COMPACT MICRSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

FOR WLAN APPLICATION

S. Abirami ,S.Bavithra, S.Keerthika and P.Rengalakshmi AP/ECE,
Electronics and Communication Engineering,
P.S.R.Rengasamy college of engineering for women,
Sivakasi, India

Abstract: A compact Dual-Band patch
antenna is proposed for WLAN application
such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi which covering
2.4GHz and 5.2GHz. The antenna fabricated
on FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity
and tangent loss are 4.4and 0.02 respectively
and uses probe feed technique. Due to etching
of U-slot in ground layer, the dual band
property is obtained. The compact antenna is
achieved by combination of shorting pin and
defected ground structure (DGS).The
radiation properties such as return loss,
radiation pattern, Bandwidth and gain of
proposed antenna are designed evaluated by
using HFSS software.
INTRODUCTION
An antenna is a very important device in
WLAN application .It is made to efficiently
radiate and receive the radiated electromagnetic
waves and maintain the same characteristics. A
Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating
patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a
ground plane on the other side. It is increasing in
popularity for use in wireless application due to
their small size, low-profile and low weight [1].
In recent years many wireless devices have
been developed successfully such as smart cell
phones, receivers and wireless sensors [2].
Multiband microstrip antennas are demand for
such applications are wireless local area network
(WLAN) and satellite communications [3].
Small antennas many mathematical definitions
are developed for Electrically Small Antennas
(ESA), one of the widely used one is to satisfy
ka <1[1] where k is the wave number and a is
the radius of the smallest sphere. Many methods
are used for miniaturizing dual- band patch
antennas such as shorting via a shorting post and
60% miniaturization ratio was achieved in
[4].Etching U-slots of the appropriate
dimensions is cut in the ground to get the
maximum gain and provide a broadband
operation at high frequency [5].The defected
ground structures(DGS)to miniaturize the patch
antennas and achieve dual- band properties in
[7].In coaxial feeding the inner conductor of the
coaxial is attached to radiation patch of the
antenna and the outer conductor is connected to
the ground plane[8].The smallest size was
achieved with the use of a FR4 substrate (with a
relative permittivity εr=4.44)
In this paper, a compact dual band patch
antenna is designed to cover two WLAN bands
at 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz .miniaturization is
obtained by shorting the patch and ground via a
shorting pin and DGS. By using a U-slot etched
in the ground to achieve the dual band property.
 The rest of the paper is organized as 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = Effective length
follows: section II contains the antenna design, εeff= Effective permittivity
concludes the paper. f0 =Resonant frequency
h=Height of patch antenna
DESIGN OF DUAL BAND PATCH
ANTENNA
In second stage, antenna contains the top
The proposed compact dual band patch layer is the patch which is shorted to ground
antenna geometry is shown in Fig1 and also top through a via hole. The antenna is fed with an
bottom layer are shown. The dimensions of SMA connector acting as a feeding probe at its
antenna are shown in table1. edge. The U-Slot etched in the ground plane is
Design of proposed antenna contains one part of defected ground structure which will
three stages, make the antenna resonate at dual band When
In first stage, the antenna is fabricated current goes from patch to the ground layer
an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4, through the shorting pin and etching of U-Slot in
loss tangent of 0.02 and thickness of ground plane. The resonance frequency of
0.76mm.dimensions of antenna is calculated by proposed antenna at 2.45GHz when the circle
following The Length and width of an antenna surrounds all the substrate as shown in fig2. The
as 14mm and 14mm same as ground layer. radius “a” of the circle shown in fig2 is 18mm
Dimension of antenna in determined by using so that ka=0.9<1.
following formulae,
c 2
i. Patch Width: Wp = √
2f0 εr +1
ii. Effective dielectric constant:
εr + 1 εr − 1 h −1
εeff = + + [1 + 12 ] 2
2 2 w
iii. Effective Length:
c
Leff =
2f0 √εeff
(a)Top view (b)Bottom view
iv. Line Extension: ∆L =
Wp
(εeff +0.3)( +0.264)
h
0.412h Wp
(εeff −0.258)( +0.8)
h
v. Patch Length:
Lp = Leff − 2∆L
vi. Ground plane Width:
Wg = 6h + Wp
vii. Ground plane Length:
Lg = 6h + Lp
viii. Position of feed point: (c) Side view (d) Circle surrounding whole
Lp Wp the antenna
Xf = 2 , Yf =
√εeff 2

Fig: 1 Compact dual-band patch antenna.

Where, c = Free space velocity
ΔL= Line extension
 In third stage, simulation of the
proposed antenna is done in that stage radiation TABLE: 2 EFFECT OF THE U-SLOT WIDTH
parameters of an antenna such as radiation (L2) ON THE ANTENNA RESONANCE
pattern, return loss s (t) parameters, gain and Value(mm) 1st 2nd
bandwidth are measured and checked whether resonance resonance(GHz)
the proposed antenna contains basic properties (GHz)
of antenna by using HFSS software. 3 2.78 5.1
3.5 2.52 5.17
4 2.42 5.23
TABLE: 1 DETAILED DIMENSIONS OF THE
5 1.8 5.4
PROPOSED PATCH
Parameter Value Parameter Value All the parameters well set to the values in table
(mm) (mm)
1, when the sweeps were conducted. Changing
L 14 W1 0.8
L2 will affect only the lower band which
W 14 W2 0.6
Lp 11 W3 0.5 indicates changing L2 controlled the frequency
Wp 8.5 a 10.35 difference between lower and higher frequency
L1 7 t 0.76 band and conclusion of above is shown in table
L2 2.6 2.
L3 5 TABLE: 3 EFFECT OF THE ARM’S LENGTH
(L3) ON THE ANTENNA RESONANCE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Value(mm) Lower Higher
resonance(GHz) resonance
The dual band property of the proposed (GHz)
design was achieved using a U-slot etched in the 0.8 2.7 5.42
ground layer as part of DGS as the current goes 1 2.62 5.36
to the ground layer through the shorting pin 1.5 2.42 5.26
which makes the ground layer as part of the 2.3 1.82 4.82
antenna (radiator). Compact size of antenna is
achieved by using shorting pin and defected
ground structure (DGS) technique. The dual and Changing U-Slot ARM’s length (L3) will affect
properties of antenna based on U-Slot at ground both frequency band with the same amount and
plane, so the length and width of U-slot affect that was clearly shown in table 3. To conclude,
the antenna resonance and controlling the higher lower band resonance can be reduced with
frequency band. reduced matching levels by increasing L2 and
changing L3 will shift both bands with the same
amount of frequency, such that lower resonance
frequency with worse matching levels will be
given by larger L3 values.

Fig: 3 is clearly shown characteristics of s11of

proposed antenna. The antenna has a measured -
10db bandwidth of 40MHz at 2.43GHz and
1.4GHz at 5.2GHz. The antenna has maximum
Fig: 2 Return loss gains of -1.7 and 9.5db at 2.45 and 5.2GHz
respectively. The measured efficiency of the
antenna was -5.27db (30%) and -0.9db(81%) at
2.43 and 5.2GHz respectively that are consider
acceptable for miniaturized dual band patch
antenna. The far-field radiation pattern for the
proposed dual band slotted antenna are also
examined in Fig: 5and Fig: 6.
Fig: 3 Simulated gain at 2.45GHZ.
Fig: 4 Simulated gain at 5.25GHZ.
In Fig: 5 show as VSWR of proposed antenna,
the antenna has measurement as VSWR 1.26 at
2.45GHZ and 2.1 at 5.2GHZ respectively. Due
to this VSWR plot,
Fig: 5 2D Radiation Pattern
Fig.5 shows the 2D simulated radiation pattern
for the antenna at lower band at 2.45GHZ and
upper band at 5.2GHZ.
In that proposed work, omnidirectional
radiation pattern is achieved at two resonance
frequencies as expected for small antennas with
linear polarization. If the GND plane is
increased the resonance frequency of the
structure decreases and its efficiency starts
increasing in both bands.
CONCLUSION
A compact dual band patch antenna is
designed for WLAN application which covers
two bands at 2.4GHZ and 5.2GHZ. A large size
reduction of an antenna was achieved by
shorting pin and novel DGS. Etching of U-slot
as a part DGS used for dual band operation.
Using of rectangular slot to increase the
current path and matching the antenna at the
desired frequencies. The antenna is an ESA at
2.45GHZ.even the antenna substrate is
considered as FR4.Maerial analysis to show the
effect of the U- slot width and length on the
antenna resonance and how to control higher
frequency band. The antenna is fabricated on
FR4 substrate with 14×14×0.76mm3 and the
measured result had a good agreement with communication Application”, IEEE Antenna and
simulated ones. Wireless propagation letters ,2015

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