CHAPTER 1

This chapter provide the introduction and the first phase of the research.
Introduce and explain the topic of the research.

INTRODUCTION

Licensed medical pratictioner can explain what kind of medicine the patient should take.
The patient should undergo some test before knowing the name of the disease and the medicine
for it. They can provide a health care professionally. But folk healer unprofessionally did a
healing without practicing some test and academic knowledge about health medication. It can
harm the patient in some ways. And it could be more danger if they continue doing this kind of
treatment.

In the Philippines is one the most popular country that known for folk healing. There is
so many kind of folk healing in the Philippines such as. “Manghihilot” is one of the famous in
the among. They give some massage in every part of the body. And sometimes they give so
much force or pressure in massaging patient it can break their bones and can harm muscles. The
other famous folk healer is “Albularyo” or they call it quack doctors.they give some herbal and
ritwals in healing some disease. Which is there’s no explanation why they did these. Unlike
Doctors and some other medical profession.They can provide scientific explantation in any kind
of disease.

They master some degrees, they train well enough to have a licensed. They do some
practices . In this paper, the researcher conduct a research about the reaction or perception of any
medical properion in tô unlicensed folk healer.

Statement of the problem

The study focus on perception of the medical profession to folk healing.The study try to
answer this question.
1. What are the similarities between folk healing and medical healing?

2. What is more effective healing process folk healing or medical healing?

3. What could be the effect of folk healing in the patient?

Assumption

 There are certain factor between folk healing and Medical Healing
 There is certain factor about folk healing when it comes to disease.
 There are certain effects on the patient in folk healing.

Scope and limitation

The scope of the study is to find out the perception of doctors upon to a topics .
The limitation is only medical profession can state in the study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Medical Profession

Perception of
medical profession to
folk healers

Similarities Feelings Opinions

Awareness
 Fig.1

The conceptual it is stated show the flow of the research. .First the reseacher find
any medical profession. And conduct interview about folk healers ways of medication.
The last part reseacher ask any advice to by giving awareness in folk healers.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers apply theory to support the relevance of the concept. The
positivism theory of Auguste Comte its connected to the researchers studies.

Positivism holds that valid knowledge (certitude or truth) is found only in this a
posteriori knowledge.

Verified data (positive facts) received from the senses are known as empirical
evidence; thus positivism is based on empirism. Positivism also holds that society, like
the physical world, operates according to general laws.

Significance of the study

The findings of the study will redound to the benefit of the following:

Society – It can help them by giving them awareness by showing the final paper.

Future Researcher – It can help the future researcher by reading and ideas of the research
paper. And the paper can use as a reference to their study.

Researcher – Because if the research itself is successful in the study. The researcher
could pass the subject.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter contain the realated book or studies of a research. That could help in

the researcher.

Foreign Literature

Folk medicine has existed for as long as human beings have existed. In an effort to cope

with an environment that was often dangerous, humans, and their ancestors, began to develop

ways of lessening pain and treating physical and mental problems. At first, many of the ways of

treating these problems undoubtedly came through trial and error, using various plants and other

methods derived from observation of how animals reacted to and treated illnesses and injuries.

Over time, individuals within family and tribal groups became more skilled at helping the sick

and injured, and some of these became responsible for carrying out healing ceremonies, religious

rituals, and other rites designed to ensure the safety and health of their communities.( Bergner,

P., and Hufford, D. 2002)

Traditional medicines—medicines that owe their origin to cultural tradition as opposed to

modern science—often have ingredients derived from wild plants and animals and are widely

used all over the world. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that, in 1993,

traditional medicine is the primary form of medication used by roughly 80% of the world

population . While the vast majority of traditional medicine has not been verified scientifically

(in contrast with modern medicine), perhaps 40% of modern prescription drugs contain
ingredients originally derived from wildlife .Because of this overlap, it suggests that there may

be large payoffs in taking traditional medicine more seriously, particularly in guiding the

development of modern drugs. Taking leads from traditional medical folklore has been a crucial

guide for the screening process of many modern drugs .Though traditional medicine and cultural

folk knowledge is extremely valuable to modern medicine, ecosystems suffer and

environmentally important animals become extinct due of the wide use of traditional medicine.

(Colin Wright.2012).

Native healers provides rich insight into the perspectives of these healers and in turn provides

guidance for developing more adequate and appropriate treatment plans for trauma patients from

North American indigenous populations. After soliciting their perspectives on the causes and

consequences of traumatic injury, we asked the six healers if they had any advice on how to

approach Native trauma patients and encourage help-seeking. (Perm J. 2012)

Foreign Studies

In a 2012 analysis that combined data on individual participants in 29 studies of

acupuncture for pain, patients who received acupuncture for back or neck pain, osteoarthritis,

or chronic headache had better pain relief than those who did not receive acupuncture.

However, in the same analysis, when actual acupuncture was compared with simulated

acupuncture (a sham procedure that resembles acupuncture but in which the needles do not

penetrate the skin or penetrate it only slightly), the difference in pain relief between the two
 treatments was much smaller—so small that it may not have been meaningful to patients.(n,a.

2013)

The contested relationships between formal and informal medicine have deep provenance

and as scientific medicine began to professionalise in the 19th century, lay health knowledges

were simultaneously absorbed and disempowered (Porter 1997). In particular, the 'medical

gaze' and the responses of informal medicine to this gaze were framed around themes of power,

regulation, authenticity and narrative reputation. These responses were emplaced and mobile;

enacted within multiple settings by multiple agents and structures over time. The work is drawn

from secondary material from Ireland, which identify more indigenous narratives of health and

act as potential sources for medical humanities. (Ronan Foley. 2015).

This thesis presents opinions and perceptions of women in the Kumba Health District

regarding modernity in traditional medicine and their attitude towards traditional medicine in

general. The women interviewed believed that traditional medicine has both strengths and

weaknesses. Findings from conversations showed that women try to balance their health care

needs based on these strengths and weaknesses. They count on their judgment or that of close

relative and friends to decide which health care is most appropriate at every given occasion. The

women`s perceptions of traditional medicine as well as their experiences indicate that the

concept; modernity in traditional medicine as used by some local traditional medicine

practitioners is controversial amongst female traditional medicine users. (Arnold Nyiegwan

Muweh . 2011)
Local Literature

The manghihilot is a folk healer, and hilot practitioner. Most of manghihilots doesn`t

have any formal education in their following practices. They believed in healing art. In some of

manghihilots lived in rural places. While albularyo used bagful indigeneous tools. Manghihiot

used amulet or diagnostic rituals. (Dr. Godofredo Stuarts. 2012).

Babaylan is a mystical, predominantly women. Who had spiritual power in preconial

philippine society. Babaylans have inheritedpractices and worldviews we could all learn from:

praying, chanting and singing in native tongues, inviting and asking the Divine Source for

bountiful harvests and protection from harm. Babaylans live and breathe the belief: ‘I Dios egga

nittam nganun! The babaylans believe that God understands us in our native language. Praying

the Mangurug, the Ibanag Apostles’ Creed based on the Christian prayer and Ba-diw Ibaloi

chants, are appropriately sacred. For many decades, the mystical women in Mt. Banahaw have

been going on pilgrimages and meditating in sacred places called pamumuesto. Babaylans

acknowledged. They used their magic to heal the any illnes. (Dr. Guideto. 2010).

Doctors have largely replaced the manghihilot (traditional healer) as the face of health in

the Philippines. Although traditional medicine is still widely-practiced in the country,

particularly in the rural areas, doctors are the standard of care. But health must be seen as a

continuum, a function in terms of a country's cultural history. If you compare and contrast

between Western medicine and traditional healers today, Western medicine has the upper hand.

But in the historical context, they must be seen as successors of these healers, and as fillers of

their shoes they must know that these hilots, however much they may be belittled today, have set

the standards of healing in the country. Anything that falls short of this standard might lead to

disappointment in the part of the public to whom doctors cater. (Gideon Lasco . 2014).
Local Studies

Based on the study by Lance Valdez. It was clearly stated that folk healers specifically

albularyo. Continue support the folk healers. Not because of standard of medication. Because of

having enough money to afford the hospital or clinic.

 Chapter 3

Methodology and Procedure

This chapter disscussed the methods,sampling technique, instruments that the researcher

use in conducting a research.\

Research Methodology .

This is a Narrative Research, the study talks about the perception of Medical licensed

profession towards to unlicensed folk healer. The narrative research

Subject / Respondent of a study

The target persons for the research are the medical profession. They chose respondent

because they are in medical field. And had a knowledge in medical medication.

Sampling Technique

The study used purposive sampling technique purposive sampling technique is based on

characteristics of a population.

Research Instrument

The researcher used questionnaire in conducting a research gathering data. The

researchers used. Open ended questionnaire because it can give enough question to have a strong

data for research.

Procedure of Data gathering

The researcher will conduct a visit to clinic to malabon. To ask permission for the to have

support the validity of the data. Interview to licensed medical professionals that works to the

clinic. Interview to licensed medical professionals that works to the clinic.able to have support

the validity of the data. Interview to licensed medical professionals that works to the clinic.