At speed 1 60W 9W
Lighting CFL Tube light LED tube
At Max. Intensity 36W 15W
At Lowest Intensity NA 4W LED tube life much longer (DC
powering enhances reliability)
• All Electronics devices work on low-voltage DC
– TV (LED/LCD), laptops. Cell-phones, speaker-phones, tablets, speakers
• AC to DC conversion has losses from 20% to 50% in each device
230V AC
Off-grid home costs with solar-DC (₹15.85 per day) becomes comparable to
costs of on-grid AC homes with no power-cuts (₹15.79 per day). If one uses AC
wiring with DC appliances, costs for off-grid home shoots up to ₹24.24 per day.
33KV 11 KV M
• DT Normal: 230V
UDPM
Substation
Home
Brown-out
Control
230Vac line: cut-off
during Brow n-out
TRANSFORMER
Normal: 230V
• DT
33KV 11 KV
Brown-out •
Brown-out: 90V
Limited Pow er DC
supply at 48V:
Some 10%
Uninterrupted
of pow er UDPM
Tap or Step-down
transformer (0.4) Home
4.4 KV
Substation
No change in DT or distribution lines
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Disposal of battery
– Technologies fast evolving for battery-reuse and end of life safe disposal