Sequences and Series

Chapter 9
Sequences and Series
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. If general term of a sequence is n(n + 1)(2n + 1), then its 5 th term is

(1) 110 (2) 155 (3) 330 (4) 420
Sol. Answer (3)
Here, an = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
 a5 = 5 × 6 × 11 = 330
2. If general term of an A.P. is 2n + 5, then its common difference is

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7
Sol. Answer (1)
Here, an = 2n + 5 Alternate method:
 a1 = 7 an = 2n + 5
a2 = 9 an – 1 = 2(n – 1) + 5 = 2n + 3
Thus, d = a2 – a1 = 2  d = an – an – 1 = 2
3. If 6 th and 12 th term of an A.P. are 13 and 25 respectively, then its 20 th term is

(1) 37 (2) 39 (3) 41 (4) 43
Sol. Answer (3)
Here a6 = a + 5d = 13
and a12 = a + 11d = 25
 6d = 12
⇒ d=2
and a = 3
Hence a20 = a + 19d = 3 + 38 = 41
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110 Sequences and Series Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
4. If a, b, c, d, e, f are in A.P., then e – c is equal to

(1) d – c (2) 2(d – c) (3) 2(c – a) (4) c – b
Sol. Answer (2)
Let D be the common difference,
then c = a + 2D
d = a + 3D
e = a + 4D
Clearly, e – c = 2D = 2(d – c)
5. The m th term of an A.P. is n and n th term is m. Its p th term is

(1) m – n + p (2) n + p – m (3) m + n – p (4) m + n + p
Sol. Answer (3)
Given, am = n ⇒ a + (m – 1)d = n …(i)
an = m ⇒ a + (n – 1)d = m …(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
(m – n)d = n – m
⇒ d = –1
and a = n + m – 1 = (m + n – 1)
 ap = a + (p – 1)d
=m+n–1+1–p=m+n–p
6. If 8 th term of an A.P. is 15, then the sum of first 15 terms is

(1) 180 (2) 210 (3) 225 (4) 240
Sol. Answer (3)
Given, a8 = 15 ⇒ a + 7d = 15
15
 S15 =
2
 2a  (15  1)d 
15
=  2a  14d 
2
= 15(a + 7d)
= 15 × 15
= 225
7. If a1, a2, a3, … are in A.P. such that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then a1 + a2 + a3 + …+ a24 is
equal to
(1) 600 (2) 900 (3) 1200 (4) 1800
Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Sequences and Series 111
Sol. Answer (2)
3(a1 + a24) = 225
 a1 + a24 = 75
24
Required sum = (a  a24 )  900
2 1
8. The first and last terms of an A.P. are 1 and 7. If the sum of its terms is 36, then the number of terms will
be
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (4)
Given, a = 1, l = 7 and Sn = 36
n
∵ Sn =
2
a  l 
n
 36 =
2
1 7
72
n= 9
8
9. An A.P. has common difference 2, sum of first n terms 49 and 7 th term 13. The value of n is equal to
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 7 (4) 8
Sol. Answer (3)
Given d = 2, Sn = 49, a7 = 13
 a + 6d = 13
a=1
n
⎡2a   n  1 d ⎤⎦
2⎣
Also, 49 =
n
 49 = ⎡ 2   n  1  2⎤⎦
2⎣
9 = n(1 + n – 1)
 n2 = 49
n=7
10. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 2n 2 + 5n, then its n th term is
(1) 3n – 5 (2) 4n – 3 (3) 4n + 3 (4) 3n + 5
Sol. Answer (3)

Sn = 2n2 + 5n
∵ S1 = a = 7
 S2 = 8 + 10 = 18 = 2a + d
⇒ d=4
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
= 7 + (n – 1)4
= 4n + 3
11. The sum of all two digit odd numbers is

(1) 2375 (2) 2475 (3) 2560 (4) 4920
Sol. Answer (2)
Sequence of two digit odd numbers : 11, 13, 15, … 99
99  11
No. of terms n =  1  45
2
45
 Required sum = 11 99
2
= 45 × 55 = 2475
12. The number of numbers lying between 81 and 1792 which are divisible by 17 is
(1) 105 (2) 107 (3) 109 (4) 101
Sol. Answer (4)
Numbers divisible by 17 and lying between 81 and 1792 are 85, 102, 119, …, 1785
 1785 = 85 + (n – 1) × 17
 1700 = (n – 1) × 17
 100 = n – 1
 n = 101
13. Three numbers are in A.P. such that their sum is 24 and sum of their squares is 200. The numbers are
(1) 2, 8, 14 (2) 4, 8, 12 (3) 6, 8, 10 (4) 5, 8, 11
Sol. Answer (3)
(a – d) + a + (a + d) = 24
⇒ a=8
Also, (8 – d)2 + 82 + (8 + d)2 = 200
⇒ 64 – 16d + d2 + 64 + 64 + d2 + 16d = 200
⇒ 2d2 + 192 = 200
⇒ 2d2 = 8
⇒ d = ±2
Hence numbers are 6, 8, 10
14. The sum to p terms of an A.P. is q and the sum to q terms is p. The sum to p + q terms is
(1) – (p + q) (2) 0 (3) p – q (4) p + q
Sol. Answer (1)
p
[2a  ( p  1)d ]  q ... (i)
2
q
[2a  (q  1)d ]  p ... (ii)
2
Equation (i) – Equation (ii)
d 2
⇒ a( p  q )  [( p  q 2 )  ( p  q )]  q  p
2
d
⇒ a ( p  q  1)  1
2
3  5  7  to n terms
15. If = 7, then n is equal to
5  8  11 to 10 terms
(1) 35 (2) 36 (3) 37 (4) 38

Sol. Answer (1)
n
⎡2  3   n  1  2⎤⎦
2⎣ 7
10
⎡⎣2  5   9  3 ⎤⎦
2
n
  6  2n  2 = 7 × 5 × 37
2
 2n2 + 4n = 2590
 n2 + 2n – 1295 = 0
 n2 + 37n – 35n – 1295 = 0
 n(n + 37) – 35(n + 37) = 0
 (n + 37)(n – 35) = 0
 n = 35 (n  –37)
16. If n A.M.’s are inserted between 3 and 17 such that the ratio of the last mean to the first mean is 3 : 1, then
the value of n is
(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ 17  3 ⎞
3⎜ n
⎝ n  1 ⎠⎟ 3

Given, ⎛ 17  3 ⎞ 1
3⎜
⎝ n  1 ⎠⎟
42 14n
 9  3
n 1 n 1
 51 + 9n = 17n + 3
 8n = 48
 n=6
17. Four numbers are in A.P. The sum of first and last is 8 and the product of both middle terms is 15. The least
among the four numbers is
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (1)
Let, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d be the four numbers.
Given, a – 3d + a + 3d = 2a = 8
 a=4
Also, a2 – d2 = 15
 16 – d2 = 15
 d2 = 1
 d = ±1. Hence numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7.
18. If the sum of three numbers in A.P is 27 and the product of first and last is 77, then the numbers are
7 51
(1) , , 22 (2) 6, 9, 12 (3) 7, 10, 11 (4) 7, 9, 11
2 4
Sol. Answer (4)
Let a – d, a, a + d be the numbers
then 3a = 27
 a=9
and a2 – d2 = 77
 81 – d2 = 77
 d = ±2
Hence numbers are 7, 9, 11.
19. If n A.M.’s are inserted between 2 and 38 such that the sum of the resulting series obtained is 200, then the
value of n is
(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 10 (4) 12
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ a  b⎞
Sum of n A.M.s. = n ⎜⎝ ⎟
2 ⎠
⎛ a  b⎞
Sum of series = n ⎜  a  b = 200
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
 (n + 2)(a + b) = 400
400
 n+2= = 10
40
 n=8
20. If Sn denotes the sum to n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a and common difference is d, then
Sn + 3 – 3Sn + 2 + 3Sn + 1 – Sn is equal to
(1) –d (2) –a (3) 0 (4) 2a

Sol. Answer (3)
Sn + 3 – 3Sn + 2 + 3Sn + 1 – Sn
n3 (n  2) (n  1) n
⎡2a   n  3  1 d ⎤⎦  3 ⎡ 2a   n  2  1 d ⎤⎦  3 ⎡ 2a   n  1 1 d⎤⎦  ⎡⎣2a   n  1 d⎤⎦
2 ⎣ 2 ⎣ 2 ⎣
=
2
⎛ n  3 3 n  6 3n  3 n ⎞ ⎡ (n  2)(n  3) 3(n  2)(n  1) 3n(n  1) n(n  1) ⎤

= 2a ⎜⎝    ⎟ d ⎢   
2 2 2 2⎠ ⎣ 2 2 2 2 ⎥⎦
=0
1 1 1
21. If three positive numbers a, b, c are in A.P. and 2
, 2
, also in A.P., then
a b c2
ac
(1) a = b = c (2) 2b = 3a + c (3) b 2 = (4) 2c = 2b + a
8
Sol. Answer (1)
2 1 1
2
 2  2
b a c
2 (a  c )2  2ac
 
(a  c )2 a 2c 2
 (a + c)2 = 4ac, –2ac

 a = c and (a + c)2  –2ac
S3n
22. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., and S2n = 3Sn then is equal to
Sn
(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

Sol. Answer (3)
2n 3n
[2a  (2n  1)d ] = [2a  (n  1)d ]
2 2
 2a = (n + 1)d
23. Let Sn denotes the sum to n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a. If the common difference d is given by d
= Sn – kSn – 1 + Sn – 2, then k is equal to
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)

24. If the first, second and last term of an A.P. are a, b and 2a respectively, then its sum is
ab ab 3ab 2ab
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2(b  a ) b a 2(b  a ) ab
Sol. Answer (3)

d=b–a
Let n be the number of terms
then 2a = a + (n – 1)(b – a)
a
=n–1
b a
a b
n= +1=
b a b a
b 3ab
 Sum = (a  2a) =
2(b  a) 2(b  a)
25. If A1, A2 are two A.M.’s between two positive numbers a and b, then (2A1 – A2)(2A2 – A1) is equal to
ab a
(1) a + b (2) ab (3) a  b (4)
b
Sol. Answer (2)
b a
A1 = a +
3
⎛ b  a⎞
A2 = a + 2 ⎜
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
⎡ 2(b  a ) 2(b  a ) ⎤ ⎡ 4(b  a ) b a⎤

Now, (2A1 – A2)(2A2 – A1) = ⎢2a  a  ⎥ ⎢ 2a  a 
⎣ 3 3 ⎦⎣ 3 3 ⎥⎦
= a(a + b – a)
= ab
26. The fourth term of the G.P. 4, – 2, 1, … is
1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) –1 (4)
2 2 4
Sol. Answer (1)
3
⎛ 1⎞  4 1
a4 = ar3 = (4)  ⎜ ⎟  
⎝ 2⎠ 8 2
512
27. Which term of the G.P. 18, – 12, 8, … is ?
729
(1) 7 th (2) 9 th (3) 11th (4) 13 th
Sol. Answer (2)
an = arn – 1
n 1
512 ⎛ 2 ⎞
  18  ⎜ ⎟
729 ⎝ 3⎠
n 1 8
⎛ 2 ⎞ 512 256 ⎛ 2 ⎞
 ⎜ ⎟   ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ 729  18 81 9  9 ⎝ 3 ⎠
 n–1=8
 n=9
28. The third term of a G.P. is 3. The product of its first five terms is
(1) 81 (2) 243 (3) 729 (4) 343
Sol. Answer (2)
ar2 = 3
Now, a·ar·ar2·ar3·ar4 = a5r10 = (ar2)5 = 35 = 243
29. If (2p) th term of a G.P. is q 2 and (2q) th term is p 2, then (p + q) th term is
1 2 2 1 3 3
(1) pq (2) p q (3) p 2q 2 (4) p q
2 4
Sol. Answer (1)

ar2p – 1 = q2 ... (i)
ar2q – 1 = p2 ... (ii)
Multiply (i) and (ii),
arp + q – 1 = pq
30. Three numbers whose product is 512 are in G.P. If 8 is added to the first and 6 to the second, the number
will be in A.P. The numbers are
(1) 2, 8, 32 (2) 8, 8, 8 (3) 4, 8, 16 (4) 2, 8, 14
Sol. Answer (3)
a
Given, · a · ar  512
r
 a3 = 512
 a=8
8
Now,  8, 14, 8r are in A.P.
r
⎛1 ⎞
 8r + 8 ⎜⎝  1⎟⎠ = 28
r
8r 2  8  8 r
 = 28
r
 8(r2 + r + 1) = 28r
 2r2 – 5r + 2 = 0
 2r2 – 4r – r + 2 = 0
 2r(r – 2) –(r – 2) = 0
 2r = 1 or r = 2
1
 r= ,2
2
Hence numbers are 4, 8, 16.
31. If first and eighth terms of a G.P. are x – 4 and x 52 and its second term is x t, then t is equal to
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 13
Sol. Answer (3)
a = x–4
and ar7 = x52  (x–4)r7 = x52
 r7 = x56
 r = x8
 ar = x4 = xt
 t=4
1 1
32. The sum to n terms of the G.P. 1 +    is
2 4
1 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) (2) 1 (3) 1 (4) 2 ⎜ 1 ⎟
2n 2n n
2 ⎝ 2n ⎠
Sol. Answer (4)
⎡ ⎛ 1⎞ n ⎤
1⎢1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎛ 1⎞
Sn =  2 ⎜ 1 n ⎟
1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1
2
33. The n th term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of its n terms is 255. If its common ratio is 2, then its first term
is
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7
Sol. Answer (1)
arn – 1 = 128
a(r n  1)
and = 255
r 1
ar n  1 · r  a
 = 255
r 1
128  2  a
 = 255
1
 256 – 255 = a
 a=1
 a=1
34. The sum of three numbers in a G.P. is 26 and the sum of products taken two at a time is 156, then the
numbers are
(1) 1, 5, 25 (2) 2, 6, 18 (3) 1, 4, 16 (4) 2, 8, 16
Sol. Answer (2)
a + ar + ar2 = 26 ... (i)
a2r (1 + r + r2) = 156 ... (ii)
Squaring (i) and divide by (ii),
1
r = 3, and a = 2, 18
3
b a b a
35. If a, b, c are in G.P., then  is equal to
b c b c
(1) ab (2) ac (3) c 2 – b 2 (4) 0

Sol. Answer (4)
Since a, b, c are in G.P.
b = ar, c = ar2
b a b a a(r  1) a(r  1)
Now,  = 
b c b c ar (1 r ) ar (1 r )
1 1
=  =0
r r
36. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are the first three terms of G.P., then the fourth term is
(1) –27 (2) 27 (3) – 13.5 (4) 13.5
Sol. Answer (3)
(2x + 2)2 = x(3x + 3)

⇒ x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
⇒ x = –1, –4
But x  –1, x = –4
37. If g1, g 2, g3 are three geometric means between two positive numbers a and b, then g1g 3 is equal to
(1) g 2 (2) 2g2 (3) g22 (4) g23
Sol. Answer (3)
g1, g2, g3 are also in G.P.
 g1g3 = g22
38. The fifth term of a G.P. is 32 and common ratio is 2, then the sum of first 14 terms of the G.P. is
(1) 16388 (2) 32667 (3) 32766 (4) 64342
Sol. Answer (3)
a × 24 = 32
 a=2
2(r 14  1) 2(214  1)
 S14 =  = 32766
r 1 1
39. If the sum of first three numbers in G.P. is 21 and their product is 216, then the numbers are
(1) 3, 6, 12 (2) 5, 7, 9 (3) 6, 2, 213 (4) 6, 12, 24
Sol. Answer (1)
a
·a·ar = 216
r
 a3 = 216
 a=6
6
Also, + 6 + 6r = 21
r
⎛ r 2  1⎞
 6⎜ ⎟ = 15
⎝ r ⎠
 2r2 + 2 – 5r = 0
 2r2 – 4r – r + 2 = 0
 2r(r – 2) – (r – 2) = 0
1
 r= ,2
2
Hence numbers are 3, 6, 12
40. If x, y, z are three geometric means between 6 and 54, then z is equal to
(1) 9 3 (2) 18 (3) 18 3 (4) 27
Sol. Answer (3)

3 3
⎛ b ⎞ n 1 ⎛ 54 ⎞ 4
z = 3rd G.M. = ar3 = a ⎜ ⎟ = 6 ⎜ ⎟ = 6  3 3  18 3
⎝ a⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
41. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in A.P. and b – a, c – b, a are in G.P., then a : b : c is equal to
(1) 2 : 3 : 4 (2) 1 : 2 : 4 (3) 1 : 2 : 3 (4) 1 : 3 : 5
Sol. Answer (3)
b–a=c–b
2b = a + c
Also, (c – b)2 = a(b – a)
 c–b=a
 a+b=c
ac
 a+ =c
2
 3a + c = 2c
 3a = c
a 1
 
c 3
2b = a + 3a = 4a
a 1
 =
b 2
Hence required ratio = 1 : 2 : 3
42. Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term is doubled, then the numbers are in A.P. The common
ratio of the G.P. is
(1) 2  3 (2) 2  3 (3) 3 2 (4) 3  2
Sol. Answer (2)

4ar = a + ar2
 r  2 3
For an increasing G.P.,
r =2 3
3
43. If a, b, c form a G.P. with common ratio r such that 0 < r < 1, and if a, b , – 4c form an A.P., then r is
2
equal to
1 2 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 4
Sol. Answer (4)

3ar = a – ar2
1
 r = –1,
4
1
But 0 < r < 1, r =
4
1 1 1 x z
44. If x, y, z are in A.P.; ax, by, cz are in G.P. and , , are in A.P., then  is equal to
a b c z x
a b a c a c b c
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
b a c a c b c a
Sol. Answer (2)
b2y2 = ac × z
4a2c 2 ( x  z )2
 .  ac  z
(a  c )2 4
( x  z )2 (a  c )2
 
xz ac
x z a c
   
z x c a
45. If the second, third and sixth terms of an A.P. are distinct and form consecutive terms of a G.P., then the
common ratio of the G.P. is
1
(1) (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
2
Sol. Answer (4)

a + d, a + 2d, a + 5d are in G.P.
a  5d a  2d
 
a  2d ad
 a2 + 6ad + 5d2 = a2 + 4d2 + 4ad

 d2 + 2ad = 0
 d(d + 2a) = 0
 d  0,  d = –2a
Now, a + d = –a
a + 2d = –3a
a + 5d = –9a
common ratio = 3
1 1 1
46. If distinct positive numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and a  b , c  a , b  c are in A.P., then the value of
a + 4b + c is equal to
(1) –3 (2) 0 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
2 1 1
 
ar 2  a a  ar ar  ar 2
2 1
  1
r 1 r
 r2 + 2r + 1 = –2r
 ar2 + 4ar + a = 0
or a + 4b + c = 0
47. The sum 1 + 3 + 32 + … + 3n is equal to
3n  1  1
(1) 3n + 1 (2) (3) 3n + 1 – 1 (4) 3n
2
Sol. Answer (2)

1 + 3 + 32 + … 3 n
3n  1  1
 Sn =
2
48. The sum of the series 12 + 1 + 22 + 2 + 32 + 3 + … + n2 + n is equal to
2
n(n  1)( n  2) n(n  1)(3n  1) n(2n  1)(3n  1) ⎡ n(n  1) ⎤
(1) (2) (3) (4) ⎢ ⎥
3 2 6 ⎣ 3 ⎦
Sol. Answer (1)

(1 + 2 + 3 + … + n) + (12 + 22 + … + n2)
n(n  1) n(n  1)(2n  1)

= 
2 6
n(n  1) ⎡ 2n  1⎤
1
2 ⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦
=
n(n  1) ⎛ 3  2n  1⎞
= ⎜ ⎟⎠
2 ⎝ 3
n(n  1)(n  2)
=
3
1 1 1 1
49.     to  is equal to
2 4 8 16
1
(1) (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
2
Sol. Answer (2)

1
a 2
 1
S = 1 r 1
1
2
50. The sum of the series 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + … to n terms is equal to
n(n 2  2n  3) n(n 2  3n  5) n(n 2  2n  5) n(n 2  2n  2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3
Sol. Answer (2)
Let Sn = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + … + an – 1 + an …(i)
Again Sn = 3 + 7 + 13 + … + an – 2 + an – 1 + an …(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i),
0 = 3 + [4 + 6 + 8 + … + (an – an – 1)] – an
(n  1)
 an = 3 + [2 × 4 + (n – 1 – 1) × 2]
2
(n  1)
 an = 3 + (8 + 2n – 4)
2
(n  1)
=3+ (2n + 4)
2
= 3 + n2 + n – 2
= n2 + n + 1
 Sn = ∑ (n 2  n  1)
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)
=  n
6 2
n(n 2  3n  5)
=
3
51. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is an2 + bn and nth term is An + B then
(1) A = 2a (2) A = a (3) a = 2A (4) A = 3a
Sol. Answer (1)
Sn  an 2  bn , Tn  An  B
S1  a  b  A  B …(i)
S2  4a  2b  ( A  B )  (2 A  B ) …(ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get, A = 2a
52. If tenth term of an A.P. is 19 and sum of first fifteen terms is 225 then fifth term of A.P. is
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 11
Sol. Answer (3)
Let first term is a and common difference is d, then
T10  a  9d  19
15
S15  [2a  (15  1)  d ]  225
2
2a  14d  30 … (i)
a  9d  19 … (ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get, a = 1 and d = 2 then T5  a  (5  1)d  1  4  2  9
53. The maximum sum of the series 100 + 98 + 96 + .... is

(1) 2500 (2) 2550 (3) 2050 (4) 2555
Sol. Answer (2)
For maximum sum,
Tn  a  (n  1)  d  0
 100  (n  1)  ( 2)  0
 n  1  50 ⇒ n  51
51
Then, Sn 
2
100  0  51  50  2550
54. If  1 ,  2 ,  3 , .......,  n are in A.P. whose common difference is d, then sind[sec 1 sec  2 + sec  2
sec 3 + ........ + sec n–1sec n] =
(1) sec n – sec 1 (2) sin n – sin 1 (3) cos n – cos 1 (4) tan n – tan 1
Sol. Answer (4)
2 – 1 = 3 – 2 = …………… = n – n–1 = d
 sin d [sec 1 sec 2 + sec 2 sec 3 + ……………+ sec n–1 sec n]
sin d sin d sin d

= cos  cos   cos  cos   ...............  cos  cos 
1 2 2 3 n n –1
sin(2  1) sin(3  2 ) sin(n  n 1)

= cos  cos   cos  cos   ...............  cos  cos 
2 1 2 3 n n–1
sin 2 cos 1  cos 2 sin 1 sin 3 cos 2  cos 3 sin 2

=   ...............
cos 2 cos 1 cos 2 cos 3
 (tan 2  tan 1) + (tan 3  tan 2) + ………+ (tan n  tan n–1)
 tan n – tan 1, remaining terms are cancelled out
55. Consider that 10 arithmetic means are inserted between 3 and 7 and their sum is a. Again consider that the sum
of five numbers in A.P. is 30 and the value of middle terms is b. Then a + b equals
(1) 16 (2) 56 (3) 46 (4) 36
Sol. Answer (2)
Let, A1, A2 , A3 ,........, A10 are 10 A.M.’s between 3 and 7
⎛ 3  7⎞
then A1  A2  A3  .......  A10  10 ⎜⎝ ⎟  50
2 ⎠
Now sum of five terms of an A.P.
b  2d  b  d  b  b  d  b  2d  30
 5b  30
 b=6
a  b  50  6  56
1 1
56. Let tr denote the rth term of an A.P. Also suppose t m  and t n  , (m  n), for some positive integers
n m
m and n, then which of the following is necessarily a root of the equation ?
(l+m–2n)x 2 + (m+n–2l)x + (n+l–2m)=0
(1) tn (2) tm (3) tm + n (4) tmn
Sol. Answer (4)
Let first terms of A.P. = a
Common difference = d
1
tm = = a + (m 1)d …(i)
n
1
tn = = a + (n 1)d …(ii)
m
by (i) and (ii)
1 1
a ,d 
mn mn
tmn = a + (mn 1)d
1 1 1  mn  1
=  (mn  1)   1
mn mn mn
Also x =1, is the root of the equation, hence root is tmn.
57. The sum of the first 100 terms common to the series 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, ...... and 16, 21, 26, 31, 36..... is
(1) 100101 (2) 111000 (3) 101100 (4) 110010
Sol. Answer (3)
Common difference of first A.P. = d1 = 4
Common difference of second A.P. = d2 = 5
L.C.M. of (d1, d2) = 20

First common terms of both A.P. is 21
Hence the A.P. formed by common terms is
21, 21 + 20, 21 + 2 × 20, 21 + 3 × 20, ……
100
Sum of 100 terms 
2
 2  21  (100  1)  20
 50  42  99  20  50  42  1980
 50  2022 = 101100
58. If the sixth term of a GP be 2, then the product of first eleven terms is
(1) 1024 (2) 2047 (3) 2048 (4) 1023
Sol. Answer (3)
Let G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ar3 …………
T6 = ar5 = 2 … (i)
P = a.ar.ar2 ………… (ar9) (ar10)
= a11r1 + 2 + 3 + ………. 10
1011
= a11 r 2
= a11r55
= (ar5)11 = 211
= 2048 by (i)
100 100
59. Let an be the nth term of the G.P. of positive numbers. Let ∑a
n 1
2n   and ∑a 2 n 1   such that , then the
n 1
common ratio is
   
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   
Sol. Answer (1)

Let G.P. = a, ar, ar2 ……, where ‘r’ is the common ratio
 = a2 + a4 + …… + a200 = ar + ar3 + ar5 + ……+ ar199
ar (1  (r 2 )100 ) ar (1  r 200 )
=  …(i)
1 r 2 (1  r 2 )
Similarly, = a1 + a3 + a5 + …………… + a199

= a + ar2 + ar4 + …………… + ar198
a(1  (r 2 )100 ) a(1  r 200 )

=  …(ii)
(1  r 2 ) (1  r 2 )
By (i) and (ii)

r

2 3
2x ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛ 2x ⎞
60. The series ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  .......  will have a definite sum when
x 3 ⎝ x 3⎠ ⎝ x 3⎠
(1) –1 < x < 3 (2) 0 < x < 1 (3) x = 0 (4) x = –3

Sol. Answer (1)
For definite sum
2x
–1< <1
x3
2x 2x
Case (i) < 1  –1<0
x3 x3
2x  ( x  3)
<0
x3
x 3 ( x  3)( x  3) + – +
 <0  0 – 
x3 ( x  3)2
–3 3
 (x – 3) (x + 3) < 0
 x  (– 3, 3) …(i)
2x 2x
Case (ii)  1 ⇒  1 0
x3 x3
2x  x  3
 0
x3
3x  3 ( x  1) – +
 0 ⇒ 0  – + 
x3 ( x  3) – 3 –1
( x  1)( x  3)
 0
( x  3)2
or (x + 1) (x + 3) > 0
x  (  , 3)  ( 1,  ) …(ii)
By (i) and (ii) the common interval of x is (– 1, 3)
61. Four geometric means are inserted between the numbers 211 – 1 and 211 + 1. The product of these geometric
means is
(1) 222 – 211 + 1 (2) 244 – 223 + 1 (3) 244 – 222 + 1 (4) 222 – 212 + 1
Sol. Answer (2)
The product of Geometric mean
 
4
 
2
= (211  1)(211  1) = 222  1)  244  2.222  1 = = 244  223 + 1
2
x||cos3 x|.......
62. The value of x in (–, ) which satisfies the equation 81|cos x||cos  43 is
  2
(1) (2)  (3) (4) All of these
3 3 3
Sol. Answer (4)
2
81|cos x||cos x|..............
1
= 81|cos x||cos x|2  |cos x|3 ........ = 1|cos x|
8  43  8 2
1
 1 | cos x |
2
1
| cos x |
2
1
cos x  
2
  2 2
 x , , ,– , hence only four solutions exist
3 3 3 3
63. If one geometric mean G and two A.Ms p and q be inserted between two given quantities then
(2p – q)(2q – p) equals
(1) G (2) G2 (3) 2G2 (4) 2G
Sol. Answer (2)

Let the numbers are a and b.
 G 2  ab …(i)
Also a, p, q, b be in A.P.
 2p = a + q  (2p – q) = a
and 2q = p + b  (2q – p) = b
 (2p – q) (2q – p) = ab = G2 by (i)
64. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we substract 1, 7, 21 from these numbers in that order, we obtain an
A.P. the three numbers are
(1) 10, 18, 26 (2) 8, 16, 32 (3) 9, 16, 23 (4) 5, 8, 11
Sol. Answer (2)
Let the numbers are a, ar, ar2
a + ar + ar2 = 56 …(i)
a – 1, ar – 7, ar2 – 21 are in A.P.
 2(ar – 7) = (a – 1) + (ar2 – 21)
2ar – 14 = a + ar2 – 22 …(ii)
By (i) and (ii)
2ar  14 = (56  ar)  22
3ar = 56  22 + 14
3ar = 48
ar = 16 …(iii)
By (i), (iii)
a + 16 + ar2 = 56
a + ar2 = 40
16
Again ar = 16 a =
r
16 16 2
  .r  40
r r
solving, we get
1
r = 2, r =
2
Case (i) if r = 2, then a = 8

then numbers are 8, 16, 32.
1
Case (ii) if r = then a = 32
2
then numbers are 32, 16, 8.
65. Let a, b be the roots of the equation x 2 – 4 x + k 1 = 0 and c, d the roots of the equation
x2 – 36x + k2 = 0. If a < b < c < d and a, b, c, d are in GP, then the product k1k2 equals
(1) 81 (2) 729 (3) 256 (4) 64
Sol. Answer (2)
Let common ratio of G.P. is r

b = ar, c = ar2, d = ar3
x2  4x + k1 = 0
By the properties of roots
a + b = 4 a + ar = 4 …(i)
ab = k1 a(ar) = k1
 a2r = k1 …(ii)
Similarly,
x2  36x + k2 = 0
ar2 + ar3 = 36 …(iii)
(ar2) × (ar3) = k2 …(iv)

By (i) and (iii),
a(1  r ) 4 1 1
 ⇒ 2  ⇒ r  3
r 2a(1  r ) 36 r 9
Case (i) if r = 3, then by (i) a = 1

k1 = 3, k2 = 243
 k1 k2 = 243 × 3 = 729
By a < b < c < d we find that r is positive hence only one case is possible. That is given by r = 3
66. If a, b, c are three distinct real numbers and they are in a G.P. If a + b + c = xb, then
(1) x < –1 or x > 3 (2) x  –3 or x  2 (3) x  –4 or x  3 (4) x  2 or x  5
Sol. Answer (1)

+ – +
Let common ratio = r
–1 3
 b = ar, c = ar2
a + b + c = xb
 a + ar + ar2 = x(ar)
 1 + r + r2 = xr
r2 + r(1  x) + 1 = 0
Because r is real, hence Discriminant > 0

 (1  x)2  4 × 1 × (1) > 0
((1  x)  2) (1  x + 2) > 0
+ – +
1  x) ( x + 3) > 0 –1 3
(x + 1) (x  3) > 0
 x  (, 1)  (3, )
67. The sum of the series

1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + 5.24 + ......+ 100.299 is
(1) 99.2100 – 1 (2) 100.2100 (3) 99.2100 (4) 99.2100 + 1
Sol. Answer (4)

S = 1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + ……… + 100.299 …(i)
2S = 2 + 2.22 + 3.23 + ……… + 99.299 + 100.2100 …(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
 S = 1 + (2.2  2) + (3.22  2.22) + ……… + (100.299  99.299) 100.2100
 S = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ……… + 299  100.2100
2100  1
S=  100.2100
2 1
 S = 2100  1  100.2101
S = 99.2100 + 1
1 1
68. If 3  (3  p )  2 (3  2 p )  ..... to   8 , then p equals
4 4
(1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 7 (4) 9

Sol. Answer (4)
1 1
3 ( 3  p)  2 ( 3  2 p)  .......... = to = 8
4 4
1 1
Let S  3  (3  p )  2 (3  2 p )  .......... …(i)
4 4
S 1 1
  (3)  2 (3  p )  .......... …(ii)
4 4 4

3S 1 1
 3  ( p )  2 ( p )  ...............
4 4 4
3S ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
 3  p ⎜  2  ............... ⎟
4 ⎝ 4 4 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
3S ⎜ ⎟
 3  p⎜ 4 ⎟
4 1
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠
4
3S p
3
4 3
But S = 8
38 p
  3
4 3
p
 = 6  3 = 3 p = 9
3
1 1 1
69. The product 2 4.4 8.8 16 .... to  equal to
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 8 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (4)
1 1 1 1
2 4 4 8 816 16 32...............
1 2 3 4
 2 4.2 8.216.2 32...............
1 2 3 4
   ..........
 24 8 16 32
1 2 3 4
Let P      ............... …(i)
4 8 16 32
P 1 2 3
     .............. …(ii)
2 8 16 32
P 1 1 1
P     .............. upto 
2 4 8 16
1 1
P 4 1
  4 
2 1 1 2
1
2 2
P=1
1 1 1
   ..........
 2P  21  2
24 8 16
70. Let S denotes the infinite sum

2 + 5x + 9x2 + 14x3 + 20x4 + ...,
where |x|<1. Then S equals
2x 2x 2 x 2 x
(1) 3 (2) 3 (3) (4)
(1  x ) (1  x ) (1  x ) 3
(1  x )3
Sol. Answer (2)
S = 2 + 5x + 9x2 + 14x3 + 20x4 + …………. …(i)
 Sx = 2x + 5x2 + 9x3 + 14x4 + …………. …(ii)
S(1 – x) = 2 + 3x + 4x2 + 5x3 + 6x4 + …………. …(iii)
S(1 – x)x = 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + 5x4 + …………. …(iv)
Subtracting (iv) from (iii)

S(1 – x)(1 – x) = 2 + x + x2 + x3 + ………….
x
S(1 – x)2 = 2 
1– x
2  2x  x 2  x
S(1 – x)2 = 
(1– x ) (1  x )
2x
S=
(1  x )3
1 1 1 5
71. The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z, b are in A.P. while the value of   is if a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.
x y z 3
the value of a and b are

(1) 9, 1 (2) 7, 4 (3) 8, 2 (4) –1, 3
Sol. Answer (1)
We know that the sum of n A.M. between two quantities are equal to n times their single mean.
⎛ a  b⎞
 x + y + z = 3 ⎜⎝ ⎟
2 ⎠
3
 15 = (a + b) a + b = 10 …(i)
2
Similarly a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , , are in A.P.
a x y z b
1 1 1 3 ⎛ 1 1⎞
Again    ⎜  ⎟
x y z 2 ⎝ a b⎠
5 3 ⎛ 1 1⎞
  ⎜  ⎟
3 2 ⎝ a b⎠
10 a  b 10
  
9 ab ab
 ab = 9 …(ii)
By (i) and (ii) we get that a(10 – a) = 9
 a2– 10a + 9 = 0
(a – 1) (a – 9) = 0  a = 1, 9
if a = 1 then b = 9 and if a = 9, then b = 1
Hence numbers are 9, 1
72. If x, y, z are positive reals satisfying 4xy + 6yz + 8zx = 9, then the greatest possible value of the product xyz
is
(1) 0.125 (2) 0.375 (3) 0.500 (4) 0.625
Sol. Answer (2)
Using A.M. G.M.
1
4 xy  6yz  8zx
  (4 xy )(6 yz )(8zx ) 3
3
1
9
  (4  4  2  2  3  x 2 y 2 z 2 )3
3
 27  192x2y2z2
27
 x2y2z2 
192
xyz  0.375
73. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the greatest value of a2b3c2 is
3 9.2 4 310.2 4 3 8.2 4 3 7.2 4

(1) (2) (3) (4)
77 77 77 77
Sol. Answer (2)

AG
a a b b b c c 1
      ⎧⎪ ⎛ a ⎞ 2 ⎛ b ⎞ 3 ⎛ c ⎞ 2 ⎫⎪ 7
2 2 3 3 3 2 2 
⎨⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎬
7 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎪
⎩⎪ ⎭
7
⎛ 3⎞ a 2 b3 c 2
 ⎜ ⎟  . .
⎝ 7⎠ 22 33 22
310.24
7
 a 2 b 2c 3
7
2 2 3 310.24
 a b c 
77
310.24
Hence the maximum value is .
77
74. The sum to 100 terms of the series

1.2.3. + 2.3.4. + 3.4.5. +...+ n(n + 1)(n + 2) +... is integral multiple of
(1) 2525 (2) 2526 (3) 2527 (4) 2528
Sol. Answer (1)
Tn = n(n + 1 ) (n + 2)
= n3 + 3n2 + 2n
Sn = Tn = n3 + 3n 2 + 2n
2
⎛ n(n  1⎞ n(n  1)(2n  1) 2n(n  1)
= ⎜ 3 
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 6 2
n(n  1)  n  2 n  3
=
4
100  101  102  103

 S100 =
4
= 2525 × Integer
n(n  1)2
75. The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + ..... is when n is even. Then the sum
2
if n is odd, is
n(n 2  1) n 2 (n  1) n(n 2  1)
(1) (2) n(n + 1)2 (3) (4)
3 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
If n is odd then n – 1 is even then
(n  1)n 2
Sn 1  , tn  n 2
2
(n  1)n 2 (n  1)n 2
 Sn  Sn 1  tn   n2 
2 2
76. If x, y, z and w are non-zero real numbers and x2 + 5y2 + 5z2 + 4w2 – 4xy – 4yz – 4zw = 0, then x, y, z, w
are in
(1) A.P. (2) A.G.P. (3) H.P. (4) G.P.
Sol. Answer (4)
The given expression can be written as
(x – 2y)2 + (y – 2z)2 + (z – 2w)2 = 0
x = 2y, y = 2z, z = 2w
x y z
  2
y z w
Hence x, y, z, w are in G.P.
77. The coefficient of x101 in the expansion of

(1 – x)(1 – 2x)(1 – 22x) ... (1 – 2101x) is
(1) 24950 – 25050 (2) 25051 – 25152 (3) 24950 – 25051 (4) 25050 – 25152
Sol. Answer (4)
(1 – x) (1 – 2x) (1 – 22x) (1 – 23x) ………… (1 – 2101x)
⎛ 1⎞ 2⎛ 1⎞ 3⎛ 2⎞ 101 ⎛ 1 ⎞
= ( 1)( x  1)( 2) ⎜ x  ⎟ (  2) ⎜ x  2 ⎟ (  2) ⎜ x  3 ⎟ .......( 2 ) ⎜ x  101 ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= ( 1)102 2.22.23.24.........2101( x  1) ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎜ x  2 ⎟ .......... ⎜ x  101 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= 21 2 3 ..........101.( x – 1) ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎜ x  2 ⎟ .......... ⎜ x  101 ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
101102
⎛ 1 1 1 1 ⎞
= 2 2 .( x102 – ⎜ 1   2  3  .........  101 ⎟ x101  ..........)
⎝ 2 2 2 2 ⎠
Coefficient of x101
101102
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
= 2 2 (–1) 1 
⎜⎝  2  ...............  101 ⎟
2 2 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 102 ⎞ ⎛ 102
⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠  1⎟ ⎜ 1  ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎟
101 51 2 ⎟  2101 51( 1) ⎜ 2
= 2 (–1) ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 1 ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎠ ⎝
102
101 51 ⎛ 2  1⎞ 2
= 2 . ⎜ 102 ⎟ 
⎝ 2 ⎠ 1
= 210151 . 2101(2102  1)
= 25050 – 25152
78. Let C be a circle with centre P0 and AB be a diameter of C. Suppose P1 is the midpoint of line segment P0
B, P2 the midpoint of line segment P1 B and so on. Let C1, C2, C3 be circles with diameters P0P1, P1P2, P2P3,
... respectively. Suppose the circles C1, C2, C3 ... are all shaded. The ratio of the area of the unshaded portion
of C to that of the original circle is
(1) 8 : 9 (2) 9 : 10 (3) 10 : 11 (4) 11 : 12
Sol. Answer (4)
Let the radius of largest circle is r  AB = 2r
r r
P0P1 = , P0C1 =
2 4
2
⎛r⎞ ( r 2 ) A B
Area of circle C1 =  ⎜ ⎟  2 P0 C1 C2
P1 P2
⎝ 4⎠ 4
2
⎛r⎞ r 2
Similarly area of circle C2 =  ⎜ ⎟  2
⎝ 8⎠ 8
2
⎛ r ⎞ r 2
Area of the circle = C3 =  ⎜ ⎟  2 and so on.
⎝ 16 ⎠ 16
The sum of all areas is
2⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
= r ⎢ 2  2  2  ............... ⎥
⎣4 8 16 ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎡ 1⎤
⎢ 16 ⎥
2 2 ⎢ 16 ⎥ r 2
S = r ⎢ 1 ⎥  r ⎢ 3 ⎥ 
⎢1  ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 12
⎣ 4⎦ ⎣ 4⎦
r 2 11r 2
S1 = Area of unshaded portion = r 2  
12 12
11 2
S1 r 11
 12 
r 2 r 2 12
79. If 1, log9(31 – x + 2) and log3(4.3x – 1) are in A.P., then x is

(1) log34 (2) 1 – log34 (3) log30.25 (4) log43
Sol. Answer (2)
We have,
2log9(31 – x + 2) = 1 + log3(4.3 x – 1)
⇒ log3(31 – x + 2) = log33(4.3 x – 1)
⇒ 31 – x + 2 = 12.3 x – 3
⇒ 3 + 2.3x = 12.(3x)2 – 3.3x
⇒ 12.(3x)2 – 5.3x – 3 = 0
⇒ 12y2 – 5y – 3 = 0, let 3x = y
⇒ 12y2 – 9y + 4y – 3 = 0
⇒ 3y(4y – 3) + 1(4y – 3) = 0
1 3
⇒ y ,
3 4
3
3x 
4
⇒ x log 3 = log 3/4
⇒ x  log3 3 – log3 4
⇒ 1– log3 4
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞

80. If b – c, 2b – x and b – a are in HP. Then a  ⎜ ⎟ , b  ⎜ ⎟ and c  ⎜ ⎟ are in
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
(1) AP (2) GP (3) HP (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
b – c, 2b – x, b – a are in HP
1 1 1
⇒ , , are in AP
b  c 2b  x b  a
2 1 1
⇒  
2b  x b  c b  a
⇒ 2(b – c)(b – a) = (2b – x)(2b – a – c)
⇒ 2(b2 – ab – bc + ac) = 4b2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2bx + ax + cx
⇒ 2ac = 2b2 – 2bx + ax + cx
x
⇒ 2ac  (a  c )  b2  xb
2
x x2 x2
⇒ ac  (a  c )   b2  xb 
2 4 4
2
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ a  ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ c  ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ b  ⎟⎠
2 2 2
x x x
⇒ a , b  , c  are in GP.
2 2 2
81. Let log23 = , then log64729 is

(1)  (2) (3) 3 (4) 2
3
Sol. Answer (1)

log2 3 = 
6 6
log64729 = log(26 ) (3 ) = log2 3 = 
6

(ln x )n
82. ∑
n 0
n!
is equal to
1 1
(1) ln x (2) x (3) (4)
ln x x
Sol. Answer (2)

(ln x )n (ln x ) (ln x )2
∑ = 1   .......... = e ln x  x .
n 0 n ! 1! 2!

3 n 2
83. The sum of ∑
n 2
n
C2 .
n!
equals
e 1 3
(1) (2) e2 (3) e3 (4) e
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
 
3n  2 n(n  1) 3n 2
∑ n
C2 .
n!
= ∑ .
2! n(n  1)(n  2)!
n2 n2
1  3n  2 1 ⎡ 30 31 32 ⎤ e3
∑
2 n  2 (n  2)!
= 2 ⎢ 0!  1!  2!  ....⎥ =
2
⎣ ⎦
1 3x  x 2
84. The coefficient of x4 in equals
ex
12 24 25 15
(1) (2) (3) (4)
15 25 24 12
Sol. Answer (3)
(1  3 x  x 2 )
x
 (1  3 x  x 2 )e  x
e
2 ⎛ x x2 x3 x 4 ⎞
= (1  3 x  x ) ⎜ 1  1!  2!  3!  4! .........⎟
⎝ ⎠
1 3 1 25
Coefficient of x 4    
4! 3! 2! 24
2 4 6
   ...... to  equals
1! 3 ! 5 !
(1) e + 1 (2) e – 1 (3) e (4) e–1

Sol. Answer (3)
2 4 6
   ......
1! 3! 5!
2r 2r  1  1 1 1
tr    
(2r  1)! (2r  1)! (2r  2)! (2r  1)!
  
1 1
S  ∑ tr = ∑ (2r  2)!  ∑ (2r  1)!
r 1 r 1 r 1
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛1 1 1 ⎞
= ⎜⎝ 1  2!  4! .........⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ 1!  3!  5!  ..........⎟⎠
=e
2 24 246 2468

86.     ...... to  equals
1! 2! 3! 4!
(1) e (2) 2e (3) 3e (4) 3e – 2

Sol. Answer (3)
2 2 4 2 46 2 468
    ......
1! 2! 3! 4!
2  4  6  ....2r 2(1  2  3  ......r ) r (r  1)

tr  = 
r! r! r!
r  1 r  1 2 1 2
 tr    
(r  1)! (r  1)! (r  2)! (r  1)!
  
1 1
S  ∑ tr  ∑  2∑
r 1 r 1 (r  2)! r 1 (r  1)!
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
 S  ⎜ 1   .....⎟  2 ⎜ 1    .....⎟
⎝ 1! 2! ⎠ ⎝ 1! 2! ⎠
= e + 2e = 3e
1 1 1
   .........
2! 4 ! 6 !
87. 
1 1 1
   ..........
1! 3 ! 5 !
1 e e 1 e 1 e 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 e e 1 1 e e 1
Sol. Answer (2)
1 1 1 e  e 1
   .......... 1
2! 4! 6!  2 e 2  2e  1 (e  1)2 e 1
1 1 1 ee 1 =  =
   ........... e2  1 (e  1)(e  1) e 1
1! 3! 5! 2
(a  b )(a  b )(a 2  b 2 )
(a  b )(a  b )  
2!
(a  b )(a  b )(a 4  b 4  a 2 b 2 )
 ...... to 
3!
is equal to
2 2 2
2 2
b2 2
b 2
(1) e a  e b (2) e a (3) e a (4) e a  e b
Sol. Answer (4)
(a  b)(a  b)(a2  b2 )
(a  b)(a  b)   .........
2!
a 4  b 4 a6  b6
= a2  b2    .......
2! 3!
⎛ 2 a 4 a6 ⎞ ⎛ 2 b 4 b6 ⎞
= ⎜ a  2!  3!  .......⎟ – ⎜ b  2!  3!  .......⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 2 2 2
= ea  1  (eb  1)  ea  eb
2 3
⎛a b⎞ 1⎛a b⎞ 1⎛a b⎞
89. The sum of the series ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟  ......  will be
⎝ a ⎠ 2 ⎝ a ⎠ 3 ⎝ a ⎠
⎛b⎞ ⎛a⎞
(1) logeab (2) loge ⎜ ⎟ (3) loge ⎜ ⎟ (4) logeab
⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠
Sol. Answer (3)
2 3
⎛ a  b⎞ 1 ⎛ a  b⎞ 1 ⎛ a  b⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  ⎜⎝ ⎟  ...........
a ⎠ 2⎝ 2 ⎠ 3 a ⎠
⎡ ⎛ a  b⎞ ⎤ b a
=  loge ⎢1  ⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠ ⎥   loge a  loge b
⎣ ⎦
1 1 1 1
90. The sum of series     .......... is
1 .2 2 .3 3 .4 4 .5
⎛4⎞
(1) 2 loge2 (2) loge2 – 1 (3) loge2 (4) loge ⎜ ⎟
⎝e⎠
Sol. Answer (4)
1 1 1 1
    .........
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1       .........
2 2 3 3 4 4 5
⎛1 1 1 ⎞
= 1  2 ⎜⎝   ........⎟⎠
2 3 4
= 1  2(1  loge 2)  2loge 2  1
⎛ 4⎞
= loge ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
e

n2  n  1
91. ∑
n 0
(n  1)!
is equal to
(1) 2e (2) 2e + 1 (3) 2e – 1 (4) 1 – 2e

Sol. Answer (3)

n2  n  1  n(n  1) 1 
1 
1
∑ ∑  = ∑ (n  1)!  ∑ (n  1)! = e  e  1  2e  1
n  0 (n  1)! n  0 (n  1)! (n  1)! n 0 n 0
1 1 1
92. If x    ......, and
1 .2 3 .4 5 . 6
1 1 1
y = 1   ......, then
2 . 3 4 .5 6 .7
(1) x = y (2) x > y (3) x < y (4) xy = 1
Sol. Answer (1)
1 1 1
x    ...........
1.2 3.4 5.6
1 1 1 1 1
 x  1      ..........
2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1
y  1   .........
2.3 4.5 6.7
⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
 y  1  ⎜⎝  ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝  ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝  ⎟⎠ ...........
2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 1 1
= 1    .............
2 3 4 5
 x = y.
⎛ 3 5 ⎞
⎜ y  y  y  .... ⎟
⎜ 3 5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 
93. If x2y = 2x – y and |x| < 1, then ⎛ x 3
x 5 ⎞
⎜x    ...... ⎟⎟
⎜ 3 5
⎝ ⎠
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) –2

Sol. Answer (3)
y3 y5 ⎛ 1 y ⎞
y
  ............ loge ⎜⎝ 1  y ⎟⎠
 3 5 
x3 x5 ⎛ 1 x ⎞
x   ............ loge ⎜
3 5 ⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠
2x
 x 2 y  2x  y  y  2
x 1
2 2
 1  y  1  2x  x  1  2x  ( x  1)
x2  1 x2  1 x2  1
2x x 2  1  2x (1  x )2
 1  y  1    2
x2  1 x2  1 x 1
2
1 y ⎛ 1 x ⎞
 ⎜ ⎟
1 y ⎝ 1 x ⎠
2
⎛ 1 y ⎞ ⎛ 1 x ⎞
loge ⎜ ⎟ loge ⎜
⎝ 1 y ⎠ ⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠
 = 2
⎛ 1 x ⎞ ⎛ 1 x ⎞
loge ⎜ loge ⎜
⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠ ⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠
94. The numbers log180 12, log216012, log2592012 are in

(1) A.P.
(2) G.P.
(3) H.P.
(4) None of the above progressions
Sol. Answer (3)
As log12 180  log12 25920 = log12 ((180)  (25920)) = 2 log12 (2160)
Hence the numbers,
log12 180, log12 2160 and log12 25920 are in A.P.
 log180 12, log2160 12, log25920 12 are in H.P.
⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
95. 2⎢    ⎥ is equal to;
⎢ 2 x  1 3  2 x  13 5  2 x  15 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ x  1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) log ⎜ ⎟ (2) log ⎜ ⎟ (3) log(2x + 1) (4) log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x  1⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎝ 2x  1⎠
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ 1 x ⎞ ⎧⎪ x3 x5 ⎫⎪
∵ log ⎜ ⎟  2 ⎨ x    ⎬
⎝ 1 x ⎠ ⎪⎩ 3 5 ⎪⎭
⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
2⎢    ⎥
⎢⎣ 2 x  1 3  2 x  1 5  2 x  1
3 5
⎥⎦
⎛ 1 ⎞
1
⎜
log ⎜ 2 x  1⎟  log ⎛ 2 x  2 ⎞  log ⎛ x  1⎞
1 ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟
2x ⎠ x ⎠
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠
2x  1
ex
96. If  B0  B1x  B2 x 2    Bn x n  , then Bn – Bn –1 equals;
1 x
1 1 1 1

(1)
n!
(2)  n  1! (3)
n !  n  1 !
(4) 1
Sol. Answer (1)
ex
 B0  B1x  B2 x 2    Bn x n  
1 x
e x 1  x 
1
⇒  B0  B1x  B2 x 2    Bn x n  
⎛ x x2 xn ⎞
 1 
⎜ 1! 2!
⎝
   
n! ⎠
 
 ⎟ 1  x  x 2  x 3    x n    B0  B1x  B2 x 2    Bn x n  
On equating coefficients of xn and xn – 1 on both sides,
1 1 1 1
We get; n !  n ! 1 !    2!  1!  1  Bn
 
1 1 1 1
and n  1 !  n  2 !    2!  1!  1  Bn 1
   
1
⇒ Bn  Bn 1 
n!
97. The values of x such that log1/2x > log1/3x, is/are

(1) x  (0, 1) (2) x [0, 1) (3) x (0, 1] (4) x [0, 1]
Sol. Answer (1)
Using change of base formula;
log1/2 x ⎛ 1⎞
log1/3 x   log1/3 ⎜ ⎟ .log1/2 x
log1/2 1/ 3 ⎝ 2⎠
Now, the inequality can be considered as;
⎧ 1⎫
Now, log1/2 x ⎨1  log1/3 ⎬  0
⎩ 2
⎭
ve
 log1/2 x  0 ⇒ x  1 …(1)
But original inequality is meaningful when x > 0 …(2)

 x  (0, 1)
98. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum of squares of these n terms is [IIT-JEE 2009]
n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2

(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 3 3 6
Sol. Answer (3)

Sn = cn2
Sn – 1 = c(n –1)2
tn = c[n2 – (n – 1)2]
= c(2n – 1)
So now ∑t
n 1
n
2
= c2[12 + 32 + ........ + (2n – 1)2]
= c2[12 + 22 + ........ + (2n)2 – (22 + 42 + ........ + (2n)2)]
2 ⎡ (2n )(2n  1)(4n  1) ⎤

= c ⎢ – 22 (1  22  ........  n 2 )⎥
⎣ 6 ⎦
⎡ (2n )(2n  1)(4n  1) (n )(n  1)(2n  1) ⎤
= c2 ⎢ –4 ⎥⎦
⎣ 6 6
2 ⎡ (2n  1)
= c ⎢  n(4n  1) – 2n(n  1)⎤⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦
2 ⎡ (2n  1) ⎤
= c ⎢ (4n 2  n – 2n 2 – 2n )⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦
(2n  1)
= c2 (2n 2 – n )
3
c 2n(2n  1)(2n – 1)
=
3
c 2n(4n 2 – 1)
=
3
99. Let a1, a2, a3, .... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for which
an < 0 is [IIT-JEE 2012]
(1) 22 (2) 23 (3) 24 (4) 25
Sol. Answer (4)
1 1 1
As, a  25  5  19 d
20
⎛ 1 1⎞
 19d  ⎜⎝  ⎟
25 5 ⎠
4
 d
25  19
1 1 4
Also, a  5  25  19 (n  1)  0
n
4(n  1) 1
 
25  19 5
99
 n
4
 The least integral value of n is 25
100. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2, ..., 101. Suppose loge b1, log e b2 , ..., loge b101 are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ..., a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + ... + b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ... + a51, then [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) s > t and a101 > b101 (2) s > t and a101 < b101
(3) s < t and a101 > b101 (4) s < t and a101 < b101
Sol. Answer (2)
b1, b2, b3, ..., b101 are in G.P. with common ratio = 2
Let a1 = b1 = a
Given, a51 = b51
 a  50d  a  250
t  a(251  1)
51 51
s a1  a51   a 1  250 
2 2
So, s > t
Also, a101  a  100d and b101  a  2100
a101 a  2(a  250  a ) 251  1

  100  1
b101 a  2100 2
So, a101  b101
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)

1. If the Arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a and b (a > b) is twice their geometric mean, then
a : b equals
(1) 2  3 : 2  3 (2) 7  4 3 : 1 (3) 1 : 7  4 3 (4) 2 : 3
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

If A.M. = A, G.M. = G
a A  A 2  G2 A  A 2  G2
Then  or
b A  A 2  G2 A  A 2  G2
But A = 2G
a 2 3 2 3
  or
b 2 3 2 3
a 2 3
also if 
b 2 3
a 2  3 (2  3) 74 3  1
then   , 
b 2  3 (2  3) 1 74 3
2. If the first and the (2n + 1)th terms of an A.P., a G.P. and an H.P. of positive terms are equal and their
(n + 1)th terms are a, b and c respectively, then
(1) a = b = c (2) a + c = 2b (3) a  b  c (4) ac = b2
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
If total term = (2n + 1) then middle term = (n + 1)th
Let first term of all progressions is A and last term is B.
then
AB
For A.P., a =
2
For G.P., b = AB
2 AB
For H.P., c =
AB
 a, b, c are A.M., G.M. and H.M. of A and B respectively.

Hence, ac = b2 and a  b  c
3. If cos( – ), cos, cos( + ) are in H.P. and cos  1, then the angle  cannot lie in the
(1) I quadrant (2) II quadrant (3) III quadrant (4) IV quadrant
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
2cos(   )cos(   )
cos  =
cos(   )  cos(   )
cos 2  cos 2
cos  =
2cos  cos 
2 cos2  cos  = cos 2 + cos 2 2 cos2  cos  = 2 cos2  + 2 cos2  – 2
⎛ ⎞  
2 cos2  (1 – cos ) = 2 sin2   cos2  ⎜ 2sin2 ⎟  4 sin2 cos2
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
⎛ 2 ⎞  
 sin2 2
⎜ cos   2cos ⎟⎠  0  sin2  0 ⇒  n ⇒   2n
2⎝ 2 2 2
 1
 cos2  cos2 
2 2
 1 1  1   3
cos  cos     cos    
2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
 3

2 2
Hence  does not lie in I and IV quadrant.

4. If x, y, z are in A.P. and x2, y2, z2 are in H.P., then which of the following is correct?
x x
(1) x, y, z are all equal (2)  , y , z are in G.P. (3) , y , z are in G.P. (4) Either (1) or (2)
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)

2y = x + z … (i)
2x 2z2
y2  … (ii)
x 2  z2
By (i) and (ii)
( x  z )2 2x 2 z2
 2
4 ( x  z2 )
 ( x 2  z2  2xz )( x 2  z 2 )  8 x 2z 2
( x 2  z2 )2  2xz( x 2  z 2 )  8 x 2z2  0
 ( x 2  z2 )2  4 xz( x 2  z2 )  2xz( x 2  z 2 )  8x 2z 2  0
 ( x 2  z2 )( x 2  z2  4 xz )  2xz( x 2  z2  4xz )  0
 ( x 2  z2  2xz )( x 2  z2  4 xz )  0
 ( x  z )2 (( x  z )2  2xz )  0
 x  z or ( x  z)2  2xz
 4y 2  2xz
xz
 x  z or y 2  
2
x
Hence x = y = z or  , y, z are in G.P.
2
5. If a, b, c are in H.P., then
a b c 2 1 1
(1) , , are in H.P. (2)  
bc a c ab abc b ba bc
b b b a b c
(3) a  , ,c are in G.P. (4) , , are in H.P.
2 2 2 bc c a ab
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

If a, b, c are in H.P.
1 1 1
Then , , are in A.P.
a b c
1 1 1
(1) , , are in A.P.
a b c
abc abc abc

 , , are in A.P.
a b c

  2,  2,  2 are in A.P.
a b c
b  c  a c  a  b a  b  c are in A.P.
or , ,
a b c
a b c
or , , are in H.P.
bc a c ab abc
Hence (1) is correct
2 1 1
(2)  
b ba bc
2 2b  a  c
=
b (b  a)(b  c )
2(b2 – bc – ab + ac) = 2b2 – ab – bc

 2b2 – 2bc – 2ab + 2ac = 2b2 – ab – bc
 – bc – ab = 2ac
2ac
b = , hence a, b, c are in H.P.
ac
2
⎛ b⎞ ⎛ b⎞ ⎛ b⎞
(3) ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ a  ⎟ ⎜ c  ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
b2 ab bc b2
 ac   
4 2 2 4
2ac
 b= hence a, b, c are in H.P.
ac
1 1 1
(4) , , are in A.P.
a b c

 , , are in A.P.
a b c

  1,  1,  1, are in A.P.
a b c
bc ca ab

 , , are in A.P.
a b c
a b c
 , , , are in H.P.
bc ca ab
6. The sum of the first ten terms of an A.P. equals 155 and the sum of the first two terms of a G.P. equals 9. The
first term of the A.P. is equal to the common ratio of the G.P. and the common difference of the A.P. is equal
to the first term of G.P.. Given that the common difference of the A.P. is less than unity, which of the following
is correct?
25 25
(1) is a term of the G.P. (2) is a term of the G.P.
2 3
25 25
(3) is a term of the A.P. (4) is a term of the A.P.
3 2
Sol. Answer (2, 4)

Let A. P. is
a, a + d, a + 2d, ……………
10
S10 = [2a + 9d] = 155
2
 2a + 9d = 31 …(i)
Let G.P. is
A, AR, AR2, …… ARn –1 ………

A + AR = 9 …(ii)
a=R …(iii)
A=d …(iv)
and it is given then d < 1
A + Aa = 9 …(v)
By (i) and (ii), (iii), (iv)
⎛ 31  9A ⎞
A  A⎜ ⎟ 9
⎝ 2 ⎠
 9A2 – 33A + 18 = 0
9A2 – 27A – 6A + 18 = 0
3A(3A – 9) – 2(3A – 9) = 0
2
 A = 3, A =
3
if A = 3, then d = 3, R = 2  not possible as d < 1.
2 2 25
if A = , then d = , R =
3 3 2
Terms of G.P. = A, AR, AR2
2 25 625
= 3, 3 , 6
Terms of A.P. = a, a + d, a + 2d
25 25 2 25 4
= ,  , 
2 2 3 2 6
25
Hence is a term of G.P.
3
25
and is a term of A.P.
2
7. In an equilateral triangle of side 3 cm, a circle is inscribed in which again an equilateral triangle is inscribed
and so on. This continues for an infinite number of times. Then
(1) Sum of areas of all circles (in cm2) is 3
(2) Sum of areas of all circles (in cm2) is 
(3) Sum of areas of all equilateral triangles (in cm2) is 3 3
(4) Sum of areas of all equilateral triangles (in cm2) is 3
Sol. Answer (2, 3)

A
3
The area of ABC = A1 =  (3)2
4 P
r1 = The radius of circle C1
= inradius of ABC
C1 C2
3 3 Q T2 R
 33 9 3
 4  4  B C
= S ⎛ 3  3  3⎞ ⎛ 9⎞ 2 T1
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
2 2
2
⎛ 3⎞
Let the area of circle C1 is B1 where B1 =  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Again, let the side of equilateral triangle PQR = a1
Circle C1 is the circumcircle of PQR.
a1
r1 =
2 sin 60
3 a1 3
= ⇒ a1 
2 3 2
2
2
2
3 ⎛ 3⎞
Area of equilateral triangle PQR = A2 = ⎜ ⎟
4 ⎝ 2⎠
Again the radius of C2 is the in radius of PQR, Let that is r2.

2
3 ⎛ 3⎞ 3 9
⎜ ⎟ 
 4 ⎝ 2⎠ 4 4
r2 =  
S 3 3 9

2 2 4
r2 = 3
4
and so on
Sum of areas of equilateral triangles
= A1 + A2 + A3 + ……………
2 2
3 ⎛ 2 ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎞
= ⎜ 3  ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠  ...............upto ⎟
4 ⎝ 2 4 ⎠
3 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
=  32 ⎜ 1    ...............⎟
4 ⎝ 4 16 ⎠
3 1 3 4
= 9   9   3 3 cm2
4 1 4 3
1
4
Sum of areas of all circles
= B1 + B2 + …………… upto 
= r12 + r22 + ……………….
⎛⎛ 2 2 ⎞
3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
= ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  ................⎟
⎜⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎟⎠
⎡1 1 ⎤
= 3 ⎢   ................⎥
⎣ 4 16 ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ 1
= 3 ⎢ 4 ⎥  3    cm2
1 3
⎢1  ⎥
⎣ 4⎦
10143  1
8. Let N  . Then which of the following is true?
9
(1) N is prime
(2) N=(1+1012+1024+...+ 10132)(1+10+102+...+1010)
(3) N=(1+1011+1022+...+ 10132)(1+10+102+...+1010)
(4) N=(1+1013+1026+...+ 10130)(1+10+102+...+1012)
Sol. Answer (3, 4)

(1) N is not a prime because it is divisible by 9.
(2) (1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + ..……… + 10132) (1 + 10 + 102 + ..………1010)
⎛ 10133  1⎞ ⎛ 1011  1⎞ ⎛ 10143  1⎞

= ⎜ 12 ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10  1 ⎠ ⎝ 102  1 ⎠ ⎝ 9 ⎠
Hence (2) is false.

(3) (1 + 1011 + 1022 + 1033 + …………+10132) (1 + 10 + 102 + ………+1010)
⎛ (1011 )13  1⎞ ⎛ 1011  1⎞ 10143  1 1011  1

= ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ 
⎝ 1011  1 ⎠ ⎝ 10  1 ⎠ 1011  1 10  1
10143  1
= N
9
Hence option (3) is true.
(4) (1  1013  1026  ..........  10130 )(1  10  102  ............  1012 )
⎛ (1013 )11  1⎞ ⎛ 1013  1⎞ 10143  1

= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ N
⎝ 1013  1 ⎠ ⎝ 10  1 ⎠ 9
Hence (4) is true
9. If logxa, ax/2 and logbx are in GP, then x is equal to

(1) loga(logba) (2) loga(logea) – loga(logeb)
(3) – loga(logab) (4) loga(logeb) – loga(logea)
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
logx a, a x 2 , logb x are in GP
 
2
 a x 2  logx a  logb x .
 ax = logba
 x  loga (logb a )
Now, loga (loge a )  loga (loge b )
10. The sum of the squares of three distinct real numbers which are in GP is S2, if their sum is S, then
1 1
(1) 1 < 2 < 3 (2)  2  1 (3) 1 <  < 3 (4)   1
3 3
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
a
Let the numbers are, , a, ar
r
Now, we have,
a2 a
2
 a2  a2r 2  S 2 and  a  ar  S
r r
1
Let, r   x , x  2 as r  1
r
⎡⎛ 2 ⎤
1⎞
a 2 ⎢ ⎜ r  ⎟  2⎥  a 2  S 2
⎢⎣ ⎝ r⎠ ⎥⎦
 a2 [ x 2  2]  a2  S 2
 a2 [ x 2  1]  S 2 …(I)
ax + a = S
 a2(x + 1)2 = 2S2 …(II)
Dividing (I) by (II) we get,
x2  1 1
2

( x  1) 2
x 1 1
 
x  1 2
x  1  x  1 1  2 1  2
   x 
x  1  x  1 1  2 2  1
1 2  1
 r 
r 2  1
 (r 2  1)( 2  1)  r ( 2  1)
 ( 2  1)r 2  r ( 2  1)  ( 2  1)  0
 D0
 ( 2  1)2  4( 2  1)2  0
2 2 2 2
 ⎡⎣  1  2(  1)⎤⎦ ⎡⎣  1  2  2⎤⎦  0
 (3 2  1)(  2  3)
1
 2  3
3
2 1
But   1, , 3
3
1
 2  1 , 1  2  3
3
3 2
11. The equation (logx 10) – (logx 10) – 6 logx 10 = 0 is satisfied by a value of x given by
1 1
(1) 3 10 (2) (3) 10 (4) 3
10 10
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Let logx 10 = y
y3 – y2 – 6y = 0
y (y2 – y – 6) = 0  y (y – 3) (y + 2) = 0
 y = 0, y = 3, y = – 2
 logx 10 = 0, 3, – 2
1 1
log10 x = , ,– (but  is not defined)
3 2
1 1
 log10 x = ,
3 2
1 1
x = 10 3 , 10– 2
k ( k 1)
4n 2
12. Let Sn  ∑ ( 1) k 2 . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE(Advanced) 2013]
k 1
(1) 1056 (2) 1088 (3) 1120 (4) 1332

Sol. Answer (1, 4)
k ( k 1)
4n 2
Sn  ∑ ( 1) k2
k 1
Sn  –12 – 22  32  42  52  62  ........  (4n  3)2  (4n  2)2  (4n  1)2  (4n )2
Sn  (32  1 )  (42  22 )  (72  52 )  (82  62 )  (112  92 )  (122  102 ) 

......  (4n  1)2  (4n  3)2  (4n )2  (4n  2)2
Sn = 2(1  3)  2(4  2)  2(7  5)  2(8  6)  ......  2(4n  1  4n  3)  2(4n  4n  2)
2  4n(4n  1)
Sn = 2[1  2  3  .....  4n ] 
2
From A, 4n(4n + 1) = 1056
4n2 + n = 264
4n2 + n – 264 = 0
n=8
From B, 4n(4n + 1) = 1088 (Not possible)
From C, 4n(4n + 1) = 1120 (Not possible)
From D, 4n(4n + 1) = 1332
n=9
98 k 1
13. If I  ∑ k 1 ∫ kk 1 dx, then [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
x( x  1)
49 49
(1) I  (2) I  (3) I < loge99 (4) I > loge99
50 50
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
98
⎛ k 1 dx ⎞
I= ∑ (k  1) ⎜⎝ ∫
k 1 x( x  1) ⎟⎠
k
k 1
98
⎧ ⎛ x ⎞⎫ 98
⎧ ⎛ k  1⎞ ⎛ k ⎞⎫
 ∑
k 1
(k  1) ⎨log ⎜ ⎟⎬
⎩ ⎝ 1  x ⎠ ⎭k
 ∑ (k  1) ⎨log ⎜
k 1 ⎩ ⎝ k2
⎟  log ⎝⎜
⎠ ⎟⎬
k  1⎠ ⎭
98
⎧ ⎛ k  1⎞ ⎛ k ⎞⎫
 ∑ ⎩⎨(k  1)log ⎜⎝ k  2 ⎟⎠  k log ⎜⎝ k  1⎟⎠ ⎭⎬  log(k  1)  log k 
k 1
⎧ ⎛ 99 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎫
 ⎨99log ⎜
⎝ ⎟⎠  log ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎬   log99  log1
⎩ 100 2 ⎭
⎛ 99 ⎞
 99log ⎜ ⎟  log2  loge (99)
⎝ 100 ⎠
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions

Comprehension-I
The ubiquitous AM–GM inequality has many applications. It almost crops up in unlikely situations and the
solutions using AM–GM are truly elegant. Recall that for n positive reals ai, i = 1, 2, ..., n, the AM–GM
inequality tells
n
∑a i
⎛ n
1
⎞n
1
n
⎜
⎜  ai ⎟
⎟
⎝ 1 ⎠
The special case in which the inequality turns into equality help solves many problems where at first we seem to
have not enough information to arrive at the answer.
|a||b|
1. If the equation x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 has four positive roots, then the value of is
ab
(1) 5 (2) –5 (3) 3 (4) –3
Sol. Answer (1)
Let the roots are x1, x2, x3, x4 and all are positive
By the properties of roots
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 4 …(i)
x1x2 + x1x3 + x1x4 + x2x3 + x2x4 + x3x4 = a …(ii)
x1x2x3 + x1x2x4 + x2x3x4 + x3x4x1 = – b …(iii)
x1x2x3x4 = 1 …(iv)
By (i) and (iv)
A.M. of x1, x2, x3, x4 = G.M. of x1, x2, x3, x4
Hence the roots are equal
x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 1 by (i)
a = 6, and b = – 4
| a |  | b | 6  4 10
  5
ab 64 2
2. The number of ordered pairs (x, y) of real numbers satisfying the equation x8 + 6 = 8 |xy| – y8 is
(1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 4 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (3)
x 8  y 8  6  8 xy
Here we use A.M.  G.M. for x 8 , y 8 and 6.
x8  y 8  1 1 1 1 1 1
  ( x 8 .y 8 .1.1.1.1.1.1)1/8
8
 x 8  y 2  6  8 | xy | … (ii)
By (i) and (ii) A.M. = G.M.  number are equal
Hence, x 8  1  x  1
y 8  1  y  1
Hence total 4 order pairs (1, 1), (1, –1), (–1, 1), (–1, –1) are formed.
3. If a, b, c are positive integers satisfying
a b c 3
   , then the value of abc  1
bc c a ab 2 abc
85 17 65
(1) Is (2) Is (3) Is (4) Can’t be determined
4 4 8
Sol. Answer (3)
a b c 3
  
bc ca ab 2
⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ b ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞ 3 abc abc abc 9

 ⎜⎝  1⎟  ⎜  1⎟  ⎜  1⎟   3    
bc ⎠ ⎝c a ⎠ ⎝ab ⎠ 2 bc ca ab 2
1 1 1 ⎞ 9
 (a  b  c ) ⎛⎜    …(i)
⎝ a  b b  c c  a ⎟⎠ 2
Now let us take three numbers a + b, b + c, c + a and using A.M  H.M.
(a  b )  ( b  c )  (c  a ) 3

3 1 1 1
 
ab bc ca
2(a  b  c ) 3
 
3 1 1 1
 
ab bc ca
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞ 9
 (a  b  c ) ⎜   
⎝ a  b b  c c  a ⎟⎠ 2
…(ii)
By (i) and (ii)
We find that
A.M = H.M.
Hence numbers are equal this is possible only
when a = b = c
Let a = b = c = 2
1 1 65
Then abc  8 
abc 8 8
Hence only (3) is correct
Comprehension-II
One useful way of defining sequences is by a recursion relation. Many recurrence relations can be transformed
to some known sequences, say GP or sometimes nth term can be found by algebraic jugglery.
1. If an – an–1 = 1 for every positive integer greater than 1, then a1 + a2 + a3 + ....a100 equals
(1) 5000 . a1 (2) 5050 . a1 (3) 5051 . a1 (4) 5052 . a2
Sol. Answer (2)
an –an – 1 = 1
 a2 = 2, a3 = 3, …….. an = n
a1 + a2 + …. a100 = 1 + 2 + 3 + …..100 = 5050
2. Some chocolates are distributed between 25 children in such a way that first child gets 5 chocolates, second child
gets 7 chocolates and in general, nth child gets n chocolates more than the (n – 1)th child. The total number of
chocolates distributed is
(1) 3250 (2) 2525 (3) 2750 (4) 3025
Sol. Answer (4)
S = 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 + …………. Tn … (i)
Again S = 5 + 7 + 10 + …. Tn–1 + Tn … (ii)
By subtracting (ii) from (i)
O = 5 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …… (Tn – Tn–1) – Tn
Tn = 5 + 2 + 3 + 4 + …… (Tn – Tn–1)
Tn = 5 + [2 + 3 + 4 + ……. (n – 1) terms]
⎛ n  1⎞ n2  n  8
= 5⎜ ⎟ (n  2) 
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
1 1 ⎛ n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) ⎞

S  Tn  ( n 2  n  81) = ⎜   8n⎟
2 2⎝ 6 2 ⎠
At n = 25
1 ⎡ 25  26  51 25  26 ⎤
S ⎢   8  25 ⎥  3025
2⎣ 6 2 ⎦
3. Let {an} be a sequence defined by a1 = 1

a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + ... + (n – 1)an–1 = n2an, n  2
The value of a786 is
2 1 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
789 393 393 1572
Sol. Answer (4)

a1 = 1
and a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + ……………(n – 1) an – 1 = n2an …(i)
using (i)
1
at n = 2, a1 = 4a2  a2 =
4
at n = 3, a1 + 2a2 = 9a3
1 1 1
 1+2× = 9a3  1+ = 9a3  a3 =
4 2 6
1
Similarly a4 = , and so on.
8
1
 an =
2n
1 1
a786 = 
2  786 1572
Comprehension-III
If A, G and H are respectively arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between a and b both being unequal
and positive, then
ab
A  a + b = 2A
2
G  ab  G2 = ab
2ab
H  G2 = AH
ab
On the basis of above information answer the following questions.
4
1. If the geometric and harmonic means of two numbers are 16 and 12 , then the ratio of one number to the
5
other is
(1) 1 : 4 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 : 1
Sol. Answer (1)
2ab 64
Since, ab  16 and 
ab 5
2  256 64
 
ab 5
2  256  5
 ab
64
 a  b  40 a = 8, b = 32
 a:b=1:4
2. The sum of AM and GM of two positive numbers equal to the difference between the numbers. The numbers
are in the ratio
(1) 1 : 3 (2) 1 : 6 (3) 9 : 1 (4) 1 : 12
Sol. Answer (3)
ab
Since,  ab  a  b
2
 2 ab  a  3b
 4ab = a2 – 6ab + 9b2
 a2 – 10ab + 9b2 = 0
 a2 – 9ab – ab + 9b2 = 0
 a(a – 9b) – b(a – 9b) = 0
 (a – b) (a – 9b) = 0
 a = 9b a : b = 9 : 1
 (as a  b)
3. The numbers whose A.M. and G.M. are A and G is
2 2
(1) A  ( A2  G 2 ) (2) A  A2  G 2 (3) A  A2  G 2 (4) A  A  G
2
Sol. Answer (3)
Let two numbers be a and b
ab
AM  A
2
and, GM  ab  G
Now, (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab
= 4A2 – 4G2
= 4(A2 – G2)
 a – b = 2 A2  G 2
Now,
a + b = 2A
2 2
a – b = 2 A  G
Solving, we get
a  A  A2  G 2
and b  A  A2  G 2
Comprehension-IV
While solving logarithmic equations or logarithmic inequalities care must be taken to ensure that the value of the
variable obtained do indeed satisfy the given equation. Often the solution consists in transforming the original
equation to a form which can be solved with ease. But in bargain the process of solution brings with it extrareous
solutions, because the transformations carried out are not always equivalent. In what follows one must verify that
the values of variables obtained indeed satisfy original equation or inequation.
x
1. How many solutions in real numbers does the equation 3 x 8 x  2  6 have?
(1) None (2) Exactly one (3) Exactly two (4) Infinite
Sol. Answer (3)
x
3x
3x 8 x  2 = 6  3 x 2 x  2  2.3
3x
 1
2 2
x  31 x
Taking log on both sides with base 2,
3x
  1  (1  x)log2 3
x2
2(x  1)
 = (1 – x) log2 3
x2
2
 x – 1 = 0,  log2 3
x2
2 1
 x = 1, x  2, x  2  log 2
3
x  2log3 2  2
x  2[log3 2  1]  2[log3 2  log3 3]
2 ⎛ 4⎞
x  2log3  log3 ⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝ 9⎠
 x = 1, x  log3 22  2
1
 x = 1, x  log3
36
 Equation has exactly two solutions.
2. The solution of the inequality
x log 1 ( x 2  x  1)  0
10
is given by
(1) – < x < 2 (2) – < x < –1 (3) –3 < x < 1 (4) 1 < x < 3
Sol. Answer (2)
x log⎛ 1⎞
(x2 + x + 1) > 0
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
10
 x log10 (x2 + x + 1) < 0
2
⎛ 1⎞ 3
here x2 + x + 1 = ⎜ x 
⎝ ⎟⎠  > 0, for all x  R
2 4
Now again
x log10 (x2 + x + 1) < 0

here two cases arise
(i) x > 0 …(i)
and log10 (x2 + x + 1) < 0
 x2 + x + 1 < 1  x2 + x < 0 x(x + 1) < 0

+ – +
or x  (–1, 0) …(ii)
–1 0
by (i) and (ii), we find that no value of x exists
+ – +
(ii) x < 0, and log10 (x2 + x + 1) > 0
–1 0
x < 0, x2 +x+1> 100
x<0 and x2 + x + 1 > 1
 x < 0 and x2 + x + 1 > 1  x2 + x > 0
x < 0 and x (– , – 1)  (0, )
 x(– , – 1)
Hence option (2) is correct.
5
3. Let S be the set of all solutions x in real numbers of the equation (log5 x )2  log5 x  1 . Then
x ∑ x equals
x S
151 131
(1) 126 (2) (3) (4) 131
25 25
Sol. Answer (2)

We have,
5
(log5 x)2 + log5x ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = 1
⎝ x⎠
 (log5 x)2 + log5x 5 – log5x x = 1
1 1
(log5 x)2 + log 5 x – log 5 x = 1
5 x
1 1
(log5 x)2 + (1  log x ) – (log 5)  1 = 1
5 x
Let log5 x = y
1 1
y2 + – =1
1 y 1
1
y
1 y
y2 + – =1
1 y y  1
 y2 (1 + y) + 1 – y = (y + 1)
y2 + y3 + 1 – y = y + 1
y3 – 2y + y2 = 0
y3 + y2 – 2y = 0
y (y2 + y – 2) = 0
y (y + 2) (y – 1) = 0
y = 0, y = – 2, y = 1
 log5 x = 0, – 2, 1
 x = 50, 5–2, 5
1
 x = 1, ,5
25
1 1 151
Sum of value of x = 1 + +5=6+ =
25 25 25
Comprehension-V
Let Vr denote the sum of the first r terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is r and the
common difference is (2r – 1). Let Tr = Vr +1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr +1 – Tr for r = 1, 2,..... [IIT-JEE 2007]
1. The sum V1 + V2 + ..... + Vn is

1 1
(1) n(n  1)(3n 2  n  1) (2) n(n  1)(3n 2  n  2)
12 12
1 1
(3) n(2n 2  n  1) (4) (2n 3  2n  3)
2 3
2. Tr is always
(1) An odd number (2) An even number (3) A prime number (4) A composite number
3. Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(1) Q1, Q2, Q3,.... are in A.P. with common difference 5
(4) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....
Solution of Comprehension-V
1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (4)
3. Answer (2)
r
Vr turns out be (2r 2  r  1)
2
V1 = 1
V2 = 7
wrong choices can be eliminated using these two values.
Tr = (r + 1) (3r – 1), obviously a composite number Qr = Tr +1
– Tr = 6r + 5, which is an P with common
difference 6.
Comprehension-VI
Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct positive
numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn
respectively. [IIT-JEE 2007]
1. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(1) G1 > G2 > G3 > ... (2) G1 < G2 < G3 < ...
(3) G1 = G2 = G3 = ... (4) G1 < G3 < G5 < ... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ...
Sol. Answer (3)

(1) A1 > A2 > A3 > ... (2) A1 < A2 < A3 < ...
(3) A1 > A3 > A5 > ... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ... (4) A1 < A3 < A5 < ... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ...
Sol. Answer (1)

(1) H1 > H2 > H3 > ... (2) H1 < H2 < H3 < ...
(3) H1 > H3 > H5 > ... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ... (4) H1 < H3 < H5 < ... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...
Sol. Answer (2)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are distinct positive reals in G.P., then loga n, logb n, logc n are in H.P., n  N
and
STATEMENT-2 : The reciprocals of terms of Arithmetic progression with non-zero terms, form an H.P.
Sol. Answer (4)
Statement 1 is false for n = 1
But statement 2 is clearly true.
2. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of reciprocals of first n terms of the series 1  1  1  1  1  .... is n2.
3 5 7 9
and
STATEMENT-2 : A sequence is said to be H.P. if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.
Sol. Answer (2)
Sum of reciprocals
= 1 + 3 + 5 + …………… upto n terms
n
=
2
1  1  (n  1)  2  n2
Hence statement 1 is true and the statement 2 is clearly true.
3. STATEMENT-1 : For three positive unequal quantities a, b, c are in H.P., we must have a2008 + c2008 > 2b2008.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A.M.  G.M.  H.M. for positive numbers.
Sol. Answer (1)
Using A.M G.M.
a2008  c 2008
 
2008
 ac
2
But ac > b
 
2008
 a2008  c 2008  2 ac  2b2008
Hence statement 1 is clearly true statement (2) is also true and explains statement 1.
4. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of 100 arithmetic means between two given numbers 1000 and 3016 is 200800.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of n arithmetic means between two given numbers is nth power of their single A.M.
Sol. Answer (3)
100 401600
Sum =
2
1000  3016 = 2  200800
hence statement-1 is true
statement (2) is false because
sum = n(single A.M.)
5. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c, d are positive and distinct numbers in H.P., then a + d > b + c.

and
ad bc
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then  .
ad bc
Sol. Answer (2)
ac bd
 b, c a + d > b + c [∵ AM > HM]
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , in AP        
a b c d b a d c a d b c
ad bc
 
ad bc
 Statement 1 and statement 2 both are true but statement 2 is not correct reason for statement 1
1
6. STATEMENT-1 : For n  N, n > 1, n  1  2(n !) n .
and
STATEMENT-2 : A.M. of distinct positive number is greater than G.M.
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement 2 is obviously true
1
1  2  3  .....  n
 (1.2.3. .....n) n [AM > GM]
n
1
n (n  1)
  (n !) n
2n
1
 n  1  2(n !) n
7. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressions are in A.P. in the ratio (7n + 1) : (4n + 17),
then the ratio of their nth terms is 7 : 4.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If Sn = ax2 + bx + c, then Tn = Sn – Sn – 1.

Sol. Answer (4)
Sn 7n  1 n(7n  1)
 
Sn ' 4n  17 n(4n  17)
 Sn  (7n 2  n )  Sn '  (4n 2  17n )
Tn Sn  Sn 1 7(2n  1)  1 14n  6
  
Tn ' Sn ' S 'n 1 4(2n  1)  17 8n  13
8. STATEMENT-1 : If the angle of a convex polygon are in A.P. 120°, 125°, 130°....., then it has 16 sides.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of the angles of a polygon of x sides is (n – 2) 180°.
Sol. Answer (4)
Let n be the number of sides
n
[240  (n  1)5]  (n  2)180 n2 – 25n + 144 = 0
2
 n = 9, 16 Largest angle 120° + 15 × 5° = 195° > 180°
Which is not possible in a convex polygon
9. STATEMENT-1 : If the infinite A.G.P. 1, 3 , 2, x ..... has a finite sum, then x = 2.

and
STATEMENT-2 : The infinite A.G.P. a, (a + d)r, (a + 2d)r2 ........ has a finite sum only if |r| < 1.
Sol. Answer (1)
3  (1  d )r , 2  (1  2d )r 2
2 3 2
 1  2
r r
 r 2  2 3r  2  0  r  3  1 Taking
3 3 3 1
r  3  1, d  1  d 1
r 3 1 2
⎡ 3 ⎤ ⎛5  3 3⎞
x  (1  3d )r 3  ⎢1  ( 3  1)⎥ ( 3  1)3  ⎜ ( 3  1)(4  2 3 )
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
 (5  3 3)( 3  1)(2  3)  (3 3  5)(3 3  5)  27  25  2
10. STATEMENT-1 : If ax = by = cz; where x, y, z are unequal positive numbers and a, b, c are in G.P., then
x3 + z3 > 2y3.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are in H.P. a3 + c3  2b3, where a, b, c are positive real numbers.
Sol. Answer (1)
Given ax = by = cz = k  a  k1 x , b  k 1 y , c  k 1 z
b c
∵ a, b, c are in GP    k 1 y 1 x  k 1 z 1 y
a b
2 1 1
   Hence x, y, z are in H.P.
y x z
∵ y is H.M. of x and z  xz  y
x 3  z3
 ( xz )3  y 3 x3 + z3 > 2y3
2
log a log b log c

11. Let  
bc c a ab
STATEMENT-1 : a a b b c c = 1.
and
STATEMENT-2 : ab + cbc + ac a + b = 1.
Sol. Answer (2)
log a log b log c

= = = K (Let)
b–c c–a a–b
 log a = K (b – c)
log b = K (c – a)
log c = K (a – b)
Also, a, b, c > 0
Statement-1 :
Let y = aa bb cc
log y = a log a + b log b + c log c
= aK (b – c) + b . K (c – a) + c . K (a – b) = 0
 y = 1, hence statement 1 is true.
Statement-2 :
Let y = ab + c . bc + a . ca + b
log y = (b + c) log a + (c + a) log b + (a + b) log c
= (b + c) . K (b – c) + (c + a) K . (c – a) + (a + b) K. (a – b)
= K [b2 – c2 + c2 – a2 + a2 – b2] = 0
 y=1
Hence statement-2 is also true and explains statement-1.
12. STATEMENT-1 : log416 is a rational number.

and
STATEMENT-2 : log23 is an irrational number.
Sol. Answer (2)
log4 16 = log4 42 = 2 log4 4 = 2, a rational number but log2 3 is an irrational number.
Because we may prove this by following method.
p
Let log2 3 is a rational number , where p and q are integers and q  0.
q
p p
 log2 3 =  3 = q  3q = 2p, which is not possible for integers p and q, hence log2 3 is not a rational
q 2
number. log23 is an irrational number.
13. STATEMENT-1: Number of solution of log|x| = ex is two.

and
STATEMENT-2: If log303 = a, log305 = b than log308 = 3(1 – a – b).
Sol. Answer (4)
ex = log|x| has only one solution
y = ex
y
y = log|x|
14. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3 and
b4 = b3 + a4. [IIT-JEE 2008]
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
Sol. Answer (3)
Let a1 = 1, a2 = 2, a3 = 4, a4 = 8
 b1 = 1, b2 = 3, b3 = 7, b4 = 15
Clearly, b1, b2, b3, b4 are not in HP.
Statement-2 is false.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions

1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
1 1 1
(A) If , , are in H.P., then (p) logax, logbx, logcx are in H.P.
a b c
(Assume that log functions are defined)
b b b
(B) If a, b, c are in A.P., then (q) a  , ,c are in A.P.
2 2 2
c a b
(C) If a, b, c are in G.P., then (r) , , are in A.P.
a b c
ab  ac bc  ba ca  cb
(D) If sum of roots of the quadratic ax2 + bx + c = 0 (s) , , are in A.P.
bc ca ab
(abc  0) equals to the sum of squares of their
reciprocals then
Sol. Answer A(q, s), B(q, s), C(p), D(r)
1 1 1
(A) If , , are in H.P.
a b c
 a, b, c are in A.P.
b
Subtract from each term
2
b b b
a  , ,c  are in A.P.
2 2 2
(B) a, b, c are in A.P.
Divide each term by abc
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P.
bc ca ab
multiply each term by (ab + bc + ca)
ab  bc  ca ab  bc  ca ab  bc  ca
 , , are in A.P.
bc ca ab
ab  ac bc  ab bc  ca
  1,  1,  1 are in A.P.
bc ca ab
ab  ac bc  ab ca  ca
 , , are in A.P.
bc ca ab
(C) If a, b, c are in G.P.
then log a, log b, log c are in A.P.
1 1 1
or , , are in H.P.
log a log b log c
log x log x log x

 , , are in H.P.
log a log b log c
 loga x, logb x, logc x are in A.P.
1 1
(D)     2
 2 , where ,  are the roots
 
 2  2
  
()2
(  )2  2
(  ) 
()2
b2 c
–2
⎛ b ⎞ a2 a
⎜⎝  a ⎟⎠  2
⎛ ⎞ c
⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠
b 2 – 2ac
⎛ b⎞ a2 b 2 – 2ac
⎜⎝ – a ⎟⎠  
c2 c2
2
a
– bc2 = b2a – 2a2c
 2a 2c  b 2a  bc 2
a b c
 2  
b c a
c a b
 , , are in A.P.
a b c
2. Match the equations with their solutions

Column-I (Equations) Column-II (Solutions)
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
(A) x ⎢   ... to  ⎥  2 (p) 72
⎣ 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 ⎦
⎡ 1 2 3 ⎤
(B) x ⎢    ... to  ⎥  20 (q) 80
⎣ 1 . 3 1 . 3 . 5 1 . 3 . 5 . 7 ⎦
⎡ 3 4 5 ⎤
(C) x ⎢    ... to  ⎥  58 (r) 36
⎣ 1 . 2 . 4 2 . 3 . 5 3 . 4 . 6 ⎦
⎡⎛ 2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 4 ⎞ 1 ⎤
(D) x ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 2 ⎜ ⎟. 3  ... to  ⎥  20 (s) 40
⎣⎝ 1.3 ⎠ 3 ⎝ 3.5 ⎠ 3 ⎝ 5 .7 ⎠ 3 ⎦
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s), C(p), D(q)
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
(A) x ⎢   ....⎥  2
⎣ 1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 ⎦
x ⎡⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎤
 3 ⎢ ⎜⎝ 1.2.3  2.3.4 ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ 2.3.4  3.4.5 ⎟⎠  ....⎥  2
⎣ ⎦
x⎡ 1 ⎤
 2
3 ⎢⎣1.2.3 ⎥⎦
 x  18  2  36
⎡ 1 2 3 ⎤
(B) x ⎢    ....⎥  20
⎣ 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 ⎦
x⎡ 2 4 6 ⎤
   ....⎥  20
2 ⎢⎣1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 ⎦
x ⎡⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎤
⎢ ⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝  ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝  ⎟⎠  ....⎥  20
2⎣ 1.3 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 ⎦
x
 (1)  20
2
 x = 40
(n  2) (n  2)2
(C) Tn  
n(n  1)(n  3) n(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
n(n  1)  3n  4
=
n(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
1 3 4
=  
(n  2)(n  3) (n  1)(n  2)(n  3) n(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
1 3 4
Hence, Sn  K    [Using the properties of series]
n  3 2(n  2)(n  3) 3(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
29
At n = 1, k =
36
29 1 3 4
Sn    
36 n  3 2(n  2)(n  3) 3(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
29
S 
36
⎡ 29 ⎤
x ⎢ ⎥  58
⎣ 36 ⎦
 x  72
⎛ n 1 ⎞ 1
(D) Tn  ⎜ .
⎝ (2n  1)(2n  1) ⎟⎠ 3n
⎛3 1 1 ⎞ 1
= ⎜⎝ 4 . (2n  1)  4(2n  1) ⎟⎠ n
3
1⎡ 3 1 ⎤ 1 1⎡ 1 1 1 1⎤
= ⎢  ⎥ . n = ⎢ . n 1  . n⎥
4 ⎣ 2n  1 2n  1⎦ 3 4 ⎣ 2n  1 3 (2n  1) 3 ⎦
1 1
Sn  [1  0] 
4 4
x
  20  x = 80
4
3. Match the series with their sum
Column-I Column-II
(A) 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + ... to 11 terms (p) 10385
13 13  23 13  23  ...  n 3
(B)   ...   ... to 16 terms (q) 37820
1 1 3 1  3  ...  (2n  1)
(C) 1.3 + 2.4 + ... + n(n + 2) + ... to 30 terms (r) 446
n(n  1)
(D) 1 + 3 + ... + + ... to 60 terms (s) 72072
2
Sol. Answer A(s), B(r), C(p), D(q)

(A) Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)
n(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)(n  4)

 Sn  C
5
At n = 1
1 2  3  4  5
1.2.3.4  C
5
 C=0
11 12  13  14  15
 S11   72072
5
13  23  ...............n 3
(B) Tn =
1  3  5  ...............(2n – 1)
2
⎛ n(n  1) ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟
2 ⎠ 1
= 2
 (n  1)2
n 4
1
Tn =
4
 n  12
1⎡ 2
S16 = 2  32  42  ...............172 ⎤⎦
4⎣
=
1⎡ 2
4⎣

1  22  ...............172  1⎤
⎦ 
1 ⎡ 17  18  35 ⎤
 1⎥
4 ⎢⎣
=
6 ⎦
1 1784
=
4
1785  1  4  446
(C) Tn = n(n + 2) = n2 + 2n
Sn = n2 + 2n
n(n  1)(2n  1)
Sn =  n(n  1)
6
30  31  61
S30 =  30  31
6
= 5 × 31 × 61 + 30 × 31
= 10385
(D) Tn =
n(n  1) 1 2
2

 n  n)
2

1⎡ 2
Sn = ∑ n  ∑ n ⎤⎦
2⎣
1 ⎡ n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) ⎤


2 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
Sn =
6
n  n  1 n  2

6
60  61  62
 S60 
6
 37820
4. Match the following entries of column I with those of column II.
Column I Column II
2
(A) If the roots of the equation x3 – 9x2 + 23x – 15 = 0 (p) C1  2P0
are in AP, then their common difference is
(B) Number of values of x for which [x], sgn x, {x} {x  0} (q) 5

are in AP, is
(C) If a, b, c are in AP, then the straight line (r) 1

ax + by + c = 0 will always passed through a fixed
point whose ordinate and abscissae are
(D) An infinite G.P. has the first term x and sum 5, then (s) 2
x may be
(t) – 2
Sol. Answer A(p, s, t), B(p, s), C(r, t), D(p, q, r, s)
(A) The roots of the given equation are 1, 3, 5
Hence, common difference is = 2
(B) Obviously, for x = 2, [x], sgn x and {x}
Will be in A.P.
Hence there are two values of x.
(C) Since, a, b, c are in A.P.
 2b = a + c, then straight line ax + by + c = 0 will pass through (1, – 2) because it satisfy the
condition a – 2b + c = 0 or 2b = a + c
(D) We have, sum of infinite G.P
⎧ a
⎪ , | r | 1
S  ⎨1  r
⎪⎩ , | r | 1
x
 S  S
1 r
x
 1 r 
5
5x
 r  exists only when |r| < 1
5
5x
 1  1
5
–5<5–x<5
 – 10 < – x < 0
 0 < x < 10
5. Match the following entries of column I with those of column II

Column I Column II
(A) Let, S1, S2, .... be squares such that for each (p) 2
n  1, the length of a side of Sn equals the length
of a diagonal of Sn + 1. If the length of a side of S1
is 10 cm. The value of n for which area of Sn is less
than 1 sq.cm is
2 12
(B) If the first two terms of a HP are and (q) 4
5 13
respectively. If the largest term is T, then [T] is less
than or equal to
⎛1 1 ⎞
log2.5 ⎜  ...... ⎟
⎝ 3 32 ⎠
(C) The value of (0.16) is less than or (r) 6
equal to
1 1
(D) If 3  (3  d )  (3  2d )  ..... , then d is greater (s) 8
4 42
than or equal to
(t) 9
Sol. Answer A(s, t), B(p, q, r, s, t), C(q, r, s, t), D(p, q, r, s, t)
(A) We have,
Length of side of Sn = Length of diagonal of Sn + 1
= 2 (Length of side of Sn + 1)
Length of side of Sn
  2 for all n  1
Length of side of Sn 1
1
 Sides of S1, S2, ………, Sn form a GP with common ratio and first term 10
2
n 1
⎛ 1 ⎞ 10
S  10  ⎜  n 1
 Side of n ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
2 2
100
 Area of Sn  n 1
2
Now, Sn < 1
100
  1 2n – 1 > 100
2n 1
 n8
1 1
(C) Let, S    .......
3 32
1
3 1
 
1 2
1
3
1
log2.5
Let y  (.16) 2
⎛ 1⎞
y   0.4   0.4 –1⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
2log

  0.4 log 0.4 4  4

1
d
3 4
 8 a dr
(D) 1  1 ⎛ [using S  1  r 
2
1⎞ ]
4 ⎜⎝ 1  4 ⎟⎠ (1  r )2
d=9
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. If H.M. of two numbers is 4, then A.M. 'A' and G.M. 'G' satisfy the relation 2A + G2 = 27, then modulus of
difference of these two numbers is
Sol. Answer (3)
Let that numbers be a, b
2ab
Then 4
ab
ab
A , G  ab
2
⎛ a  b⎞
 
2
2⎜  ab  27
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
 a + b + ab = 27
a + b + 2(a + b) = 27
a + b = 9, ab = 18
(a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 9ab = 81 – 72
a–b=9
a–b=3
When a – b = 3 when a – b = –3
a + b = 9 , a = 3, b = 6
a = 6, b = 3
|a – b| = 3
2. Let a1, a2, ......a10 be in AP and n1, n2, ......n10 be in HP, if a1 = n1 = 2 and a10 = n10 = 3 then a4a7 is ____
Sol. Answer (6)
Let d the common difference of the AP, then
1
a10 = 3 a1 + 9d = 3 2 + 9d = 3  d 
9
1 1 7
 a4 = a1 + 3d  3  3.  2  
9 3 3
1 1 1
Let D be the common difference of n , n ,...... n
1 2 10
1 1
Then n  n  9D
10 1
1 1
   9D
3 2
1 1 1
 9D    D
3 2 54
1 1
  6D
n7 n1
1 1 1 1
  6.   
2 54 2 9
92 7
 
18 18
7 18
 a4 .a7   6
3 7
3. If an be the nth term of an AP and if a7 = 15, then the value of the common difference that would make a2a7a12
greatest is ________.
Sol. Answer (0)
Let d be the common difference of the A.P. then,
a2 a7 a12 = (15 – 5d) 15 (15 + 5d) = 375 (9 – d2)
The value of a2 a7 a12 will be greatest when d = 0
4. If a, b, c, d are in GP, then the value of (a – c)2 + (b – c)2 + (b – d)2 – (a – d)2 is ________.
Sol. Answer (0)
Let r be the common ratio of G.P.
 b = ar, c = ar2, d = ar3
 (a – c)2 + (b – c)2 + (b – d)2 – (a – d)2
= (a – ar2)2 + (ar – ar2)2 + (ar – ar3)2 – (a – ar3)2
= a2(1 – r2)2 + a2 r2(1 – r)2 + a2 r2(1 – r2)2 – a2(1 – r3)2
= a2(1 – r)2 + [(1 + r)2 + r2 + r2 (1 + r)2 – (1 + r + r2)2]
= a2(1 – r)2 + [1 + r2 + 2r + r2 + r2 (1 + 2r + r2) – (1 + r2 + r4 + 2r + 2r3 + 2r2)]
= a2(1 – r)2 + [1 + r2 + 2r + r2 + r2 + 2r3 + r4 – 1 – r2 – r4 – 2r – 2r3 – 2r2]
= a2(1 – r)2 (0) = 0
5. If the mth term of a HP be n and the nth term be m, then the (mn)th term is ________.
Sol. Answer (1)
Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the corresponding A.P., then
1 1
n = mth term  ⇒ a  (m  1)d 
a  (m  1)d n
1
Similarly a  (n  1)d 
m
1 1
Solving above two equation we get, a  ,d
mn mn
So, (mn)th term of the H.P.
1
 th
(mn ) term of corresponding A.P.
1

1 1
 (mn  1).
mn mn
1 1
  1
1 1 1
 1
mn mn
1 + logx
6. The number of solution of x = 10x is ________.
Sol. Answer (2)
Taking log both sides.
(1 + logx)logx = (1 + logx); x > 0
 (1 + logx)(logx – 1) = 0
 logx = 1, –1
1
 x = 10,
10
Number of solution 2
k 1
7. Let Sk, k = 1, 2,.....100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is and the
k!
1 1002 100 2
common ratio is . Then the value of  ∑ (k  3k  1)Sk is [IIT-JEE 2010]
k 100! k 1
Sol. Answer (4)

We have,
k 1
Sk  k !  1
1 ( k  1)!
1
k
1 1 1
Now, (k 2  3k  1)Sk  {(k  2)(k  1)  1}   
(k  1)! (k  3)! (k  1)!
100
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 1002
 ∑ | (k 2  3k  1)Sk |  1  1  2  ⎜⎝ 99!  98!⎟⎠  4
100!
k 1
1002 100 2
  ∑ | (k  3k  1)Sk | 4
100! k 1
8. Let a1, a2, a3,......, a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak – 1 – ak – 2 for k = 3,
a12  a22  ....  a11
2
a  a  ....  a11
4, ...., 11. If  90, then the value of 1 2 is equal to [IIT-JEE 2010]
11 11
Sol. Answer (0)
p
9. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp  ∑ a , 1  p  100 . For any integer
i 1
i
Sm
n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is [IIT-JEE 2011]
Sn
Sol. Answer (9)

We have,
a1 = 3, Sp = a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + ap, 1  p  100
By the given condition,
Sm m 6  (m  1) d
  k , which is independent of m and n
Sn n 6  (n  1) d
 5(6 + (m – 1)d) = k(6 + (n – 1)d)
 30 + 25nd – 5d = 6k + nkd – kd
which is independent of n
Hence, on comparing the coefficients of like terms, we get
k = 25
30 – 5d = 150 – 25d
 20d = 120
 d=6
a2 = 9
10. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is [IIT-JEE 2011]
Sol. Answer (8)
For a > 0,
a 5  a 4  3a 3  1  a8  a10 8 5 4 9
 a  a  a  1 a8  a10
8
 a–5 + a–4 + 3a–3 + 1 + a8 + a10  8
 min(a–5 + a–4 + 3a–3 + 1 + a8 + a10) = 8
11. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered cards are removed from the pack
and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is 1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the removed
cards is k, then k – 20 = [JEE(Advanced) 2013]
Sol. Answer (5)
The smallest value of n for which
n(n  1)
 1224
2
n(n + 1) > 2448
 n > 49
For n = 50
n(n  1)
 1275
2
So, k + (k + 1) = 1275 – 1224 = 51

k = 25
k – 20 = 5
b
12. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a  14
arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [JEE(Advanced) 2014]
a 1
Sol. Answer (4)
a, ar, ar2, 0 > 1 r is integer
abc
 b2
3
a + ar + ar2 = 3(ar + 2)
a + ar + ar2 = 3ar + 6
ar2 – 2ar + a – 6 = 0
a(r – 1)2 = 6
a = 6, r = 2
a2  a  14 62  6  14 28
So =  4
a 1 61 7
13. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of
the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between 130
and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is [JEE(Advanced) 2015]
Sol. Answer (9)
7
[2a  6d ] 6
2 
11 11
[2a  10d ]
2
a  3d 6
 
a  5d 7
 a = 9d
Also, 130 < a + 6d < 140
130 < 15d < 140
d=9
14. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is the
length of its smallest side? [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
Sol. Answer (6)
+
–

Using ()2 = 2 + (–)2

 
4
1
Also, (  )  24
2
   8⎫
⎬
  2⎭
Smallest side = 6
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
4 4
1. STATEMENT-1 : If x is positive, then least value of x12   is 9.
x2 x
STATEMENT-2 : If a2 + b2 + c2 = 4, x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 then maximum value of ax + by + cz is 6.
STATEMENT-3 : 2  3  4 +....... upto  = 4.

22 23
(1) F T F (2) T T F (3) T T T (4) F F T
Sol. Answer (3)
Statement-1 :
By A.M.  G.M.
⎛ 1 1 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 1 1⎞
x12  ⎜ 2  2  2  2 ⎟  ⎜    ⎟ 1 1
⎝x x x x ⎠ ⎝ x x x x ⎠ 9 12
 x  x8  x4
9
4 4
x12  
 x2 x  9 1
9
4 4
 x12   9
x2 x
Statement-2 :

2 2 2 2 2

As, a  b  c x  y  z
2

 ax  by  cz 2  0
  ax  by  cz 2  36
 ax  by  cz  6
Statement-3 :
3 4 5
S= 2
 3  4  .....
2 2 2
1 3 4
S = 3  4  .....
2 2 2
1 3 1 1
S S = 2  3  4  .....
2 2 2 2
S=2
3 4
Therefore 2  2
 3  ..... upto  = 2 + 2 = 4
2 2
Statement –3 is true
2. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, a are in G.P. then c, a, b are in H.P.

STATEMENT-2 : If a1, a2, a3,.....a100 are in A.P. and a3 + a98 = 50 then a1 + a2 + a3 +....+ a100 = 2500.
a1  a2  a3  ........  an
  a1 . a2 .......an  .
1/ n
STATEMENT-3 : If a1, a2,.....,an R then
n
(1) F T F (2) T T F (3) T T T (4) F F T
Sol. Answer (2)

Statement-1:
ac
b …(i)
2
c  ab …(ii)
We have to prove
2bc
a from (1) & (2) we get
bc
a = c required result
Statement–1 is true.
Statement-2:
a3  a98  50
then, a1  a2  a3  ......  a100
= (a1  a 100 )  (a2  a 99 )  (a3  a 98 )  ....50 terms
 50  50  2500
Statement–2 is true.
Statement-3:
If a1, a2 ,...., am  0
3. STATEMENT-1 : 12 – 22 + 32 ........ to 21 terms is 231

STATEMENT-2 : 13 – 23 + 33 – 43 ........ to 15 terms is 1856
STATEMENT-3 : 12 + 32 + 52 ........ to 8 terms is 689
(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement-1:
(12 – 22) + (32 – 42)…….(192 – 202) + 212
= (1 – 2) (1 +2) + (3 – 4) (3 + 4) + …….
= – (1 + 2 + 3+ ……+ 20) + 212 = 441 – 210 = 231
Statement-2 :
13+ 23 + 33 +……+ 153 – 2 (23 + 43 …….+ 143)
2 2
⎛ 15  16 ⎞ ⎛ 7  8⎞
= ⎜ ⎟  16(13  23  .....  73 )  1202  16 ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
= 1202 – 1122 = 1856

Statement-3 :
12+ 22 + 32 ……+ 152 – (22 + 42 …….+ 142)
15  16  31 4  7  8  15
=  4(12  22  .....  72 )  40  31 
6 6
= 40 (31 – 14) = 40 × 17 = 680
4. STATEMENT-1 : If log(x + z) + log(x – 2y + z) = 2log(x – z) then x, y, z are in H.P.
ax ay az

STATEMENT-2 : If p, q, r in AP and   , then x, y, z are in A.P.
px qy rz
ab bc 1
STATEMENT-3 : If , b, are in A.P. then a, , c are in H.P.
1  ab 1  bc b
(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T

Sol. Answer (3)
Statement-1 :
log (x + z) + log (x – 2y + z) = 2 log (x – z)
 (x + z) (x – 2y + z) = (x – z)2
(x + z)2 – (x – z)2 = 2y(x + z)

4xz = 2y(x + z)
2xz
 y
xz
Statement-2 :
ax ay az

   k (ay )
px qy rz
ax ay az

 p ,q ,r 
kx ky kz
ax ay az

, , are in A.P.
x y z
a a a
  1,  1,  1 are in A.P.
x y z
1 1 1
, , are in A.P.
x y z
 x, y , z are in H.P.
Statement-3 :
ab bc
  2b
1  ab 1  bc
 (a + b) (1 – bc) + (b + c) (1 – ab) = 2b(1 – ab) (1 – bc)
 (1 + b2) (2abc – (1a + c)) = 0
1 2ac 1
  , Hence a, , c are in H.P.
b ac b
5. STATEMENT-1 : If the arithmetic mean of (b – c)2, (c – a)2 and (a – b)2 is same as the arithmetic mean of
(b + c – 2a)2, (c + a – 2b)2 and (a + b – 2c)2 then a, b, c are equal.
STATEMENT-2 : If logx, logy, logz (x, y, z > 1) are in GP then 2x + log(bx), 3x + log(by), 4x + log(bz) are in A.P.
STATEMENT-3 : If n!, 3 × n! and (n + 1)! are in G.P. then n!, 5 × n! and (n + 1)! are in A.P.
(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T
Sol. Answer (4)
Statement-1 :
(b  c )2  (a  b )2  (c  a )2 (b  c  2a )2  (c  a  2b )2  (a  b  2c )2

3 3
 (b  c  2a )2  (b  c )2  (c  a  2b )2  (a  b )2  (a  b  2c )2  (c  a )2  0
 a=b=c
Statement-2 :
If log x, log y, log z are in A.P.
 log (bx), log (by), log (bz) are in A.P.
Statement-3 :
n!; 3 × n! and n + 1! are in G.P.
9(n!)2 = n! (n + 1)!
 n+1=9
 n = 8
 n! = 8!
 5 × n! = 5 × 8!; n + 1! = 9!
9! + 8! = 5 × 9! Hence n!, 5 × n! and n + 1! are in A.P
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1 2 4
1. The sum of n terms of the series    ............ is
2
1 x 1 x 1 x 4
1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k
(1)  , k  2n (2)  , k  2n (3)  , k  2n (4)  , k  2n
k
x 1 x 1 k
x 1 x 1 x 1 x k 1 x  1 x 1
k
Sol. Answer (2)

1
After adding and subtracting it from given series, we get
x 1
1 1 1 2 4
S    2
  ............
x  1 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 4
1 2 2 4
  2
 2
  ............
x  1 1 x 1 x 1 x 4
1 4 4
    ............
x  1 1 x4 1 x4
1 K
  K = 2n
x  1 xK  1
2. The first term of a sequence is 1, the second is 2 and every term is the sum of the two preceding terms.
The nth term is.
1 ⎡(1  5)n 1  (1  5)n 1 ⎤ 1 ⎡(1  5)n 1  (1  5 )n 1 ⎤

(1) (2)
2n 1
5⎣ ⎦ n 1
2 5⎣ ⎦
1 ⎡(1  5 )n 1  (1  5 )n 1 ⎤ 1 ⎡(1  5 )n 1  (1  5)n 1 ⎤

(3) (4)
2n 1
5⎣ ⎦ n 1
2 5⎣ ⎦
Sol. Answer (2)
Denoting the sequence by a1, a2, ….. we have
an – an – 1 – an – 2 = 0 and a1 = 1, a2 = 2
Hence, an = An + Bn
2 = A2 + B2
1= A + B where ,  are roots of
the equation x2 – x – 1 = 0
eliminating A, B from these equations we have
( – ) an = (2 – )n – 1 – (2 – )n – 1
Now, +  = 1,   = – 1
   5
1
 an  ( n 1  n 1)
5
1
 n 1
2 5

(1  5 )n 1  (1  5 )n 1 
3. Sum of series 1 + 2x + 7x2 + 20x3 + ........ up to n terms when x = – 1 is
1 1 1 1
(1) {4n  3  ( 3)n 1} (2) {4n  3  ( 3)n 1} (3) {4n  3  3n 1} (4) {4n  3  3n 1}
16 16 16 16
Sol. Answer (1)

The given series is of the form
u0 + u1n + u2n2 + …..
and let nth term satisfy the relation
un + pun – 1 + qun – 2 = 0
then 7 + 2p + q = 0 and 20 + 7p + 2q = 0
 p = – 2, q = – 3
So, we have the relation
un – 2un – 1 – 3un – 2 = 0
The roots of x2 – 2x – 3 = 0 are 3, – 1

Therefore,
un = A.3n + B(– 1)n
3 1
A + B = 1, 3A – B = 2 ⇒ A  ,B 
4 4
n 1 1
Thus the nth term  un 1x  [3n  ( 1)n 1] x n 1
4
3 1  3n x n 1 1  (  x )n
 sum to n term    
4 1  3x 4 1 x
1  (  n )n
lim n
n 1 1  n
 sum to n terms of the series 1 – 2 + 7 – 20 + ……. is
3 1  ( 3)n n 1
    [4n  3  ( 3)n 1]
4 4 4 16

(n 2  1)
4. The value of ∑ (n  2) n ! is
n 1
9 9
(1) 9 – e (2) e (3) e (4) 9 + e
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)


n2  1 (n 2  1)(n  1)
Let S  ∑  n  2 n !  ∑ (n  2)!
n 1 n 1
Now, (n2 + 1) (n + 1)
= n3 + n2 + n + 1
= a + b(n + 2) + c(n + 2)(n + 1) + d(n + 2)(n + 1)(n)
a = – 5, b = 5, c = – 2 , d = 1
 
1 1 1 1
Thus, S  5 ∑ (n  2)!  5 ∑ n  1!  2∑ n !  ∑ ( n  1)!
n 1 n 1
⎛ 5⎞
 S  5 ⎜⎝ e  ⎟⎠  5(e  2)  2(e  1)  e
2
25
 5e  5e  2e  e   10  2
2
9
 e
2
5. The numbers x1, x2, x3 ...... form an infinite decreasing G.P. If x = 1, then the common ratio of the progression
for which the expression 6x5 – 16x4 – 3x3 + 12x2 is maximum, is
1 2 3 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 4 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Let r be the common ratio then x2 = r, x3 = r2 ……
Also as G.P. is infinite and decreasing,
– 1 < r < 1, r > 0 so, 0 < r < 1 …(i)
Now 6x5 – 16x4 – 3x3 + 12x2
= 6r4 – 16r3 – 3r2 + 12r = f(r)
f (r) = 24r3 – 48r2 – 6r + 12

= 6[4r3 – 8r2 – r + 2]
= 6 (2r – 1) (2r + 1) (r – 2)
1 1
 f (r) = 0 gives r  ,  ,2
2 2
1
Within the domain specified by (I) r  is the only admissible value r.
2
f (r) = 6[12r2 – 16r – 11]
⎛ 1⎞
f '' ⎜ ⎟  6[3  8  1]  0
⎝ 2⎠
1
So f (r) is maximum at r 
2
1
Hence required common ratio 
2
n  1 n 1
6. If total number of runs scored in n matches is (2  n  2) where n  1, and the runs scored in the
4
kth match is given by k.2n + 1 – k, where 1  k  n, n is
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 7 (4) 6
Sol. Answer (3)
n
Sn  ∑ K  2n 1k  2n 1∑ K  2k
k 1
⎡ 1 n ⎤
 2n  2 ⎢1  n  n 1 ⎥  2n  2  4  2n
⎣ 2 2 ⎦
8 n 1
 2n  2  2n  4  (2  n  2) …(i)
4
n  1 n 1
But Sn  (2  2  n) …(ii)
4
From (i) and (ii) n + 1 = 8 n = 7
n2  n  1
7. The sum Sn where Tn  ( 1)n is
n!
( 1)n ( 1)n ⎡ ( 1)n ( 1)n ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)n 1 ( 1)n 1 ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)n ( 1)n 1 ⎤

(1)  (2) ⎢  ⎥ 1 (3) ⎢  ⎥ (4) ⎢  ⎥ 1
n  1! n  1! ⎣⎢ n ! n  1! ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ n  1! (n  1)! ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ n ! (n  1)! ⎦⎥
Sol. Answer (4)
r2  r 1 ⎡ r
⇒ ( 1)r ⎢ 
1 1⎤
 ⎥
Tr  ( 1)r
r! ⎣ r  1! (r  1)! r ! ⎦
⎡ ( 1)r ( 1)r ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)r ( 1)r ⎤

⎢  ⎥⎢  ⎥
⎣⎢ r ! r  1! ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ r  1! (r  2)! ⎦⎥
n ⎡ ( 1)r ( 1)r 1 ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)r 1 ( 1)r  2 ⎤

Sn  ∑ ⎢  ⎥⎢
(r  1)! ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ (r  1)!

r  2! ⎦⎥
⎥
r 1 ⎣⎢ r !
⎡ ( 1)n ( 1)n 1 ⎤
⎢  ⎥ 1
⎣⎢ n ! (n  1)! ⎦⎥
8. Find a three digit number if its digits form a geometric progression and the digits of the number which is
smaller by 400 form an A.P. is
(1) 139 (2) 248 (3) 842 (4) 931
Sol. Answer (4)
Let the digits be a, ar, ar2, then the number is 100a + 10ar + ar2
It is given 100a + 10ar + ar2 – 400
100(a – 4), ar, ar2 are in A.P.
2ar = ar2 + (a – 4)
4
 a(1 – r)2 = 4 ⇒ (1  r )2 
a
4 2
1 – r is a rational number so  is rational
a a
Since a > 4, a = 9
2 1
Hence 1  r  ⇒r 
3 3
So digits 9, 3, 1. Hence the number 931
9. Let Sn, n = 1, 2, 3... be the sum of infinite geometric series whose first term is n and the common ratio is
1 S S  S2Sn 1  S3Sn 2 ......  Sn S1
. Then lim 1 n is
n 1 n  S12  S22  ......  Sn2
1 3 1
(1) (2) (3) 1 (4) 
2 4 2
Sol. Answer (1)
n
Sn  ⇒ Sn  n  1
1
1
n 1
S1Sn + S2Sn – 1 + S3Sn – 2 + ……SnS1
= 2. (n + 1) + 3.n + 4.(n – 1) ……+ (n + 1)2
n
n
 ∑ (r  1)(n  r  2)  6 (n 2  9n  14)
r 1
S12  S22  S32  ...........  Sn2  22  32  .....(n  1)2
(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
 –1
6
n(2n 2  9n  13)

6
S1Sn  S2Sn 1........SnS1 n 2  9n  14 1

 lim  lim 
n  S12  S22  .........  Sn2 n  2n 2  9n  13 2
10. Let x, y  (0, 1) such that there exists a positive number a( 1) satisfying logxa + logya = 4logxya.
⎛y⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ x ⎞⎝ x ⎠
Then the value of ⎜ ⎟ is.....
⎝y⎠
Sol. logxa + logya = 4 logxya
log a log a 4 log a

  =
log x log y log xy
1 1 4
  =
log x log y log x  log y
log x  log y 4
 =
(log x ) . (log y ) (log x  log y )
 (log x + log y)2 = 4 log x . log y

 (log x – log y)2 = 0
x
 log x = log y x = y  =1
y
y
⎛ x⎞ x
 ⎜ ⎟ = (1)1 = 1
⎝ y⎠
3 5
x 1⎛ x ⎞ 1⎛ x ⎞ 2 1 1 2
11. Let a   ⎜ ⎟  ⎜   and b  x  x 3  x 5  x 7  x 9  than
1 x 2 2
3 ⎝ 1 x ⎠ 5 ⎝ 1  x 2 ⎟⎠ 3 5 7 9
(1) a = 2b (2) a = b (3) 2a = b (4) 2a = 3b

Sol. Answer (2)
⎡ x ⎤
1 ⎢1  1  x 2 ⎥ 1 ⎛ 1 x  x2 ⎞
a  log ⎢ ⎥  log ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎢1  x ⎥ 2 ⎝ 1 x  x2 ⎠
⎣⎢ 1  x 2 ⎥⎦
⎛ x3 x5 ⎞ ⎛ x 9 x15 ⎞
b  ⎜x    ⎟  ⎜ x 3    ⎟
⎝ 3 5 ⎠ ⎝ 3 5 ⎠
1 ⎛ 1 x ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 x3 ⎞
 log ⎜ ⎟  log ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 1 x ⎠ 2 ⎝ 1– x 3 ⎠
1 ⎛ 1 x  x2 ⎞
 log ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 1 x  x2 ⎠
Hence a = b
1 1 3 1 3  5 2
12.  x x 
1! 2! 3!
x x x x
(1) e (1 + x) (2) e (1 – x) (3) xe (4) e (x + 2)
Sol. Answer (1)
Tn 
n 2 n 1
x 
n2
x n 1 
 n  1  1 x n 1
n! n  n  1 ! n  1!
⎡ 1 1 ⎤ n 1 x n 1 x n 1
⎢  ⎥x ⇒ Tn  
⎣  n  2 !  n  1 ! ⎦ n  2! n  1!
S = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……
⎡ x x2 ⎤ ⎡ x x2 ⎤
S  x ⎢1   ⎥  ⎢1   ⎥
⎣ 1! 2! ⎦ ⎣ 1! 2! ⎦
= xex + ex = ex(x + 1)
13. Let 2048 arithmetic means be inserted between 222 – 1 and 222 + 1. Suppose the sum of these arithmetic
S
means is S. Then is ...
2 23
Sol. Sum of n, A.M.’s is n times the single A.M.
2048[222  1  222  1]
S=
2
S = 1024 [2.222] = 1024.223
S
 1024
223
26 2  26 2 36 2  99  6 2  100  6

14. Let S     ...   . Then 3S equals.
100 99 98 2 4
4 4 4 4
⎡ 1 1 1⎤ ⎡ 1 2 3 100 ⎤
Sol. S = 2 ⎢ 100  99  ..........  ⎥  6 ⎢ 100  99  98  .......... 
⎣4 4 4 ⎦ ⎣4 4 4 4 ⎥⎦
 S  2S1  6S2
1 1 1 1 2 3 100
Where S1    ...  and S2  100  99  98  ... 
4100 499 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 1
S1 = 100
 99
 ..........
4 4 4
1 1 1
=   ..........  100
4 42 4
100 ⎞
1 ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
4 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠ 1 ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞
100 ⎞
=  ⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎛ 1⎞ 3 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠
4
1 2 3 100
S1 = 100
 99
 98  ............... …(i)
4 4 4 4
1 2 99
S2 × 4 = 99
 98  ...............  100 …(ii)
4 4 4
Subtracting
1 1 1
S2 – 4S2 = 100
 99
 ...............  100
4 4 4
⎛1 1 1 1 ⎞
– 3S2 = ⎜⎝  2  3  ...............  100 ⎟⎠  100
4 4 4 4
100 ⎞
1 ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
4 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠
– 3S2 =  100
⎛ 1⎞
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠
4
100 ⎞
1 ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞
– 3S2 = 3 ⎜ 1  ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ ⎟  100
⎝ ⎠
100
1 ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
– 3S2 =  ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟  100
1 
3 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠
Now,
S = 2S1 + 6S2
⎛ 1 ⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 100 ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 100 ⎞ ⎞
2 1 
= ⎜⎜ 3 ⎜ ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ ⎟ ⎟⎟  2 ⎜  ⎜ 1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟  200
⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎝ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎠ ⎟⎠
S = 200
 3S = 600
16
n4
15. The sum of ∑ 4n 2  1 is
n 1
n4 16n 4  1  1 1 1
Sol. tn  2
 2
 (4n 2  1) 
4n  1 16(4n  1) 16 16(4n 2  1)
1 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
 (4n 2  1)  ⎜  ⎟
16 32 ⎝ 2n  1 2n  1⎠
16
1 ⎡ 4  16  17  33 ⎤ 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 12376
∑ tn  16 ⎢⎣ 6
 16 ⎥ 
⎦ 32
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠  375 
33 33

33
n 1
16. Four different integers form an increasing AP. One of these numbers equal to the sum of squares of the other
three numbers. Find the numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d
Since this is an increasing A.P. of integers, a, b  Z and d > 0
Hence (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = a + 2d
i.e., 2d2 – 2d + 3a2 – a = 0
1⎡
 d 2  4  8(3a 2  a ) ⎤
4 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
1⎡
 1  1  2a  6a 2 ⎤
2 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Since d is positive integer
1 + 2a – 6a2 > 0 and perfect square
Now 6a2 – 2a – 1 < 0
2
⎛ 1⎞ 1 1
⎜⎝ a  ⎟⎠   0
6 36 6
2 ⎛ 2
⎛ 1⎞ 7⎞
Or, ⎜ a  ⎟  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠
7 1 7
 a  since a is integer,
6 6 6
a = 0, then 1 + 2a – 6a2 = 1 which is a perfect square
1
then d  (1  1)  1 or 0 since d > 0 d = 1
2
Hence the number – 1, 0, 1, 2
n
∑r4
r 1
17. n is equal to
2
∑r
r 1
Sol. (x + 1)5 – x5 = 5x4 + 10x3 + 10x2 + 5x + 1
[(x + 1)5 – x5 ] = 5x4 + 10x3 + 10x2 + 5x + 1
n
Where  stands for ∑
x 1
10n 2 (n  1)2 10n(n  1)(2n  1) 5n(n  1)

 ( x  1)1  5x 4    n
4 6 2
5 2 5
5x 4  n 5  5n 4  10n 3  10n 2  5n  n (n  1)2  n(n  1)(2n  1)
2 3
5n(n  1)
 n
2
n(n  1)
 (6n 3  9n 2  n  1)
6
n(n  1)(2n  1)(3n 2  3n  1)


6
x 4 3n(n  1)  1
 2

x 5
2 3 n
3 ⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞
18. an   ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟  ........  ( 1)n ⎜ ⎟ and bn = 1 – an, then find the last natural number n0 such that
4 ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠
bn > an n  n0.
n
3 ⎛ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎞
1
⎜ ⎜  ⎟ ⎟
3 ⎛ 3⎞
2
⎛ 3⎞
3
⎛ 3⎞
n 4 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠
Sol. an   ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟  ........  ( 1)n ⎜ ⎟ 
4 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 3
1
4
n
3 ⎡ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎤
 ⎢1  ⎜  ⎟ ⎥ Since b = 1 – a and b > a n  n
7 ⎢ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎥ n n n n 0
⎣ ⎦
n
6 ⎛ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎞
 ⎜1  ⎜  ⎟ ⎟  1
7 ⎝ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎠
(– 3)n+1 < 22n – 1
When n is even, inequality is held n  N and, for n is odd, inequality is held, when n  7
19. If a, b, c are in AP and b, c, a are in GP, then show that c, a, b are in H.P. Find a : b : c
Sol. a + c = 2b …(i)
ab = c2 …(ii)
2bc c (a  c )
 by the (i)
bc bc
ca  ab
  a by (ii)
bc
 c, a , b are in H.P.
Eliminating of a from (i) and (ii) gives
b(2b – c) = c2
 c2 + bc – 2b2 = 0
(c – b) (c + 2b) = 0
c
  2 ∵ (b  c ) …(iii)
b
a = 2b – c by (i)
a c
 2  4
b b
 a:b:c=4:1:–2


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Chapter 9

Sequences and Series

1. If general term of a sequence is n(n + 1)(2n + 1), then its 5 th term is

Here, an = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)

2. If general term of an A.P. is 2n + 5, then its common difference is

3. If 6 th and 12 th term of an A.P. are 13 and 25 respectively, then its 20 th term is

and a12 = a + 11d = 25

4. If a, b, c, d, e, f are in A.P., then e – c is equal to

5. The m th term of an A.P. is n and n th term is m. Its p th term is

Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get

6. If 8 th term of an A.P. is 15, then the sum of first 15 terms is

Sol. Answer (3)

11. The sum of all two digit odd numbers is

Equation (i) – Equation (ii)

(1) 35 (2) 36 (3) 37 (4) 38

(1) –d (2) –a (3) 0 (4) 2a

⎛ n  3 3 n  6 3n  3 n ⎞ ⎡ (n  2)(n  3) 3(n  2)(n  1) 3n(n  1) n(n  1) ⎤

Sol. Answer (1)

 (a + c)2 = 4ac, –2ac

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (2)

⎡ 2(b  a ) 2(b  a ) ⎤ ⎡ 4(b  a ) b a⎤

26. The fourth term of the G.P. 4, – 2, 1, … is

Sol. Answer (1)

29. If (2p) th term of a G.P. is q 2 and (2q) th term is p 2, then (p + q) th term is

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) ab (2) ac (3) c 2 – b 2 (4) 0

(2x + 2)2 = x(3x + 3)

Hence numbers are 3, 6, 12

(1) 9 3 (2) 18 (3) 18 3 (4) 27

Sol. Answer (3)

Hence required ratio = 1 : 2 : 3

(1) 2  3 (2) 2  3 (3) 3 2 (4) 3  2

Sol. Answer (2)

For an increasing G.P.,

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (4)

 a2 + 6ad + 5d2 = a2 + 4d2 + 4ad

47. The sum 1 + 3 + 32 + … + 3n is equal to

Sol. Answer (2)

48. The sum of the series 12 + 1 + 22 + 2 + 32 + 3 + … + n2 + n is equal to

Sol. Answer (1)

n(n  1) n(n  1)(2n  1)

Sol. Answer (2)

50. The sum of the series 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + … to n terms is equal to

n(n 2  2n  3) n(n 2  3n  5) n(n 2  2n  5) n(n 2  2n  2)

Sol. Answer (2)

Subtracting (ii) from (i),

On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get, A = 2a

On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get, a = 1 and d = 2 then T5  a  (5  1)d  1  4  2  9

53. The maximum sum of the series 100 + 98 + 96 + .... is

Sol. Answer (4)

sin d sin d sin d

sin(2  1) sin(3  2 ) sin(n  n 1)

sin 2 cos 1  cos 2 sin 1 sin 3 cos 2  cos 3 sin 2

 tan n – tan 1, remaining terms are cancelled out

Let, A1, A2 , A3 ,........, A10 are 10 A.M.’s between 3 and 7

Now sum of five terms of an A.P.

by (i) and (ii)

tmn = a + (mn 1)d

Also x =1, is the root of the equation, hence root is tmn.

Common difference of second A.P. = d2 = 5