Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Binangonan Campus

Project in Physical Education 2:

BASKETBALL

Submitted by:

VINCE ERROL A. OLIVEROS

BA II-2

Submitted to:

Mrs. RIZALITA BELLECA

Physical Education Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Basketball

II. History of Basketball

A. Origin of the Sport

B. Basketball in the Philippines

III. Drills

A. Passing

B. Dribbling

C. Shooting

D. Offense

E. Defense

IV. Facilities and Equipment

V. Positions

VI. Rules/Terminologies

VII. Documented Activities by BA 2-2

BASKETBALL
Basketball is a handball game usually played by two teams of five players. The objective is to get
the ball through a hoop mounted high on a backboard at each end. It is a very popular sport
worldwide, played with a round, orange ball that bounces. Basketball players mainly use skills
such as dribbling, shooting, running, and jumping.
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL:
ORIGIN OF THE SPORT
In contrast to other sports, basketball has
a clear origin. It is not the evolution from
an ancient game or another sport and the
inventor is well known: Dr. James
Naismith.
Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay
township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated
as a physician at McGill University in
Montreal and was primarily interested in
sports physiology.
In 1891, while working as a physical
education teacher at the YMCA International Training School (today, Springfield College) in the
United States, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding in 14 days an indoor game to
provide "athletic distraction" for the students at the School for Christian Workers (Naismith was
also a Presbyterian minister).
After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and lacrosse, Naismith recalled
the concept of a game of his school days known as duck-on-a-rock that involved accuracy
attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it.
Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the game of
basketball. Of course it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played with a
soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court just half the size
of a present-day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so balls scored into the basket had to
be poked out with a long dowel each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up and down while
moving) was not part of the original game.
The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by the YMCA
movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in many nations.
Although Naismith never saw the game develop into the spectacular game we know these days,
he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic sport at the 1936 Games held in
Berlin.

These are James Naismith original thirteen rules of basketball:

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.
 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he
catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for
holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The
first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall
disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as
described in Rule 5.
7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents
(consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and
stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball
rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first
person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The
thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any
side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men
according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which
side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and
keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.

The first basketball game

On December 21, 1891, James Naismith published rules for a new game using five basic ideas
and thirteen rules. That day, he asked his class to play a match in the Armory Street court: 9
versus 9, using a soccer ball and two peach baskets. Frank Mahan, one of his students, wasn’t so
happy. He just said: "Harrumph. Another new game". However, Naismith was the inventor of the
new game. Someone proposed to call it "Naismith Game", but he suggested "We have a ball and
a basket: why don’t we call it basketball?"[5] The eighteen players were John G. Thompson,
Eugene S. Libby, Edwin P. Ruggles, William R. Chase, T. Duncan Patton, Frank Mahan, Finlay
G. MacDonald, William H. Davis and Lyman Archibald, who defeated George Weller, Wilbert
Carey, Ernest Hildner, Raymond Kaighn, Genzabaro Ishikawa, Benjamin S. French, Franklin
Barnes, George Day and Henry Gelan 1–0.[6] The goal was scored by Chase. There were other
differences between Naismith’s first idea and the game played today. The peach baskets were
closed, and balls had to be retrieved manually, until a small hole was put in the bottom of the
peach basket to poke the ball out using a stick. Only in 1906 were metal hoops, nets and
backboards introduced. Moreover, earlier the soccer ball was replaced by a Spalding ball, similar
to the one used today.
YMCA, U.S. Army spread development

The YMCA had a major role in spreading basketball throughout the United States, Canada, and
the world. In 1893, Mel Rideout arranged the first European match in Paris, in Montmartre. At
the same time, Bob Gailey went to Tientsin, China, Duncan Patton to India, Genzabaro Ishikawa
to Japan, and C. Hareek to Persia.

The First World War broke out in 1914, and the U.S. Army started fighting in Europe in 1917.
During World War I, the American Expeditionary Force took basketball wherever it went.
Together with the troops, there were hundreds of physical education teachers who knew
basketball. Naismith also spent two years with the YMCA in France in that period.

Professional leagues, teams, and organizations

The first professional league was founded in 1898. Six teams took part in the National Basketball
League, and the first champions were the Trenton Nationals, followed by the New York
Wanderers, the Bristol Pile Drivers and the Camden Electrics. The league was abandoned in
1904. Then, many small championships were organized, but most of them were not as important
as some teams who played for money against challengers.

The Original Celtics, for instance, are considered the "fathers of basketball" and were presented
as "World’s Basketball Champions"; the players had to sign a contract to play with them, and
Jim Furey organized matches as a circus, moving daily from town to town. The Celtics became
the strongest team, and their successes lasted from 1922 until 1928, when the team disbanded
due to ownership problems. The Original Celtics are sometimes incorrectly thought of as
forebears of the current Boston Celtics of the NBA; in reality, they share only a name, as today's
Celtics were not founded until 1946, nearly two decades after the demise of the Original Celtics.
In 1922, the first all-African American professional team was founded: the Rens (also known as
New York Renaissance or Harlem Renaissance). The Rens were the Original Celtics’ usual
opponent, and for their matches a ticket cost $1. They took part in some official championships
and won the first World Professional Basketball Tournament in 1939. The team disbanded in
1949.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Eastern Basket Ball League (founded in 1909), Metropolitan Basketball
League (founded in 1921)[18] and American Basketball League (founded in 1925)[19] were the
most important leagues.

American colleges lead the way

The greatest level of early basketball activity outside of YMCAs was seen in American colleges.
The first known U.S. college to field a basketball team against an outside opponent was
Vanderbilt University, which played against the local YMCA in Nashville, Tennessee, on
February 7, 1893. The second recorded instance of an organized college basketball game was
Geneva College's game against the New Brighton YMCA on April 8, 1893, in Beaver Falls,
Pennsylvania, which Geneva won 3–0.

The first recorded game between two college teams occurred on February 9, 1895, when
Hamline University faced Minnesota A&M (which later became a part of the University of
Minnesota). Minnesota A&M won the game, which was played under rules allowing nine
players per side, 9–3. The first intercollegiate match using the modern rule of five players per
side is often credited as a game between the University of Chicago and the University of Iowa, in
Iowa City, Iowa, on January 18, 1896. The Chicago team, which was organized by Amos Alonzo
Stagg, who had learned the game from James Naismith at the Springfield YMCA, won the game
15–12. (Some sources state the first "true" five-on-five intercollegiate match was a game in 1897
between Yale and Penn, because the Iowa team, that played Chicago in 1896, was composed of
University of Iowa students, but did not officially represent the University of Iowa – rather being
organized through a YMCA.) By 1900 the game of basketball had spread to colleges across the
country .

By 1897 the U.S. Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) had taken over oversight of basketball activity
from the YMCA. In April 1905, representatives of fifteen colleges separately took over control
of the college game, creating the collegiate "Basket Ball Rule Committee." The Committee was
in turn absorbed into the predecessor of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in
1909. The extremely popular NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament was started in 1939.

First international games

After its arrival in Europe, basketball developed very quickly. In 1909 the first international
match was held in Saint Petersburg: Mayak Saint Petersburg beat a YMCA American team. The
first great European event was held in 1919 in Joinville-le-Pont, near Paris, during the Inter-
Allied Games. United States, led by future Hall of Fame player Max Friedman, won against Italy
and France, and then Italy beat France. Basketball soon became popular among French and
Italians. The Italian team had a white shirt with the House of Savoy shield and the players were:
Arrigo and Marco Muggiani, Baccarini, Giuseppe Sessa, Palestra, Pecollo and Bagnoli.

Formation of FIBA

World basketball was growing, but it was on June 18, 1932 that a real international organization
was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams: that day, Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece,
Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland founded the International Basketball Federation
(Fédération internationale de basketball amateur, FIBA) in Geneva. Its work was fundamental
for the first inclusion of basketball in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The first Olympic title
was won by the U.S. national team: Sam Balter, Ralph Bishop, Joe Fortenberry, Tex Gibbons,
Francis Johnson, Carl Knowles, Frank Lubin, Art Mollner, Donald Piper, Jack Ragland, Willard
Schmidt, Carl Shy, Duane Swanson, Bill Wheatley and the trainer James Needles. Canada was
runner-up; the games were played on an outdoor clay court. The first World Championship was
held in Argentina in 1950.
NBA

The Basketball league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball
Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association
(NBA) in 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL). As of the early
21st century, the NBA is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms
of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition.

American Basketball Association

The American Basketball Association (ABA) was founded as an alternative to the NBA in 1967
[29] at a time when the NBA was experiencing a lot of popularity. The ABA offered an
alternative ethos and game style as well as some changes in the rules. Julius Erving was the
leading player in the league, and helped launch a modern style of play that emphasizes leaping
and play above the rim. His playing strength helped legitimize the American Basketball
Association. The league emphasized excitement and liveliness, be it in the color of the ball (red,
white and blue), the manner of play, wild promotions, or the three-point shot. National
recognition and earnings were low, leading the league to look for a way out of its problems.
Merger with the more established and very successful NBA was seen as a solution. The ABA
was folded into the NBA in the summer of 1976, its four most successful franchises (the New
York Nets, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and San Antonio Spurs) being incorporated into the
older league. The aggressive, loose style of play and the three-point shot were taken up by the
NBA.

African Americans in basketball

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The Smart Set Athletic Club of Brooklyn and the St. Christopher Club of New York City were
established as the first fully organized independent all-black basketball teams in 1906. These
teams were amateur.

In 1907 the amateur, all-black Olympian Athletic League was formed in New York City
consisting of the Smart Set Athletic Club, St. Christopher Club, Marathon Athletic Club, Alpha
Physical Culture Club, and the Jersey City Colored YMCA. The first inter-city basketball game
between two black teams was played in 1907 when the Smart Set Athletic Club of Brooklyn
travelled to Washington, DC to play the Crescent Athletic Club.

In 1908 Smart Set Athletic Club of Brooklyn, a member of the Olympian Athletic League, was
named the first Colored Basketball World's Champion.

In 1910 Howard University’s first varsity basketball team began.

In 1922 the Commonwealth Five, the first all-black professional team was founded. The New
York Renaissance was founded in 1923.

In 1939 the all-black New York Renaissance beat the all-white Oshkosh All-Stars in the World
Pro Basketball Tournament.

From the late 1920s the African American Harlem Globetrotters were a successful touring team,
winning the WPBT in 1940.

The all-white National Basketball League began to racially integrate in 1942 with 10 black
players joining two teams, the Toledo Jim White Chevrolets, and the Chicago Studebakers. The
NBA integrated in 1950–51 seasons, just two years after its founding, with three black players
each achieving a separate milestone in that process. In the draft held immediately prior to that
season, Chuck Cooper became the first black player drafted by an NBA team. Shortly after the
draft, Nat Clifton became the first black player to sign an NBA contract. Finally, Earl Lloyd
became the first black player to appear in an NBA game as his team started its season before
either Cooper's or Clifton's.

After the integration of the NBA, the Harlem Globetrotters started to focus on international
touring and exhibition performances, including comic routines. These tours helped to popularize
basketball internationally, and gave the Globetrotters the reputation as Basketball's goodwill
ambassadors.

Modern-day NBA

The NBA has helped popularize basketball all over the world. A large part of this is due to the
transcendent stars that have played the game through the years. It was because of the play of
Michael Jordan that basketball started to reach international audiences, especially on the 1992
United States men's Olympic basketball team, known as the Dream Team.

After his final championship and second retirement in 1998, there was a void as in who would be
the face of basketball. Soon after with the help of Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant would go on to
win three straight championships from 2000–2002 with the Los Angeles Lakers, helping make
basketball more popular in many places around the world, most noticeably China. Further
championships in 2009 and 2010 helped raise his popularity. In 2015, he announced the
following season would be his last. He would have played in 20 seasons by then.

Another player who revolutionized the game of basketball was LeBron James. He was taken as
the first overall pick in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers, and has worked his way
to become the face of the NBA and basketball around the world. He left the Cavaliers in 2010 to
join the Miami Heat along with fellow stars Dwayne Wade and Chris Bosh in what become
known as the controversial decision, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013
before returning to the Cavaliers in 2014 where he won a third championship in 2016.

There have been many international players who helped globalize the game. The most noticeable
would be Yao Ming. He was the first ever Chinese player to be selected with the number one
overall pick in 2002 by the Houston Rockets. His play and presence in the NBA brought
attention to basketball in Asian countries.

The style of basketball has evolved over time as well. Basketball, especially in the 90's and
2000's, used to give importance to big men. Games were slow-paced and very defense-oriented.
Now because of teams like the San Antonio Spurs and the Golden State Warriors, ball movement
and team play is more common. The game has slowly moved away from this type of play. The
game now is up-tempo and teams are starting to involve a lot more three-point shooting in their
offenses. Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors has been a trendsetter with his shooting
abilities. In a way he has popularized and re-energized the notion of shooting among the youth.

BASKETBALL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Basketball is the most popular sport in the Philippines, played on both the amateur and
professional levels.

Basketball, which was invented at a YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts, was introduced to the
Philippines by the YMCA early in the American colonial period (1898–1946). The Philippines
won several medals in various pan-Asian competitions over the next few decades.

International competition

The Philippines played basketball in the Olympic Games beginning

in 1936, after the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established.

The Philippines became an independent country in 1946, and in the

1950s, the Philippines men's national basketball team did well in
international tournaments. The Philippine team won the gold medal
at the Asian Games in 1951, the first-time basketball was played.[1]
The Philippine basketball team dominated the Asian Games until
1962.[1] In the 1954 FIBA World Championship the Philippines
placed third, winning the bronze medal, the best performance by an
Asian team in the World Championship.
Carlos Loyzaga, the
Philippines most popular
Despite missing the first FIBA Basketball World Cup (known basketball player.
through 2010 as the FIBA World Championship), held in 1950 in
Argentina, the Philippines participated in the 1954 FIBA World Championship held at Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. The Philippines finished with a 5-2 win-loss record in the Final Round games,
and captured the bronze medal. The third place-finish is still currently the best finish by an Asian
country in the World Cup. Carlos Loyzaga finished as the world tournament's third leading
scorer (148 points/16.4 points per game) and was named in the FIBA World Mythical Five
Selection.

In the 1960s, the first FIBA Asia Championship was won by the Philippines with Carlos Badion
as the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Meanwhile, the Philippines won the right to host the third FIBA World Championship but were
suspended after then President Diosdado Macapagal, father of former President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, refused to issue visa to players from communist countries (notably
basketball powerhouse Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union).

In the Asian Games, after Carlos Loyzaga's retirement, the Philippines' dominance declined but
the country continued to play competitively in the Asian, and World Championships. While in
the Olympic Games, the Philippines played poorly, unable to reach the top 10.

The professional era

The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the birth of two new leagues: the Philippine Basketball
Association (PBA), founded in April 1975, and the Philippine Amateur Basketball League
(PABL) in 1983; both leagues replaced the 34-year-old MICAA.

The PBA is composed of 12 company-branded franchised teams. It is the first and oldest
professional basketball league in Asia and the second oldest in the world after the NBA.[2] The
league's regulations are a hybrid of rules from FIBA and the NBA. The league was founded in
Quezon City on April 9, 1975.[3] Its individual team offices are directed out of PBA head offices
located in Eastwood City in Quezon City.

In 1978, the Philippines hosted the FIBA World Championship and finished 8th in the
tournament, despite losing all its games. The event was the first World Basketball Championship
ever to be held in Asia.

In the 1980s, Northern Consolidated Cement, a team composed of the country's national
basketball training pool, won the FIBA Asia Club Championship (1984), and earned the right to
play in the World Cup for Champion Clubs (1985) (1) in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The
Philippines got the 7th-place finished, the crowd loves them as small but terrible. The team also
captured the William Jones Cup championship.

In 1986, the Philippines won its fifth FIBA Asia Championship and earned the right to play in
the 1986 FIBA World Championship held at Madrid, Spain. The team failed to play in the world
championships due to political crisis, and the eventual coming of the Philippines' People Power
Revolution. Later in 1986, the Philippines captured the bronze medal in the Asian Games after a
controversial semi-final loss to South Korea.

In 1990's, the Philippines sent all-professional national teams in the Asian Games basketball
tournaments. The PBA was given the task to reclaim basketball supremacy in Asia but was
limited by the national association, the Basketball Association of the Philippines (BAP), to play
just in the Asian Games.

The first all-professional national team was formed in 1990, coached by Robert Jaworski, and the
team produced a number of PBA superstars such as Alvin Patrimonio, Avelino "Samboy" Lim,
and 1990 PBA Most Valuable Player Allan Caidic. The team finished second, and captured the
silver medal after losing to China in the finals. Allan Caidic and Samboy Lim were named in the
Asian Games basketball all-star mythical five selection.

In 1994, San Miguel Beermen, which captured the PBA All-Filipino Cup title, earned the right to
represent the Philippines in the Asian Games. The team also included loaned PBA players, and
amateur standouts. The PBA-San Miguel Philippines team finished fourth place after losing to
China, and Japan in the play-offs. Allan Caidic, Asia's most feared Filipino player, finished as
the Asian Games’ leading scorer, and was named in the Asian Games All-Star Mythical Five
Selection.

In 1998, the PBA formed the celebrated Philippine Centennial Team which captured the 21st
William Jones Cup championship and the bronze medal in the Asian Games held at Bangkok,
Thailand.

The centennial celebrations also witnessed the birth of the Metropolitan Basketball Association
(MBA), the Philippines second professional league.

In 2000, the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) celebrated its 25th anniversary and named
the "PBA's 25th Anniversary All-Time Team", the top 25 were – Johnny Abarrientos, William
"Bogs" Adornado, Ato Agustin, Francis Arnaiz, Lim Eng Beng, Ricardo Brown, Allan Caidic,
Hector Calma, Philip Cezar, Atoy Co, Jerry Codiñera, Kenneth Duremdes, Bernard Fabiosa,
Danny Florencio, Alberto Guidaben, Freddie Hubalde, Robert Jaworski, Jojo Lastimosa, Samboy
Lim, Ronnie Magsanoc, Vergel Meneses, Manny Paner, Benjie Paras, and Alvin Patrimonio.
Later, the PBA All-Star Selection beat the FIBA Asia All-Star Selection, which was led by
Filipino and MBA superstar Rommel Adducul.

DRILLS

PASSING

Types of Passes

There are essentially two types of passes:

Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting the floor.

Bounce Passes - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended receiver

Each type of pass comes with its own variations.

Basic Variations:

- Chest Pass

- Bounce Pass
 - Overhead Pass

- Wrap Around Pass

Advanced Variations:

- Baseball Pass

- Dribble Pass

- Behind-the-Back Pass

- Pick and Roll Pass

TEACHING POINTS

When teaching passing, points of emphasis should be:

- A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch

- When passing, step toward your receiver.
- When catching, step toward the pass
- Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accomplished by following
through on every pass.

Basic Passes

CHEST PASS

The chest pass is named so because the pass originates

from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the
sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When
the pass is thrown, the fingers are rotated behind the
ball and the thumbs are turned down. The resulting
follow through has the back of the hands facing one
another with the thumbs straight down. The ball should have a nice backspin.

When throwing a chest pass, the players should strive

to throw it to the receiver's chest level. Passes that go
low to high or high to low are difficult to catch.

BOUNCE PASS

The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion

however it is aimed at the floor. It should be thrown far
enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the
receiver. Some say try to throw it 3/4 of the way to the
receiver, and that may be a good reference point to start, but each player has to experiment how
far to throw it so it bounces to the receiver properly. Putting a proper and consistent backspin on
the pass will make the distance easier to judge.

OVERHEAD PASS

The overhead pass is often used as an outlet pass.

Bring the ball directly above your forehead with both
hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Aim
for the teammate's chin. Some coaches advise not
bring the ball behind your head, because it can get
stolen and it takes a split-second longer to throw the
pass.

WRAP AROUND PASS

Step around the defense with your non-pivot foot. Pass the ball with
one hand (outside hand). It can be used as an air or a bounce pass.
You will often see the wrap-around, air pass on the perimeter and the
wrap-around, bounce pass to make an entry into the post.

Advanced Passes

BASEBALL PASS

A baseball pass is a one-handed pass that uses the

same motion as a baseball throw. This is often
used to make long passes. Be careful with young
kids. You don't want them throw their arms out.

DRIBBLE PASS

The dribble pass is used to quickly pass the ball with one hand off
of the dribble. This can be an air or bounce pass. You'll see Steve
Nash do this all of the time.

BEHIND-THE-BACK PASS

A behind-the-back pass is when you wrap the ball around your

back to throw the ball. It is used to avoid the defender when
making a pass across the front of you would be risky. It can
also be used to throw the ball to a player trailing on the fast
break.
PICK AND ROLL PASS

This is a pass that is used when the defenders double-team or

switch on the pick and roll. If dribbling to the right, your left side
is facing the target and you bring the ball up from your right side
to throw the ball overhead to the screener who has either rolled to
the basket or popped to the perimeter. The pass is used to shield
the ball from the defender, and many times is thrown in "hook
shot" fashion. Advanced players can do this while slightly fading
away from the defender.

DRIBBLING

Sharpening your ball-handling skills and dribbling fundamentals gives you a decided advantage
over any defensive player. It is important to learn which type of dribble to use in a given
situation. Some types of dribbles are designed to advance the ball quickly up the court, while
others allow you to go past your defender. With all types of dribbles it is important to keep your
head up so that you can see teammates when they have scoring opportunities.

Types of Dribbling

High Bounce

The high dribble is used when you are trying to move the
ball up the court very quickly. Typically, you will see high
dribbles after steals and during fast-break opportunities. To
execute a high dribble, keep you torso erect and push the
top of the ball forward, well ahead of your body. The
bounce of the ball should reach anywhere from between
your upper thigh to slightly above your waist.

Change of Pace

A change of pace dribble is used to cause your defender to lose his

balance as you move the ball forward with a high dribble. The change
of pace occurs when you slow your momentum moving the ball
forward and relax your torso. The defender, thinking you are slowing
down, goes back on his heels. You rapidly accelerate past him.

Crossover

If your defender is making a strong attempt to prevent you from

going right or left, using a crossover dribble can be effective. For
example, if your defender is trying to prevent you from going to
your right, you would perform a crossover dribble to your left. To do so, flick the ball across
your body from your right hand to your left hand, while simultaneously
moving your right foot across your body to your left. It is important to keep
your body low; your dribble should be no higher than your knees. Accelerate
past your defender by pushing off with your left foot.

Between the Legs

The between the legs dribble is used to go past a defender who is overplaying
you. If you are going left, begin with rapid low dribbles with your right hand.
Take a deep step forward with your left foot and flick the ball through your
legs to your left hand. Keep your body low as you move forward to your left.

Behind the Back

If you want to change directions while keeping a good view of

the entire court, a behind the back dribble can be effective. If
you want to move to your left, begin dribbling with your right
hand. To execute this dribble you need to place your hand on the
side of the ball. Step forward with your left foot while
simultaneously wrapping the ball behind your back, across the
back of your thighs, and flick the ball toward your left hand. Be sure to plant your right foot
before stepping forward with your left foot.

SHOOTING

The object of basketball is to shoot the big orange ball through the slightly larger circular hoop.
Shooting is one of basketball’s basic skills, and one new players are typically eager to learn.
While some players specialize in certain types of shots, all-around players learn as many as
possible to maximize their scoring options.

Shooting Fundamentals

Most shots involve similar physical mechanics. Square your shoulders to the basket, place the
fingers of your shooting hand under the ball, tuck your elbow close to your body and balance the
ball lightly with your non-shooting hand. Extend your shooting arm toward the hoop and flick
your wrist to release the shot. Shoot with your fingers and generate most of the power with your
wrist, not your arm. Follow through directly toward the target with your shooting hand. You’ll
typically aim for a spot above the middle of the rim. From close range, aim for a spot on the
backboard.
Types of Shooting

Jump Shot

The jumper is used most frequently for mid- to long-range

shots, including three-point attempts, although you can
use it from short range to gain separation from a defender.
Jump straight up and use the basic shooting form. Release
the ball at the peak of your jump.

Set Shot/Free Throws

The two-handed set shot was once the common way to shoot
from the perimeter. Today it’s typically only used by young
players who lack the strength to shoot with one hand. A free
throw, however, is basically a type of set shot, although it’s
almost always performed with one hand. Use the standard
shooting form, but don’t jump.

Layup

You’ll typically shoot layups from very close range after dribbling to
the basket, or taking a pass near the hoop. Typical layup form involves
grasping the ball with two hands, raising it in front of your face and
banking it off the backboard, which all occurs while you’re in motion.
A putback of a missed shot is also technically a layup. If you can jump
well enough you may also raise the ball as high as possible and flip it
straight through the rim.

Post Shots

Centers and power forwards who typically operate near the basket often
use short shots. A turn-around jumper begins with your back to the
basket. You then jump away from the hoop while leaning back and
simultaneously pivoting about 180 degrees to face the basket before you
shoot. For a hook shot, stride into the lane with your back to the hoop
while keeping your torso between the basket and the ball. Turn your non-
shooting shoulder toward the hoop, jump, raise the ball straight up and
flip your wrist to take the shot.

Dunk

The dunk, basketball’s most spectacular shot, relies more on

jumping ability than shooting skill. If you can jump high enough,
and hands large enough to control the ball, leap, lift the ball above the rim and push or throw it
through the net.

OFFENCE

An offense is your method to score baskets and get open shots against your opponent. Most
coaches consider their offense to be a continuous motion or a play that can be run over and over
again. It's common to have more than one offensive set, usually a primary offense and a
secondary offense.

In addition, most basketball coaches will have a variety of set plays at their disposal. Set plays
are usually just run through one time in special situations. For example, you might want to run a
set play at the end of the game or when your offense is stagnant and you really need a basket.
Then, if the set play doesn't work, you can flow into your primary offense.

DEFENCE

In basketball, playing defense means trying to stop your opponent from scoring. The rules of
basketball spell out how and under what circumstances the defense can attempt to stop offensive
players. The majority of personal fouls are called over illegal contact by defenders.
Understanding the basic rules of basketball defense can make you a better defender and all-
around player.

Legal Guarding Position

Basketball rules define the exact movements and position a defender must take in order to
establish legal guarding position. A player who has both feet on the ground and is facing his
opponent has established legal guarding position, according to the National Collegiate Athletic
Association. Any contact with an offensive player while a defensive player has legal guarding
position is considered either incidental contact or a foul on the offense. A player may move to
the right, left, or back up and still keep the same legal guarding position. Once a player has
established legal guarding position, it is the responsibility of the offensive player to move or
change directions in order to avoid contact.

Secondary Defender

In college and the National Basketball Association, a secondary defender is not allowed to draw
an offensive foul while underneath the basket. A secondary defender is defined as a player on
defense who is not actively defending a player making a move to the basket, but comes in to help
a teammate acting as a primary defender on the offensive player. In the NBA, a semi-circle is
painted under the basket to help officials determine if a player is positioned in an area where this
rules applies. In college basketball, no line exists, and it is up to the official to determine if the
secondary defender is under the basket.
Defensive Three-Second Rule

In the NBA, defensive players may not be in the free-throw lane for more than three seconds
without being within arm’s reach of an opponent. Defensive players may defend anyone on the
other team in order to comply with this rule, including double-teaming another player. The count
is suspended when the ball is in the air on a field-goal attempt, when the player begins actively
guarding an opponent, or when there is a loss of team control by the offense. Failure to comply
with this rule results in a technical foul. One free throw is awarded to the offensive team, and the
ball is awarded out of bounds to the offensive team on the side of the court at the free-throw line
extended.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS

Backboard

A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a raised vertical

board with an attached basket consisting of a net suspended from a
hoop. It is made of a flat, rigid piece of, often Plexiglas or tempered
glass which also has the properties of safety glass when accidentally
shattered. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and
international basketball. In recreational environments, a backboard may
be oval or a fan-shape, particularly in non-professional games.

The top of the hoop is 10 feet (305 cm) above the ground. Regulation backboards are 72 inches
(183 cm) wide by 42 inches (110 cm) tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches (46 cm) in
diameter. The inner rectangle on the backboard is 24 inches (61 cm) wide by 18 inches (46 cm)
tall.

Basketball Court

The basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a

rectangular floor with tiles at either end. In professional or
organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually
made out of a wood, often maple, and highly polished. Outdoor
surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such
as concrete or asphalt.

Dimensions

Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the National

Basketball Association (NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 by
15.2 m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules,
the court is minutely smaller, measuring exactly 28 by 15 metres
(91.9 by 49.2 ft). A high school court is slightly smaller, at 84 by
50 feet (25.6 by 15.2 m).[citation needed] In amateur basketball,
court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.0 m)
above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc
at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from
within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line,
where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc at 15 feet from the
basket. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still
worth 2 points.

Area NBA FIBA WNBA NCAA[3] U.S. H.S. U.S. Junior H.S.

Imperial Metric Imperial Metric Imperial Metric Imperial Metric Imperial Metric Imperial Metric

Court length 94 ft 28.65 91.86 ft 28 m Same as NBA 84 ft 25.60 74 ft 22.56

m m m

Court width 50 ft 15.24 49.21 ft 15 m Same as NBA 42 ft 12.80

m m

Rim height 10 ft 3.05m Same as NBA

Restricted 4 ft 1.22 m 4.10 ft 1.25 m Same as NBA 3 ft 0.91 Non-existent

arc radius m

Center circle 12 ft 3.66 m 11.81 ft 3.6 m Same as NBA

diameter

3-point line 23.75 ft 7.24 m 22.15 ft 6.75 m Same as FIBA 20.75 ft 6.32 19.75 ft 6.01 Same as high
distance from 22 ft in 6.70 m 21.65 ft 6.60 m m m school
the basket corner* in in in
corner* corner† corner†

Key (shaded 16 ft 4.88 m 16.08 ft 4.9 m Same as NBA 12 ft 3.66 Same as NCAA
lane or m
restricted
area) width

Free-throw 15 ft 4.57 m 15.09 ft 4.6 m Same as NBA

line distance
from point on
the floor
directly below
the
backboard
Sections

Center circle

The only two players permitted to enter this area prior to the tipoff are the players contesting the
jump ball (usually but not always centers). Both players jump when the referee throws the ball in
the air, each attempting to tap the ball into the hands of a player of their own team.

Three-point line

The three-point line is the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point area; any
shot converted beyond this line counts as three points. If the shooting player steps on the line, it
is counted as two points. Any foul made in the act of shooting beyond the three-point line would
give the player three free throws if the shot does not go in and one if it does.

The distance to the three-point line from the center of the basket varies depending on the level or
league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances, with the league or level
using each distance:

19.75 ft (6.02 m): High School

20.75 ft (6.32 m): NCAA

21.65 ft (6.60 m) to 22.15 ft (6.75 m): WNBA and FIBA

22 ft (6.71 m) to 23.75 ft (7.24 m): NBA

The NBA adopted the three-point line at the start of the 1979–80 season. This is of variable
distance, ranging from 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners to 23.75 feet (7.24 m) behind the top of the
key. During the 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address
decreased scoring by shortening the overall distance of the line to a uniform 22 feet (6.7 m)
around the basket. It was moved back to its original distance after the 1996–97 season. FIBA and
the NCAA both adopted the three-point line in 1985.

In most high school associations in the United States, the distance is 19.75 feet. This was
formerly the distance for college basketball as well. On May 26, 2007, the NCAA playing rules
committee agreed to move the three-point line back one foot to 20.75 feet for the men. This rule
went into effect for the 2008–2009 season. The three-point line for women (NCAA) moved back
one foot to 20.75 feet at the start of the 2011–2012 season.

The international distance, used in most countries outside the United States and in FIBA and
WNBA competition, is currently 6.6 m (21.65 ft) to 6.75 m (22.15 ft).
Perimeter

The perimeter is defined as the areas outside the free throw lane and inside the three-point line.
Shots converted (successfully made) from this area are called "perimeter shots" or "medium-
range shots." If a player's foot is on the three-point line, the shot is considered a perimeter shot.

Low post area

The low post is defined as the areas that are closest to the basket but outside of the free throw
lane.[4] This area is fundamental to strategy in basketball. Skilled low post players can score
many points per game without ever taking a jump shot.

Key

The key, free throw lane or shaded lane refers to the usually painted area beneath the basket; for
the NBA it is 16 feet (4.9 m) wide, for the NCAA it is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide; for both instances it
extends 15 feet (4.6 m) from the backboard. At the top of the rectangle is the free throw line,
behind which players shoot uncontested shots when they're fouled. A circle is drawn around the
free-throw line with a 6 feet (1.8 m) radius; this is used for jump ball instances, as is done at the
center circle. Two 6-inch hash lines, 3 ft from the free throw lane line and 5 ft 8 in from the free
throw line, show the lower defensive box linked to the restricted area.

For FIBA tournaments, since October 2010 the key has been a rectangle 4.9 m wide and 5.8 m
long. Previously it was a trapezoid 3.7 meters (12 ft) wide at the free-throw line and 6 meters (19
feet and 6.25 inches) at the end line.

The key is primarily used to prevent players from staying beneath the basket of the opponents'
team for long periods (maximum three seconds).

Restricted area arc

The restricted area arc is a semi-circular arc drawn around the area directly underneath the
basket. With some exceptions, members of the defending team cannot draw charging fouls in this
area. The restricted arc in all North American rule sets above high school level (NCAA men's
and women's, NBA, and WNBA) has a radius 4 feet (1.22 m) from below the center of the
basket. The NCAA restricted area arc was originally established for the 2011–12 men's and
women's seasons at a 3-foot (0.91 m) radius from below the center of the basket, and was
extended to match the (W)NBA radius for the 2015–16 season and beyond.

Other lines

On NBA floors, two hash marks are drawn at the end lines near the key to mark the area known
as the lower defensive box. A defensive player is allowed to draw a charging foul within the
restricted arc if the offensive player receives the ball and/or starts his drive within this area.[5]
Also, two lines are drawn on each of the sidelines, 28 feet from each of the endlines, which
designates the extent of the coaching box and bench. This line marks the farthest extent a coach
(aside from the sidelines) can stand. Directly behind this area is the team bench.

On the half-court line of NBA floors two lines extend outside the playing court, designating the
place where substitutes wait before they can enter the playing court; directly behind this area are
the various off-court officials such as the timekeeper and reserve referee.

FIBA changes

On April 26, 2008, FIBA announced several major rules changes involving the court markings.
These changes took effect for major international competitions on October 1, 2010, after that
year's World Championships for men and women, and became mandatory for other competitions
on October 1, 2012 (although national federations could adopt the new markings before 2012).
The changes were as follows.[6]

The shape of the key changed from a trapezoid to a rectangle as it is in the NBA, with NBA
dimensions.

The three-point line moved back to 6.75 metres (22 ft 1.7 in) from 6.25 metres (20 ft 6.1 in),
compared to 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) for the NBA at the top of the arc.

The FIBA adopted the NBA's restricted area arc with a marginally wider radius of 1.25 metres (4
ft 1.2 in).

Breakaway Rim

A breakaway rim is a basketball rim that

contains a hinge and a spring at the point where
it attaches to the backboard so that it can bend
downward when a player dunks a basketball,
and then quickly snaps back into a horizontal
position when the player releases it. It allows
players to dunk the ball without shattering the
backboard, and it reduces the possibility of
wrist injuries. Breakaway rims were invented in
the mid-1970s and are now an essential element
of high-level basketball.

In the early days of basketball, dunking was considered ungentlemanly, and was rarely used
outside of practice or warm-up drills. A broken backboard or distorted rim could delay a game
for hours. During the 1970s, however, players like Julius Erving and David Thompson of the
American Basketball Association popularized the dunk with their athletic flights to the basket,
increasing the demand for flexible rims.
While several men claim to have created the breakaway rim, Arthur Ehrat is recognized as the
inventor by the Smithsonian Institution's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention &
Innovation.A resident of Lowder, Illinois, Ehrat worked at a grain elevator for most of his life
and barely knew anything about basketball. In 1975, his nephew, an assistant basketball coach at
Saint Louis University, asked him to help design a rim that could support slam dunks. Using a
spring from a John Deere cultivator, Ehrat designed a rim that could bend and spring back after
125 pounds of force were applied to it. He called his device "The Rebounder". In 1982, he was
awarded a patent for his invention, which was officially called a "deformation-preventing
swingable mount for basketball goals".

The breakaway rim was first used by the NCAA during the 1978 Final Four in St. Louis.
Although Darryl Dawkins notoriously shattered two backboards with his dunks in 1979, the old-
style bolted rim structure was not phased out of the NBA until the 1981–82 season, when
breakaway rims debuted as a uniform equipment upgrade.

Basketball Key

The key, officially referred to as the free

throw lane by the National Basketball
Association (NBA) and the National
Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA),
the restricted area by the international
governing body FIBA, and colloquially as the lane or the paint, is a marked area on a basketball
court surrounding the basket. It is bounded by the endline, the free-throw line and two side lines
(freebody lines), and usually painted in a color different than the rest of the field. It is a critical
area on the court where much of the action takes place in a game.

Dimensions of the key area have varied through the history of the game. Starting with 2010
FIBA's rule amendments (first implemented after the 2010 FIBA World Championship), it is
rectangular for all games, being 16 feet (4.9 m) wide for both NBA and FIBA keys, while NCAA
keys are narrower at 12 feet (3.7 m). Prior to 2006, the key in FIBA-sanctioned tournaments was
trapezoidal in shape.

The most-commonly enforced rule on the key is the "three seconds rule" in which a player from
the offensive team is prohibited from staying on the key for more than three seconds, or else the
player's team will lose possession of the ball. Another rule enforced is the lane violation in which
players from both teams are prohibited to enter the lane until after the free-throw shooter releases
the ball from his hands. A recent innovation is the introduction of the restricted area arc directly
underneath the basket where the defending player cannot force an offensive foul on the opposing
player.

Basketball (Ball)

A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs

typically range in size from very small promotional items only a few
inches in diameter to extra large balls nearly a foot in diameter used in
training exercises. For example, a youth basketball could be 27 inches (69 cm) in circumference,
while an NCAA men's ball would be a maximum of 30 inches (76 cm) and an NCAA women's
ball would be a maximum of 29 inches (74 cm). The standard for a basketball in the NBA is 29.5
inches (75 cm) in circumference and for the WNBA, a maximum circumference of 29 inches (74
cm). High school and junior leagues normally use NCAA, NBA or WNBA sized balls.[1][2]

Aside from the court and the baskets, the basketball is the only piece of equipment necessary to
play the game of basketball. During the game, the ball must be bounced continuously (dribbling),
thrown through the air to other players (passing) and towards the basket (shooting). Therefore,
the ball must be very durable and easy to hold on to. The ball is also used to perform tricks
(sometimes called freestyling), the most common of which are spinning the ball on the tip of
one's middle finger, dribbling in complex patterns, rolling the ball over one's shoulder, or
performing aerobatic maneuvers with the ball while executing a slam dunk, most notably in the
context of a slam dunk contest.

POSITIONS

There are five players per team in a basketball game

and each player plays a specific position on court.

Each position can be thought of as a role, although

these roles can be a hybrid when each player is
required to play two or more positions at one time.
This is due to the nature of the sport where players
move around the court and play flexibly, doing what is
needed in a given situation.

Here are the five basic positions in basketball.

1. Centre

The centre is generally the tallest player who is positioned near the basket as he must be able to
get up as high as possible for rebounds. He is also required to be more physically domineering
with more physical strength and overall athleticism.

Offensive -- The centre's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are required to block
defenders, and to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centres are expected
to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.

The centre should be good at making quick jump shots, hook shots, and using the backboard on
his shots.

Defensive -- On defense, the centre's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by
blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get more rebounds because
they're taller.
2. Power forward

The power forwards are usually the next tallest players in the team, who are closest to the centre
in physical attributes and playing style, but with more speed. A forward may play under the hoop
or are expected to operate in the wings and corner areas.

They must be strong and comfortable with a lot of physical play and must be an effective
rebounder and effective inside shooter like the centre. The power forward is also expected to
shoot from further distances than the centre.

3. Small forward

The small forward is usually the shorter of the two forwards on the team. However, the small
forward must have enough height and ability to play inside, and on top of that, play like the
centres and power forwards, but also be able to guard.

Small forwards are also the second or third best shooters from distance of the five positions as
they also play defensive roles.

4. Shooting guard

The shooting guard is potentially the shortest player in the team. However, he has to be good at
dribbling fast, passing and having court vision by seeing the court. He is responsible for bringing
the ball down the court and setting up offensive plays.

The shooting guard is also the player who takes the most shots. He needs to be an accurate
shooter from three-point range.

The shooting guard is potentially the shortest player in the team. However, he has to be good at
dribbling fast, passing and having court vision by seeing the court. He is responsible for bringing
the ball down the court and setting up offensive plays. In terms of height, shooting guards are
taller than point guards.

5. Point guard

The point guard needs to be the best ball handler, dribbler and passer as he handles the ball the
most out of all the players on the team. He needs to bring the ball down the court and initiate
offensive plays.

Point guards can also be the shortest player on the team as they use their intelligence and court
vision to coordinate all his teammates on offense.

Point guards need to have a good long distance shooting, though it's not quite as crucial as for
shooting guards. However, some point guards take as many shots as shooting guards
RULES/ TERMINOLOGIES

Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through
a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the
court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-
court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten
seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once
the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the
ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the
ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the
ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a
basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points.
A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats
involving the number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a
shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon
where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other
types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have
accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is
awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If
he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.

Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is twenty
minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six)
minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There is a gap of several minutes
between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at the end of
regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are played until a winner emerges.

Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is their scoring
basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one player from either team at
center court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on
the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In addition to stealing the ball from an
opposing player, there are other ways for a team to get the ball.

One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

Fouls and Violations

FOUL

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• Coaching Youth Basketball Successfully

• 60+ Youth Basketball Drills

• Simple Offense for Youth Basketball

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

Hitting

Pushing

Slapping

Holding

Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a
limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws
if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and
they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway,
he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.

Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed
upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass
the ball onto the court.

One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player
who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another
free throw.

Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player
receives two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.

Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.

Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching.
This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the
free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.

Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve player
contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity,
obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details
regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.

VIOLATIONS

Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling.
Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.

Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.

Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the
dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.

Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the
same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and
awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the
basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while
it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an
offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.

Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot
go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass
inbounds.

Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does
not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a
player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some
states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time
frame.
Dribbling Drills by BA 2-2
 Shooting Drills by Ba 2-2

Sample Play without Rules Applied

 WORKS CITED

http://www.thebasketballworld.com/history.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_basketball
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Basket
ball_in_the_Philippines.html
https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/fundamentals/passing.html
https://www.livestrong.com/article/506137-types-of-dribbles-in-basketball/
https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/offenses.html
https://www.livestrong.com/article/143298-basketball-defense-rules/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backboard_(basketball)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_(ball)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_court
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakaway_rim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(basketball)
https://www.myactivesg.com/sports/basketball/how-to-play/basketball-rules/basketball-
positions-and-roles
https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html