; Weegee wey Variable Load on power station ysdecertee Cann, ‘Sub-Assistant Engineer (DESCO) ExAGM BREB (PES) OEEIITS Moxienum demand Connevted load Load fotov = Averge toetDemand Moodynum demand H Demand fotor = Diversity foutor = _sum ef individual mania deman 4 Maximum demand on the power station Suen ef indivi dual manimnumn demand Maximum demand of the i verge deman B pont detryhplont capesty Sekov = a a B Plont use foctor — Stati output in kwh eh Plant Capouity x Hours of use rong S see Utiligetin foutoe = Marimum demend Rated Plont Copwity capouty, i % SS Lond foutsr = sae aes ae H Demand of groups atthe time EComeued wd X Demand joues ag the System pew demand ap diversity Sramx Peak diversity fetor BP Group diversity fator = B Resevver Capecity = plant capuity— Manimum demand ,ee pitas describe He [ond curve hetp in Selection The curve Sawing the’ Verietion toad on the porer stetion with sresped to Lime is wnewn ob load Curve . Load Curves oes : Cao Seo eg ae ht aot DE Ee Mia Nom te Night — How > Form Lond Curve we com ensity find out cite and number of geneeting mit. Sey fer example inthis turve et mid night demnd 1S L2MW So lowes generoting Stating voting Should Le 12MwW and ot apm {ts eed is manimmum So 4 swum of all Ueki shtin Chould Be manecthen EMW. Fir future plan 20-30 percent entra vetivg Ts weaved | BW connected toad s-Tt is the sum ef tontinusws woking fh alt eauipm ents tormented te Sup Sytem TH Maxiyhum demand :- Lt is the greatest demang ef loed onthe Power Station curing age Period, Th Demoma decker’ Tt is the vetio ¢ Minimum demand onthe power Stetion fo it tonnereed Load sae — Moninun 16d Demand Lonnt-ea [ord The value of demani fector is waetty len then 4 The Knowledge A demend Leta ie vital to dete. oh Gatin alasAverage Lood, tx The averege of \eeds ocesrring on the power Stetion in a Aiven period (degormonts ov year) is known 9 avenge demand. Dolly avovoge tend = NO. td wnits (kw) genereted in a deg 4 24 Wours, Monti avenge ited = Nt units yewn) ginertted in m movin Neamber ef hows in a month (3 0x24 No. et units(Kwh) genereted in aVear Yearly avernge ond = »: fFLO hows fo, ,e PISS gos Be eee amevetio J average loed tote manimum demand Si 2, es “baring 4 given peried is hee my lord fate, rors = Average Lo PY an tee ‘Plant Capesi ve versity Factor §- The A Load x Lped deck = Uma’ Core AT Eyes Joo the munimum demana on power stetim is Known od diversity feeter. Diversity footer — Sam cf individual man. demands Maw. demand on power Stem , A. power station Supplies lead te various types of Lersumers whose wnunimum demand generly do not eccerr at the Some time therefore ‘ne mnnaimauen demand on the power Stet is always lets then the gum ef individud manimum demands of the tentumers. Obviowly diversity Leck will mweys be greater Drum 4. THE greter Ene divenit, feotey the [ener is ‘the ust (eg qeearecne bh power, i = Si manimum demand GroupDiversity Futo Sumit indivldudl menimana, Aer epic fe is a Ear) ‘eon produced tothe thet Crud have been Neinivassien QUEL EPEC! rmovimmnn possible Kt reduced during © given pericd # ek produced ont enpout = Act ener ee fut li Shea ong tick tons hve berm preted Seton SRO GI — avenge demmndXT _ Average demons pe Xtand Pater plome CoTEYXT — “Plema, capouity. tors: Tt isthe votio f wwh generoted to the product of Plimb tepeity ana the number of hours tw wien “tre Plan wes Tn eperetion tention ta Chan auboud flutedemands - he tronedame Diversity will exist in the Hime ef ynaxiomum on the feeders and aso AS vegan ds ue feeders to the Sus wn and the Sub stetions to -the genesting station. As one ges from he Consumer, individual Vaaiations eve diménishing eters whieh syeaul E ir decreasing numerical valuts 4 diversity feetors as The power Plant end eb the System is approsched. “Table hayes Some ty PICM Value ae jet SHNSEN od diversity Sorters weer mst EN ee) 5 cd FR Resitentied " Permmercial | Inaustriel + Group diversity decker 3405 Vato ls 1a ole Diversity fetor between trom sfoomers 7 ve be Diverdity }ector between feeders eo Ve fal Diversity tector beeen sub stations VW ae WW aay pearDiversit Y heckor Vax hex te letne| v2xt aa V2 1X the diversity fectors between bansfermers , between feeders and hetwen substation eon be combined inte » single tem Common noherved to 0s pear diversity fautor. Moximum demand A a consumer Grrr? peak Diversity Fetor= Demand ef the Consumer grep at the ime. of Systern peak demand Peak diversity factor gives on indication ef the effertive demand of tne consumer group at The time st system peak demand ond isthe produce of the diversity fettors betwen tronelnmers between feeders ond between gub-Stations , when demand fector ama diversity Teokons ore vnown , the System pea demand Can be evaluated os Wnder,Oa g ax ¢ 5, &, oh of Lee, Lily, Line individual connertea toads of group eee i Ai gee d= demand gator of group 4 dp = n " eee Gy = qr, diversity factor for group 4 Tee ew Gi. = ” " u a i}. : ee iy = peax diversity Jeckor bor guouga Ke 2 CBO = pene diversity Te evide'g xe a A qouk A= FL XaN Maximum demand « = ae . nogidease nee " a a demond of group 1 at he time of the System pean Jon _ ZLixdy ~ ByxPy " ho ee ee 4 = ZUxde Gat Ehxd | Hh xde GixPh GiaxP, : System peak demand =Utilisation Factor > Maximum [pod Rated plant Capority load futor S Aveh Robes fPnt copait:Bxc2t | Avesidential Concmer has the dellawing feoreeu a@eadenlectes BR. Gi loow eavh, 2 Sans GOW each and t plug points oF lodw ewh, vee eh ejectiity duving a doy ts as under oe \2 midnight t2 50m ..-. one jon piaen Te . + 2 fans ana one light print Fom to dam Nil dom to GPM aton G pm to midnight . . -- 2tonsand bulbs Find @ Connected lord We) maximum demand ©) demand factor 2 nsumed in 24 (2) energy Consumed during 24 hours ) energy Co nours if adl devices ore used asl the day. | Sofi a | @ connected toad = (sxtob)+ (2x60) {2x 102) = 1120 watts ) shee Total wattee ak ditlerent Lime : Ss GENO? 2 mianight HP SOM 1x60 = Lowetts 5 am to FAM : ++» (2x60)+ (use) = 220~w F om +0 9am a Nil yomto Gem - @xe9) = 120w & pm to midnight - - @x)+(Gx08) = s20w Masimum demand = s20w (Ans) Connect 2d load 520. anil Gnsy u © demand Jortor Ml BD Energy consumed dosing 24 hours = (0x5) + (20x23 (120%8)+ (620%5) p-{ox2) = 4940wh =4.540Kwh (Gon) Lent tan tamve if all devices ove Used MN) theec Exompk-2-2 ne z = eee Oe cf 2 Comumers has the folowing electricity demon pethern on a typical winter deg nae oe os Load trom 12 rmidnight to som 100w from 5 om to bam kw from Gam to Bam Boo) Som gom te sem wil Srom spm pole midnight Consumer B: connected toad Load from tpm to FOmM from Fam to BoM from gow to loom re Jrom 19 am to 6PM 200W from 6 PM top eorw a5 celemate demand doctors cf both eno : Congumers (yr Find gr diversity faukor (2) Find MRE enexyy Consumed cen ind ek sea wets (2) Find the maximum energy whichenh erin’? oe octets ini2a hoyrs if his lood were constant end awl to Wis manimmum demand (ey Find dhe ve? 4 ackwoh ene fo manimuen energy tor exh. Moximam demand 4 consumer A @ Demon factor = ‘ Comurmen A aren eed od CNET A = Tee Gy a = 0.44 (Ans) Maximum demand ck consumer B Demand fect eleconss oe Connected lord of Ceniwrnoy g Ss 1 = i ee 0.333 a ‘ > oes fy conninel cone O Group diversit = ym eg ine ae ge roup diversity Jee” = “ytagirmamn demand THE GO i fron 182.909 mn) “188 nee(0) Energy consemed vy A duaing 24 Mowns = 100X5 Wooxl +20x2. OX) + 500} = 5500 wh Q Eee we " WB on 24m = 0X8 + 300K1-+ loroxe 200x 8 + 600xS = ¢peowh = Gash lens @ Maximum energy whieh A Could tongswme in 24 hours = (x24 = 2b.qnwh (Amy x = Rd @ubanss -.ad fei = 24 ywh ony Ackusl ener Sees = 2S = 0.m8s Q Foe Concent A, am emery 2h se seu cowl enc = b3 = 2475 Wee wins AD cr, Pankow 219 ete a? ou : usitied Mglas | trey vesitoroel Gume Snerting Com elee enim olathe Re a cciakng Hatten RIE EE rome ; ‘ apartments coun Waving & connerted. load of Suv eon as awplenciwall hove 25 gente purpose Shops enh Ming % comerted load aiuny Witte demand drvtor #02 ee wit have the following senvices in addition : Sexvice Connected Lond Demand foutor U Flowe mitt \oww oF 1 Saw mill Skw 0.8 | Laundry 20KW 0.65 1 cinema Bore ae ™ ight € Street lighting for the complex will consist of 200 tube lights : i ' 40 w eth. Te residential load, demand tortor, qrowr afeg se se ae ter ond pen diversity foctor my be assumed as 0.5,3.0 andThe guoup and pear diversity Jators Jor the commercial load aren as 2.09nd 16. The Street lighting demand, met be atcet and peak diversity Sutors may we taxen as unity Fina the increase in peak demand of the system vesulting grom this Compler. we 5 Motmex Law, anneted 2 ax pemend dean Demand a qrours at thetime of the System pea demand — Gong secsityJrdor x peak Smt sity gator Ce ‘ ASM v20 For Residential punpase Lond pvkelze Braud See OOS) = 6e0x5 = wv 38 ¢ connected load X5 = 3000K) see 5 Demand of Residential load et the time efethe s4seem pea demands 300% 05. 3X125 = 400Kw For commertial Lom: Commerted losd_= Howimum demand ef Coromercial VoAd S= (20x20 8) +(ox0-F)-H5x08) + (20x0.65)-+ (80x05) = abu Demand f Elammercial toad the time cf the System Manimum demand peak demand = Grog diversity footer X pean divers y = Oe 20X16 AG Demand ef street vgnting & hme the storm pea x) = BAW Tneresse in System penx demand = 40043048‘oblem 3R Guel te 24 A Centra stetion Supplies energy to two Sun stations . 4 Jeede tone off dom eon ed the Substations, the mocimum demands ore as under : Cenbral station 1oMw Sub station A ouw Sub stetion B g MW Feedys om Substation A 15,2)5)3 Mw Feedys on Substtim B 2, 4,5,1 MW Colculate the diversity frtors between > or (@ Substetions : oon > () feeders of Swostion & Wee Ge Swe Stotions | wie ae ©) feeders ot we - Centro Seastetion , Po—Feeder—4 A P=— Rederp Station icra ceed oie se heey Sule station B es ee Fedor. Gare or iene af ie 2) Divers; . " @) Diversity fector betwee sunstetiong= Ci Cinen A seas Maximum demand of centre} Sub gfodion S 6+8 To ee) pe © Diversity Saroe vetween ferders of Sue station A gum of manimumn demand af individual 4 feedoys from S4- Mooumum dem ondé Cubs A ee 15424543 Si 6 Satesity foctor between Jeeders sdugus takin & sum of maximum demand cf individual4 feeders horn sueshtin Mauimum demand Sup cam B. © pivers s a 3h = 4r541 A SONSe ea nee is 8 oes Caeser = 15 (ey sion Reyaet? Problem 4.5 | : ior B.R.Gupta A Seeder Sugplies 3 distribution trondoomers whieh Jed the Sallowing Connerted \oads = Teendhormen 4: Motor loads 30K, demand fear 0.6, Commercial tends tore, demand feukor 0.5 gesidentia loads SoKw, demand detor 0.44 ww, demand tector 0.5 nree. spanshormers Fronghormor 2: sFanshornen 3 gesidenti joad 40: or the loads on the se diversity eters aq voy be tonenss | g, 25 ond 3. the aiversity jeuror bebvewn fronghormers may be fonen Rei eS peak \oad on coh transformer (p) pene (ond 2 the. feeder. (@) gum ef enasionsn Lermavn peek /maxienweh yond on Lenses 1 = - ny Bherraer — 1 pivesit? fous meter sarangi A amdits load = (yonney ents) vs igpew (hs) Sox 04 > fh ee peax tord on ~rrangomer 32 pause ee (An) (W pen lord on the Reeder = cn dnl wenn ds OE ivensitg Futon wR paniwmes : Le bani ae 24.950 u peak 1pad on srongem ev ‘Example}24 The joad on @ power BR Gupta plant on a typical day is as under : Time 12-5 am 5D om 9-6P™M GPm-l0Pm 1opm—i2am Load (mw) 20 ao oa loo 20 Fina the toad fetor of the plomt and energy supplied by the Plant in 24 hows Eneett gupplien by the plant in 24 hours =(20x5)-+(40x4) 4(80x9)) + (10x4) +(20x2) x = yarzomwh (Any eos of upon tenend = Mt san we 8”. Load fectow = ate he cent pai Eye Maximum jemand oo Ol Soi wey 25 tne plont of Example 24 hes an inetonied copeuity ef 125m BR Gaping the coputy teter and the utilisation factor Example: BR Gupta verge gemnd 59.19 ¥ Nee ee C8 Capeeity Joctor = =a ae cat as 0.193 yet) i mend 100 isncw by _ Maxivown 4 a Utilisation Seeker = “pated plemt caparity 2s, = 0.8 (Aw) ——— a A a power plant is 4omW. “The Capaaty utilisation foutor is 0-8 - Find the 4, capauity Reserve copecity SF annus 2 r Fe maximam demen eckor is 0.5 and rhe p05) SS Lowa Sector. ey plan auction. encnty PO oe ity fear =the 0.625 (An) () Load peter = TH aiiisation fertor o ae er Maninwrn demand s © Mondrmwn demand _ & vtiliselion Sector = ET a plants Capecty Plant capeity = Ae = som (tro) (c) Reserve Cetectt = plant capesity — Maniinam demand Ba = haw a bocy KILNExample 2A0 i eee ‘me annual load duration curve of a Small hydroplant shows 433x104 nwh wf energy during the year Tt is o ean lee plent With 267, annusl ommend led fodtor. Find the station Cope TH plant capacity doctor is 15/, find reserve capacity of the plant Maas apeeccoonemaecia tyes) et Need. dasing yer AEE M onium Tord in aa “phe year > Mek ee OO ares asi ott 5 2S asmw washer Copecity fouten = Avearge Wee See Saset) oe see pa 7 eet => plant capoity = 50% ols = 9.533MW Gm) Resevver Capacity = Reser plant Copecity— maximum load = 4233-25 2 0 83> mw Amy in MET A powcr station is fo guppy 4 ovens where pen lead ere a Loookw, Go00KW, 8 000KW and FooDUW - THE diversity Grutor ads at the station is\-5 ond annual load fector is os. Find maximum demand on steton and annual energy Supplied Suggest insteted capaity toning into account the increase in Manimam demand by £077 type et station 4 sige of vnits : and num bex 9” sean of indivianel em load tn 4 Orne aal"t piversity outer = Mfpgarauom demand ont station : ‘ 00+ £008 FB OT+ F000 Manimum demand on Seetion = ee ae = 20.647 Mw) i jon = 20. GEIXO.LTX BHO ed by seution = 2° Anno energy onthe’ = M\76FF.90 wh (ave Installed cpouity = 20 GUE + 20.LUEALOZ. = 43.067 Mw (nd) For the aveve varue of incteted capacity tne POW cation con Rae wnbrcaacon oR aston = plot “te| diesel units ane manufecttwed in small size ‘ana therefore thi station will need too mond unt coos ‘ its ond the Cort would be ver | high. A gas tuning plant with 2 units ef i mw each ond two units ef Ismw each would be Suitable - The station will nave | a tot) installed Cepecity ocr S°MW and thus will have sdiiciot pesorve ceperrty als. oa Find the annual toed fettor iktne avenge daily \oed fouker is : cunzs, the retinas averene any penx late fo monthly peaw \ond is 0.87 and the rakio overpe monthly peak \ond te ann | peak lerdis 0.48. gels Annual load feuror = 0.825X 0.87% 0. 78> 0.5598 @w) Examp| : : BR nea A Seeder Supplies 3 distribution Lrongfermers which deed the following loads = gas Transfermey 4: Motor londs soonw, demand fertor 0-6 Xe Bey Commercial Loads 10oKW, demand deter 05 w xs oe a” “pvam@frmon 2. 1 Residential slondiscea demand decker 0.4 % © gesidentiA loads 400 KW, demontfeetw 0.5 gece} the.\onds onthe Lovee dranthonees o. Te diversity fostor Find @ peak load on coy Trangomer ~ sme diversity ¢ may be ten 9S 23, 25 and2- between trondwmers is 14 | 4rangmer (& pean lord in feeder. | Sum (@) peak load on saansermey 4 = versity eae | [Mirman demand zéonneed Lonberand Lranelwmer and its Ne ° _ eeonssh (en 5) on | peax load on sronthemer 2 = 5eoxed = goKW (amy | pean lord on srendwmers, 2 APEXS 5 yoo pw uo 1 ef 9 brome Gun ek individual peak demoma gf 9 tranttermedLoe The lends ef a Small locality are as under : problem: BR. Gupte : Time» 275% Sah te2, 9-1, |-2) feb, b-8) BIE Qesentiolnw Sob 1 (00 50 $0 20 god 400 street Light ow so 18 1A =e $0 $0 ceimereiel KW) (0-710, soe Uneaee mami ice ai00 cone yo Indugbrial Che Sov 100. spbeeene =o. Or BOS a Ome Find ws peak ity Tocelity &) enerda Consume baenh type cg \ond in 2d hours © \ond hector of ench Lond Wied fouror od He tored lond sol” 8) pear, toad At vocality = Oph (_ W& Energy comsurnet 4 gesidertiol Leradin 24 hows (sos) + (10x) + WH) ae{50x 4) sexi 45ex 4) we x + (gowx2) +e70%4) eee wah Ce) eee : = 4300 Se om ‘ ny ” street light "24 y= (0x5) 460s afsmea) o = ssonwh\ An) " 0 wh Commence nw 24. = (0X5) 4 fox2) 4-l00rx 2) fora) oe) OD) elon D4) = wh (AD - “ " Tawstrid a caasen Fz. w 2qn = (ors) +eex>t Er?) 4 (soot) +\yvex!)+\sma4) + (20x29 40x) sag enverh (Co) © upod ruton of Residembiol Trad = Avouge lend Mooi loo) 4300/2 ASANO. ¢arAlney a Shree Light = or = ssyty eee neo eommencil ow > v7g0/24 a = 0.512. (ers) ey {oo Habel? — 9.097 (ony ww Indust ows4) Lond footer adhe betel land = C254 5504 1250 + AaCO)/2q oT0 = 04G2 Qa) problem 2-7 d . BR Gopka The load curve an ejertrico] System is linen with Soliowing ‘problem +2-U1 values ot, didtevent times rier Mi 62 pele tee cee ct Lomd Mw 20 mt 0B ton 1D 2? LS Fins the ood tortor cf the System : (wy Find the copesity foster and wblisetion ror if the ste x oe Coperity 1S SMW. iS 5 avesege Damani peck GRO Lack dete Marrmum clemand 2 oe “Tenures + rants AUR 2B ee no 2 048 48 . Avennge lexd 100 048 Geom uer = secinie oot ene APY 4. 984 WO) Os Roan A \wed utilisation Lecter 2 acl a pant pe aes Da Gupta ThE yearly Lend dundtion ah © power plant isin bait line tye maximum Load is 0MW and the minimum Load iy 20 MW. The capeeity ot the plont is 35mw. Find of plant. Copmity posto ) Lond fertor (© ueivisotin fe averse jond = ae asegt sen : 2 Avenge ? @) plent caperityy faan = plont UPraty 4 £, = BE eomg fw 5 te) pond peer = Avenge Loe = ag ee wma Lred 30 oe "UA rae me ney ° thauimam Lod 30» esaower station is 100MW. Th the ta] ener genented in wn demand on oP Exempld-31 te matin 7, eneuleted the to vik med £ annual lord Sector is 40 oa yeor. gots Avert josd 2 Maximmnr? demand x 1004 outer BNI UO KR OY aomw ered ene"h genes ina yes = 40K BF60= asouxie7 wh (we Example 3-2 A genera gtorion Was © eonnerted \ond id qamn and & vik. MI i eing 61-5%\0 © mien pe Agee Pie Ue meen, e tor per enn coteulete 2 tHe Dinard geceee ont {0 sal drones Veet cement. Sec, onteiey tb Demand feuto A ret ax ey « osd tector = AV load , n Maximum Leed os x1 wit 020.55. avenge let "grt cn i 7 = whe RON oxi? = 020.55 Ke 9 = 0-351 \AM) wet Exompler33 ‘ vik A \oomw power station delivers \OOMW for 2 hours, SoMW gor 6 ovate shut an fon the pest ef enth doy. Tt iS ASO shut down for maintenance for 45 days enh Yeo" * caleulate its o load oukor- sol? s Ener supplied exch working OM > (yoox 2) +150x 4) ‘s90Mwh o doys in & yor apenas her =(3 ts-45) = 32 station at creel = 500x320 = 160,000 avwal Wt footow = wh supplied PPT annum max. demand in NW x ov ng Hows 160,00% e = 0.208 (Am Yoox S20X.4 0.208 (Are) eeeExample-3.q A gonersting Stetion has a maximum demand ef 25 mw, Vicente g ipad factor ef 60%, plant Capecity tortor of Fe. Find ji the reserve copacity ed the plant Sli the doily energy produced @nd Gi) moximam energy thet Could be prosuced daily if the plont while running as per schedule, were July joaded. Sdn ie nverne demundis 22x ot Plant Cpwity UN err, seers ema = ISMW | Plemt copouity | ot DPolont capocity = 18 soe ie Res » = 30 MW Ce ey 9? . , ; Bee Reserve Copatity = plant: capnity — Maximum demend Eyre BOWLS = SMW ) Ui) Deity energy produced = Avenge demend x24 = 19x24 = 360Mwh (Ans) ae eng prosaced ine GD Maximum energy that could be pease MAM = BE a oomwh fdr Ot Example-3.6 , oF vk. ehbo A power station has a maximum demand of IsoDokw. The annual load {outer is 507, and plant capacity fertor is 407° Determine the peserve Capority of the plant- SAI" enty genented/ amnuen = Mas: demand X LF. Hous in ayerr = Is000xsox &F60 = espe tot Plant capeuty outer = Units embed] annum Plant Capeityx Hours in a year > plant cpaity= Coax ve —V40x sree ee 18 750Kw Reserve Caparity = plant cepeity — Max: demand 18750-15000 wu 5750 Kw (Cy)types of Loess s-(iy Domestic Load \iiy Gmmnereiod Lond WITnduatriod Lond UY Mumivipl Need (wy Trvigakion ead (7 ‘Tre vtion Lead Eras ‘A diesel Stetion Supplies the dottowing Lard to Variowd tonjumert VK Meh Pegs ey oe ior wy See D avergedemons = kun genend ed POF Yen ae ctaS SatSe >) Imus trial lonsumer = 1S ooKw 3 Commercial establishment = 750kW Domestic power = 1poKw ; Demeatic Vignt = AsoKw TH tne manimum demand onthe Stetion is2500Kw and tHe Number of Kw generates per yearis asxio’, determine Gythe diversity feotey WS anna load focter, An cf indivitul marimwm domin "yen fety = SS ora Mesimuom demand Ae! ant Isov+F5eF 190 Se ae = ° 5 sa es ened Hows in a yewr e7e0 7 S13-P kw ornegN Annual lord fact — Averife demane _ 513.30 Manion demand —a cog” E37 ° : Vi menty / A Power Supply Is naving the Following lords Prac uf Tyre of ton Hox-demana(kw) Diversity ee ke Domestic. \Soo eo ee Commercial 2000 el 2: Trusted 10,000 Las r Th the overall system diversity footer is 1.35, determine (i) the manimum demomd ond ti) Lormectes ood ot encm type . ene, arto Loo Nertty fer = Se ef ineivinad Mane. demas Mea domena . Maximum demand = 150e+2000-+10008 edthe system a reea cieeeer oe ae Gem sum of mondemana of different dametic. Comumna — Man. domegtic demona Xdiversity f,A [ets domestic toed = 185° = aaconw Emvated Lommettid \ord > erent 2aaqun (hwy 5 as tonneded inguatrial Load = teeeeal t = 1LS00 kw x pe A At tneend of A power distribution System , a Certnin feeder supplies Lictribs Vix. Menty Praesy im transformers, each one Supplijing 2 aromP wf customers whose connected loods ove as under Tensbermer Load demand teeter piversity of grop cWinpeer ae asks! ots es) Tramfermer2 IL KW. ac ae Trondarmer 3 ISKW op Vs Td the diversity fevtey oomona “the tranchomens ig 1a tina the monionum toad on the feeder. son. Sur bmn demands ef Emsumers on Trandumer 4. Sey = Lanmerted lord xdomong forty = lowe.s = tskw Se, > Maxim demand on Trandemer 1 = 65 _ ee ran Te TA 3Siw aN a Re WD so URC Sp ocgkw MS. ‘i oa 0 6 ier a iste < "+ Mimirouom doman on desler = 433 -+ 205744 a = 10.3 Kw “ Mrimunt Demand ee eonnected V0Ad = Demand FetorExample v.K. Mehy 39 T+ hasbeen desived to instal a wiekes aa ae st pel power in O guestation ore having the following particulars : U) 100 houses with average connerted Tee cree lin renin use. feuter being 0.4 and 25 vespectively sre demons foutor and diversity maximum demand ef 90KW Ww 10 foutovies having overall (ii) 7 tubewells of peo emu ond epereting tegsther in the mening cme viversity Teer among above thee types of conumer city cA power station is 12. what Should be minimum CaP sol"! porona eur emnmedeed eed Maximum demand A Demestic od = : SOs pivesity tote Oe AY ADOKS % Son 28 2S eae OSES 4 : : | seca Maxinum demend © ap frurmies = >okw Maximum denen 4 elaemsell S STP 2 4gMw am of inavidud mowmen” dean . s : station = Maximum demend on Diversity eB plelaee vr wl aes = 315. 830 J Miivnuen Capeaity of pow gtetion equired = SIGKW [oyExamine A ‘ - = eS A generating station hos the Fallouing dally Tood CWE? crim (ioss)he= ore CoO atta Leslee Losd (Mw) - 4o 50 60 oe tet 40 Uy Maximum demand iO units Drow the load curve and fina ond (iv) lond fettor. qrnerted per doy (ii) averge eal se & ss SS SUS SOS = ; Loed in MW Figs Lod curve. Maximum demond = HOM (eo) = (a0xs) ae(s 0x4) + (60%) + 8x4) “Hqoxey) + (€0%4) = ™ 6a = 13 tex 105 eh eS) Wii) pverege toed = units enemted per St anid 24 = ae nq = 50,000KW a) eee ss Gy Load Sorter = emir iy Units genersted per det = ee A = ot (fd) =Exs.tl Vic Med Pge-S4] eh poner station hes to meet the foiuwing demand : Growp As 2osKw bexween 2 AM.omd CPM Grup | WOKW wetween GAM. And 10 A.M Group 6: Sokw bexwen CAM. and 10 AM vetwem IDA.M.dnd © PM and trum been opm. Gry? D> 100 KW and 6M ploat the daily load Curve oms determine Uy diversity fect ig units qemerokd eer die SLi Lona outer. eres Sols Time (tows) 9-6 6-8 910 2ovew = 200K to-1B 18-24 Grove A a ca aorB — 100 KW ye = : vo a = Sou * sow e sinustet py. woe aso WOOK Nese roe Seas que D | e100 = Ea Ate pe a ee sy Toy te ae 2 individwaed ‘ a i Rey _ sum fi vidwel mor demant , Man.dimand «4 thespttem, a 7 aor worsocin TT | fe 350 te ’ = el = batt ee 50 Tie W units generted pn dy ox e)+(50%2) = Oa y GE Wile + 5 et Dh + (ssn 2) +-(3 0% 8) -+(torxt & a ) Fig- Lead curve = 460 he = ipon wits (A Bo Averege lend iy Leed feucoe = mimo ea ey ee aeegesl 360 = osae (em) AsorS I!Ex-3.12] The daily demands of three consumers are given ele’ vs tls ome em hss ng a \amidniynt- gam. No lord 2oow No Lowa ZAM. +02 PM toow Nolo i“ 2o00w t200w 2PM+> 49M ‘Loow \ooow Muto 1ORM goow No Load No long See 200w No lend 2oOW dividual Comumers plotthe toad curve ana find (iy Minimum domend of inuivi (iy toed feotw of inaiviaal nie (ip diversity footer (LY) Lees or of the Stetion. ‘Lro othe f el Mae. demons ef Univer 10 P.M .+0 Mitniget scaled S \L00F in Roe giey sooow |e soo + ce Pi sate: i 4oor WOR Rcd ome EP 2A CR te iy Wek rer py W Lom Fats f tomamery — Emerg Came Han. demand x Hours ie Xoo aN in News, ie & Ox « ee Sat cee 45-87 (on) = VOOKB + 100K2 + rong) Janae TS ly 2O0X6 + 12x72. + 20x72 V20ex24 100 > 13 ¢ * f Wd Diversity forter = Beet ertiam 1s en & UY Load facter = TH eney Contmed/arg “gpm eae ae Mow domme 9. Ta vox 24 a eeEXample7313 Vik-Mebt A doily loud curve which exhibited a 15 minute Peake of sooonw is dyawnto Scoe lem = a2 hours and Icm= loDonw. The total avea under the load curve is measured by planimeter and is found to be tnem. Colenlete the load fortor bed on IS min- peak su": temef lod Curve nepresents |000xX2 = 2ov0Knwh Avenge demond = 2200 Aven of etd mvt 0h Hers in a dos SANE al) t wun Ee coro esa pee oat ee ott" Load fet 2 Avempe demand Ine Maximum demana > 008 = 0.933\ Aw) Peas A power station has a doily lord cyte as under: for 4 howrs 5 200 MW for g hors 5 lsomw Tere pawes serans CCE with 4sets of FxMN eh. coleutose UD daily lond deetor w ane eopotity ee . i i itic volue pil used were 10 a ee ee stotim were 2960 ke Joh: an or 3 a on the Statin 15° 260% 10 KW 2eomw for 6 hours ; Joo mw for 6 hours . sojMs Max. demon: units Supplied] day = WW [zcoxs + 200x8-+1eox4 s+ o0xt] = 4aqooxie? kwh W Deily load doctor - 4 4oox107 Ze oxiexem ~ POS com WD Average demana/ day = 400 x1 0°/24 = 183333.33Kw SteMION Capecity = 75xXqxI0> = Z00xIo WY Ayerege demana/ doy Plant Capacity factor = Plont Gpeuty UD Heat requived/d er once) e AQUA VE * ae required /doy = plant heatratex umes per ee peices = 2260 X 4qo0x102 kel uedirencire ede 286 en Aapoxie® epee alee = 1258. axieeg= Iss eeExomnid-1s A power station has the following deily load eyde | vi M Time in Hours 6-8 2-12 ale ie-20 20-24 24-6 Wyss a - See in Mw emp kegel Gol an oy 20) > Sees es eile celcujate the energy d generated por deg . ee ad or Units gemereted/ day = (20x2)-+ (4oxa) + [boxay +4 20%4-+ 60x44) {0001 = 84 0x0 sewh (bray 4Ex-3.14| The annual load duration curve of ® Certnin power Stotion Cam be longidere vaemenip as a straight line trom 20 mw to 4mw. Te mekthis load three turbine fNcaae plore units two reted A 20 Mw cach and ane vehad ak SMW Are inte pB-2¢ ea Pee i! Determine (if insbuiled Caprity lij/ plant tourer it) unit genorted per ae | moet Wr toute, ee dour, SolM se 20,000 win i 2 capes nstetled CePadity = 1H ES = 2oMW ww a Lif From Loed duvetitn eure, a sf demand = = enge Lora) eS see See ead, oe WES LESSEN Blt hutor Metergt domes og gg eS ee eee = 4k eres Mort teprity 2S ats) vi) Unit A ; nits genevetes | annum = Aree(imxwh) undey Load dumtion Curve + (4o00 + 20003) x 8760 kwh co ts iexiokwn (A) dy Leed foctor = see ce Cex Gy JD wiilisedion fecty = " aie a pont capediy—= —2se00 ~ “8” 4 OmBea vk M Prge- £1 A generating station ig to Supply four vations of load whase peak |otds Ove IDMW,S Mw, BMW And} Mw. The diversity forter at the Stotion is ps and the oversge annual load factor iS007 Colcwluke— SS the manimumdemont on the Stotion | At) annund energy supplies by ‘the Stodion YA) Sugpest the installed Capacity and the numbers of units . Some es. é iB. seme mineivmwm damainss ied DEF janimum demand > Diversity footer 2 EERE ponies 7s Avmuel energy seeriiea boy “the Stetiom, = Moimum demanayX LE a X &He oan ee eee DS Leno txszEr Tes Sr = rosirztewh Grn Ses eae 9) Set mass aneck the dette grt of VOM 157-207 more of tmetimns d4mana, ” Prytaies eapaty = latre = L4mw (4a, Svitwete unit sites ore 4, each of Emw UptityCompeiy Chaar BPpB- 204 BUET Genevedion veltge of Bemgindesh —— ona it is conmeked +2 — sponghission Une. @ w © w Gremeretion valtege of Bowgledesh is 122 £220Kv (True/ (use whien is Use 4 A Coolant in a nucteay Power plant 7 ah ee eS WK WAS Ne w wee a : Eee The Juek mostly wed in steam boilers is — wee ow @ Non coniny Coot Ww cucoe col WY Pet By Brown ceaTariff Ee 5.10 VN. Melt Prag 96 $ Tavidd r- The ete at which elertrica energy is supplied te 0 Cenwmer iis wenown o4 tort. The monthly reading. £ & Longumer's meter ove 04 follows :- ro Maximum demand = 5 oKw ge NEON Energy lonsumed = 36,000 1h weer Reoukive energy = 23,400%v AR ween 8? : ot?) 5 TH the tavidtis Rs go per kw rf manimum Lemand plus & Poisa per unit plus 0.5 paige per unit tr each iy, of power outer below &L7. collate “the monthly bill ot the tonumer sam 3 A Averegelocd = 34088 00) > Bow paree ‘ = 23.Ad0 A readive power = 2340 werege aa wo dongn KVAR Sas sey, Se Le pe agen? « Gh US 3g%02" — 0.8335 > 325KvaR wee XOS power forty Surenmrge = Re ee &¢- 83.85) = Roaee.8 Montnig bi = Re (80x50 + 0-0£%3 G00 +328.8) = Rs 7268.8 (twpth Tn industry Consumers ty million rovh/ year With a masimumn seman oz.tt.igl of io0oKw/ year ot 0.8 Pf. whor isthe lsad porter? & Cxleulate annuss energy charge teritf in force is os under manimum demand Charge = Tk 40 per kvA Per month Energy Chooge = TK FS Per KWh te) Also colculote veduction in this Lill rf the manimum demand is veduced +o 900Kw ot 9.9 Pf. longing | sae Lai sols ‘ per” axe avenge toed = EE ase.tr se Lond decty = ase ear So 7 ae IG Ww Energy Cnege/ amu STA ox Y2sexIZ) psxaxio® = Tk sone (ey edi = CRE = al enegee/ omnam = Te Be cxte!— Aoximme 75. it =Ta 20068 Cony x10Pace-20 BUET th “The people population of Bi 4y im Bangledeth, Jadesh jig \Somillion. Its GDP is Tk 21200 billy and Anmusl energy Cemumetion is 42.17% 10Cer, eal culate eee Soin g- - oye Total wh = CARON Cnn gi aas jaoiar OBER HTH = 1F838x.06Kwh GDP per head = 2200x109 , eae Million = 10 Billion 2107 = \4lsaxi0” Tk 2. ied Se Enoay Tntensity = Zonta No weee. Abt Dp perhecd ees . iolt 18.38 «106 2 VEDAS Kwhy Ge V41.33x107Brog- dat BUET CPB eeitrsA power station hes trite A new toad need to be added ton power Statin. Theve ave 1000 ‘aparkments enn of 194d crnw and Service Load 2ASKW. The domand Sovtor, group Cerny Ere a ch corn type of lord are 457975% 5 Bedi; ater 20x vespective. Fina tut eH pressuve/loed to the System SolMs— New lord fo-the system = demand ef Consumer group at the Hime ef System peak Demand of @ tenswmer group ot-the time od system pean — No. eee Lommeuced oad X Demama tector Se — Beac divenity fore x Group diversity 4 SS s ge rer apartments Ene new loadte the Sgtem = wo ee , Sead ut) = abtasKw Foy Service lead “the new loedte the System = 2ASKOTS VeSHVN = AM. Se = BLP St MSE = AqSt) MW &oa ena = The new toed 2 the Ber be. Lighting load + \somw for 7100 pm to 10:00pm itn Resedentiod Lisa: sow fer F:D0 Pm 40 12! 0b pm pumping Lona > 25K dor 3:00pm 4 F:02pm Find diversity teuter.TO- Apcu-2e BUET I A genesmting station will have a tote Caperity of 300MW. Find the probable forced owtaye when the copauity is supplied by two Isomw units. The operating peobosili ty of oll units js p= 0.98 and borced ovtige poovsbility pote A= 0-02, “the two \somw units, For (p+ayv= @ 5g4002)”= | > P+2PA+AY= 0 DbO4 + 00392 + 0-0 004 ee BESO GS an Bese ae Aids sete a ap az hrdrt P29 pray is the probability of having unit 4. Service and wnit2 owt at Service Simutteneously - capority owt of Service : on dovced obyye: MW peoeariliby o 0-Dbo4 \so 0.0392. _ 0. 0004 — 7.0000evoked tapeuity of 2 power Plant is 1OOMW. The avertge and manimum Lords during a pried Wos domwW omd DEMW vespectively . Find the Copadity fartoe and UbiiDetion Sector of this plomt ond Load . ny. Copecity fouter = Avengedemand _ 90 plant Copety = 0-9 = 907 (hay Ubi zekion douw 2 Manin demmnd — 98 lam Chit = ey ae od devtor = avenge to Pano0es > 987 Loodd Monin ed oe 7 O18 (eb) 8% bony Find the lsd footy of & 2oomw power plont whose output varies Lineal From joomw to LOOMW bver 24 hours KN Commerdd yen hes 12 Cmsumers each with & Connerted lord cd uw ond demand footy of 807. The grout hes A qromP diversity factor of 1-2. ama peak diversity tacky of 1.1. Determine the domar temo gree ee A Septem Peake Solns- Demand of a Eonswmen grout at thetime ef sytem peak No ef tnsumers x Lemmerbed Lood x Demana forty — Neg ansomers x omnes ern Peak diversity Feckr X Grenp diversity footy IDKILYO-B a Zee VER = 8227 KW (Am)