur 2. pu :itt
3. Hann, hun, pats hefur 3. Hann, hun, pats a
4. Vits hofurn 4. Vits eigum
5. pits hafits 5. pits eigits
6. Peir, paer, pau hafa &. Peir, paer, pau eiga
Noregur.
strakur.
~:
Spurningar: 1. Hva~ er Esja? 2. Hvat> er Snaefell? 3. Hvers konar
fjall er Hekla? 4. Hvat> er Mi'mir? 5. En hvat5 er Reykjavi'k?
6. Hvat5 er Noregur? 7. En Yi'nland? 8. Er Danmork land eins og
Noregur? 9. Er Island betra en Danmork? 10. Er Graenland betra
en Amerlka? 11. Er Leifur vitlaus? 12. Hvor er fat5irinn og
hvor er sonurinn?
~.
~ NOTES:
~ I.
( eld: fire) - skali (M): school - autsvitat5: of course - Ylnland (N):
Wineland - start e<5a li'ti<5 (N): large or small? - betra en: better
than - Graenland: Greenland - hvor: which ( of two).
25.
12 A5 ver5a: to become.
Spurning: Hvao er pao sem allir vilja veroa en eng inn vera?
Svar : Gamall.
27 .
ILt
Icelandic has four cases called The Nominative Case, the Accusative
Case, the Dative Case, the Genitive Case. (U.. l7, 50).
••
.....
8. gen: hverra 8. peirra (<5eirra)
C.
1. Hvat> er petta? enom) What is this?
2. Urn hvat> ertu at> tala? (acc.) What are you talking about?
3. At> hverju ertu at> leita? (dat.) What are you looking for?
4. Hvers vegna ertu her? (gen.) Why are you here? i.e. because of what?
D.
1. pat> er gott (nom) It is good.
2. Eg tala urn pat> (acc) I speak about it.
3. Eg er at5 leita at5 pVl (dat) I am looking for it.
4. Eg er her vegna pess ( gen) That's why I am here, i.e. I am here
bec ause of it.
5. pau eru parna inni (nom) They are in there.
6. Eg tala urn pau ( ac c) I speak about them.
7. Eg leita at5 peim (dat ) I look for them.
8. Eg kern til peirra (gen) I corne to them.
II
E. Why - Because:
-. II
beginning with p are pronounced like TH in "thought" at the
beginning of sentences or when stressed, otherwise like TH
in "the".
29.
15
• Spurningar: 1. Er gott at5 hafa nag at5 gera? 2. Er gott et5a vont at5
vinna of litit5, 3. Er gott at5 vinna of mikit5? 4. Hvernig er at5 vinna
matulega mikit5? 5. Er aut5velt at5 spyrja? 6. Er oft e;fitt at5 svara?
7. Er pat5 pat5 sarna at5 vilja og geta? 8. Hvenrer er gott at5 bort5a?
9. Hvenrer er gott at5 dre kka? 10. Er gott at5 bort5a of mikit5? 11. Er
(:' gott at5 drekka of mikit5? 12. Er aut5velt at5 sitja kyrr? 13. Er aut5velt
at5 vinna of lengi? 14. Er aut5velt at> gera ekkert? .
..
'
I.--. NOTES: nog: enough - v~nt, gott (N): bad, good - vinna: work - of: too
litit5, mikit5 (N): little, much - aut5velt, erfitt (N): easy, difficult - spyrja,
..., svara: ask, answer - pat5 el' ekki: it is not - pat5 sama: the same - at5 vilja
•....
J I I. og geta: to want to and to be able to - bort5a, drekka: eat, drink - pegar:
when - hvenrer: when? - mat5ur: one - svangur, pyrstur (M): hungry, thirsty
alls ekki: not at all - beinl1nis hrettu1egt (N): directly dangerous - sitja kyrr:
I
• ~
sit still - standa: stand - yfirleitt: generally - lengi: long - ekkert (N):
nothing
30.
Oroaforoi. (Vocabulary).
If.
l. ~ao er gott ao vera ungur og astfanginn,
2. og pao er oft gott ao elska og vera til.
3. En lifio er stundum erfitt.
4. ~ao er alIt of stutt,
5. og pao er ekki nrerri alltaf skemmtilegt.
6. Stundum er pao beinlinis leioinlegt.
7. Hya{5 .e r liU6?
8. Ao hugsa, ottast og finna til.
9. Svona er pao einfalt.
10. Ao koma og fara,
ll. ao freaast, ao vaxa, ao lifa
12. ao elska og pjast -
og sioan deyja.
13. ~ao er allt og sumt. ~dJ l':l jo1f ..b-.~ UMJ"'"
,
14. En pao er fjandi gaman stundum.
j a.5I-fClA<.s~·
15. ~ao er gott ao vera friskur,
i- 16. en pao er vont ao vera veikur.
17. ~ao er leioinlegt ao vera of mikio einn,
18. en skemmtilegt ao tala via gott folk.
19. Hvao er lifio?
20. Eg veit pao ekki. ~ao veit vist enginn.
IU
I II
NOTES: Ungur og astfanginn (M): young and in love ( l i t . love
captured)- elslea: love - Note well: ao vera: to be - ao vera til:
to exist - lifio (N): life - alIt of: far too - stutt, langt (N):
short, long - skemmtil e gt, leioinlegt (N): pleasant, unpleasant
hugsa: think - ott~st: fear - Note well: ao finna: to find
ao finna ~il: to feel (pain) - svona: so - einfalt (N): simple
koma, fara : come, go - frei3<lst: be bln'n - vaxa: grow - lifa: live
pjist: suffer - sionn: then - deyja: die - baa er alIt og sumt:
that's all (and some) - fjandi gaman (N): devilish fun - stUl:dum:
sometimes - friskur, veikur: in good health, ill - einn: alone,
one - veit (v. vita) : know - flokio (N): complicated -
Masc: ungur og astfanginn .
Fem: ung og astfangin
Neut: ungt og astfangio (folk: people).
When speaking in the abstract: IT IS GOOD TO BE etc. you use
the masculine form.
]
~ .
I 31.
17
Foll - fraITlsoguhattur sagnarinnar.
~. I
~ ..I strakinn og hestinn (ace).
.I
stunduITl burt fra hundinuITl og straknuITl (dat).
~: ,.
;~ .III. A Sl,)Urningar: 1. Ser(5u ITlynd? 2. Af hverju er ITlyndin? 3. Hvati
a
[ I! sertiu ITlyndinni? 4. Sertiu bae(5i hestinn og strakinn? 5. Er
he sturinn lslenzkur etia danskur? 6. En strakurinn? 7. Hvar
stendur strakurinn? 8. Hvar stendur he sturinn? 9. Er petta
II
II
fallegur etia Ijotur hestur? 10. Er strakurinn fallegur?
11. Ser(5u ITlynd af hundi? 12. Er petta fallegur e(5a Ijotur hundur?
13. Hvernig er hann a litinn? 14. Er hundurinn vitur? 15. UITl hva(5
[ I! e r hann ati hugs a ? 16. Hugsar pu ITlikiti UITl lslenzka ITlalfraet5i?
17. Hvert hleypur h und urinn stunduITl? 18. Hvert hleypur he sturinn ?
I 19. UITl hva(5 ert pu a(5 hugsa nuna? 20. En hundurinn?
I
....
CASES: Icelandic has four cases. The same noun may have
[ ! four different forms in singular and plural, eight altogether.
The cases depend upon the function of the word in the sentence .
I Generally speaking, word order and prepositions in English
have replaced our case-syste~.
The NOMINATIVE is the case of the subject, he who does,that
which is. The undeclined word to which everything in the
sentence refers.
I~
The ACCUSATIVE is normally the goal or the object of the
action, the person or thing to which rhc action is aimed.
1
The DATIVE is often the indirect object of verbs and can stand
B. Notes: Heatur (M) : horile - iltrikur (M) : boy - Ijer~ (v. sja.) : aee
fallecur (M) : beautiful - situr (v. sitja) : sits - hugilar (v. hu,aa) :
til straksins : to the boy - burt fra : away from - sezt (v. setjalit)
I.
C.
frile~i (F ac c) : Ic elandic !;rammar.
.-..... D. Verbs: A~ sja (see), standa (stand)' sitja (sit), hugsa (think)
~ • setjast (sit down), hlaupa (run)
1. Eg se stend sit hugsa sezt
u
2. pu ser~ stendur situr hugsar sezt
hann, hun, - pa~ ser
~ 3. stendur situr hugsar sezt
4. vit5 sjaum stondwn sitjum hugsum setjumst
5. pi~ sjai~ standit5 sitjit5 hugsi~ setjizt
6. peir, peer, pau sja standa sitja hugsa setjast
III
FoIl. Per sonufornofn (Cases. Personal Pronouns ).
•
1. Egerherinni. 2. Puertlikaherinni. 3. Vit5erulTIherbat5ir.
4. Eg se pig. 5. Pu sert5 lTIig. 6. Eg tala vit5 pig. 7. Pu talar
vit5 lTIig. 8. Pat5 situr enginn hja per. 9. pat5 situr enginn hja lTIer.
10. Pu ert einn og eg er einn. 11. Vit5 erUlTI her einir. 12. Pu
situr fyrir framan lTIig og eg sit fyrir framan pig. 13. Veg~urinn er
fyrir aftan pig. 14. Hvat5 er fyrir aftan mi2? 15. Nu 5tend eg upp.
16. Eg stend fyrir framan pig. 17. Nu kelTI eg til pIn. 18. Nu stend
eg hja per. 19. Nu fer eg fra per aftur. 20. Stattu upp. 21. Nu
stendur pu fyrir fralTIan lTIig . 22. KOlTIdu til mIn~ 23. Svona . Nu
stendur pu hja lTIer. 24. Seztu nu aftur. Svona. 25. Eg liezt lika.
Svona. 26 . Eg se pig og pu sert5 lTIig. 27 . Petta er gott. Alveg
agaett.
.. I
34.
A. l. (nom) :f;g pu
2. (ace) mig pig (5ig)
3. (dat) mer per (5er)
4. (gen) min pin (~in)
5. (nom) (pI) Vi5 pi5
6. (ace) okkur ykkur
7. (dat) " okkur ykkur
8. (~en) " okkar ykkar
I
D. !slenzk visa:
~, Tungli5, tungli5 taktu mig
og ber5u mig upp til skyja
~!
par situr hun m65ir min
og kembir ull nYja.
I~ E . Onnur visa:
, ~ar sem eng inn pekkir mann
I • par er gott a5 vera
35.
.-. 19
Einfold malfraet5i ( Simple Grammar).
Iii
I am doing something.
1. Eg er at5 vakna. I
1. a.m waking up.
2. Eg er at5 kbet5a mig. I
2. am dreill;ing (myself).
3. Eg er at5 pvo mer. 3. I am washing ( mYilelf).
4. Eg er al5 bur /ita tennurnar. 4. I am brushing my teeth.
5. Eg er al5 skemmta mer. 5. I am enjoying myself.
6. Eg er at5 drekka. 6. I am drinking ( spirit s or coffee) .
:-c 7. Eg er at5 fara. ut. 7. I am ~oin, out.
8. Eg er at5 flyta mer. 8. I am in a hurry.
9. E~ er at5 fara I vinnuna. 9. I am going to my' work.
lO. Eg er at5 laera lslenzku. 10. I am learning Icelandic.
!i!
lam - I was - I have been.
I
-. 6. Eg
7. Eg
hef lesit5 bokina at5ur.
hef verit5 heima I dag.
6. I have read the book before.
Iii
L II
I I
f&t-1r ~
~~.,..".~
' ) l7tl.o' hb.
36.
A. NOT ES: A ro you have seen you do not uroe the pre roent participle for
denoting roomething you A'RE DOING in Icelandic. You use the
infinitive of the verb. Note that different verbs take different cases.
These you murot learn by heart.
In Engliroh you roay: I am brushing MY teeth. In Icelandic
you say: I am brushing THE teeth. Engliroh: I am ~oing to MY work.
Icelandic: 1 am going to THE work.
[
B. Spurnin:ar:
1. Ertu at> vakna?
2. Ertu at> klaet>a pig?
3. Ertu il.t> pvo per?
4. Er eg at> bursta tennurnil.r?
5. Ertu at> skemmta per?
6. Ertuat> drekka?
7. Ertu ai5 fara ut?
8. Hver er ai5 fara ut?
9. Er eg at> flyta mer?
10. Ertu ai5 fara I vinnuna ?
11. Hvai5 ertu ai5 gera?
E 12. Varstuherlgaer?
13. Varstu her I fyrradag?
14. Varstu her urn daginn?
15. Ertuheroft?
16. Hefurt>u lesit> pessa bok ai5ur?
17. Hefuri5u verii5 1 Kina?
18. Hefurt>u verit> heima 1 dag?
19. Hef eg talai5 mikii5 I dag?
20. Hefurt>u oft verit> veikur?
The word buinn (M), buin (F), bui3 (N) has baffled many
foreigners. It can mean "ready", but usually means something
that is finished, something which is over, has been done. It
is frequently used when English uses I HAVE DONE etc. Normal
pronunciation: at the end of a sentence you give each vowel i~s
value. Within a sentence the construction sounds as follows:
1. Ertu bu(in)n a(3) bor3a? Bu(in)n a(5) fa kvef. Bu(i)3 a(3)
al
£g by her - pu byr3 par (I live her~ - you live there).
Try finishing this in all persons (I, you, he, she, it, we, you,
•• they): Eg by til matinn (acc): I make (prepare) the food .
I
I
38.
I•
I
~ I
I
~ I
I 21
~
~
Gunnar og Hallger(5ur.
har.
39.
A. NOTES:
~g hef veri3, I have been.
B. Hetja (F): hero - sitt har (N): long hair - fraegur (M): famous
niu hundrut5 ar (N pI): 900 years - jafn lengi : same length
( of time) - vinsael (F): popular - bondi (M): farmer. master
husmot5ir (F): housewife. mistress - sarna stat5 (M dat): same
place - at5 visu: truth to tell - daut5ur (M): dead - samt: however
lifir ( v. lifa): live s - rna segja: may be said ( rna v. mega)
po at5: although - drepit5 (v. drepa): killed - marga menn (M ace):
many men - eiginmenn: husbands ( lit. own men) - resk (F): vital,
brisk - segir ( v. segja): says - rett (N): right - stela mat (dat):
steal food - erfitt (N): difficult - eiga svona konu (ace): have such
a wife - got5ur (M): good - aldrei: never - stolinn mat (ace): stolen
food - anaegt5ur (M): happy - sjaldan sammala: seldom agree
sagan lifir: the story lives - mikil ahrif (N pI): much influence
morg (N pI): many - allir hafa lesit5: all ( people) have read
pekkja: know - fair (M pI): few - got5 hugmynd (F): good idea
Note: hun er daut5 : she is dead - po at5 hun S:t daut5: although she
BE dead ( present subjunctive). Lifandi: alive.
I 40.
•
I•
I
I
~
--
??
Eignadornofn (Posessive Pronouns) ( see Unit 70)
~ •
~
Petta er bok. I::>etta er bokin mIn.
I hennar.
•
I
•
I
g Penninn hans Jim er blar.
Blyanturinn hennar Inger er gulur.
Petta er penni. Eg a hann. Petta er penninn minn.
Petta er blYantur. Pu att hann. Petta er blyanturinn pinn.
Penninn minn er rauour.
~
• I
I Petta er ur. Pu att pat. Petta er urit pitt.
I.
•
I
t 12. Allt pryoilegt, takk. ( really good
~ k'~~ Fr "jJ. 7
~
I
14. Eg hef pao gott. ( good )
l.U6.:
15. Ekki allt of gott. (not too good &w. u~,L<-?
16. Svona saemilegt. ( so and so )
17. o. agaett. ( oh, fine )
18. Eg hef pao pryCSilegt, pakka per fyrir. (fine and dandy, thanks)
NOT ES: A ti lloa lit. means to pas s. Mer 11tur vel: lit. me pas seth well.
Sossum: so and so, well, well - gaman (N): fun - heyra: hear - elskan (F):
dear - bolv;:.nlega: damnedly - er pati?: really - petta lagaet: it will get
better, 1 'll be OK.
'12.
---- ==----~,~-
.- ----
. ~--
D N OTES : langer til (v. ao langa til ) : v:'a nts, would like to
k anll ( v . k.unn a): kn ow - don sku (ace): Daniell - ",n s ku: English
lit io (N ): s m all - a pVl: on it - kennsluc6k (Y); textbco k - les
( v . Ie sa): r e ads - sk r i far (v . skrifa): writp.s - heldur ekki: not
either - heima: at h ome - hj alpar ( v. h j alpa): hel p s - 1 stal5inn
(M ace): i n st ead - hi n.gao: (to) h er e - til pess ao: in order to
mal (N): l anguage.
~.)
Hafut5it5 (N) - Hausinn (M-L (the lJead) Andlitiff (N) (The Face)
1. Harit5 (N)
(The hair
2. Augat5 (N)
(The eye)
~
G>AA.~r:J,.
3. Ennit5 (N)
(The forhead) ~
~
II 4. Nefit5 (N)
(The nose)
~ II I
5. Eyrat5 (N) .
~. (The ear)
II I
£]--&
6. Munnurinn (M)
(The mouth)
~
7. Halsinn (M)
(The neck, throat)
~ €~~riiJ. ~-
II
8. Hnakkinn (M)
(Neck, back of head) ,
~\Sl"'''''
9. Lfkaminn (M)
, --
(The body) .
10. Kinnin(F)
(The cheek)
~ ~ 't'On",j"
. (The tooth)
B. Plural: 1. Har - meira har. 2. Eitt auga - tva augu. 3. Eitt enni
prju enni. 4. Eitt nef - fjagur nef. 5. Eitt eyra - fimm eyru.
Masculine:
n. einn tveir prIr fjorir
a. einn tvo prja fjora
d. einum tveim{ur) prem fjorum
g. eins tveggja priggja fjogurra
Feminine:
n. ein tvaer prjar fjorar
a. eina tvaer prjar fjorar
d. einni tveim{ur) prem{ur) fjorum
g. einnar tveggja priggja fjogurra
Neuter
n. e itt tva prju fjagur
a. eitt tva prju fjogur
d. einu tveim{ur) prem{ur) fjorum
g. eins tveggja priggja fjogurra
!~
24 (dat) tuttugu og fjorum, fjorurn, fjorurn etc.
F. VIsa:
I
I
Kysstu mig einn og kysstu mig tva
kysstu mig prja og fjora
I
I I
kysstu mig fimm og kysstu mig sex
og hafl5u pa alIa stora.
I
I G. Notes: Mikitl, lltil5 (N): much, little - stort, lltil5 (N): big, little
I
I
hatt, lagt (N): high, low - langur, stuttur (M): long, short
fyrir ofan , fyrir nel5an: above, below - kysstu (v. kyssa): kiss
pa alla stora (acc pI ): them all big.
I
45.
?f·)
.,
A. Samtal (N). (A Conversation). Heilsan (F). (Health).
C. Ja - Ju.
D. Notes:
~innstu .(v. minnast): mention - er a15 (v. a15 vera a(5): is the matter _
a a15 segJa (v. a15 eiga a(5): am to say, should say -lasinn (M): ill _
maginn (M): the stomack - eins og vanalega: as usual - auminginn (M):
poor wretch - ekki andskotalaust: not without the Devil i. e. bad _
djoful (M acc): devil - draga:pull - hver (M) each - pa15 rna nu segja :
you can say that again - sjaumst seinna ( v. sjast): see you later _
vona pa15:hope so - golf(N): floor - hur15 (F): door - vitanlega: of
course - frlskur (M): in good health - Bandarlkjama15ur (M): lit.
United States-man, i. e. American - satt (N): true - ljuga: lying
nema: except - rna til (v. a15 mega til): forced to.
27
Talart5u Islenzku? (Do you speak Icelandic?)
. .) French or Spanish?)
NOTES: Nu ort5it5 (v. vert5a): it has now become that way - oskop: lit. chaos,
used for stress - Note: Eg fer fram: I go forth (out) - mer fer fram : I make
progress - at5 bera fram: to pronounce - pyzka (F), enska (F), franska (F) ,
spanska (F) - held (v. halda) - framburt5ur (M) pyt5ing (F).
Spurningar: 1. Talar8u islenzku? ensku? pyzku? Ironsku ? sponsku ? (a cc).
2. Skilurt5u ensku? 3. Fer per fram? 4. Hvat5a mal talart5u? 5. Er ntkkur
her sem talar klnversku (Chinese)? 6. Skilurt5u mig ef eg tala mjog hratt?
7. A eg at5 tala haegar? 8. Skilurt5u allt sem eg segi ? 9. Tala e g ogreinilega?
10. Hvernig talart5u lslenzku?
I
47.
211
Spurning: Svar:
9. Langar pig til atl lrera hana? J a, mig Ian gar til pe s s.
Lysingaroro (Adjectives):
/
~ra.
48.
Eg hef tlU fingur. J:>u hefur llka tlU fingur. Allir ITlenn hafa
tlu fingur neITla Englendingar. J:>eir hafa atieins atta fingur.
En p e ir hafa llka tvo pUITlalfingur.
Matiurinn a ITlyndinni er ITleti stort nef.
Hann hefur tva augu og tvti eyru.
Hann s e r ITleti augunUITl og hann heyrir
ITleti eyrunuITl. Hann finnur lykt ITleti nefinu,
og hann talar og bortiar ITleti ITlunninuITl.
A par hafa tuttugu fingur. J:>ati er af pVl ati
peir hafa fjorar hendur. Apar 1 enskuITlaelandi
landuITl hafa po autivitati atie ins sextan fingur.
En peir hafa fjora pUITlalfingur ati auki.
A.
Spurningar: 1. Hvati hefurtiu ITlarga fingur? 2.. Hafa allir ITlenn tlU
fingur ? 3. Hvati hafa Englendingar ITlarga fingur? 4. Er ITlatiurinn
a ITlyndinni ITleti stort nef? 5. Hvati hafiti piti ITlorg eyru? 6. Hvati
hafiti piti ITlorg augu? 7. Sertiu ITleti eyrunUITl? 8. Heyrirtiu ITleti
augunUITl? 9. Hvati finnirtiu ITleti nefinu? 10. Hvati gerirtiu ITleti
ITlunninuITl ?
B. Tvaer vlsur: c.
J:>ati er leikur ati laera Sigga litla systir ITlln
leikur sa er ITler kaer situr uti 1 gotu
vita ITleira og ITleira er ati ITljolka ana sln'
ITleir { dag en 1 gaer. 1 ofurlitla fotu.
(Gutijon Gutijons son)
·I
• 49.
I•
:J()
Nafnori'S. Beygingar. (Nouns. Declensions.)
Pessi kona a mann. Hun a ~aei'Si mann og barn. Hun stendur hja manninum
og hun he1dur a barninu. Hun er kona mannsins og moi'Sir barnsins. HUn
heitir porbjorg.
A myndinni eru eiri kona, einn mai'Sur og eitt barn. Bulinn er ekki a
myndinni. Mai'Surinn og konan eru hjon.
frl (v. ai'S eiga fri' (N) ): lit. to own a free ,time, i.e. hav~}ime off
sest ekki (v. sjast): is not to be seen - nyr (M): new - hJon (N pI):
married couple.
50.
•.)?
,.,.., Sta6urinn (M). (Place) . (Atviksor6: Adverbs).
i-
I
Nr. 9 FRAMMI is hard to translate. It denotes" in front",
but is used more or less like "out there", usually inside a
I house but outside the room, i.e. "hann er frammi" means "he
is out there" but still inside the house.
I
I.
1
I
·I 51a.
•
I• NOTES; A eftir: afterwards - kalt (N): cold - (mig) langar:
I want to - komstu: came you - nokkur (M): anyone - kuldi (M):
cold - stofa (F): sitting room - himinn (M): heaven - fer3
(v. fara): go - seinna: later - jor3in (F): the earth
margir (M pI): many.
~ .II 54.
•
I
•
I
•
I
•
I
•
.~
t~t)
I •
-II
·I 55.
-
,
•
I c. AD VITA, KUNNA, GETA, SKILJA. {To know, know how, be able to,
Usual colloquial pronunciation: understand}.
t;g veit pat5. {Eg veitt5a} Eg veit pat5 ekki. {Eg veittlakji}
D. Petta Ijot5 Ie s Por lakur fyrir Por bjor gu. Pat5 er astarljotl eftir
Vatnsenda-Rosu:
A ugun znIn og augun pIn
0, pa fogru steina:
Samtal.
NOTES: heyrt talati urn: heard talked about - heyrt getiti: heard
mentioned - gjori per svo vel: please - sagtii: said - svoleitiis: I see
pytiir (v. pytia): means - held pati (v. halda): think so - heldur: rather
haegt, hratt: slow, fast - ef per vilduti (v. vilja): if you would
motiurmal (N): mother tongue - nykomin fra: just arrived from
{talska (F): Italian - kann vel viti (v. ati kunna viti): like - hattinn (M acc):
hat - keypti (v. kaupa): bought - autiseti: obvious - vona: hope.
AD SEGJA. PAST TENSE:
7. sagtii 8. sagtiir 9. sagtii 10. Bogtium 11. sogtiuti 12. sogtiu
Ii
57.
NOTES: Hins vegar: on the other hand - ITlalutl (F): painted - 11till (M):
sITlall - dyr (M): expensive - gotlur (M): good - ritvelin (F): the typewriter
skrifbortlitl (N): the desk - saITlt: however - slITlinn (M): the telephone
heiITla: at hOITle - ohreint: dirty - hreint: clean - stor: big
1. SIITli 2. slITla 3. slITla 4. slITla 5 .S.IITlar 6. slITla 7. SIITlUITI 8. slITla
58 .
•
A ti spyr ja til vegar· (M gen) Finding your way .
•
I A. Afsakiti, Hvar retli Hotel Saga se?
B. Hun er 1 Vesturbrenwn, rett hja HaskOlanum.
A. .lEtli pati se langt?
B. Nei, ekkert mjog langt. Svona korter s gangur.
A. Er nokkurt annati hotel nrer?
B. Ja, ja, pati er annati hotel herna rett hja.
A. Hvati heitir pati, meti leyfi?
B. pati heitir Hotel Bor g.
A. .lEtli eg geti gengiti pangati?
B. pati er enginn vandi.
A. Hvati retli pati se langt?
B. pati er he rna rett fyrir horniti.
I A. .IE, skelfing er eg feginn. Pakka ytiur fyrir.
I, B. Pati var ekkert.
I
I
I
Jon er rlkastur. En hver er fataekastur? Gutsmundur
~!
mikits .
~!
.II
.
6. Ert pu rlkari en Rockefeller? 7. Langar pig til ats vera rlkur?
8. Er gaman ats vera fataekur? 9. Attu peninga lvasanum?
I I
NOTES: Rlkur (M)~ rich - peningum (M pI dat): money - fataekur (M):
I I
poor - e ins ... og: as ... as - buts (F): shop - borgartsu (v. borga): you
I I
Nom: Peningar - acc: peninga - dat: peningum - gen: peninga (plural).
1 . Krona - 2. kronu - 3. kronu - 4. kronu - 5. kronur _ 6. kronur
I I
7. kronum - 8. krona.
R{kur - r{kari - rlkastur (M).
I l
Rik - rikari - rikust (F).
f
• Fataekur - fatookari - fataekastur (M) .
I
I
For comparison see U 87.
I
J
I
60.
I,
I. 0
. ~.
0
01; 0 L·o
0
0
•
l
0
0 0
\' 0
• 0 • o • 0 0 • 0 •
1- ~ 3 ~ 5
5
• 0
·~..
,
•
~
•
•
•
0
0 •
•
0 0·)
•
• 0
0
0 ()
r
0
~:
0
•
•
0 ,:
•
. .
0
o
0
1- S ~ 10
I.
I'
c. NOTES: HANA VANTAR is an impersonal verb, like saying
HER want instead of SHE wants etc. (U47).
I
I I
At5 fara a faetur: to get up - at5 fara at5 sofa: to go to sleep
( fotur pI. faetur: a foot, feet) - hadegi (N): noon - TfMINN
is used for "Ie s son" as well as an hour. - byr ja/ enda:
1
I
begin/ end.
1;;11
1=
61.
13. Eitt egg - tva egg (N) 13. One egg - two eggs.
Lt2
1. .t>ati sem folk drekkur og reykir What people drink and smoke. (nom.)
Is (M): icecream.
63.
l. r buti. In a shop.
These are the m.ost com.m.on phrases when you go shopping. Learn them.
by heart. Now let's go into indirect speech.
2.
A. piti hafiti Vlst e kki slgarettur? B. Ju, Hvatia tegund vilduti per fa?
A. pati er alveg sam.a. B. Til daem.is Pleyers?
A. J a. pati vaeri agaett. B. Gjoriti pe r svo vel. Vantar ytiur
nokkuti fleira ?
A. Kannske eg fai eldspytur
llka. B. Ja. Gjoriti per svo vel. Ekkert fleira?
A. Nei. petta er agaett B. Sa3lir.
V e riti pe r saelir.
There are two words for "more" in Icelandic. The word "much"
is "miki8". If you wish to say "more pencils" you say "fleiri
blYantar". If you wish to say "more coffee" you say "meira
kaffi" . The word "fleiri" thus means a greater number. the
word "meira" just means more of a given quantity.
f
64.
gl
Kennarinn:
8. Hvat>a Inal talart>u? 8. Eg tala PYzku.
9. Ertu at> tala pyzku nuna? 9. Nei.
10 . Hvat>a Inal ertu at> tala? 10. Eg er at> tala Islenzku.
11. Talart>u oft Islenzku? 11. Nei, bara stunduIn.
12. Hvenaer talart>u lalenzku? 12. pegar eg er I skolanuzn.
13. Af hverju talart>u ekki
pyzku herna ? -- 13. Af pVI at> eg er e kki at> laera
pYzku.
14. Hvat> gerirt>u a daginn? 14. Eg vinn a daginn.
15. Ertu at> vinna? 15. Nei, eg er at> skeInInta Iner.
16. Hvat>gerieg? 16. Pu kennir.
17. Er egat> kenna? 17. Ja, pu ert at> vinna.
Now here is a simple rule: You always WANT, - and whether you
like it or not, you are always going to get - an ACCUSATIVE:
Even if you ASK FOR something, you will always ask for an
accusative: "Can 1 have some fish" becomes "Get eg fengiti fisk"
NOT "Get eg fengiti fiskUR". The word in the dictionary is "fiskur"
but that is the NOMINATIVE CASE, which means, that if you ask
for''fiskUR'' you are making a capital mistake. If "fiskur" is used
in the sentence it must be ~ he DOER, in this case the one who ASKS,
not what you ASK FOR. No amount of entreating can change these
facts. So, what about the ACCUSATIVE in Icelandic?
You WANT it, you LOVE it, you HATE it, you SPEAK to it, you
BEAT it, you ENTREAT it, you LOOK AT it, you PERSUADE it,
you CAJOLE it, you ASK FOR it, you FIND it, you STARE AT it,
and, if you work hard, you are going to GET it.
ov~J .
65 a.
eiga hann,
en astina sina
eiga hann.
Davi3 Stefinsson
Lit;
Gagnlegar setningar (F plur.) Useful sentences.
eg reikninginn.
11. Hva15 bor15ar15u a morgnana? 11. What do you eat (have) in the
morning?
12. Ri sta15 brau15, smjor og
marmela15i. 12. Toast, butter and marmelade.
13. En 1 hadeginu? (dat) 13. How about noon?
14. pa bor15a eg supu, en sjaldan 14. Then I have soup, but seldom
fisk . fish.
15. Eg viI heldur kjot. 15. I prefer meat.
16. Bro15ir minn bor15ar oft 16. My brother often has icecream
lS og avexti. and fruit.
17. pa15 er ekki gott a15 bor15a 17. It is not good to eat potatoes.
kartoflur.
18. Ma15ur fitnar. 18. One gets fat.
L.l7
Instead of saying "I want", "I dream" etc. you sometimes say
the equivalent of "Me want", "Me dream" etc. This is an old idiom
like "me thinks" in medieval English. In such cases the verb is
referred to as an "impersonal" verb, i.e. it does not change when
conjugated.
.. Fleirtala • (Plural) .
( skolanum eru baet5i menn og konur. Her eru llka born, en pau eru ekki
at5 laera lslenzku. pau eru at5 laera ensku. Strakarnir eru oft duglegir,
og pat5 eru stelpurnar llka. Fullort5na folkit5 er her a kvoldin. Bornin
eru her a daginn. Strakarnir telja stundum bort5in og stolana a ensku.
pat5 er af pVI at5 peir eru at5 laera ensku. peir tala aut5vitat5 ekki lslenzku
her. Otlendingarnir telja veggina og myndirnar, en peir telja a lslenzku,
af pVI at5 peir eru at5 laera pat5 mal. A pessu herbergi eru tvaer hurt5ir.
Hins vegar er her bara eitt golf og eitt loft. Her er ein tafla. En baekurnar
eru margar. Skolinn hefur tvo sIrna, en I husinu eru alls tlu slmar. Oti
a gotunni eru margir bllar. Bllarnir aka fram hja husinu. Gegnurn gluggana
sjaum vit5 skipin I hofninni og fjollin I fjarska. Fjollin eru falleg, pegar
solin skIn. pat5 er skemmtilegt at5 sja skipin sigla a sjonum. Margir fet5ur
barnanna eru sjomenn. Maet5urnar blt5a eftir peim, pegar peir eru a sjonurn.
Paer blt5a llka eftir bornunurn, pegar pau eru I skolanurn. Af pessu getur
mat5ur set5 at5 konan er miklu aet5ri vera en mat5urinn. .
(Prepositions) .
NOTES: a: on - undir: under - 1: in, into - vit5: at, to - fyrir ofan: above
til: to - fra: from - at5: to - urn: about - ofan a: on top of - a milli: between
fyrir framan: in front of - fyrir aftan: behind - met5: with - hja: with, by
fyrir net5an: underneath - faturinn (M): the foot, leg - korfunni (F dat): the basket
1 tlmanum (Mdat): during the lesson - yfirleitt: generally - vanalega: usually.
steers the others. Some prepositions always take the same case with them,
Always GEN: TIL, AN, MILLI, AUK, MEDAL, VEGNA, INNAN, UTAN,
OFAN, NEDAN.
71.
51
(Siggi's porridge)
NOTES: Fyrirtaks: excellent - kokkur (M): cook - Note well: ati bua:
to live, dwell - ati bua til: to ITlake - grautur {M}: porridge - parf {v.purfa}:
en nokkur: better than any - fylgist ITleti {v. fylgjast ITleti}: follows - af ~
ahuga {M}: with interest - supu {F}: soup - po: however, though.- m<l;.gapln~
{F}: bellyache _ svolltiti: a little bit - veski {N}: wallet, bag - bJartsyn {F}.
72.
Samtal:
Hun: Hval5a mal5ur er petta? Hann: .tg veit pal5 ekki, elskan.
Hun: Hval5 er hann al5 gera fyrir
fr aman minn btl? Hann: .tg veit pal5 ekki, elskan.
Hun: Hvat5a frekja er petta.' Hann: 6gurleg frekja.
Hun: Hvernig dirfist hann al5 standa
parna . .tg sem aetla afram. Hann:.tg skil ekkert (pessu.
Hun: Hvort Yilt pu heldur fara lit Hann: .tg viI heldur fara ut og
og segja honwn al5 faera sig el5a bil5ja hann al5 faera sig.
halda fyrir mig I bremsuna?
HUn: Vertu fljotur, eg get ekki bel5il5 Hann: Ja, elskan.
her I allan dag.
Hun: Hvers konar mal5ur er petta Hann: :€g skal gera pal5, elskan,
eiginlega.' Stendur kyrr, pegar (vil5 manninn) Per skulil5
eg aetla afram.' Segl5u honum al5 fara fra. Annars komizt
skammast sin,' per ekki lifandi hel5an.
Hun: 8r hann farinn? Hann: Ja, pal5 er pessi parna,
sem hleypur svo hart.
Hun: Meiri asninn.' Kannski al5 hann
passi sig betur naest Hann: Ja, elskan.
Amma mln,
Vertu srel amma mln. Allir bilSja alS heilsa nema pabbi.
Pln Bjarg
NOTES: Amma (F) (Unit 97): grandmother - frerlSu (v. fa}: you get
brei (N): letter - baka: baking - vinna: working - ogurlega: awfully
magaplna (F acc): bellyache - stafiaa (M acc): the letters - sert:
( v. alS vera): · gamul (F): old - bilSja alS heilsa: send their
regards - bilSja: ask - dain (F): dead.
Verbs:
AIS fa: 1. fre 2. frerlS 3. frer 4. faum 5. failS 6. fa
AIS vinna: 1. vinn 2. vinnur 3. vinnur 4. vinnum 5. vinnilS 6. vinna
AIS lrera: 1. lreri 2. lrerir 3. lrerir 4. lrerum 5. lrerilS 6. lrera
A8 bi8ja: 1. bi8 2. bi8ur 3. bi8tir. 4. bi8jum 5. bi8ji8
6.biqja.
75.
Elsku afi,
PIn Bjorg
P. tg hei t i pjostolfur.
C. pjostolfur?
P. Ja, Pjostolfur, Pit5randi, Porhallur ...
C. Hvers son?
r P. porgrlmsson.
C. Fullu nafni?
P. Ja, fullunafni.
C. Hvat5 segirt5u? Heitirt5u Pjostolfur, pyt5andi, Porlakur Porsteinsson?
P. Nei, Pjostolfur, Pit5randi, Porhallur PorgrlInsson.
C. Sumir hafa bara eitt fornafn og eitt eftirnafn.
P. tg er skIrt5ur I hofut5it5 a fot5urafa mInum sem het Pjostolfur,
og mot5urommu minni sem het Porhalla.
C. En Pit5randi?
P. Pat5 var huldumat5ur sem vitjat5i nafns met5an mot5ir mIn ge kk met5 mig.
C. Var pat5 einhver sem hun pekkti?
P. Nei, en hUn port5i ekki annat5 en gera petta. Annars heft5i barnit5
ort5it5 olansbarn.
C. Hvat5 heitir konan pIn?
p. Hunheitir Pyri, Porhildur, Porgunna ..•
l C. P jot5olfsdottir?
P. Ja, hvernig vissirt5u pat5?
C. tg helt pat5 bara.
(N):
5.
1.
A l5rar
Annal5
6. al5rar
2. annal5
7. ol5rurn
3. ol5ru
8.
4.
annarra
annars
5. Onnur 6. onnur 7. ol5rurn 8. annarra
~
[ C. Nokkur: any(one), some
D. Enginn: no(body)
~
E. Hvor: which ( of two) - annarhvor: either, every second
hvor tveggja: each of two, both.
~
(M): 1. Hvor 2. hvorn 3. hvorurn 4. hvors
5. Hvorir 6. hvora 7. hvorum 8. hvorra
(F): 1. Hvor 2. hvora 3. hvorri 4. hvorrar
5. Hvorar 6. hvorar 7. hvorum 8. hvorra
1. Hvort 2. hvort 3. hvoru 4. hvors
5. Hvor 6. hvor 7. hvorum 8. hvorra
78.
I
~ 1 / Fornam. pyt5ing.
I
li[i 5f) Pronouns. A Translation.
~i people. 13. That's an entirely different car. 14. Who are you corning
from? 15. To whom (what ~ople) are you going? 16. To whom (what
I people) do you speak? 17. I ask for (spyr urn) somebody. 18. There is
someone here. 19. Are you sitting by someone? 20. Is he going to
I I I
someone? 21. He is drinking with some men. 22. Are there any
people in Denmark? 23. Don't you see any people here? 24. Do you
~I
I dance with other men? 25. Do you go out with other men? 26. Do you
often go to other ITlen? 27. Are you another man's wife? 28. I see some
men. 29. He carne to some men yesterday. 30. I spoke to another
I teacher yesterday. 31. Is there anyone in here? 32. Do you see anyone?
I
I Verbs:
K ' At5 buast vit5: 1. byst vit5 2. byst vit5 3. byst vit5 4. buwnst vit5 5 . buizt vit5
I 6. buast vit5
At5 sinna: 1. sinni 2. sinnir 3. sinnir 4. sinnum 5. sinnit5 6. sinna
At5 elska: 1. elska 2. elskar 3. elskar 4. elskurn 5. elskit5 6. elska
A t5 gleyma: 1. gleymi 2. gleymir 3.gleymir 4 .gleymum 5. gl~ymit5 6. gleyma
At5 giftast: 1. giftist 2. gistist 3. giftist 4. giftumst 5. giftizt 6. giftast
At5 sakna: 1. sakna 2. saknar 3. saknar 4. soknurn 5. saknit5 6. sakna
A t5 velja: 1. vel 2. velur 3. velur 4. veljum 5. veljit5 6. velja
At5 skila: 1. skila 2. skilar 3. skilar 4. skilum 5. skilit5 6. skila
~
/
) ,,~
Frumtolur. Raotolur.
Cardinals: one, two, three Ordinals: first, second, third
I
81.
B. Hundrat (N), pusund (N), milljon (F) are noWls, and so declined.
1. Hundrat 2. hundrat 3. hundrati 4. hundrats
5. Hundrut 6. hundrut 7. hundrutum 8. hundrata
1. PusWld 2. pusund 3. pusundi 4. pusunds
5. Pusund 6. pusWld 7. pusundum 8. pusunda
1, Milljon 2. milljon 3. milljon 4. milljonar
5. Milljonir 6. milljonir 7. milljonum 8. milljona
C. The two first Ordinal Numbers can have the following form: (strong)
Fyrstur (M), fyrst (F), fyrst (N) - Hann er fyrstur
Annar (M), onnur (F), annat (N) - Hun er onnur
D. Normally you say THE first, THE second etc. as in English. For
this purpose you use the pronoun sA ( he who, the one, the ).
Declension of sA:
(M) 1. Sa 2. pann 3. peim 4. pess 5. Peir 6. pa 7. peim 8. peirra
(F) 1. Su 2. pa 3. peirri 4. peirrar 5. paer 6. paer7. peim 8. peirra
(N) 1. Pat 2. pat 3. pv14. "pess 5. Pau 6. pau 7. peim 8. peirra
In N. you simply use the N personal pronoWl.
Eg se pann fyrsta (M).
HUn sat hja peirri pritju (F).
Petta barn er pat attunda (N).
G. In elevated speech, and in written Icela~dic you often .use 't he Article
HINN instead of sA: HINN fyrsti (M), HIN fyrsta (F), HID fyrsta (N).
See Unit 6D. HINN is also classified as a Pronoun.
(II
C Verbs:
Al5 kaupa: 1. kaupi 2. kaupir 3. kaupir 4. kaupurn 5. kaupiC5 6. kaupa
Al5 selja: 1. sel 2. selur 3. selur 4. seljum 5. seljiC5 6. selja
tl Al5 borga: 1. borga 2. borgar 3. borgar 4. borgum 5. borgil5 6. borga
Al5 verzla: 1. verzla 2. verzlar 3. verzlar 4. verzlurn 5. verzlil5
6. verzla
AC5 verzla.
(Shopping) .
I I
,4/7 17.
18.
19.
20.
pat5 er stutt og erfitt.
Petta blat5 er punnt.
Pu sert5 petta punna blat5.
Ort5abokin er pykk.
21. Pessi pykka ort5abok er raut5.
22. Laugavegurinn er rnjor.
23. Mjoi vegurinn er erfit5ur.
24. Laekjargatan er breit5.
25. Breit5a gatan er aut5veld.
26. Atlantshafit5 er breitt.
27. Pu siglir yfir hit5 breit5a haL
28. Hvor blyanturinn er langur?
29. Peir eru bat5ir langir.
30. Sa blai er langur.
31. Og sa graeni er l1ka langur.
32. Hvat5a blyantur er petta?
33. Petta er sa stutti.
34. Er hann of stuttur?
35. Ja, hann er of stuttur.
36. Er I1fit5 of langt?
37. Nei, pat5 er aUt of stutt.
NOTES: pykk: thick - punn: thin - slrnallnan (F): the telephone line
stuttur: short - langur: long - aut5veldur: easy - erfit5ur: difficult
hit5 breit5a haf: the wide ocean - reglustika (F): ruler - ort5abokin (F):
dictionary - nakvaernlega: precisely - jafn: even, as
85.
In actual fact, the forms are not 48, often the forms are similar
for many cases. But this peculiarity makes for variation in the
language.
the other), pESSI ( this, that) are used with the WEAK form of
[
'.
5. pessir 6. pessa 7. pessum 8. pessara
(F): 1. Pessi 2. pessa 3. pessari 4. pessarar
5. Pessar 6. pessar 7. pessum 8. pessara
(N): 1. Petta 2. petta 3. pessu 4. pessa
5. pessi 6. pessi 7. pessum 8. pessara
1. Einu sinni var pyzkt skald. 2. Petta pyzka skald skrifat5i urn
11tit5 blatt blOm. 3. Hvat5 s"krifat5i nu petta pyzka skald urn hit5
!itla blaa blom? 4. pat5 skrifat5i: PU ert alveg eins og 11tit5 blatt
blom. 5. En eg er eins og arfi. 6. petta var- gott skald. alvei
pryt5ilegt skald. 7. Petta got5a - et5a rettara sagt. alveg pryt5i
lega - skald. er dait5. 8. Beethoven atti brUnan frakka og
hV1ta skyrtu. 9. Bruni frakkinn hans Beethovens var of langur.
I • o~ hVlta skyrt~n hans va~ e~ki alltaf hvlt. 10. ~ee.thoven atti.
hka svarta sko og gult bmdl. 11. En svortu skornu voru ekkl alltaf
svartir og gula bindit5 var e kki alltaf gult. 12. Stundum var pat5
eins og matset5ill vikunnar. 13. A umingja Beethoven atti enga
konu. 14. PU att got5a konu og pu bort5ar alltaf got5an mat.
•• 15. Beethoven langat5i oft 1 got5a konu og got5an mat. 16. En
hann gifti sig e kki. 17. Hann matti ekki vera at5 pv1. 18. Og
hann vart5 oft at5 bort5a vondan mat. 19. En hann samdi got5a
tonlist. 20. Hin got5a tonlist Beethovens mun aldrei deyja. HUn
(iJ
er eil1f.
week - at5 mega vera at5: to have time - at5 vert5a at5: to have to
semja: compose - tonlist {F}: music - eil1f: eternal - mun deyja:
will die
At5 eiga: 7 . Atti 8 . attir ·9. atti 10. atturn 11. attuCi 12. attu
r
S7.
A:fing
Drill. Put a sheet of paper over the answers (B) and translate
A. la: I see the blue pencil. lb: i see a blue
pencil. 2a: I buy the green pencil. 2b: I
buy a green pencil. 3a: I use the red
pencil. 3b: I use a red pencil. 4a: I drive
the black car. 4b: I drive a black car. 5a:
I see the bad man. 5b: I see a bad man.
6a : I kiss the good woman._ 6b: I kiss a
good woman. 7a: I eat the good food. 7b:
I eat good food. Sa: I sit by the beautiful
woman. Sb: I sit by a beautiful woman.
9a: I see the low house. 9b: I see a low
house. lOa: I live in the tall(high) house.
lOb: I live in a tall house. lla : I walk the
narrow road. lIb: I walk a narrow road.
l2a: I read the thick book. l2b: I read a
thick book. l3a: I tear the thin paper. l3b:
I tear a thin paper. l4a: I praise the
industrious pupil. l4b: I praise an industrious
pupil
B. I a Eg se blaa bl yantinn Ib Eg se blaan bl yant
2a Eg kaupi graena blyantinn 2b Eg kaupi graenan blyant
3a Eg nota raut5a blyantinn 3b Eg nota raut5an blyant
4a Eg keyri svarta bllinn 4b Eg keyri svartan bll
5a Eg se vonda manninn 5b Eg se vondan mann
6a Eg kyssi got5u konuna 6b Eg kyssi got5a konu
7a Eg bort5a got5a matinn 7b Eg bort5a got5an mat
Sa Eg sit hja fallegu konunni Sb Eg sit hja fallegri konu
9a Eg se laga husit5 9b Eg se lagt hus
lOa t:g by fhaa husinu lOb Eg by fhau husi
lla t:g geng pronga veginn llb Eg geng p:tongan veg
l2a t:g les pykku bokina l2b Eg les pykka bok
l3a t:g rlf punna blat5it5 13 b Eg rff punnt blat5
14a Eg hrosa duglega nemandanum Eg hrosa duglegurn nemanda
C. Weak
(M) 1. Got5i mat5urinn 2. got5a manninn 3. gotia manninum 4.
got5a manns ins. 5. Got5u mennirnir 6. gotu mennina 7. gotiu
monnunurn S. gotiu mannanna.
(F) 1. Gotia konan 2. gotiu konuna 3. gotiu konunni 4. got5u
S. gotiu barnanna.
D. Strong
(M) 1. Gotiur matiur 2. got5an mann 3. gotium manni 4. gotis
manns. 5. Got5ir menn 6. got5a menn 7. got5urn monnurn
S. gotira manna .
(F) 1. Got5 kona 2. gotia konu 3. gotiri konu 4. gotirar konu.
5. Gotiar konur 6. gotiar konur 7. gotiurn konum S. gotira
kvenna.
(N) 1. Gott barn 2. gott barn 3. gotiu barni 4. got5s barns.
5. Goti born 6. goti born 7. gotlum bornum S. got5ra barna
l~
88.
Ii.
fjf)
Tlrninn (Time)
"{'"
." .:
II
~
I- •
II
1~
):
II
II
~ -£, b,U..... ?
l~
89.
(j7
Verbs:
Su15ur a heimskauti er
Su15urskautslandi15. Pa15
er sennilega erfitt fyrir
pig a15 bera petta nafn
fram. En pa15 er sennilega
au15velt fyrir pig a15 py15a
or15i15. Fyrir nor15an rsland
er Nor15urheimskauti15.
Stundum eru pessir sta15ir
nefndir Nor15urpoll og
Su15urpoll. Nor15urpollinn
er a15 sjalfsog15u fyrir
nor15an rsland, en Su15ur
poll inn er langt fyrir
sunnan rsland. Hann er
hinum megin a hnettinum.
Pa15 er stundum kalt a
rslandi, en oft er kaldara
1 Evropu a veturna.
Kaldast er au15vita15a
polnum.
rsland er eyja. Capri er 11ka eyja. rsland er stor eyja, en Capri er 11til
eyja. Pa15 er hlytt a Capri, eins og I Su15urlondum yfirleitt. r Afriku er
yfirleitt mjog heitt. Po er stundum kalt par a nottinni. Og a15 sjalfsog15u
e ru ekki allir sta15ir par jafn heitir. Oft er heitt I Evropu a sumrin, en
oftast er heitara 1 Afrlku. Heitast er sennilega a ey15imorkinni Sahara
e15a vi15 Mi15baug. Hnotturinn okkar heitir JORDIN, hann er einn af
mor gum hnottum 1 heiminum.
Religiou s terms:
I"
3. Prestur , biskup (M) Prie st, bi shop
8. Mohamet>struarmenn Muslims
9. Buddatruarmenn Buddhists
19.
20.
21.
Fasisti
Konungssinni
Republikani
Fascist
Royalist
Republican
.
22. Demokrati Democrat
92.
(jf)
A. HeiInsokn - A Visit
1. KOInit5 oll blessut5 og sael 1. How are you ,everybody
2. KOInit5 inn fyrir 2. COIne on in
3. Got5u, gjorit5 pit5 svo vel 3. Good ( people ), COIne in
4. Ma eg taka frakkann? 4. May I take (your) coat?
5. Og hattinn? 5. A nd the hat?
6. Og kapuna yt5ar ... 6. And your coat (lighter)
7. Gjorit5 pit5 svo vel og
7. Please, enter (Iny hOIne)
gangit5 1 baeinn
26. Ma bjotla ytlur supu? 26. May (I) offer you some soup?
27. Her kemur kjotitl 27. Here comes the meat
28. Meira kjot? Meiri sosu? 28. More meat? More sauce?
29. Meiri kartoflur? 29. More potatoes?
30. Svolltitl meira? 30. A little more?
31. Per bortlitl ekki neitt 31. You aren't eating anything
32. Er maturinn vondur? 32. Is the food bad?
33. Afsakitl mig augnablik 33. Excuse me a moment
34. Eg pari atl skreppa fram 34. Ive got to leave you (i. e. slip out)
35. atl sja um mat inn 35. to look after (prepare) the food
D. Hvort viljitl per held ur? Which would you rather have?
Cheers;
43. Jreja, pa lyftum viti glosum~ 43. Well let 's lift our glasses;
44. Viti skalum fyrir per (ytlur) 44. We say Skal to you;
45. Skal fyrir ykkur ol1um ~ 45. Cheer s to you all;
46. Skal fyrir afmrelisbarninu~ 46. Cheers to the birthday-child
(i.e. whose birthday it is)
47. Skal fyrir forseta [slands ~ 47. Cheers to Iceland's president:
48. Skal fyrir rIkisstjorninni~ 48. Cheers to the government;
49. Skal fyrir fornum astum~ 49. Cheers to old love;
50. Skal fyrir gofgi konunnar ~ 50. Cheers to the nobility of woman:
51. Skal fyrir peim sem 51. Cheers to those who pour out
skenkja okkur vIn: wine to us:
52. Skal fyrir gestinum: 52. Cheers to our guest:
53. Fyrir heitlursgestinum: 53. To the guest of honour;
54. Fyrir husfreyjunni: 54. To the hostess:
55. Fyrirhusbondanum: 55. To the host;
56. Skal fyrir llfinu og 56. Cheers to life and existence~
tilverunni:
94.
Eignarfornofn. Beygingar.
NOTES: Stllabok (F): notebook - vi~ hli~ina a: beside - or~ (N): word
legg (v. leggja) lay, put - skrifa: write
95.
When the subject of the sentence is HE, SHE, IT or a noun you switch
to SINN, S(N, SITT:
4. Hann kyssir konuna sina.
5. Hun kyssir mann inn sinn.
6. Pat5 er lagt I vogguna sina. ( er lagt: is laid, v. leggja
7. Mal5urinn for mel5 konunni sinni. (for: went, v. fara)
8. Konan for met5 manninum sinum.
9. Pal5 Ia Ivoggunni sinni. (la: lay, v. liggja)
10. Hann kom heim til konunnar sinnar. ( kom: came, v. koma
11. Hun kom heim til mannsins sIns.
12. Barnit5 saknar matar sIns. (misses its food). (v. sakna)
In these cases you can also use HANS, HENNAR, PESS, but then
the me aning change s :
13. Hann kyssir konuna hans.
14. Hun kyssir mann inn hennar.
15. Pat5 er lagt Ivoggu pess.
16. Hann for met5 konunni hans.
17. Hun for met5 manninurn hennar.
18. Barnil5 Ia I voggu pess.
19. Hann kom heim til konunnar hans.
20. Hun kom heim til mannsins hennar.
21. Barnit5 saknat5i matar pess.
In examples 13-21 the man kisses the other fellow's wife, she kisses
the other woman's husband, the child is laid into the other child's
cradle etc .
.
~- I· [
96.
4. Ef vaeri eg songvari
syngi eg ljo<5
urn solina, vori<5
og land mitt og PjO<5.
(Pall J. Ardal)
NOTES: 1. Jolin (N pI): Christmas - fara a<5: start to - hlakka til: look
forward to - I pa<5 rninnsta: at least - kerti (N): candle - spil (N pI):
playing cards. 2. Vott (N): wet - klessu (T dat): mud, splash - faer gott:
gets good ( weather) - gifta sig I ressu: get married in this (weather).
3. RI<5um (v. rIt>a): let's ride - Hola (M pI): hillocks, i. e. seat of the old
bishoprice in the north - kne (N): knee - klarinn (M): horse - kistill (M):
chest - fakur (M): steed. 4. Vaeri (v. vera): were ( Past Subjunctive)
songvari (M): singer - syngi (v. syngja): would sing - Ijo<5 (N): songs,
poems - vori<5 (N): flpring - pjot> (F): people, na.tion. 5. Tilveran (F):
existence - tukaU: two bob ( a dime) - fekk (v. fa): got - til lans af lani
(N): as loan from a loan - lltilli stulku (F dat): little girl.
97 .
•
I•
72
Fyrir sendiratssfolk.
(For Embassy People) .
Sendirats. Sendiratsits.
An Embassy. The Embassy.
Hvar er sendirat>it>?
Where is the Embassy?
Pats er a Tungotu 9.
It is at Tungata 9.
98.
7:1
NOTES: Ati vera viti: to be present { see Unit 32} - sendiherrann {M}:
the ambassador - pVi mitiur: unfortunately, I'm sorry - upptekinn:
occupied - ritarinn {M}: the secretary - sjalfan {M acc}: himself
skilaboti {N pI}: message - held pati (v. halda): think so - aritiandi: urgent
nati 1 (v. ati na l): fetch - oparfi {M}: unneccessary - hringi (v. hringja):
telephone
99.
Icelandic ministers:
a) forsaetisratlherrann the prime minister
b) utanrlkisratlherrann the minister for foreign affairs
c) fjarmalaratlherrann the minister of finance
d) menntamalaratlherrann the minister of education and culture
e) .dom smalaratlherrann the minister of justice
f) kirkjumalaratlherrann the minister of church and religion
g) vitlskiptamalaratlherra the minister of commerce
h) sjavarutvegsJatlherra the minister for fisherie s
i) landbunatlarratlherra the minister for agriculture
j) samgongumalaratlherra the minister of communications
k) itlna15armalaratlherra the minister for industries
1) Forsetinn The President
101.
A Glossary:
1. Sendiratlit5 (N): The embassy
2. Sendiherra (M): ambasiador, minister
3. Sendiherrafruin (F): the ambassador's wife
4. Sendifulltrui (M): charge d 'affairs
5. Sendirat5sritari (M): 1 st secretary, lst officer, 2nd, 3rd
6. Fulltrui (M): a secretary, representative, officer
7. Blatlafulltrui (M): press agent, officer
8. Vort5ur (M): a guard
9. Upplysingar (F pI): information
10. ~jonusta (F): service
I
11. Bokasafn (N): library
12. Sendikennari (M): lecturer ( sent teacher)
I
I I
13.
14.
Vegabref (N): pas sport
I
I I
15.
16.
Velritari (M): typist
Slmastulka (F): telephone attendant (female)
17. lslenzka rlkisstjornin (F): the Icelandic government
I
I I
18.
19.
Stjornar-andstat5an (F): the opposition
Stjornmal (N pI): politic s
I I
20.
21.
Stjornmalaflokkur (M): a political party
Sjalfstaet5isflokkurinn (M): Independence"Party
22. Framso.k narflokkurinn: Progressive Party
I 11
23.
24.
Alpyt5uflokkurinn: Social Democrats
Alpyt5ubandalagitl (N): Left Wing Socialists
I II
25.
26.
Samtok (N pI) Vinstri Manna: Left Wing Coalition
Kommu.nistar (M pI): Communists
.1
I
I
I
I
I~
l~
II
102.
I"
I .,
petta? 6. Hva<3" drap Gunnar marga? . 7. Hvenrer? 8. Hva<3" brast?
9. Var stri<3"? 10. Hvernig bar<3"ist Gunnar? 11 . Hva<3" ba<3" Gunnar
I Hallger<3"i um? 12. La Gunnari nokku<3" vi<3"? 13 . Af hverju er
Calum anreg<3"ur? 14 . Bi<3"ur pu b~nirnar pinar? 15. Hva<3" haf<3"i
r Gunnar gert pegar Hallger<3"ur stal ostinum? 16. Er Calum half
ii,
I
I II
viti?
ag~tis
17. Hva<3" mundi Hallger<3"ur?
nokku<3"? 19. Hefur skomm
18. Hefur hver til sins
Hallger~ar veri<3" lengi uppi?
I
II I
I~
"1
I
IJ
Notes: Gaman (N) : fun - n6gu lengi: long enough - sag<3"i
(v. segja): told, said - sat (v. sitja): sat - fram a n6tt :
r
11
into the night - mesta (F): greatest - si<3"asta bardaganum
(M dat): last fight - drap (v. drepa): killed - srer<3"i (v. srera) :
I
t ,
wounded - frabrer: exceptional - pegi<3"u (v. pegja): shut up
stri<3" (N): war - mikill bardagi (M): a great fight - bar<3"ist
[
I
1(1 (v . berjast): fought - brast (v. bresta): broke - boginn (M):
I the bow - fa : get, bring - leppa (acc pI): locks - mer liggur
t If
lifi<3" (N) vi<3": my life depends on it - sjalfan sig (acc):
I himself - pry<3"ilegt: excellent - eiga a<3" vera: ought to be
~ 'I'
III drepst (v. drepast) : dies - umla: mumble - bi<3"ja brenir (F pI):
say prayers - manst (v. muna U II , 5): remember - slegi<3"
III
(v. sla): beaten - vitanlega: naturally - halfviti (M): halfwit
skal (v. skulu U II, 5) - kinnhestur (M): a slap, lit. cheek
I\I
horse - hir<3"i (v. hir<3"a) : care - ver<3" (v. verja): defend
III
lengur e<3"a skemur : longer or shorter (time) - agreti (N) :
excellence - nokku<3": something - bi<3"ja (takes gen) : ask
I
J
per fer ilIa: you do ill
pin skomm (F) lengi uppi : your
103.
77
VIsit1>lufj1>lskyldan -(The Price-Index Family).
r
I>etta er pekkt fj1>lskylda,
I
.' ~ pekktari en £lestar at5rar
fj1>1skyldur, eiginlega
pekktasta fj1>lskylda a
' '-
\
Islandi. Hun heitir vIsit0lu
fj1>lskyldan. Hun lifir a PVI
Bern folk gefur upp til skatts.
Fat5irinn heitir Jon o~ er
Sigurt5sson. Agaetur mat5ur,
en he fur Iltit5 kaup. Mot5irin
heitir Gut5run og er Pal sdottir.
Gut5run notar kaup manns ins slnil.
Dottirin heitir Unnur. Hun er haett
at5 vinna. Sonurinn heitir Birgir.
Hann er alltaf ohreinn. I>essi
fjolBkylda akvet5ur visitoluna.
Hun drekkur kaffi einu sinni I
viku og fer tvisvar a ari I blO. O.I>i""",f~~I60",.
Hun hefur ekki rat5 a at5 eiga bll. U
Hun bort5ar smjor a sunnud1>gum
I
I
og kaupir sokka annat5 hvert ar.
Mj1>g naegjus1>m fjolskylda, visitolufjoiskyidan. Sonurinn faer ekki fot
I nema prit5ja hvert ar, og dottirin a enga skO. Birgir leikur Ber a
gotunni, og systir hans er I s~uku. Hvorugt reykir . Foreldrarnir
reykja hins vegar tvaer Bigarettur a viku, a prit5judogum o~ f1>studogum
I klukkan fjogur. I>au drekka eina fingurbjorg af brennivlni a manut5i.
II I>au bjot5a aldrei gestum heim og bort5a ekki kokur. I>au hafa ekki
efni a pvC Unnur er at5 vertsa fullortsin, en parf samt ekki ats bortsa
J
I nema einu sinni a dag. Brot5ir hennar er ats visu ekki eins gamall og
hun, en hann parf ekki mat heldur. Segja rna, ats petta folk liii a
I
I
loftinu. Husits sem pats byr llekur, en po er heilsan furt5ulega -gots.
I>at5 er mikil heppni. I>etta var uppha£lega fjogurra manna fj1>lskylda,
I en Jon missti einu sinni fingur a sjonum. I>ess vegna segja menn,
at5 eiginlega seu ekki nema 3, 9B% - prju komma nlutlu og atta prosent
manneskjur lpessari blessut5u visitolufjoiskyldu.
NAMES: You probably know by now that the christian ' name is the real
name in Icelandic. The surname just shows who is your father. Your
friend's name may be Gunnar, he IS Sigurt5sson i.e. son of Sigurtsur, but
strictly speaking that isn't his name.
By the same token a married woman keeps her maiden name and does not
add her husband's name to her own: Gutsrun Palsdottir i.e. daughter of
Pall.
104.
~ I IJ
loftinu (N dat): air - lekur ( v. leka): leaks - fur<5ulega: astonishingly
heppni (F): luck - upphaflega: originally - fjogurra manna (M gen):
~
I
1 11
lit. OF four ( people) - missti ( v. missal: lost - eiginlega: really.
in fact - manneskjur (F pI): human beings - blessul5u (F dat): blessed.
I II
Fjolskyldan og vinnan (F) - The Family and Work - A Vocabulary
I
I"
1.
2.
Atvinna (F)
Eg hef atvinnu (acc)
Employment
I have employment
P L
3.
4.
Skattar (M pI)
Eg borga skatta (acc)
Taxes
I pay taxes
1 5. Eg hef go<5ar tekjur (F pI) I have \l good income
• 6. Mana<5arlaun (N pI) A monthly salary
I
III
7.
8.
Daglaun. vikulaun
Gjold (N pI)
Daily. weekly wages
Expenditure
9. A<5 ey<5a peningum To spend money
I
I
10. A <5 ey<5a til einskis To waste
11. Ver<5lagi<5 (N) er hatt The prices are high
1I
12.
13.
Daglegar nau<5synjar (F pI)
Framfaerslukostna<5ur (M)
Daily necessities
Cost of supporting oneself
fie works at menial tasks
I
14.
15.
Hann vinnur algenga vinnu
Byggingarvinna (acc) Construction work
16. A<5 alast upp To be reared. to grow up
17. Fjogurra manna (gen) (pI)
fjal skylda A family of four
18. Hun gaetir bus og barna (gen) She takes care of home and children
19. Hun atti fyrsta barni<5 She had her first child
20. Bornin eru stalpu<5 The children are (half) grown
21. Dagvinna Daytime work
22. Eftirvinna - nreturvinna Overtime- nighttime -wor k
23. Fjolskyldubaetur Family allowance (tax rebate)
24. A <5 vinna ser inn To earn
25. A <5 spara To save money
26. Verkama~ur (M) Labourer
rl
r
!~ 105.
l(
711 V e njulegt samtal. A'6 hitta folk.
(Basic Sentences. Meeting people. Polite form) .
Fru: Somulei'6is.
I·
(slandi? 12. Er hUn kurteis?
13. pekkir pu nokkurn I ReykjavIk?
JJ'
,...;. t.c.... kl{....."'.
J \
v',,''' ""
\,...,.
"-OWl..... ....".
14. Er aut>velt a'6 eignast Islenzka
vini? 15. Fyrirhverjaerpa'6
aut>velt?
~
71)
K: Hvert ertu a<5 fara nuna?
S: Eg er a<5 f ara a bj'.5. Vi<5 c.ellum baetH, konan mln og ego
K: Hva<5 retlit5 pit5 at sja?
S: Vi<5 retlum aD sja arner18 ka mynd 1 Gamla B10.
r~
K: Heldur<5u a<5 hun se gol)?
S: Eg er alveg viss urn paD.
K: Fe r<5u oft 1 blo?
r S: Ja , a<5 minnsta kosti einu sinni 1 viku.
11
vi5 pi a. lslenzku. St undum reynir hun a]) tala lsl enz ku og
Il ~
pa brosa vinirnir, pVl pe i m finnst gaman a]) heyra Inger tala.
I
II
l ccra lsI n zku og p es s vegna held ur h un afram . Hun h efur tlma
II
l'
I
II
aeg ile ga reit5. I>a5 mega eiginmenn a ldr ei ger a.
I.
II
I
II
I
II
I
108.
r II II
"
"
"
"
HV[TT
LANGT
er SVART
er STUTT
(whitw - black)
(long - short)
I I " " DOKKT er LJOST (dark - light)
11
I' " 11
ALLT er EKKERT (all - nothing)
" " GAMALT er UNGT (old - young)
" " KALT er HEITT (cold - hot)
" " BJART er DIMMT (light - dark)
" " BLAUTT er PURRT (wet - dry)
" " MIKID er L[TID (much - little)
Spurningar:
1. Er Njals saga storkostlegt verk? ( magnificent work)
2. Er Hekla hatt fjall?
3. Er langt til England s? (far)
4. Er ljott al5 skrokva ? ( to lie)
5. Byr margt 1 pokunni? ( F dat, in the fog)
6. Er alIt hegomi? ( M vanity)
7. Er llfil5 annal5hvort ( either) hVltt el5a svart?
I
I I
8.
9.
Hafa Islenzkar stulkur ( F pl. girls) ljost har?
Er blek vont a bragl5il5? ( N, in taste)
I, 10.
11.
Er purrt a Sahara?
Er strll5 (N, war) hrael5ilegt? ( dreadful)
I 1
12.
13.
Er blinda (F) hormulegt hlutskipti? (Is blindness a pitiable lot?)
I
I~
10 9.
112 Fllabrand arar o g ska'ldskapur. (Elephant Jokes
and Poetry).
1. Hvat> sagt>i v e ggurinn vit> hinn vegginn?
Eg man pat> ekki.
Hittumst a horninu:
a gluggans gler.
er verold mIn.
C. NOTES: Ljot (N pI): poems - sigra: win, beat - spila a spil (N pI): play
at cards - spekingslegum svip (M dat): a philosophical expression
taka I nefit (N acc): take snuff - met glotu geti (N dat): gladly ( get: mood)
gjarna: easily, with pleasure - at yeti (N dat): risked, pawned - pott:
although - tapir, v. tapa: lose - gerir ekkert til: makes no difference
nefnilega: actually, in fact - vitlaust gefit, v, gefa: the cards are wrongly
dealt.
D. geng I hring (M acc): walk in circle - kringum: round - innan: within
verold (F): world - fell urn stund (F acc): fell for a time ( v. falla)
gluggans (gen) gler (acc): the window's glass - utan: without, outside.·
Ill.
11:1
a} Ati vertia - b} ati ]:mr!a c) ati eiga ati - d} ati retia
Jon: Gutirun:
r III Spurningar:
a morgun?
1. Hvert retlartiu a eftir? 2. I>ar!tu ati gera nokkuti serstakt
3 . Attu ati borga husaleigu fyrir pennan manuti? 4. I>ar!tu ati
I vinna fyrir per? 5. Af hverju vertiur Gutirun ati pvo Birgi? 6. Getur pu
pvegiti per sjalfur? 7. I>vrer Unnur ser sjalf? 8. Hver a ati greta brotiur
sIns? 9. Geymirtiu peningana pIna I banka? 10. Af hverju parf Unnur ati
fara til K anarley ja? II. Vertiur hUn ati fara pangati? 12. Hver s vegna?
13. Getur pu borgati ferti til solarlanda? 14. I>ytiir nokkuti ati tala urn
Svona lagati pegar astin er annars vegar? 15. Er llfiti hartifiskur?
NOTES: Nitiur 1 bre (M acc): down town - husaleiguna (F acc): the rent
look after - stendur I Bibllunni (F dat): says in the Bible - lleitiinni (F dat):
at the same time, lit. on the way - vitleysa (F): nonsense - elta: chasing,
special
LYsingaroriJ. (Adjectives) .
l :
c. fslenzkir malshaettir ':M pI) - Icelandic Proverbs
1.
2.
Gatt er at5 vera gamall og muna margt .
Aldrei er of seint gott at5 gera. L~
..~
3. Illt er at5 vera it5julaus .
4. !lIt er rangt mal at5 verja. ~
5. Allir vilja lengi lifa. .
6. Betra er it5julaus at5 vera en ilIt at5 gera. ). w"
7. Illt er at5 heita hundur og bita aldrei. U
8. Aumur er sa sem enginn ann.
9. Sjaldan er ein bara stok.
10. pa er hver bllt5ur er hann bit5ur.
11. Betri er litill fiskur en tomur diskur.
12. Pegar vInit5 gengur inn, gengur vitit5 ut.
D. NOTES: Gamall (M): old - muna: remember - of seint: too late - ilIt: bad
d5julaus: without work - rangt mal (N): wrong cause - verja: defend
bIta: bite - aumur (M): poor - ann (v. unna): loves - bara (F) stok: wave
single - bllt5ur (M): sweet - bit5ur ( v. bit5ja): asks - tomur diskur (M):
empty plate - vInit5 (N): the wine - vitit5 (N): the wit, intelligence, sense.
miklu (N dat) betri - much better
115
1 dag skIn solin. Eg horfi upp 1 hiInininn og eg se ekkert sky.
HiInininn er heitsur og blar. Pats er gott vetsur ldag. !dag er eg
katur.
1 grer var ekki gott vetsur. pa var rigning og Inikill vindur. pats
voru gra sky aUs statsar. pa var eg ekki katur.
Eg er alltaf glatsur pegar solin skln. pa er eg 1 gotsu skapi. pel.
finnst Iner ekki gaInan ats sitja inni og vinna. pa viI eg vera uti.
StundUITl er frost og kuldi. pel. klretsi eg Inig vel. Ef eg klretsi
Inig ekki vel pa vertsur Iner kalt. Eg er sjaldan 1 gotsu skapi, pegar
Iner er kalt.
Mer finnst ekki gaInan 1 rigningu. pel. er diInInt yfir. pa fer enginn
r: a skltsi, og pa fer enginn a skauta. En Iner finnst oft gaInan 1 frosti.
pa er vindurinn a nortsan og hiIninninn heitsur. pa skIn solin, og pa
fara Inenn bretsi a skltsi og skauta. pa eru fjollin falleg. pa er bjart
yfir.
NOTES: Horfi (v.horfa): look - hiInininn (M acc): sky - sky (N): cloud
heitsur: clear - vetsur (N): weather - katur (M): gay, happy - rigning (F):
rain - vindur (M): wind - hvasst (N): windy, lit. sharp - skyatsur: cloudy
alls statsar: everywhere - 1 gotsu skapi (N dat): in good hUITlour - frost (N):
frost - kuldi (M): cold klretsi (v. klretsa): dress - diInInt yfir: overcast
skltsi (N pI): skis - skautar (M pI): skates - a nortsan: frOIn the north
vel/illa: well/badly - Iner er saIna: it is the saIne to Ine, Inakes no
difference to Ine.
/ />
. /~/ /
' P
/' /
./
/' /
I ~
.
-
;;;
115.
Her eru hjon. pau heita Jon og Gunna. Joni Iltsur alltaf vel,
en Gunnu Iltsur alltaf illa. Her er sarntal, sern heyrtsist ut
urn gluggann peirra 1 gaer:
II
Jon: Hvats er ats heyra petta.' pu talar eins og loftvog.'
I~
Gunna: Hvats er ats heyra petta . . I>il talar eins og vindhani.
Vindhaninn og -loftvogin eru hjon, sem bila aIls staoar.
NOTES: Heyrtsist (v.heyrast)~ was t;eard - gerir pats til: does that matter
autsvita8: of course - loftvog (F): barometer - bolvuts della (F): damned
nonsense - gaeti verits verra: could be worse -hundavetsur (N): miserable
weather - slagvitsri (N): rainy gale - blaes
(v. blasa): blows - vindhani (M): weather cock.
I~
116.
117
NOTES: r heimi (M dat): in the world - af ollu (N dat): of all - arsins (N gen):
of the year, i. e. during the year - sVln (N) ei5a naut (N): pig or bull -
hollinn (M): hillock - loft (N)/ bly (N): air / lead - dvalii5: dwelt, stayed,
( v. dvelja).
1
117.
i
dati (F): deed - styrkja:
strengthen - hag (M ace):
weal - leita ati: seek, look
for - porf (F): a need -
letta: lighten - ster! (N pI) :
work, tasks - lata: let,
allow - margan hamingju
dag (M ace): many a happy
day.
2. Blessuti solin (F): the
blessed sun - kossi (M dat):
a kiss - vekur (v. vekja):
I' wakes up - haginn (M): the
meadow - hjarniti (N): the
frozen snow or ground - )
hennar astum (F pI. dat) -J \J\
l ' .... .3
tekur: accept her love - '~
geislar (M pI): rays - ut um
allt: all over the place -
himneskt (N): heavenly - lifa: live
3. Senn: soon, by and by - sumariti (N): the summer - skIn (v sk[na):
shines - vIst: truly - batnar ( v. batria): improves - pa veturinn (M)
dVIn: when winter recedes.
118.
22. Olafur. pal5 er sImi til pIn. Olafur. You are wanted on the phone.
29. Nu, af hverju sagl5irl5u Well, why didn~t you say so at once?
rna ekki vera al5 pVI al5 tala time to speak to you now. But we
vil5 pig nu.na. En vil5 hittumst shall meet in the pool tomorrow.
I sundlaugunum a morgun.
32. AlIt i lagi~ vi~ sj'umst OK, we ~ll meet in the hot pot.
i heita pottinum.
119.
f)()
Erlendur gjaldeyrir - (Foreign Currency).
Eg aetla a~ fa (ace)
1. Einn BandarIkja dollara, tva kanadiska dollar a - 2. eitt pund
3. eitt mark, prju mark - einn franka, fjora franka - 5. eina 1Iru,
prjar 1Irur, prju pusund 1Irur - eina danska kronu, tvaer danskar kronur,
prjar saenskar kronur, fjorar norskar kronur.
fjorum frankurn 5. einni 1Iru, tveim 1Irum, prju pusund 1Irum 6. einni
kronum. "
, . 1.
2.
Afsaki~. Hvar aetli bankinn se?
Hann er herna ni~ri I Austurstraeti.
11 3. Eg parf a~ skipta peningurn.
III 4. Hvernig pa?
5. Eg er utlendingur. Eg parf a~
II skipta nokkrum dollurum.
II I
6. Per geti~ skipt dollurum I
,"
II Landsbankanurn.
7. Ekki I BUna~arbankanurn?
,
8. Nei, nann verzlar ekki me~ gjaldeyri.
9. Pakka y~ur fyrir.
[:
I' 10. Ekkert a~ pakka. Eru~ per a~ fara?
l
II
11.
12.
Ja, eg parf a~ flyta mer.
I
I
miki~ liggur a. Eg kann bezt
r
I Sfurningar: 1. Hefur~u keypt erlendan gjaldeyri? 2. Hefur~u selt erlendan
gJaldeYrl? 3 . .Hva~ attu miki~ af dollurum? 4. Eru Pjo~verjar rlk pjo~?
[ 5. Hva~a gjaldeyri nota menn a I'tallu? 6. Hva~a gjaldeyri kaupir~u vanalega?
I 7. Hva~a gja1deyri skiptir~u? 8. Ertu utlendingur? 9. Af hver ju getur~u
ekki skipt gjaldeyri 1 BUna~arbankanurn? 10. parftu a~ flyta per nuna?
l• 11.Liggur per a? . 12. Fer~u vanalega einn 1 bankann?
I•
I
120.
1))
I' geer - (Yesterday) -
Eg hafl5i a1veg serstak1ega TI1ikil5 al5 gera I geer. Eg var I vinnunni fra
k1ukklm atta urn morguninn til k1ukkan tlu urn kvold il5. Eg vinn sialdan
svo lengi. Vil5 vorurn fimm a skrifstofunni. Skrifstofustjorinn var ekki vil5.
Hann var eitthval5 lasinn. Hann sendi okkur skilabol5: k1aril5 aUt fyrir
kvoldil5: Hverni~ attum vil5 al5 gera pal5 "? Verkefnin hofl5u safnast
saman Ilangan tlma. Og vil5 vorum ekki nema fimm: Vil5 attum
aul5vital5 ekki al5 hlYl5a. en gerl5um pal5 nu samt. pal5 var nu meira
pUlil5: Eg vann eins og berserkur. Pegar skrifstofustjorinn kom
I' aftur var allt buil5. Hann varl5 svo hissa. al5 hann atti ekki eitt einasta
orl5. pal5 er naumast pil5 hafil5 unnil5: sagl5i hann. pil5 eigil5 skilil5 al5
Ii I fa fril dag. Vil5 vorum aneegl5ir mel5 pal5 og forum heim I gol5u skapi.
II111 1
1"'
A. Spurningar: 1. Hafl5irl5u mikil5 al5 gera 1 geer? 2. Hval5 varstu lengi
I i vinnunni? 3. Vinnurl5u alltaf svo lengi? 4. Var skrifstofustjorinn
I' I
vil5 1 geer? 5. Af hverju var hann ekki vil5? 6. Hval5a skilabol5 sendi
IIIII hann? 7. Hoftiu verkefnin safnazt saman? B. Hval5 voru pau marg
1 vinnunni? 9. Attu pau al5 h1yl5a? 10. Ge rl5u pau pal5? 11. Var petta
mikil5 pul? 12. Hvernig vann eg? 13. Varl5 skrifstofustjorinn hissa?
II 14. Hval5 sagl5i hann? 15. Hveneer eigurn vil5 skilil5 al5 fa frl?
l' II
I~
B. NOTES: Serstaklega: especially - skrifstofunni {F.dat}: the office
skilabol5 {N pI}: a message - k1aril5 {v. k1ara}: finish - fyrir: before
attum al5 gera: were to do - safnazt saman: piled up lit. collected
together - attum ekki: shouldn't have - samt: however - pulil5 {N}:
tough work - eitt einasta orl5 {N}: a single word - pal5 er::n<!,umast: my .
my, I'll be darned - vann, unnil5 {v. vinna}: worked - eigil5 skilil5:
deserve - po al5: although - al5 vera vil5: to be present - hlyl5a: obey
C. Past Tense:
Al5 vera: (DIg).
Al5 hafa: (U 21).
Al5 eiga: 7. Atti 8. 3.ttir 9. atti 10. attum 11. attul5 12. attu
Al5 gera: 7. Gerl5i 8. gerl5ir 9. gerl5i 10. gerl5um 11. gerl5ul512. gerl5u.
D. Remember: al5 eiga: to have. to own. Al5 eiga AD: to be expected to,
to be obliged to. Al5 eiga SKILID: to deserve
E. The last sentence: "po al5 mal5ur vinni vel" is in the pr~ sent subj ~n~ t.ive.
i. e. not a definite posi t ive statement of fact. but d~notlng a pos S1 b111ty:
He works: hann vinnur. BUT: although he WORK: po al5 hann VINNI.
121.
r!.. '
rr II I
II
I I
II
I~
..
.1
II
,
()9 SIGGI.
Mamma vill lata mig ver~a prest. Eg viI pa~ ekki. Eg viI alIs ekki ver~a
prestur. Eg kann ekki a~ syngja. Og mig langar ekki til a~ 'ganga 1 kjol.
Mig langar 1 sI~ar buxur me~ rassvasa.
\1
II I I
BloC5iC5 •
V itur Ie gur still
1):1 (The Blood o. )
eftir litla danska Btelpu:
J 11
einn handlegg etsa fat.
II I
Matsur notar llka blotsits, pe gar matsur vill
I"
I.
II
rotsna.
(I J1'
L III
NOTES: Stlll (M): exercise - viturlegur: wise - blotsits (N): the blood
sker (v. skera): cuts - beitturn hnlf (M dat): sharp knife - hjartanu
(N dat): the heart - pott: although - sjai (v. sja): see - notum (v. nota):
use - strltsi (N dat): war - verja: defend - pylsur (F pI): sausages
mismunandi: different - tegundir (F pI): kinds - til daemis (N gen): for
-
I
example - gaetsablots (N): a kind soul - letiblots: lazybone - atsalsmenn
(M pI): noblemen - 1 gamla daga: in olden times - batsa: bathe - sogunni
(F dat): story, history - einstaklega: singularly - ogetsslegt: repulsive
lltsur yfir ( ats lltsa yfir): they faint - domur (F pI): ladie s - flnar: fine,
rioble- pola: endure - hetjur (F pI):
I
heroes - ortsur (F pI): medals
l:
I II
brjostinu (N dat): breast, chest
handlegg (M acc): an arm - fot (M acc):
a foot or leg - matsur: one - vill (v.
I
I
.
1
!~
[
I
123.
Samtal:
NOTES: Ert ora inn (v. ver<Ja): become - star: big, i.e.
grown-up - lreknir (M): doctor - bilstjari (M): driver - hrreddur
via: afraid of - svoleiais: such(things) - ekki neitt: not
anything - meiddur (M): hurt - sjukl{ngurinn (M): the patient
lrekna: cure - asni (M): ass, fool - hjukra: nurse - hjukrunar
kona (F): nurse - spitala (M dat): hospital
1)5
Landitl vestan viti [sland nefnist Graenland. Par er star jokull. A [slandi
eru margir joklar, en peir eru ekki eins storir og Graenlandsjokull.
Staersti jokull a [slandi nefnist Vatnajokull.
[-•
I I
l~
I I
,
I
I
II
(
I
1
125.
(r •
II
rr= II
f[
I
l I •
II'I
~
I
I I
I
•
II, f)(j
A. Llfit5 (Life) • Einfold patlt5. (Simple Past).
I
1\ pat5 var sol og sumar.
I II
Einar var 'u ti a tuni. Lilla var llka uti a tiini.
I II
Eg er at5 raka, .svarai5i Lilla.
I
II
Er pat5? sagt5i Lilla
r
II
U m kvoldit5 for Einar heim. Lilla for llka heim um
kvoldit5. A heimleit5inni leiddi Einar Lillu.
Sagan er ekki buin. En pat5 stendur ekki meira af
I
henni her .
•
I Spurningar: 1. Var kalt uti? 2. Hvar var Einar? 3. Hvat5 var
Lilla at5 gera? 4. Hvat5 var Einar at5 gera? 5. Um hvat5
spurt5i Einar? 6. Svarat5i Lilla honum? 7. Var Einar vondur
mat5ur? 8. Var Lilla yond kona? 9. Hvenaer foru pau heim?
10. Endat5i sagan vel?
1)7
B. Spurningar: 1. Hvar bua Por ste inn og Gunnhildur? ' 2. Bvats eru
pau ? 3. Hvatl eiga pau morg born ? 4. Hvatl gera bornin ?
5. Hvatl heitir elzti sonurinn ? 6. Hvatl langar Olaf til atl gera ?
7. Pykir pabbanum vaent um bornin? 8. Hvar eiga afi og amma heima?
9. Hver skammar bornin? 10. Af hverju? 11. Att pu born?
12. Hvatl gerir Gunnhildur? 13. Vinnur pu fyrir fjolskyldu? 14.pykir
per gaman atl laera? 15. Ertu farinn atl tala Islenzku? 16. Hverjum
pykir vaent um bornin ? 17. Hvatl fer Porsteinn oft 1 heimsokn til
afa og ommu? 18. Er gott atl reykja mikitl? 19. Af hverju heitir
dottirin KristIn ? 20. Ertu far inn atl skilja dagblotlin?
r
c. NOTES: Ats vinna fyrir: to support, earn a living - ats sja wn: to
take care of, look after - ekki farin ats: not begun to - noest elztur:
second eldest - gagnfroetsaskoli: high school - menntaskoli: college
augasteinninn (M): the apple of (his) eye - heimsokn (F): visit
skammar ( v. skamma): scolds - reykja: smoke.
Gamall - eldri - elztur
Ungur - yngri - yngstur.
1. Fatsirinn (M)
The father
2. Motsirin (F)
The mother
3. Sonurinn (M)
The son
4. Dottirin (F)
The daughter
5. Afinn (M)
The grandfather
6. Amman (F)
The grandmother
7. Froendinn (M)
The relative
8. Froenkan (F)
The relative
9. Afabrotsir (M) - sy stir (F)
Grandfather's brother - sister
10. Ommubrotsir (M)- systir (F)
Grandmother's brother - sister
11. Fotsurbrotsir (M) - systir (F)
Father's brother - sister (uncle, aunt)
12. Motsurbrotsir (M) - systir (F)
Mother's brother - sister (uncle, aunt)
13. Brotsursonur (M) - dottir (F)
Brother : s son - daughter
14. Systursonur (M) - dottir (F)
Sister's son - daughter
15. Sonarsonur (M) - dottir (F)
Son's son - daughter
16. Dottursonur (M) - dottir (F)
Daughter's son - daughter
17. Fetsgar (M pI)
Father and son
Ii! 18. Moetsgur (F pI)
Mother and daughter
r 19. Fetsgin (N pI)
Father and daughter
• 20. Moetsgin (N pI)
Mother and son
[ 21.
22.
Magur (M)
Sister's husband
Those married to sisters
'! 23. Magkona (F)
Brother's wife
r 24.
25.
Svilkona - svilkonur (F)
Broetsrungar (M pI)
, Sa se~ fer~;tst milli landa parf a~ hafa me~ ser vegabref. Vegabref
f<l;,lslendmgar a 16greglust6~. Par er Otlendingaeftirliti~. Nor~urlanda_
~u~r p~rfa ekki ,v~gab~ef til ~~ fer~ast milli Nor~urlanda. Oft parf
• arl;:un a vegabr,e~m, tIl daemls ef fer~ast skal til Austur-Evropu e~a
I
If
A SlU. 1 vegabrefl~ skriiar ll:igreglan heimilisfang manna og ymsar a~rar
ul;?plYsin~a~. , Par stendu~ til daemis hva~ pu ert har, hvernig augun {
per er~ a l1tlnn, hvort pu e;t dokkhaer~ur e~a Ijoshaer~ur, hva~ pu gerir,
I
I
hvar pu ert fae~d~r, hva~ ,pu ert gamaIl, og svo framvegis. Ra~legt er
a~ hafa vegabrefl~ me~ ser hvert sem ma~ur fer. Pa~ sparar manni
.
I bae~i tIma og erfi~i.
Otlendi?gur s~m kemur til lslands parf a~ fa dvalarleyfi. Ef hann
r
II
aetlar a~ Vlnna her parf hann a~ saekja urn atvinnuleyfi. Pessu rna ekki
gleyma.
I
II Spurningar: 1. Hva~ parftu a~ hafa me~ per pegar pu fer~ast milli landa?
2. Ver~ur~u alltaf a~ hafa vegabrefi~ me~ per? 3. Hvenaer parf ma~ur
1 pess ekki? 4. Hvar fa menn vegabref? 5. Hvenaer purfa Nor~urlanda
II
buar ekki vegabref? 6. Hver hefur eftirlit me~ utlendingum? 7. Hva~
r parf I vegabrefi~, ef ma~ur fer~ast til Austur-Evropu? 8. Hva~ skrifar
logreglan I vegabrefi~? 9. Hva~ ertu har? 10. Hvernig eru augun I per
I' a lit inn ? 11. Ertu Ij6shaer~ur? 12. Hva~ gerir~u? 13. Hvar ertu
faeddur? 14. Er ra~legt a~ hafa me~ ser ve~abref hvert sem ma~~r fer?
15. Hva~ sparar pa~ manni? 16. Hverju mattu ekki gleyma, ef pu kemur
til 1sland s?
I'
f 130.
I, ,
I If)f) Samtal a g()tunni (A Conversation in the Street).
•
I• Lltil stulka stendur uti a g()tu og greetur. I:>ati er eitthvati
ati henni. Logreglupjonn ser hana og gengur til hennar .
I Nu a at5 hjalpa veslings saklausa barninu.
S. Ja, strax.
(Hann gengur inn 1 buti og kaupir sukkulat5i handa litlu
stUlkunni. Hun prlfur pat5 af honurn. )
L. Hvat5 segirtiu pa?
S. Meira. Miklu meira.
L. I:>u skalt fa lakkrls, ef pu segir mer hvar pu att heima.
S. (StUlkan tret5ur upp 1 sig sukkulat5inu o~ pegar hun er
buin met5 pat5 tekur hun at5 haor a. Uhu. Bu, bu.) (Mot5irin
9
kemur ut tir verzlun og flytir ser til hennar.)
M. : Nti, parna ertu, elsku litla stelpan mIn. Af hverju
e rtu at5 grata?
S. Loggan er yond vit5 mig.
M. Hvat5 hefur hann ge rt per?
S. Hann vill e kki ge fa me r gott. Og hann eetlar at5 setja mig
1 fangelsi.
M. Skammist per yt5ar ekki. Stor og sterkur karlmat5urinn
at5 hrekkja saklaust barnit5. t::g skal svei mer skrifa
urn petta 1 bl ()t5in ....
L. I:>etta er misskilningur ...
M. I:>er getit5 reynt at5 skyra pat5 tit seinna. Latit5 per
11til b()rn 1 frit5i og reynit5 at5 sja urn pat5 Bern per
hafit5 at5 gera.
(Meet5gurnar ganga burtu, en logreglupjonninn klorar
ser 1 hoft5inu. Hann veit sem er, at5 svona fer oft met>
rettleetit5 1 heiminurn. )
131.
Spurningar: 1. Hvar fer petta samtal fram? 2. Hver stendur uti a gatu?
3. Hvat5 ser logreglupjonmnn? 4. ~lvert gengur harrrr? 5. Hver jum
aetlar hann ati hjatpa? 6. Er eitthvat at stUlkunni.? 7, Er petta saet 11til
stulka? 8. Hefur stulkan tynt einhverju? 9. Hvernig graetur hun?
10. Hver a litlu stulkuna? 11. Hvar a hUn heima? 12. Hvar byr pabbi?
13. A:tla:c logreglupjonninn ati keyra stulkuna heim? 14. Hvat gefur hann
henni? 15. Hvati gerir stulkan viti sukkulatiiti? 16. Af hverju flytir
motiirin ser? 17. Er Laggan yond viti barniti? 18. A barniti at fara I
fangelsi? 19. Skammast lOJSreglupjonninn sIn? 20. :Pytiir nokku~ fyrir
lagreglupjoninn ati skyra maliti fyrir mammunni?
NOTES: Graetur (v. grata): crie s - eitthvati ati: something the matter
gengur (v. ganga): walks - a ati hjalpa: is to be helped - veslings: the
poor - saklausa (N dat): innocent - hvat er ati per: what is the matter
with you - pegitiu (v. pegja): shut up - tynt (v. tyna): lost - hastafum:
very loud - hvatia oskap er ati vita: well, well, what do you know
enga vitleysu (F acc): no nonsenSe - sukkulatii (N): chocolate - strax:
at once - miklu meira: much more - lakkrls (M): lickorice - tretiur
(v. trotia): stuffs - ati taka ati: to start to - haorga: cry violently
at fl yt a ser: to hurry (oneself) - prlfur (v. prlfa), snatches - verzlun (F):
shop - laggan (F): the cop - gert per: done to you - gefa gott: give s~eets
fan g elsi (N): prison - ati skammast sIn: to be ashamed of oneself - sterkur
policeman - klorar: scratches - veit sem er: knows the way it is - svo
fe r o ft : thus often goes - rettlaetiti (N): justice -. fer fram ( ati fara fram):
take s place.