Physics 2007 Solved Paper Delhi

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CBSE 12th Physics 2007 Solved Paper

Delhi Board
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CBSE 12th Physics 2007 Solved Paper

Delhi Board
TIME - 3HR. | QUESTIONS - 30
THE MARKS ARE MENTIONED ON EACH QUESTION
SECTION - A
Q.1. A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index
1.65. What is the nature of the lens? 1 mark
Ans. The nature of the lens is converging.
Q.2. Define Capacitive reactance, Write its S.I. Units. 1 mark
Ans. Capacitive reactance is the resistance offered by a capacitor when it is connected to an

electric circuit. It given by
1
𝑋𝑐 =
𝜔𝐶
Where,
𝜔 = Angular frequency of the source
C = Capacitance of the capacitor
The S.I. unit of capacitor reactance is ohm ().
Q. 3. Two spherical bobs, one metallic and the other of glass, of the same size are
allowed to fall freely from the same height above the ground. Which of the two
would reach earlier and why? 1 mark
Ans. A glass bob is non-conducting, while a metallic bob is conducting. Due to the non-
conducting nature of the glass bob, it will only experience the Earth's gravitational pull.
So, the glass bob will reach the ground earlier. Because of its conducting nature, Eddy
current is induced in the metallic bob as it falls through the magnetic field of the Earth.
By Lenz's law, the current induced is such that it opposes the motion of the metallic bob.
So, the metallic bob will experience a force in the upward direction. This will slow
down the metallic bob by some extent. Hence, it will reach the Earth after the glass bob.
Q. 4. The carrier wave is given by

C (t) = 2sin (8π t) volt.
The modulating signal is a square wave as shown. Find modulation index. 1 mark
A𝑚 1
Ans. µ = = = 0.5
A𝑐 2
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Q.5. A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery

and a resistance of 38 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current in
circuit. 1 mark
Ans. Since, the positive terminal of the batteries are connected together, so the equivalent
emf of the batteries is given by
 = 200 -10 = 190v.
ε
Hence, the current in the circuit is given by 𝐼 = .
𝑅
190
𝐼= = 5𝐴
38
Q.6. Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, prism ‘A’ and angle of
minimum deviation for a triangular prism. 1 mark
Ans. The relation between the angle of incidence I, angle of prism A, and angle of minimum
deviation,
A + Δ𝑚
∆𝑚 for a triangular prism is given by 𝑖 = 2
Q.7. State de-Broglie hypothesis. 1 marks
Ans. Moving object sometimes acts as a wave and sometimes as a particle, or wave is
associated with the moving particle, which controls the particle in every respect.
This wave associated with the moving particle is called matter wave or de-Broglie wave,
its wavelength by
ℎ ℎ
𝜆= =
𝑝 𝑚𝑣
Q.8. Under what condition does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive
index actas a plane glass sheet when immersed in a liquid? 1 marks
Ans. A biconvex lens will act like a plane sheet of glass if it is immersed in a liquid
having the same index if refraction as itself. In this case, the focal length is zero.

SECTION - B
Q.9. Write the expression for Lorentz magnetic force on a particle of charge 'q' moving
⃗ in a magnetic field ⃗𝑩
with velocity 𝒗 ⃗ . 2 mark
Ans. Lorentz force: When a charged particle is in electric field, force experienced by the
particle
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑞𝐸⃗
Force on moving charged particle in magnetic field,
⃗ ×𝐵
𝐹𝐵 = 𝑞(𝑉 ⃗)
If both the fields are present, then
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸⃗ + 𝑞(𝑉
⃗ ×𝐵
⃗)
Q.10. What is sky wave communication? Why is this mode of propagation restricted to
the frequencies only up to few MHz? 2 mark
Ans. Sky wave communication: It is the mode of wave propagation in which the radio
waves emitted from the transmitter antenna reach the receiving antenna after reflection
by the ionosphere. In sky wave propagation, the radio waves of frequency range from
generally 1710 KHz to 40 MHz are used. This mode of propagation is used by short
wave broadcast service. The electromagnetic waves of frequencies greater than 40 MHz
penetrate the ionosphere and escape.
Q.11. A test charge ‘q’ is moved without acceleration from A to C along the path from
A to B and then from B to C in electric field E as shown in the figure. (i) Calculate
the potential difference between A and C. (ii) At which point (of the two) is the
potential more and why? 2 mark
Ans. Distance between Point A and C

𝐴𝐶 = 6 − 2
=4
𝑑𝑟 = 𝐴𝐶 = 4
𝑑𝑉
𝐸=
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑉 = 𝐸. 𝑑𝑟 = 𝐸×4
𝑑𝑉 = 4𝐸

(ii) In the direction of electric field, the potential decreases

∴ 𝑉𝑐 > 𝑉𝐴 .
Q.12. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field.

(i) Show that the net force acting it is zero.
(ii) The dipole is aligned to the field. Find the work done in rotating it through the
angle of 180. 2 mark
Ans. (i) Consider an electric dipole consisting of two equal and opposite point charges, −𝑞 at
A
and +𝑞 at E Separated by a small distance 2𝜃
𝐴𝐵 = 2𝜃, having dipole moment |𝑃⃗| = 𝑞(2𝑎). Let the dipole be held in a uniform
external electric field 𝐸⃗ at an angle q with the direction of 𝐸⃗ .
Force on charge −𝑞 at 𝐴 = −𝑞 𝐸⃗ , in a direction opposite to 𝐸⃗
Force on charge +𝑞 at 𝐵 = +𝑞𝐸⃗ , along the direction of 𝐸⃗ .
Net force on the dipole = 𝑞𝐸 − 𝑞𝐸 = 0
(ii) Work done on dipole, 𝑊 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑝𝐸(cos 𝜃1 − cos 𝜃2 )
𝑊 = 𝑝𝐸(cos 0o − cos 180o
𝑊 = 2𝑝𝐸
Q.13. A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is being charged by connecting it across a dc

source along with an ammeter. Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection
during the process of charging? If so, how would you explain this momentary
deflection and the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the
expression for the current inside the capacitor. 2 mark
Ans. As soon as the capacitor is charged its plates are the same potential difference as emf of
battery. So ammeter show deflection during charging only after that current become
zero in circuit.
Q.14. Draw typical output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration.

Show how these characteristics can be used to determine output resistance. 2 mark

Ans. Output characteristics is the plot between collector-emitter voltage (VCE ) and the
collector current v
(IC ) at different constant values of base current (IB ).
Output resistance is defined as the ratio of the change in collector-emitter voltage
(ΔVCE ) to the change
in collector current (ΔIC ) at a constant base current (IB ).
Initially with the increase in VCE the collector current increase almost linearly this is
because the junction is not reverse biased. When the supply is more than required to
reverse bias the base-collector junction, IC increase very little with VCE
The reciprocal of slope of the linear part of the curve gives the value of output
resistance i.e.,
Δ V𝐶𝐸
𝑟0 = ( ) IB.
ΔI𝑐
Q.15. Describe briefly, with the help of a circuit diagram, how a potentiometer is used to
determine the internal resistance of a cell. 2 mark
Ans. Measurement of internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer is shown in figure. The
cell of emf, E
is connected across a resistance box (R) through key 𝐾2
When, 𝐾2 is open, balance length is obtained at length A𝑁1 = 𝑙1

E = ∅𝑙1 … (𝑖)
When 𝐾2 is closed:
Let V be the terminal potential difference of cell and the balance is obtained A𝑁2 = 𝑙2
∴ V = ∅𝑙2 …... (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
𝐸 𝑙1
= … . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝑉 𝑙2
E= I (r+R)
V = IR
𝐸 𝑟+𝑅
=
𝑉 𝑅
From (iii) and (iv), we get
𝑟+𝑅 𝑙1
=
𝑅 𝑙2
𝐸 𝑙1
=
𝑉 𝑙2
𝐸
r = R (𝑉 − 1)
𝑙
r = R (𝑙1 − 1)
2
We know 𝑙1 , 𝑙2 and R, so we can calculator r.
Q.16. Write the functions of the following in communication systems: 2 mark

(i) Transmitter
(ii) Modulator
Ans. Transmitter: It is a device or a setup which transmits the message to receiver through
communication channel.
Modulator: It is a device in which the amplitude frequency (phase) of a high frequency
carrier wave is made to change in accordance with message signal through super
position.
Q.17. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is
required to generalize Ampere's circuital law to include the term due to
displacement current. 2 mark

Ans. Using Gauss law, the electric flux ϕ𝐸 of a parallel plate capacitor having an area A, and
a total charge
Q is
1Q Q
ϕ𝐸 = 𝐸𝐴 = ×A =
𝜀0 A 𝜀0
Q
Where electric field is; 𝐸=
A𝜀0
As the charge Q on the capacitor plate changes with time, so current is given by
𝑑𝑄
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡
ϕ𝐸 𝑑 Q 1 𝑑𝑄
= ( )=
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜀0 𝜀0 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜀0 𝑑𝑄
⇒ 𝜀0 = =𝑖
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
This is the missing term in Ampere’s circuital law. So, the total current through the
conductor is
𝑖 = Conduction current (𝑖𝑐) + Displacement current (𝑖𝑑)
𝑑ϕ𝐸
𝑖 = 𝑖𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 = 𝑖𝑐 + 𝜀
𝑑𝑡
As Ampere’s circuital law is given by
ϕ𝐵⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑡 = 𝜇0 I
After modification, Ampere” Maxwell law is given as
𝑑ϕ𝐸
ϕ 𝐵. 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜇0 𝑖𝑐 + 𝜇0 𝜀0
𝑑𝑡
The total current passing through any surface, of which the closed loop is the perimeter,
is the sum of the conduction and displacement current.
Q.18. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal Length 150 cm and eyepiece of 5
cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope viewing distant in normal
adjustment?
If this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 km away. what is height of the
image O\of the tower formed by the objective lens? 2 mark
Ans. Given 𝑓0 = 150 𝑐𝑚

𝑓𝑒 = 5𝑐𝑚
When final image is at infinity,
Magnanimity power,
−𝑓 −150
𝑚= = = −30
𝑓𝑒 5.0
Negative sign shows that the image is inverted

Let AB be tower and A ‘B’ its image, then
𝐻 ℎ1
=
𝑢 𝑢

∴ height of image formed by objective

𝐻
ℎ1 = 𝑣
𝑢
Here 𝐻 = 100𝑚,
𝑢 = 3 𝑘𝑚 = 3000𝑚
𝐻
For distant object 𝑣 = 𝑓𝑎 = 150 𝑐𝑚 = 1.50 𝑚 = ℎ1 = 𝑓𝑎
𝑢
𝐻
ℎ1 = 𝑣
𝑢
100 𝑚
= ×1.40 𝑚 = 4.7 ×10−2 𝑚 = 4.7 𝑐𝑚
3000 𝑚
SECTION - C
Q.19. Two heating elements of resistances 𝑹𝟏 and 𝑹𝟐 when operated at a constant

supply of voltage, V, consume powers 𝑷𝟏 and 𝑷𝟐 respectively. Deduce the
expressions for the power of their combination when they are, in turn, connected
in (i) series and (ii) parallel across the same voltage supply. 3 marks
Ans. Two resistance are 𝑅1 and 𝑅2
Both consume the power 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 respectively.
𝑉2
𝑃=
𝑅
𝑉2 𝑉2
∴ 𝑃1 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃2 =
𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 +𝑅2
(i) Power in series = + = + =
𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑉2 𝑉2 𝑉2
(ii) power in parallel = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2
𝑉 2 𝑉 2 𝑉 2 (𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )
= + =
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅2
Q.20. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1·5 is dipped, in turn, in (i) a
medium of refractive index 1·65, (ii) a medium of refractive index 1·33.
(a) Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media? 3 marks
Ans. Here,
𝑎
𝜇𝑔 = 1.5
1 1 1
Let 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 be the focal length of the lens in air, Then, ( 𝑎𝜇𝑔 − 1) ( − )
𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1 1
Or (𝑅 − 𝑅 ) = 𝐹 𝑎 =
1 2 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ( 𝜇𝑔 −1) 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 (1.5−1)
1 1 1
Or (𝑅 − 𝑅 ) = 𝐹 …. (i)
1 2 𝑎𝑖𝑟
(i) When lens is dipped in medium A

Here, ( 𝑎𝜇𝑎 = 1.65)
Let 𝐹𝐴 be the focal length of the lens, when dipped in medium A. Then,
1 𝑎 1 1
( 𝜇𝑔 − 1) ( − )
𝐹𝐴 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑎
𝜇𝑔 1 1
=( 𝑎 − 1) ( − )
𝜇𝑎 𝑅1 𝑅2
using the equation (i), we have

1 1.5 1 1
=( − 1) × =−
𝑓𝐴 1.65 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 5.5𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟
As the sign of 𝑓𝐴 is opposite to that of 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 the lens will behave as a diverging lens.
(ii) When lens is dipped in medium B:

𝑎
Here, 𝜇𝑔 = 1.33
Let 𝐹𝐵 be the focal length of the lens, when dipped in medium B. Then,
𝑎
1 𝐵 1 1 𝜇𝑔 1 1
( 𝜇𝑔 − 1) ( − ) = ( 𝑎 − 1) ( − )
𝐹𝐵 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝜇𝑏 𝑅1 𝑅2
Using the equation (i), we have
1 1.5 2 0.34
=( − 1) × =
𝐹𝐵 1.33 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 1.33𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟
Or 𝑓𝐵 = 3.91 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟
As the sign of 𝑓𝐵 is same as that of 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑟 the lens will behave as a converging lens.

Q. 21. While travelling back to his residence in the car, Dr. Pathak was caught up in a
thunderstorm. It became very dark. He stopped driving the car and waited for
thunderstorm to stop. Suddenly he noticed a child walking alone on the road. He
asked the boy at his residence. The boy insisted that Dr. Pathak should meet his
parents. The parents expressed their gratitude to Dr. Pathak for his concern for
safety of the child. 3 marks
Answer the following questions based on the above information:

(a) Why is it safer to sit inside a car during a thunderstorm?
(b) Which two values are displayed by Dr. Pathak in his actions?
(c) Which values are reflected in parents’ response to Dr. Pathak?
(d) Give an example of a similar action on your part in the past from everyday
life.
Ans.(a) It is safer to be inside a car during thunder-storm because the car acts like a faraday
cage. The metal in the car will shield you from any external electric field and thus
prevent the lightening within the car.
(b) Awareness and Humanity.
(c) Gratitude and obliged
(d) I once came across to a situation where a puppy was struck in the middle of a busy
road during rain and was not able to cross due to heavy flow, so I quickly rushed and
helped him.
Q.22. (a) Why photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of
light? Give reasons.
(b) write the basis features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on
which Einstein’s photoelectric equation is based. 3 marks
Ans. (a) Wave nature of radiation cannot explain the following:

(i) The instantaneous ejection of photoelectrons.
(ii) The existence of threshold frequency for a metal surface
(iii) The fact that kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is independent of the
intensity of light and depends upon its frequency.
Thus, the photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature
of light.
(b) Photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric

equation is based on particle nature of light. Its basic features are:
(i) In interaction with matter, radiation behaves as if it is made up of particles
called photons.

ℎ𝑣
(ii) Each photon has energy E = hv and momentum 𝑝 = and speed C, the
𝑐
speed of light.
(iii) All photons of light a particular frequency v, or wavelength 𝜆 have the same
ℎ𝑣 ℎ𝑣 ℎ
energy 𝐸 = ℎ𝑣 = and momentum 𝑝 = = 𝜆whatever the
𝑐 𝑐
intensity of radiation may be.
(iv) By increasing the intensity of light of given wavelength, there is only an
increase in the number of photons per second crossing a given area, with each
photon having the same energy. Thus photon energy is independent of
intensity of radiation.
Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic
fields.
Q.23. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function separation.

Mark the regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. Write
any two characteristic features of nuclear forces. 3 marks
Ans. Part AB represents repulsive force and part BCD represents attractive force.
Conclusion:
(i) Nuclear forces are attractive and stronger, then electrostatic force.
(ii) Nuclear forces are charge-independent.

Q.24. You are given three lenses 𝑳𝟏 , 𝑳𝟐 and 𝑳𝟑 each of focal length 20 cm. An object is
kept at 40 cm in front of 𝑳𝟏 , as shown. The final real image is formed at the focus
‘I’ of 𝑳𝟑 . Find the separations between 𝑳𝟏 , 𝑳𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳𝟑 . 3 marks
Ans.
1 1 1
− =
𝑣1 𝑢 𝑓1
1 1 1
= +
𝑣1 𝑓1 𝑢1
1 1 1−2−7
+ =
20 −40 −40
1
40
𝑣1 = 40𝑐𝑚.
Here, image by 𝐿3 is formed at focus. So the object should lie at infinity for 𝐿3 .
Hence. 𝐿2 will produce image at infinity. So we can conclude that object for 𝐿2
should be at its focus.
But, we have seen above that image by 𝐿1 is formed at 40 right of 𝐿1 which is at 20 cm
left of 𝐿2 focus of 𝐿2 .
So 𝑋1 = distance between 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 = (40 + 20) cm = 60 cm
Again distance between 𝐿2 and 𝐿3 does not matter as the image by 𝐿2 is formed at
infinity so 𝑋2 can take any value.
Q.25 (a) Obtain the expression for the energy stored per unit volume in a charged
parallel plate capacitor.
(b) The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor is E. Find the amount of
work done in moving a charge q over a closed rectangular loop
a b c d a. 3 marks

Ans. (a) Parallel plate capacitor: Consider a parallel plate capacitor having two plane metallic
plates A and B, placed parallel to each other. The plates carry equal and opposite
charges +Q and -Q respectively Suppose A be the area of each plate, ‘d’ the
separation between the plates, K the dielectric constant of medium between the
plates. If s is the magnitude of charges density of plates, then
𝑄
𝜎=
𝐴 𝜎
Electric field, 𝐸 = 𝐾𝜖 … . (𝑖)
0
𝜖0 → permittivity of free space.

The potential difference between the plates,
𝜎𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝜖𝑑 = … . . (𝑖𝑖)
𝐾𝜖0
Putting the value of 𝜎, we get

(𝑄/𝐴)𝑑 𝑄𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = =
𝐾𝜖0 𝐾𝜖0 𝐴
Capacitance of capacitor,
𝑄 𝑄
𝐶= =
𝑉𝐴𝐵 (𝑄𝑑/𝐾𝜖0 𝐴)
𝐾𝜖0 𝐴
𝐶= .
𝑑
This is a general expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor. Obviously, the
capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of medium between the
plates.
1
We know 𝑈= 𝐶𝑉 2
2
1 𝜖0 𝐴
𝑈= ( ) (𝐸. 𝑑)2
2 𝑑
1
Hence, 𝑈 = 2 𝜖0 𝐸 2 (𝐴. 𝑑)
(b) Work done, W = F.d

Here, F is the force exerted on the change (q) due to electric field (E) and is given
by:
F = qE
Net displacement, d=0
W=0

Q.26. A hollow cylindrical box of length 1m and area of cross-section 25𝑐𝑚2 is placed in
a three-dimensional coordinate system as shown in the figure. The electric field in
⃗⃗ = 𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝒊̂, where E is in 𝑵𝑪−𝟏 and 𝒙 is in metres.
the region is given by 𝑬
Find: 3 marks
(i) Net flux through the cylinder.
(ii) (ii) Charge enclosed by the cylinder.
Ans. Given, 𝐸⃗ = 50𝑥𝑖̂ and ∆𝑠 = 25𝑐𝑚2 = 25 × 10−4 𝑚2

As the electric field is only along the x-axis, so flux will pass only through the cross-
section of cylinder.
Magnitude of electric field at cross section A,
𝐸𝐴 = 50 × 1 = 50 𝑁𝐶 −1
Magnitude of electric field at cross section B,
𝐸𝐵 = 50 × 2 = 100 𝑁𝐶 −1
The corresponding electric fluxes are:
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 50×25×10−4 × cos 180𝑜 = −0.125𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶

𝜙𝐴 = 𝐸⃗ . ∆𝑠
𝜙𝐵 = 𝐸⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝑠 = 100×25×10−4 × cos 0𝑜 = 0.25𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶
So, the net flux through the cylinder,
𝜙 = 𝜙𝐴 + 𝜙𝐵
= -0.125 + 0.25 = 0.125 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶
(ii) Using Gauss’s Low:
𝑞
∮ 𝐸⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑠 = ⇒ 0.125
𝜀𝑜
𝑞
=
8.85 × 10−12
𝑞 = 8.85 × 0.125 × 10−12 = 1.1×10−12 𝐶.

Q.27. A metallic rod of length ‘l’ is rotated with a frequency v with one end hinged at
the centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of
radius r, about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane
of the ring. A constant uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present
everywhere. Using Lorentz force, explain how emf is induced between the centre
and the metallic ring and hence obtain the expression for it. 3 marks
Ans.
𝜃 1
In time t, if 𝜃 is angle trace by face end then area swept 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑙 2 × (𝑟𝜋) = 2 𝑙 2 𝜃
1
𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0𝑜 = 𝐵𝑙 2 𝜃
2
𝑑𝜙 1 2 𝑑𝜙 1
= 𝐵𝑙 ( ) = 𝐵𝑙 2 𝒲
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2
the positive charge of the rod will be pushed towards O be replaced by a battery of
1
𝑒𝑚𝑓 source 2 𝐵 𝜔𝐼 2 with the positive terminal towards O. The equivalent circuit
diagram is shown in figure. The circular loop joins A to C by resistance less path. The
current in the resistance R is
∈ 𝐵𝜔𝐼 2
𝑖= =
𝑅 2𝑅
SECTION - D
Q.28. With the help of a suitable ray diagram, derive the mirror formula for a concave
mirror. 5 marks
Ans. Mirror Formula for Concave Mirror:

Let, AB be the length of an object placed beyond C in front of a concave mirror. The
image A’B’ is real, inverted and between C and F.
Applying sign conventions, we have

Object distance PB = −𝑢
image distance PB’ = −𝑣
focal length PF = −𝑓

and radius of curvature PC = −2𝑓
In similar ∆s ABC and A′B′F

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
= … (𝑖)
𝐴′𝐵′ 𝐵′𝐶
and similar ∆s RSF and A′B′F
𝑅𝑆 𝑆𝐹
′ ′
= ′
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐹
∵ 𝑅𝑆 = 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝐹
′ ′
= ′ … (𝑖𝑖)
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐹
From eq. (i) and (ii), we have

𝐵𝐶 𝑆𝐹
=
𝐵′𝐶 𝐵′𝐹
Since, the aperture of the concave mirror is small so the point S and P coincides.
𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝐹
∴ =
𝐵′𝐶 𝐵′𝐹
𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝐶 𝑃𝐹
=
𝑃𝐶 − 𝑃𝐵 ′ 𝑃𝐵 ′ − 𝑃𝐹
−𝑢 + 2𝑓 −𝑓
=
−2𝑓 + 𝑣 −𝑣 + 𝑓
𝑢𝑣 − 𝑢𝑓 − 2𝑣𝑓 + 2𝑓 2 = 2𝑓 2 − 𝑓𝑣
⇒ 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢𝑓 + 𝑣𝑓
Dividing both side by 𝑢𝑣𝑓, we get
𝑢𝑣 𝑢𝑓 𝑣𝑓
= +
𝑢𝑣𝑓 𝑢𝑣𝑓 𝑢𝑣𝑓
1 1 1
∴ = +
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢
Q.29. Draw a schematic of a cyclotron. explain briefly how it works and how it is used
to accelerate the charged particles.
(i) Show that time period of ions in a cyclotron is independent of both the speed and
radius of circular path.
(ii). what is resonance condition? how it used to accelerate the charged particles?
5 marks
Ans. Cyclotron: It is a device by which positively charged particles like protons, deuterons,
etc.
can be accelerated.
Principle: A Positively charged particle can be accelerated by making it to cross the

same electric field repeatedly with the help of a magnetic field.
Construction: It consists of two semi-cylindrical boxes 𝐷1 and 𝐷2 called deeds

enclosed in an evacuated chamber. The chamber is kept between the poles of a
powerful magnet so that uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the plane of the
deeds. An alternating voltage is applied in the gap between the two deeds by using a
high frequency oscillator. The electric field is zero inside the deeds.
Working and theory: At a certain instant, let 𝐷1 be positive and 𝐷2 be negative. A
proton from an ion source will be accelerated towards 𝐷2 , it describes a semi-circular
path with be accelerated and is acted upon only by the magnetic field. The radius of
the circular path is given by
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑞𝑣𝐵 =
𝑟
𝑚𝑣
or, r =
𝑞𝐵
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 𝑚𝑣 2𝜋𝑚
Period of revolution, T= = . =
𝑣 𝑣 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
1 𝑞𝐵
Frequency of revolution, 𝑓= =
𝑇 2𝜋𝑚
Clearly, frequency 𝑓 is independent of both v and r and is called cyclotron frequency.
If the frequency of applied a.c. is equal of 𝑓, then every time the proton reaches the
gap between the deeds, the direction of electric field is reversed and proton receives a
push and finally it gains
very high kinetic energy. The proton follows a spiral path. The accelerated protons are
deflected towards the target.

Q.30. (i) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle
and working of a step up transformer. 5 marks
(ii) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
(iii) Aster up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage.
Does it siolate law of conservation of energy? Explain.
Ans. (Step up transformer: principle: It is a device which converts low voltage. A.C. into
high voltage A. C. It is based upon the principle of mutual induction. When alternating
current passed through a coil, an induced e. m. f. is set up in the neighboring coil.
Construction: A transformer consists of two coils of many turns of insulated copper wire
wound on a closed laminated iron core. One of the coils known as primary (p) is connected to
A.C. supply. The other coil known as secondary (s) is connected to the load.
Working: When an alternating current is passed through the primary, the magnetic flux
through the iron core changes which does two things. It produces e. m. f in the primary and
an induced e. m. f is also set up in the secondary, if we assume that the resistance of primary
is negligible, the back e. m. f will be equal to the voltage applied to the primary.
𝑑∅
∴ 𝑉𝑝 = −𝑁𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑∅
and 𝑉𝑠 = −𝑁𝑠
𝑑𝑡
Where 𝑁𝑝 and 𝑁𝑠 are number of terms in the primary and secondary respectively. V𝑝 and V𝑠
are their respective voltages.
𝑉𝑠 N𝑠
=
𝑉𝑝 N𝑝
N𝑠
This ratio called the turms ratio.
N𝑝
In a step − up transformer: N𝑠 > N𝑝
So 𝑉s > V𝑝
In a step − down transformer: N𝑠 > N𝑝
So, N𝑠 > N𝑝

Large scale transmission: The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy
over long distances is done with the use of transformers. The voltage output of the generator
is stepped-up—so that reduced and power loss I2 R is cut down. It is then transmitted over
long distances to an area sub-station near the consumers. There the voltage is stepped down.
It is further stepped down. It is further stepped down at distributing sub-stations and utility
poles before a power supply of 240 V reaches our homes.
(ii) Sources of energy loss in transformer (any two) flux leakage / Joule's loss in the
resistance of windings / loss due to eddy currents / hysteresis loss / humming loss
(iii) No, A step up transformer steps up the voltage while it steps down the current.
So the input and output power remain same (provided there is no loss). Hence, there is
no violation of the principle of energy conservation.

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CBSE 12th Physics 2007 Solved Paper

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CBSE 12th Physics 2007 Solved Paper

THE MARKS ARE MENTIONED ON EACH QUESTION

Ans. The nature of the lens is converging.

Q.2. Define Capacitive reactance, Write its S.I. Units. 1 mark

Ans. Capacitive reactance is the resistance offered by a capacitor when it is connected to an

Q. 4. The carrier wave is given by

Q.5. A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery

Q.7. State de-Broglie hypothesis. 1 marks

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Force on moving charged particle in magnetic field,

Ans. Distance between Point A and C

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(ii) In the direction of electric field, the potential decreases

Q.12. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field.

Q.13. A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is being charged by connecting it across a dc

Q.14. Draw typical output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration.

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Q.16. Write the functions of the following in communication systems: 2 mark

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Ans. Given 𝑓0 = 150 𝑐𝑚

Negative sign shows that the image is inverted

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∴ height of image formed by objective

Q.19. Two heating elements of resistances 𝑹𝟏 and 𝑹𝟐 when operated at a constant

Ans. Two resistance are 𝑅1 and 𝑅2

Both consume the power 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 respectively.

(ii) power in parallel = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2

(i) When lens is dipped in medium A

using the equation (i), we have

(ii) When lens is dipped in medium B:

Using the equation (i), we have

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Answer the following questions based on the above information:

Ans. (a) Wave nature of radiation cannot explain the following:

(b) Photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric

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Q.23. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function separation.

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𝜖0 → permittivity of free space.

Putting the value of 𝜎, we get

(b) Work done, W = F.d

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Ans. Given, 𝐸⃗ = 50𝑥𝑖̂ and ∆𝑠 = 25𝑐𝑚2 = 25 × 10−4 𝑚2

⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 50×25×10−4 × cos 180𝑜 = −0.125𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶

So, the net flux through the cylinder,

(ii) Using Gauss’s Low:

𝑞 = 8.85 × 0.125 × 10−12 = 1.1×10−12 𝐶.

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Ans. Mirror Formula for Concave Mirror:

Applying sign conventions, we have

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and radius of curvature PC = −2𝑓

In similar ∆s ABC and A′B′F

From eq. (i) and (ii), we have

Principle: A Positively charged particle can be accelerated by making it to cross the

Construction: It consists of two semi-cylindrical boxes 𝐷1 and 𝐷2 called deeds

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