METAL/SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS

Engineering Data/FAQs

Torque Tables
These tables were developed to be used with Garlock spiral
wound gaskets. They are to be used only as a general guide. They
should not be considered to contain absolute values due to the
large number of uncontrollable variables involved with bolted
joints. If there is doubt as to the proper torque value to use, we
suggest that the maximum value be used.

All bolt torque values are based upon the use of new nuts (ASTM
A194, GR 2H) and new bolts (ASTM A193, GR B7) of proper
design, acceptable quality and approved materials of construction
as well as metallurgy. It is also required that two hardened steel
washers be used under the head of each nut and that a non-
metallic based lubricant (i.e. oil and graphite) be used on the nuts,
bolts and washers.

The flanges are assumed to be in good condition and in

compliance with ASME B16.5 specifications. Special attention
should be given to seating surface finish and flatness. See
"Recommended Flange Finish".

Only torque wrenches that have been calibrated should be used.

The proper bolt tightening pattern must be followed with the
desired ultimate torque value arrived at in a minimum of three
equal increments. All bolts in the flange should then be checked
in consecutive order in a counterclockwise direction. See "Gasket
Installation".

The contact dimensions listed are taken from the ID and OD of

the windings, which are different from the ASME ring gasket
dimensions.

No provisions have been made in these tables to account for

vibration effects on the bolts. These tables are are based on
ambient conditions, without compensation for elevated
temperatures. If conditions different from these exist, we suggest
that further analysis be performed to determine the appropriate
torque values.

Torque Tables
For Spiral Wound Gaskets, ASME B16.5
Class 150
Nom. Pipe Size (inches)
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 5 6.13 7.19 9.19 11.31 13.38 14.63 16.63 18.69 20.69 24.75
(inches)
 Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75 27
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79 1.13 1.53 1.67 2.39 3.01 3.50 5.15 7.47 9.02 12.88 18.25 22.21 30.37 33.07 44.51 63.88 70.36 91.45
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88 1 1 1.13 1.13 1.25
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60 60 60 60 60 120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320 320 490 490 710 710 1000
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 7560 7560 7560 7560 7560 12120 12120 12120 12120 18120 18120 18120 25140 25140 33060 33060 43680 43680 55740
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
38503 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584 9933 11995 11884 10940 12415 12190
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 9406 10000 10000 10000 7945 10000 9933 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum 16 22 30 33 47 74 87 120 92 124 178 200 236 320 408 412 649 572 820
 Torque per
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
30000 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584 9933 11995 11884 10940 12415 12190
Recomm.
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 60 60 60 60 120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320 320 490 490 710 710 1000
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 300

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 5 6.13 7.19 9.19 11.31 13.38 14.63 16.63 18.69 20.69 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75 27
(inches)
Gsk. Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 1.67 2.38 3.03 3.53 5.15 7.52 8.97 12.85 18.28 22.24 30.25 32.94 44.36 63.78 70.25 91.40
Contact
 (Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.88 1 1.13 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.5
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60 120 120 120 200 120 200 200 200 200 200 320 490 710 710 1000 1000 1000 1600
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 18120 18120 18120 25140 33060 43680 43680 55740 55740 55740 84300
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102 26520 25133 20975 19044 22135
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per 16 28 38 41 66 38 49 71 104 124 118 194 206 307 268 398 477 525 723
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. 30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102 26520 25133 20975 19044 22135
Recomm.
 Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 84 115 120 197 113 146 200 200 200 200 320 490 710 710 1000 1000 1000 1600
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 400

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.88 10.81 12.88 14.25 16.25 18.5 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75 27
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92 40.56 41.56 54.17 69.33 76.39 91.40
(Sq. in.)
No. of
8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
Bolts
Size of
0.88 0.88 0.88 1 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.38 1.5 1.75
Bolts
 (inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 320 320 320 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1360 1600 3000
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 25140 25140 25140 33060 43680 55740 55740 69300 69300 84300 118800
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485 31194
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per 150 190 173 280 314 455 373 531 567 604 962
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485 3000
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 320 320 320 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1360 1600 2885
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.
Class 600

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.88 10.81 12.88 14.25 16.25 18.5 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75 27
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79 1.13 1.55 1.67 2.38 3.03 3.53 5.15 9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92 40.56 41.56 54.17 69.33 76.39 91.40
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 20 20 20 20 24 24
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.88 1 1 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.5 1.63 1.63 1.88
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
60 120 120 120 200 120 200 200 320 490 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1600 2200 2200 4000
@ 60 ksi
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 25140 33060 33060 43680 55740 55740 69300 84300 100800 100800 138240
Bolt @
 60K
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486 33353 31127 29080 31669 36298
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
16 28 38 41 66 38 49 71 150 222 201 307 347 364 408 514 757 695 1102
per
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
Recomm. 30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486 30000 30000 29080 30000 30000
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 84 115 120 197 113 146 200 320 490 490 710 1000 1000 1223 1542 2200 2084 3306
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.
Class 900

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 3.75 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.75 10.88 12.75 14 16.25 18.25 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5 15.75 18 20.5 22.5 26.75
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 6.67 9.43 11.97 16.27 20.45 24.88 37.43 40.87 47.05 68.44 67.51 80.86
(Sq. in.)
No. of
8 8 8 12 12 16 20 20 20 20 20 20
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.88 1.13 1.25 1.13 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.5 1.63 1.88 2 2.5
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 320 710 1000 710 1360 1360 1360 1600 2200 4000 4400 8800
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 25140 43680 55740 43680 69300 69300 69300 84300 100800 138240 159120 257520
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
30142 37059 37264 32213 40660 44575 37024 41254 42847 40396 47140 63699
Comp. Available
 (psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per 106 192 268 220 334 305 367 388 513 990 933 1381
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 318 575 805 661 1003 915 1102 1164 1540 2971 2800 4144
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 1500

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63 5.63 6.75 8.5 10.5 12.75 14.25 16 18.25 20.25 24.25
(inches)
Gsk. OD 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5 15.75 18 20.5 22.5 26.75
Contact
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 31.25 37.43 35.55 53.38 68.44 75.51 100.09
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88 1 0.88 1 1.13 1.25 1.5 1.38 1.63 1.88 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.5
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 200 200 320 320 490 320 490 710 1000 1600 1360 2200 4000 4400 6360 8800 11840 15440 26000
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
1812 1812 2514 2514 3306 2514 3306 4368 5574 8430 6930 10080 13824 15912 20538 25752 31554 37944 52500
Bolt @
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
9233 6440 6496 3965 4182 4208 4497 4742 4323 4965 4708
Comp. 50742 53079 68010 93024 77188 73765 80403 83927
1 5 4 0 1 1 1 9 9 1 3
Available
(psi)
 Min.
Gsk.
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Comp. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimu
m
Torque
22 31 49 81 117 76 109 150 231 322 289 434 754 647 684 1140 1605 1920 3098
per
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Recomm. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 65 93 148 242 351 228 327 449 694 967 867 1301 2261 1941 2051 3420 4815 5761 9294
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 2500
 Nom. Pipe Size (inches)
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63 5.63 6.75 8.5 10.63 12.5
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 29.10 42.39
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.75 0.75 0.88 1 1.13 1 1.13 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2 2.5 2.75
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 200 200 320 490 710 490 710 1000 1600 3000 4400 4400 8800 11840
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 18120 18120 25140 33060 43680 33060 43680 55740 84300 118800 159120 159120 257520 315540
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 92331 64405 64964 52141 55255 55338 59417 60524 65394 69970 72071 80101 106207 89325
(psi)
Min. Gsk. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Comp. Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per 22 31 49 94 128 89 119 165 245 429 611 549 829 1325
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 65 93 148 282 385 266 358 496 734 1286 1832 1648 2486 3976
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Torque to Stress Bolts

The torque required to produce a certain stress in bolting is dependent on several conditions, including:

 Diameter and number of threads on bolt

 Condition of nut bearing surfaces
 Lubrication of bolt threads and nut bearing surfaces.
The tables below reflect the results of many tests to determine the relation between torque and bolt stress. Values are based on steel bolts that
have been well-lubricated with a heavy graphite and oil mixture.

A non-lubricated bolt has an efficiency of about 50% of a well-lubricated bolt. Also, different lubricants produce results that vary from 50% to
100% of the tabulated stress figures.

For Alloy Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque load is applied)

Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)

1- 1- 1- 1-
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3
1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2
Number
of
20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root 0.18 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.73 0.83 0.96 1.08 1.21 1.33
1.463 1.588 1.713 1.838 2.088 2.338 2.588 2.838
of Thread 5 0 4 5 0 4 7 0 1 8 3 8 3 8
(inches)
Area
at Root 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.30 0.41 0.55 0.72 0.92 1.15 1.40
1.680 1.980 2.304 2.652 3.423 4.292 5.259 6.324
of Thread 7 5 8 3 6 2 2 2 9 1 8 9 5 5
(sq. inch)
S 30,000
psi
4 8 12 20 30 45 60 100 160 245 355 500 680 800 1100 1500 2000 2200 3180 4400 5920 7720
T Torque
(ft lbs)
 30,000
R psi
Compre 135 204 279 378 486 1257 1653 2184 2787 3465 4215 10269 12876 15777 18972
810 6060 9060 50400 59400 69120 79560
s- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E sion
(lbs)
45,000
S psi
6 12 18 30 45 68 90 150 240 368 533 750 1020 1200 1650 2250 3000 3300 4770 6600 8880 11580
Torque
S (ft lbs)
45,000
psi
Compre 121 202 306 418 567 729 1359 1885 2479 3276 4180 5197 6322 10368 11934 15403 19314 23665 26458
9090 75600 89100
s- 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 5 0 5 0
sion
(lbs)
60,000
psi
8 16 24 40 60 90 120 200 320 490 710 1000 1360 1600 2200 3000 4000 4400 6360 8800 11840 15440
Torque
(ft lbs)
60,000
psi
Compre 162 270 408 558 756 972 1212 1812 2514 3306 4368 5574 6930 8430 10080 11880 13824 15912 20538 25752 31554 37944
s- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sion
(lbs)
For Machine Bolts and Cold Rolled Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque load is applied)

Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2
Number
of
20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 5-1/2 5 5 4-1/2
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root
0.185 0.240 0.294 0.345 0.400 0.454 0.507 0.620 0.731 0.838 0.939 1.064 1.158 1.283 1.389 1.490 1.615 1.711
of Thread
(inches)
Area
at Root
0.027 0.045 0.068 0.093 0.126 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419 0.551 0.693 0.890 1.054 1.294 1.515 1.744 2.049 2.300
of Thread
(sq. inch)
7,500 psi
S Torque 1 2 3 5 8 12 15 25 40 62 98 137 183 219 300 390 525 563
(ft lbs)
T 7,500 psi
Compres- 203 338 510 698 945 1215 1515 2265 3143 4133 5190 6675 7905 9705 11363 13080 15368 17250
R sion (lbs)

E 15,000 psi
Torque 2 4 6 10 15 23 30 50 80 123 195 273 365 437 600 775 1050 1125
S (ft lbs)
15,000 psi
S Compres- 405 675 1020 1395 1890 2340 3030 4530 6285 8265 10380 13350 15810 19410 22725 26160 30735 34500
sion (lbs)
 30,000 psi
Torque 4 8 12 20 30 45 60 100 160 245 390 545 730 875 1200 1550 2100 2250
(ft lbs)
30,000 psi
Compres- 810 1350 2040 2790 3780 4860 6060 9060 12570 16530 20760 26700 31620 38820 45450 52320 61470 69000
sion (lbs)

WARNING:
Properties/application shown here are typical. Your specific application should not be undertaken without independent study and evaluation for
suitability. For specific application recommendations consult Garlock. Failure to select the proper sealing products could result in property
damage and/or serious personal injury.

Performance data published here has been developed from field testing, customer field reports and/or in-house testing.

While the utmost care has been used in compiling this information, we assume no responsibility for errors. Specifications subject to change
without notice. This edition cancels all previous issues. Subject to change without notice.

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