Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 02-719 (NES 719)

Issue 1 Publication Date 1 April 2000

Sea Water Systems for HM Sur c hip

Incorporating NES 719 Categq

Issue 2 Publication Date October 1981
Ministry of Defence
Controllerate of the Navy

I lNaval Engineering Standard

N ES 719 Issue 2 October 1981

SEA WATER SYSTEMS FOR

H M SURFACE SHIPS
 THIS NES SUPERSEDES

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

AMDT INSERTED BY DATE

1 INCORPORATED
2 INCORPORATED

7
8

10
 NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 719
ISSUE 2

SEA WATER SYSTEMS

FOR HM SURFACE SHIPS

The issue and use of this Standard is

authorised by:

for Director General Ships

Published by:
MOD(PE) Ship Department Section D191
Foxhill, Bath

Ci)
NES 719
Issue 2

CONDITIONS OF ISSUE

General

1. This Standard has been designed for the use of the Ministry of Defence
and its contractors in the execution of Contracts for the Ministry.
The Ministry accepts no liability whatever whether in contract or in
of the
tort (including but without limitation negligence on the part
Ministry,, its servants or agents) for any deficiencies in design
information where the Standard is used for other purposes.

2. The information contained herein may be Crown Copyright or subject to

privately owned rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or
published without written permission of the Ministry of Defence.
3. The Ministry of Defence accepts no liability whether in contract or in
tort in respect of infringements of Third Party Rights.

4. This NES is not to be released to the public.

5. The Ministry of Defence reserves the right to amend or modify the

contents of this Standard without reference to or informing any holder.

In the Tender or Contract Process

6. This Standard is the property of the Ministry of Defence and unless

otherwise authorised in writing by the Ministry, must be returned on
completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection
with which it is issued.

7. When this Standard is used in connection with a tender or contract, the

user is to ensure that he is in possession of the correct version of
each document relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries
in this connection are to be made to the local Ministry of Defence
Quality Assurance Representative.

8. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this Standard to any document,

means the issue and all changes current at the date of issue of this
Standard.

Relating to Health and Safety

9. This Standard may call for the use of processes, substances and pro-
cedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not
taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves
either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to
health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use.

10. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those quoted may not necessarily
be exhaustive.

(ii)
 NES 719
Issue 2

CONTENTS

Page Clause Fiche No

AUTHORIZATION (i)

CONDITIONS OF ISSUE (ii)

CONTENTS (iii)

INTRODUCTION (xi)

SECTION I SCOPE I

SECTION 2 RELATED DOCUMENTS 2

SECTION 3 DRAWINGS 6

Requirements 0301 to 0306

SECTION 4 DEFINITIONS AND TECHNICAL TERMS 7

Definitions 0401 to 0408

Technical Terms 0409

SECTION 5 ENVIRONMENT 11

Ambient Sea, Air and Machinery Space 0502 to 0506

Conditions
Environmental Conditions 0501
List and Roll, Trim and Pitching 0507 and 0508
Submersion 0510 to 0512
Vibrational Environment 0509

SECTION 6 OVERALL REQUIREMENTS - ASSESSMENT 13

General 0601 to 0604

HPSW System- Assessment 0611 to 0623
Capacity 0615 to 0623
General 0611
System Pressure 0612 to 0614
Location of Equipment 0605 to 0610
LPSW System - Assessment 0624 to 0627

SECTION 7 HIGH PRESSURE SEA WATER SYSTEM 20

(HPSW)

Fire Fighting (Including Spraying but not 0732 to 0737

Spraying of Magazine)
General 0701 to 0731
Magazine Spraying 0738 to 0741
Prewetting 0742 to 0748
Salvage, Ballasting and De-ballasting 0749 to 0756

(iii)
NES 719
Issue 2

Page Clause Fiche No

SECTION 8 LOW PRESSURE SEA WATER SYSTEMS 32

(LPSW)
0830 to 0834
Comon Auxiliary Circulating
0801 to 0812
General Requirements and Design
0821 to 0823
Main Circulating
0824 to 0829
Self-Contained Auxiliary Circulating
Supplies from HPSW System 0838 and 0839
0840
Supplies from other Sea Water Systems 0813 to 0820
Syphonic and Non-Syphonic Systems
Valve Policy 0841 to 0843
Water Supplies to Shaft Bearings, Stern 0835 to 0837
Seals and Stern Tube Bearings

SECTION 9 PUMPS 47

Air Venting 0950 and 0951 -.

Control 0945 to 0947

Cooling and Leak-offs 0948 and 0949
0901
General
Mounting - Seats and Flexible Devices 0925 to 0944
Nett Positive Suction Head 0917 to 0922
0912 to 0916
Performance
Selection 0902 to 0906
Selection - SYMES Range 0907 to 0911
0923 and 0924
Siting

SECTION 10 VALVES 57

1004 to 1009
Location
1014 and 1015
Locking Arrangements
1016 to 1026
Relief Valves and Reducing Valves
1010 to 1013
Remote/Local Control
1001 to 1003
Types and Selection

SECTION 11 PIPEWORK 64

Air Venting and Draining 1178 to 1182

Arrangement 1134 to 1149
Cavitation and Erosion 1188 to 1191
1192
Corrosion
Design Desgn1101 to 1121
Fittings 1152 to 1177
1150 and 1151
Identification/Colour Marking
Manufacture 1193 to 1197
1183 to 1187
Materials
Water Speeds 1122 to 1133

SECTION 12 FLOW CONTROL 85

Constant Flow Control Valves 1221 to 1225

Controlled Flow Systems 1238 to 1240
Controlled Pressure Systems, Automatic 1233 to 1235
Control
Controlled Pressure Systems, General 1226 and 1227
Controlled Pressure Systems, Manual Control 1228 to 1232
of Number of Pumps in Use
(iv)
 NES 719
Issue 2

Page Clause Fiche No

Diaphragm Glandless Valves 1216 to 1220

Flow Control Devices General 1205 to 1209
Matched Flow Systems 1236 and 1237
Orifices -1210 to 1215
Requirements of Flow Control 1201 to 1204

SECTION 13 INLETS AND DISCHARGES 92

Access to Sea Tubes and Boxes 1331

Air Venting 1332 and 1333
Construction 1311 to 1318
Gratings 1322 to 1330
Holes in Inner and Outer Bottom Plating 1301 to 1307
Hull Valve Interfaces 1319 to 1321
Preservation 1334 and 1335
Sea Tubes and Boxes 1308 to 1310

SECTION 14 SEA WATER BALLAST TANKS 99

Air Escapes 1404 to 1408

Calibration 1413 and 1414
General 1401 and 1402
Manholes 1403
Preservation 1415
Sounding Tubes 1409 to 1412

SECTION 15 INSTRUMENTATION - LOCAL AND 102

REMOTE

Alarms 1525
Fittings 1501 to 1512
Pressure Gauges 1513 to 1516
Sensors 1517 to 1519
Sight Flow Indicators 1526
Thermometers 1520 to 1524

SECTION 16 SHORE SUPPLIES 105

Flooding Bonnets 1601

Shore Connections 1602 to 1608

SECTION 17 PRESERVATION 107

Procedures 1701 to 1703

SECTION 18 INSULATION 108

HPSW and Prewetting Piping 1801 and 1802

SECTION 19 FLUSHING, TESTING AND TUNING 109

Details of Tests 1913 to 1917

Flushing 1901 and 1902
Pressure Testing 1904 to 1912
Records 1934

(v)
NES 719
Issue 2

Page Clause Fiche No )

Tests and Trials 1918 to 1921
Tuning 1922 to 1933
Working Pressure 1903

SECTION 20 MATCHING - PUMP OUTPUTS 116

General 2001
LPSW Systems with Fixed Opening Flow Control 2051 to 2059
Devices in Equipment Branches and Supplied
from the HPSW Main
LPSW Systems with Variable Opening Flow 2060 to 2063
Control Devices in Equipment Branches
and Supplied from the HPSW Main
Multi-pump Systems 2026 to 2044
Single Pump Systems 2002 to 2025
The Influence of Pump Characteristics on the 2045 to 2050
Selection of Pump Types )
INDEX TO FIGURES (vii)
INDEX TO TABLES (x)

ANNEX A SPRAY SYSTEM CALCULATIONS 146

ANNEX B AN EXAMPLE OF ADJUSTING BRANCH 152

LOSSES BY CHANGING PIPE BORES

ANNEX C PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING 155

PRESSURE:FLOW RATE
CHARACTERISTICS IN MULTI-
PUMP, MULTI EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS

ANNEX D DESIGN OF ORIFICE PLATES 163

ANNEX E PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATION 173

CHECK LIST

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 191 C

(vi)
 NES 719
Issue 2

INDEX TO FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 CAPACITY OF HIGH PRESSURE SEA WATER SYSTEM 17.

2 SEA WATER VISCOSITY 18

3 SEA WATER DENSITY 19

4 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF A HIGH PRESSURE SEA WATER SYSTEM 27

5 LIST OF STANDARD SYMBOLS 29

6 15 TONNE/HOUR EDUCTOR 31

7 75 TONNE/HOUR EDUCTOR 31

8 HYDRAULIC GRADIENT 39

9 SYPHONIC SYSTEM: PRIMING AND RUNNING HEAD - FLOW 40

CHARACTERISTICS

10 USE OF AN INVERTED SYPHON 41

11 MAIN CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM FOR GT PROPELLED SHIPS 42

12 MAIN CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM FOR DIESEL ENGINE 43

PROPELLED SHIPS

13 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF AN EMERGENCY SEA WATER SUPPLY 44

TO DIESEL GENERATING SET

14 AUXILIARY CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM; PUMP SUPPLY 45

15 AUXILIARY CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM; HPSW SYSTEM SUPPLY 46

16 NETT POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE CHARACTERISTICS 55

17 EFFECT OF NPSH ON PUMP PERFORMANCE 56

18 P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR HPSW/ORIFICE SUPPLY WITH FULL 61

BORE RELIEF VALVE

19 P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR PUMP SUPPLY WITH FULL BORE 62

RELIEF VALVE

20 P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR HPSW/ORIFICE SUPPLY WITH A 63

PARTIAL FLOW RELIEF VALVE

21 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SIMPLE SYSTEM 77

22 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR SYSTEM WITH A 'HEAD 78

ABOVE WATERLINE'.

(vii)
FES 719
Issue 2

FIGURE TITLE PAGE 7)

23 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A MULTI BRANCH 79
SYSTEM:NO HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE

'24 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A MULTI BRANCH 80

SYSTEM WITH HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE

25 GRATING FOR UNDERWATER OPENINGS 95

26 SEA INLET AIR VENTING ARRANGEMENT 98

27 SOUNDING TUBE FOR STORAGE TANKS ONLY 101

28 FLOODING BONNETS 106

29 SHORE CONNECTIONS 106

30 SINGLE PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 128")

31 PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS USING AN 129

OVER SIZED PUMP

32 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SYSTEM FITTED 130

WITH FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICE; SINGLE
PUMP OPERATION

33 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS EFFECT OF SHUTTING 131

OFF EQUIPMENT

34 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SYSTEM 132

FITTED WITH CONSTANT FLOW VALVES; SINGLE PUMP
OPERATION

35 SYPHONIC SYSTEM PRIMING AND RUNNING HEAD: FLOW 133

RATE CHARACTERISTICS

36 EFFECT OF HEEL ON A SYSTEM INVOLVING A DISCHARGE 134 )

ABOVE WATERLINE

37 NON-SYPHONIC SYSTEM WITH A LARGE HEAD ABOVE 135

WATERLINE

38 HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHAFT DRIVEN 136

PUMP AT VARIOUS SPEEDS

39 OPERATION OF TWO CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN PARALLEL 137

40 MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM; STATIC PRESSURE 138

IN THE MAIN; FLOW RATE; FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL
DEVICES

41 MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM; STATIC PRESSURE 139

IN THE MAIN; FLOW RATE; AUTOMATICALLY VARIABLE
OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICES

42 OPERATION OF PUMPS IN SERIES 140 I

(viii)
 NES 719
Issue 2

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

43 MATCHING PUMP CHARACTERISTICS; PARALLEL OPERATION 141

44 TYPICAL AXIAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS 142

45 PUMP CHARACTERISTIC SELECTION TO SUIT DUAL DUTIES 143

46 LPSW MAIN PRESSURE (GAUGE); PERCENTAGE DESIGN FLOW 144

SHUT OFF; FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICES

47 LPSW MAIN PRESSURE (GAUGE); PERCENTAGE DESIGN FLOW 145

SHUT OFF; VARIABLE OPENING CONSTANT FLOW CONTROL
DEVICES

48 SPRAY SYSTEM 151

49 DELETED

50 TYPICAL LOW PRESSURE SEA WATER SYSTEM 154

51 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF A MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT 158

LPSW SYSTEM

52 MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM: FIXED OPENING 159

DEVICES; HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS, STARTING
AND STOPPING OF- PUMP

53 MULTI-PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS WHEN USING 160

OVERSIZED PUMPS

54 RESTRICTING PUMP OUTPUT TO SUIT NPSH REQUIREMENTS 161

55 MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM; STATIC PRESSURE 162

(GAUGE) MAIN; FLOW RATE; FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL
DEVICES

56 VENA CONTRACTA AT ORIFICE PLATE 164

57 CRITICAL CAVITATION DATA FOR PRESSURE REDUCING 165

DEVICES

58 ORIFICE PLATES IN CASCADE 166

59 ORIFICE DIAMETER RATIO d 171

(ix)
NES 719
Issue 2

INDEX TO TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 SEA AND AIR TEMPERATURES 11

2 MAXIMUM WATER SPEEDS 66

TABLE OF PREFERRED MATERIALS 74

3

MAXIMUM FLOW RATE AT MINIMUM DISCHARGE PRESSURES 83

4

5 TEST PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS III

6 TYPICAL SPRAY SYSTEM CALCULATIONS 148,..

7 SYSTEM DETAILS 15'2

8 COMPONENT AND TOTAL SYSTEM HEAD LOSSES 152

(x)
 NES 719
Issue 2

INTRODUCTION

1. This Standard is sponsored by the Procurement Executive, Ministry of

Defence, Ship Department, Section D164b Foxhill, Bath BAI SAB.

2. This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is to be applied as required by

any Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence contract for the design,
manufacture, installation, test and setting to work of the Sea Water System
in surface ships.

3. If this Standard is found to be technically unsuitable for any

*particular requirement the sponsor is to be informed of the circumstances
with a copy to Ship Department Section DI91a.

4. Any user of this Standard either within MOD or in outside industry may
propose a change to an NES. Proposals for changes which are:
to
a. not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made
the sponsor of the NES

b. directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with

using existing departmental procedures or as specified in the con-
tract.
issue of
5. No alteration is to be made to this publication except by the
a formal change.

6. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this Standard to approval,

Executive,
approved, authorised and similar terms means by the Procurement
Ministry of Defence, Director General Ships.

Cxi) /Cxii)
 NES 719
Issue 2

1. SCOPE

0101. This Standard states the requirements for the design, manufacture,
installation, test and setting to work of the sea water system in
surface ships.

0102. The sea water system described comprises:

a. The High Pressure Sea Water system (HPSW)

b. The Low Pressure Sea Water system (LPSW)

0103. The HPSW system includes requirements for:

a. Fire fighting

b.h Magazine spraying

c. Prewetting

d. Domestic

e. Salvage, ballasting and deballasting

f. Cooling of essential machinery/equipment

The above systems are described to the branch isolation valve only.

0104. The LPSW system includes requirements for the supply of cooling sea
water to main and auxiliary machinery and other components such as
shaft seals etc.
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 2
2. R E L A T E D O C U M E N T S
D----------------- Referred to in
0201. Reference is made to: Clause
DEF STAN 66-2 Gauges, Pressure, Dial Indicating 1514
(Bourdon Tube Type)
BS 336 Fire Hose Coupling and Ancillary 1002
Equipment
BS 381C Colours for Specific Purposes 1151

BS 729 Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Iron and 1329

Steel Articles
BS 1042 Part I Orifice Plates, Nozzles and Venturi Tubes 1210, 1934

BS 1387 Steel Tubes and Tubulars Suitable for 1154

Screwing to BS 21 Pipe Threads
BS 1501 Steels for Fired and Unfired Pressure TABLE 3
Vessels

BS 1503 Steels for Fired and Unfired Pressure TABLE 3

Vessels Forgings
BS 1553 Part I Graphical Symbols for General Engineering 0305

BS 1706 Electroplated Coatings of Cadmium and TABLE 3

Zinc on Iron and Steel

BS 1780 Part 2 Bourdon Type Pressure and Vacuum Gauges 1515

BS 2569 Part I Sprayed Metal Coatings 0939

BS 3602 Part 1 Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pressure TABLE 3, 1404
Purposes: Carbon and Carbon Manganese
Steel with Specified Elevated Temperature
BS 3692 ISO Metric Precision Hexagon Bolts, TABLE 3
Screws and Nuts
BS 3382 Electroplated Coatings on Threaded TABLE 3
Components
NES 321 Filters, Strainers, Absorbers and I177
Coalescers
NES 117 Anchor, Mooring and Towing Systems 0747e

NES 118 Material requirement for the NBC Defence 0744

of Surface Ships including RFAs
NES 320 Fuel System for Gas Turbine and Diesel 0753, 0755,
Propelled Ships Fig 27
NES 322 Oil Pollution Prevention Shipboard 0753
Arrangements
NES 704 Cathodic Protection 1167, 1703
NES 706 Welding and Fabrication of Ship Structure 0928, 1195

JNES 708 Requirements for Brazing Piping Systems 1158, 1196

(DG Ships/PS/9019) in HM Ships and Submarines

2
 NES 719
Issue 2

Referred to in
Clause
NES 710 Fluid Systems. Low Pressure General 0603, 1210,
Requirements 1211

NES 712 Sewage-and Waste Water Systems 0747, 1306

NES 717 Bilge System and Drain Tanks 0747, 0753

NES 720 Waste Disposal 0747

*NES 722 Production of Drawings and Microfilm 0301, 0302

(DG Ships 345) Standards

*NES 723 Tallies, Identification 1503

(DG Ships 379)

NES 725 Environmental Conditions 0501, 0502, 0509

NES 728 Fresh Water Systems 1410

*NES 729 Non-destructive Examinations Procedures 1158, 1195

(DG Ships/PS/
9022)

*NES 730 Fasteners TABLE 3

(DC Ships 326)

NES 743 Pipe Manipulation 1201, 1197

*NES 745 Classification, Inspection Requirements, 1194, 1195

(DG Ships/PS/ and Acceptance Standards for Steel &
9010) Copper-Base Alloy Castings
VES 748 Strainers, preferred range, manufactured 1177
by Plenty Ltd
lNES 756 Coal Tar Epoxy, Preservation and Painting 1415

NES 760 Outer Bottom, Steel Hull Ships, 1334

Preservation and Painting
NES 765 Machinery Compartments, Preservation and 1142
Painting

NES 767 Preservation and Painting - General 1701

NES 769 Welding Consumables for Structural Steels 1195

Approval System

*NES 771 Repair Welding of Copper-Based Alloy 1195

(DG Ships/PS/ Castings - Aluminium Bronze
9011)
*NES 772 Welding for Machinery 1158, 1195
(DG Ships/PSI
9023)

3
NES 719
.Issue 2

Referred to in
Clause
)
Welding, Minimum Standards 1158, 1195
*NES 773
(DG Ships/G/10000)
Protection of Sea Water Systems using 1702
NES 781
Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate

Naval Magazine and Explosive Regulations 0717, 0726, 0740,

BR 862
(HH Ships and Fleet Establishments) 1920

Corrosion of SW Cooling Systems in 1187, 1192

BR 1254
HM Ships

Ship NBCD Manual 0733, 0734, 1919

BR 2170
1112
BR 3001 Marine Engineering Technical Instructions
0704, 1101, 1102,
BR 3013(2) Admiralty Pipework Standards (Metric) 1152, 1153, 1164
1168, 1175,
TABLE 3, 1404

1522
DG Ships 64 Thermometers, Liquid in Glass Expansion
Type

Non-FerrOus (Copper Base) Bolts, Screws, 1330

DG Ships 160
Studs, Stud-bolts, Nuts, Wing Nuts and
Washers

Gunmetal Ingots and Castings TABLE 3

DC Ships 203

Tubes, Copper Nickel Alloy TABLE 3

DG Ships 271

Ship Department Noise Reduction Handbook 0929, 1174, 1303

DG Ships 591

Nickel Aluminium Bronze Forgings, Forging TABLE 3, 1330

DG Ships 1043
Stock, Rods and Sections

Aluminium - Silicon-Bronze Forgings, 1330

DO Ships 1044
Forging Stock, Rods and Sections

Synthetic Rubber Bellows Expansion 1108, 1176,

DG Ships 6969
Pieces (27" Hg to 150 psig) TABLE 3

Standard Synthetic Rubber Flexible 1108, 1176,

DG Ships 6970 TABLE 3
Elbows and Hose Assemblies for use in
Low Pressure Systems (25' Hg to 150 psig)

Putty, Epoxide Non-Metallic Filled 1314

DG Ships 8900

DG Ships/PS/ Welding Procedures for Piping Systems 1158, 1195

9020 and Sea Welds in EM Ships & Submarines

4
 NES 719
Issue 2

Referred to in
Clause
DG Ships TP 214 Symbols and Abbreviations 0305

SDP 13 SYMES Index 0622

SDP 25 Guidance and Procedures for the 0811, 1121

Calculation of Pressure Losses in Fluid
Piping Systems

Form S.1188 Colours and Markings for Piping, 1150

Ventilation, Manholes and Gearing in
EM Ships and RFA's (not Submarines)

NOTE: * This NES is not yet available; pending publication, the

specification referred to in parenthesis is to be used in lieu.
Service Drawing
Number

000 875 955 Shore Connection. Deck Fitting 1604

001 003 804 Thermometer Pocket 1510

003 503 642 General Arrangement of Flush Deck 1409

Fitting Sounding Tubes

003 503 703 General Arrangement of Raised Sounding 1409

Tubes

003 503 965 Design of Gratings for Sea Tubes 1322 and 1329

0202. Information concerning the Issuing Authorities of the related documents

may be obtained from the local Ministry of Defence Quality Assurance
Representative, or Ship Department, Section Dl9lb, Foxhill, Bath BAI 5AB.

0203. All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to

quote the relevant Ministry of Defence Invitation to Tender or Contract
number and date.

5
 NES 719
Issue 2

3. DRAWINGS

0301. All drawings are to be produced in accordance with NES 722.

0302. The drawings are to be capable of being reproduced on microfilm using

data given in NES 722.

0303. The system diagrammatic drawings are to show:

a. Layout of the system with all associated equipments, valves,

fittings and pipe runs shown in their correct relative positions,
so that the various modes of operation and control of the system
can be checked.

b. The nominal pipe sizes.

c. A list of materials proposed.

d. The relationship to associated systems. C)

e. Instrumentation and controls.

f. Venting and drainage arrangements.

g. Working and test pressures.

h. Definition of terminal points and interfaces between Main

Machinery Contractor, Contractors and Sub-Contractors.

List of symbols used.

k. Tables of heat exchangers, pumps, flexible pipes and strainers

showing designation, duty and limiting parameters as appropriate.
of
0304. The diagrammatic is to be geographically correct in respect
compartment boundaries such as bulkheads, decks etc. It is also to
respect of major components
be as geographically correct as possible in
that the clarity and
connected to or in the system subject to ensuring
basic simplicity of the diagrammatic is not compromised.

to conform to
0305. Symbols used in the preparation of diagrammatics are
BS 1553 supplemented by DG Ships TP 214.

0306. The system diagrammatics are to include the following information:

a. The maximum and minimum water flows, water speeds and pressure
losses through each branch pipe.

b. Calculation sheets supporting the above giving pump assessment

calculations and pipe sizes.

6
 NES 719
Issue 2
4. DEFINITIONS AND TECHNICAL TERMS

Definitions

0401. Cooling Water System - A system which uses the sea as a heat sink for
cooling auxiliary machinery; supplied -either by low pressure sea water
pump(s) or from the HPSW System.

0402. Domestic Sea Water System - A system for supplying the water
requirements of the toilets, the cooling requirements of certain
auxiliaries OMS and miscellaneous domestic equipment; usually supplied
with sea water from the HPSW System.

0403. Fire Fighting System - A system for supplying water to the fire
hydrants, compartment water sprayers (excluding explosive stores) and
for compartment flooding; supplied from the HPSW System.

0404. High Pressure Sea Water System (HPSW) - A system for supplying the high
pressure sea water requirements of a ship with a maximum working
pressure of 7 bar.

0405. Low Pressure Sea Water System (LPSW) - A system for supplying the low
pressure sea water cooling requirements of a ship with a nominal working
pressure of 14 to 2 bar.

0406. Magazine Spraying System - A system for supplying water to sprayers in

compartments containing explosives stores; supplied with water from
the HPSW System.

0407. Pre-wetting System - A system for supplying water to pre-wetting nozzles

for drenching the ship under NBC conditions; usually supplied from the
HPSW System.

0408. Salvage and De-ballastina System - A system for pumping out water from
ship's bilges under flooding conditions and from ship's ballast tank;
normally pumped out using eductors supplied with motive water from the
HPSW System.

Technical Terms

NOTE: The terms Pressure and Head are interchangeable throughout this
Standard.

0409. The technical terms are as follows:

a. Cavitation - The forming and sudden collapsing of water

vapour filled cavities.

b. Head The pressure of a fluid or the component of

that pressure may be expressed as the equivalent
fluid head, defined as the height of a column
of fluid that would exert the fluid pressure at
its base.

7
NES 719
Issue 2

Fluid Head (H) = Fluid Pressure (P) in SI units

/0 gn

Where H = Head (m)

2
P = Pressure (N/m2 )( bar = 2O5N/m

= Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s

)
gn
ft = Density (kg/M )

c. Head above - The height of a point in a system above the

waterline waterline expressed as a vertical head of fluid.

d. Head losses - Losses in head as a result of fluid flow and

changes in fluid height ie friction losses,
dynamic losses and loss due to changes in head
above waterline.

e. Head zero - The height of the waterline above a pint in the

flow static system expressed asa vertical head of fluid.

f. Loll - State of ship which is unstable when in an

upright position and therefore floats at an
angle of heel to one side or the other. If
disturbed by some external force caused by
wind or waves, the ship will lurch to the same
angle of loll on the opposite side.

g. NPSH - Nett positive suction head.

h. NPSH - The head of fluid the pump requires above the

required vapour pressure to provide the energy necessary
(normally to force the fluid into the impeller vanes so
quoted by that there is no significant losses in pumping
pump maker) efficiency due to cavitation.
where H = H + V2 - H
2g yap
where H = absolute static head at suction, measured by
the pressure indicator fitted in the sidewall
tapping at the pump inlet.

V = velocity of fluid in pump impeller eye.

H = vapour pressure of fluid expressed as a head.

yap
gn = gravitation accerlation (9.81 rn/s2 )
 NES 719
Issue 2

j. NPSH required = Hsf + V2sf -Hva p

at pump suction 2g
flange
(normally used
in practice by
the system
designer)

where Hsf = absolute static head at the pump suction flange.

Ha p = vapour pressure of fluid expressed as a head.

gn = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s 2)

Vsf = velocity of fluid at the pump suction flange.

k. NPSH available - the absolute static head of fluid available at

the pump inlet minus the vapour pressure.

In practice the system designer will inform the pump maker of the
NPSH available at the pump suction flange; the pump suction
flange is taken as the pump inlet. -

m. Absolute - Atmospheric pressure plus gauge pressure.

pressure

n. Pressure- - Pressure equivalent to the fluid velocity.

dynamic

p. Pressure rise - Increase - eg static pressure rise is increase

in static pressure.

q. Pressure- - Pressure recorded on a pressure gauge at the

static point of connection being the force per unit
area exerted by the fluid in directions
perpendicular to the inside surface of the
pipe. This force being equivalent to the
pressure exerted in a static situation by a
column of water above the recording position.

r. Pressure- - Static pressure plus dynamic pressure.

total

s. Pressure- - The absolute pressure at which the liquid

vapour will boil.

t. Pump design - The total pressure rise and flow rate duty
point for which the pump is designed; the point
of maximum pump efficiency and the conditions
from which the pump specific speeds are
calculated.

u. Pump duty Particular specified conditions of flow and

point total pressure rise across a pump. (Not
necessarily the pump design point unless the
pump is specially designed for this duty
point).

9
NES 719
Issue 2

w. Pump shut Total pressure rise across the pump at

valve pressure zero flow (equal to static pressure rise).

y. Ship - single - Ship with landing facilities for one

spot helicopter.

z. Ship - multi - Ship with landing facilities for more than

spot one helicopter.
1
aa. Type Number - Ns (metric) = NQ /H1
or Specific Speed

Where N pump speed (rev/min) at

(m3 /h) ) design
pump output
H pump total )
rise (m) point
head

NOTE: for N (Imperial), divide N (Metric) by 1.273

bb. Relief valve - A valve design to pass the total flow.of the
full bore system in which it is fitted when under
conditions of pressure in excess of the
designed working pressure.

cc. Relief valve - A valve designed to pass a fraction of the

partial bore system total flow which will under most,
but not necessarily all, adverse conditions,
ensure that the designed working pressure
is not exceeded.

dd. Surplus valve - Fitted to the HPSW pump to ensure the HPSW
System is not overpressurised when the pump
is working at no delivery.

10
 NES 719
Issue 2

5. ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Conditions

0501. The environmental conditions are given in NES 725.

Ambient Sea, Air and Machinery Space Conditions

0502. The range of climatic conditions in which the machinery is to be

capable of the full specified performance is stated in NES 725.

0503. Sea and air temperatures corresponding with the designated-climatic

condition are shown in Table 1:

Sea
ep -
Atmospheric Air
Dry Bulb with Relative
Climatic Condition Temp Humidity up to 100%
., 0C oC
0

Arctic - 2 - 29
Sub Arctic (Winterisation) 1 - 10
Temperate Winter 4 - 4
Temperate Summer 13 15
Average Tropical 30 32
Extreme Tropical 35 40

TABLE 1 SEA AND AIR TEMPERATURES

0504. The following machinery is to be designed to be capable of continuous

operation in the climatic conditions as specified for the particular
design of ship:

a. Machinery associated with the operation of weapons.

b. Machinery associated with ships hotel services, including

desalination plant, electric generators and air conditioning
plant.

c. Propulsion machinery and associated auxiliaries.

0505. Unless otherwise specified,the sea water systems are to be designed to:

Tropic Summer at the temperature of 300 C

Sub Arctic at an average temperature of 1C

NOTE: These temperatures are for deep sea near surface.

0506. Atmospheric pressure is to be taken as equal to that of a 760 un

mercury column.

II
NES 719
Issue 2

List and Roll, Trim and Pitching

systems and all machinery

0507. Unless otherwise specified, the sea water
200 to either
are to be capable of efficient operation when listed
side. Diesel or gas turbine driven generating sets, upon which
all electrical equipment
reliance is placed for salvage duties, and
300 list to either
are to be capable of efficient operation up to are to
eductors
side. SW systems and HPSW pumps supplying salvage
be capable of efficient operation up to 300 list.
unless otherwise
0508. In addition, sea water systems and all machinery
requirements regarding operation
specified are to comply with the and pitching as in NES 725.
under the conditions of rolling, trim

Vibrational Environment
environment
is to operate in a vibrational
RM Ships
0509. All equipment in
It is not
which is defined by the tests detailed in NES 725.
vibration tested,
necessary for all mechanical equipments to be
However, items such as automatic
particularly the more rugged items.
are to be vibration
control units or special linkage equipments
the Ministry will
tested. Where this is considered necessary,
tests to be carried out. This
specify the vibrational environmental
characteristics of
in no way affects the calculation of vibration
equipment required by NES 334.

Submersion

electric generation
0510. It is desirable to maintain propulsive power and
flooded to any waterline which
with the machinery compartments
in a damaged condition. It is, however,
might arise with the ship
machinery units capable of operation
impracticable to make certain
location of any
when submerged beyond a limited extent, and the
in a machinery compartment limit
machinery unit of this category
can be provided for in that
the extent of flooding which
compartment.
for which
0511. The extent of flooding in each machinery compartment
consequent extent of submersion
provision is to be made, and the
for the maintenance of
which each machinery unit, essential
be capable of withstanding, will
propulsion and generation, is to
NES. However, it is to
be specified for each unit in the relevant
uniformity of design, the
be noted that, from considerations of
required
submersibility of SW system equipments may exceed that
for a particular
to satisfy the extent of flooding specified
compartment in which any such equipment is to be situated.
wholly or
0512. All machinery specified to be capable of operation when
doing so for a period of not
partially submerged is to be capable of
less than 8 hours.

12
 NES 719
Issue 2
6. OVERALL REQUIREMENTS - ASSESSMENT

General

0601. Each system is to be designed to deliver the specified quantities of

sea water with minimum practical head loss, noise-and-pumping power,
commensurate with economically sized piping. The installation is to be
planned in association with other services to provide an efficient
arrangement, maintain adequate head room and facilitate future refit
work.

0602. The systems are to be designed to operate with sea water, the
properties of which are given in Figures 2 and 3.

0603. The general requirements for fluid system design are given in NES 710.

0604. The details of the shock levels to which the system has to be designed
are given in CB 5012.

Location of Equipment

0605. SW pumps are to be located as close as possible to the sea inlet to

minimise suction friction losses. However, (to minimise the
transmission of noise to the sea through the sea inlet), the pump or
pipe design should ensure that the pump impeller cannot be "seen" from
the sea inlet. HPSW pumps are to be fitted with separate sea suctions
taken direct from the sea inlet boxes. Under no circumstances are the
inlets to HPSW pumps to form or be taken from a common sea suction
main.

0606. Where practicable, coolers supplied by sea water are to be located

below the light load waterline. When this is not feasible the coolers
are to be located above the deep waterline; see Clause 2021 for the
effect of this on system design and arrangement.

0607. Where flexible expansion pieces are fitted between a pump and adjoining
system pipework, the pump suction and discharge valves are to be
located at the ends of the expansion pieces remote from the pump.

0608. Each discharge pipe to internal tanks is to be terminated below the

liquid surface.

0609. Items of equipment, such as coolers, filters and strainers which

require to be inspected and cleaned regularly, are to be located in
accessible positions or the floor plates and pipework are to be
arranged to allow easy access.

0610. The siting of pumps is covered in Clauses 0923 and 0924. However,
where it is not necessary for sea water pumps to be capable of starting
under the ship specified angle of heel and trim, eg air conditioning
plant and distilling plant where a quick start-up is not essential, a
priming connection is to be specified to be provided from an adjacent
operational sea water system.

13
NES 719
Issue 2

HPSW System - Assessment .i)

in
0611. General. The HPSW System is to provide and maintain the pressure
with the available pumps as
the IWSW Main as defined in Clause 0702
defined in Clause 0623.
in the
0612. System Pressure. The HPSW System operates over a pressure range
With the
HPSW Main between specified minimum and maximum pressures.
maximum HPSW Main pressure of 7 bar the minimum and maximum pressures
(gauge) would be 5.5 bar and 7 bar respectively. The minimum pressure
in the main is dictated by:

a. NPSR requirements (see Clauses 0917 to 0922).

b. Motor power available (see Clauses 2038 to 2043).

c. The ability of the system to ensure the equipment/component

inlet
design flow is obtained by providing the design pressure at
to the equipment/component.
aim to usd the
0613. The maximum pressure in the main is dictated by the
system varying flow rate demands
minimum number of pumps to fulfil the
than one pump is in use
and save on pump power and pump wear when more
(see Clauses 2031 to 2033 ). However it must be noted that when the
the maximum pressure is
system demand requires one pump in use only,
that associated with the shut valve condition only if a pressure
limitation valve is not fitted. It should be noted that:
pipework
a. The NPSH available and the water speeds in the HPSW pump
flow rates obtaining
and HPSW Main are to be based on the maximum
with minimum pressure in the HPSW Main.

b. The water speeds in the IPSW System equipment/component branches

maximum
are to be based on the maximum flow rates obtaining with
pressure in the HPSW Main.
the pressure drop in
0614. To ensure the design flow to each of the users,
user is to be a
the user branches from the main to the inlet to each
(gauge) of
constant value. With a typical sprinkler design pressure would be
the main to the sprinkler inlet
3.5 bar the system loss from
5.5 bar - 3.5 bar ie 2 bar.
for the High Pressure
0615. Capacity. The total pumping capacity required
Sea Water System shall be fixed by deciding which is greater, either
fire fighting or that required
that required for fire protection and
shall be added the total flow
for prewetting. To the larger of these
for essential cooling of auxiliary equipment such as HP air compressors,
the demand on the HPSW
oil coolers etc. No allowance shall be made for for portable
System by the main salvage eductors but the requirements
from decks shall be
eductors for the removal of free surface water
requires
added to the total capacity required. Each eductor
shall be made for all
12 tonne/hour from the PSW Main and an allowance
eductors carried up to maximum of four.
water flow rates for
0616. Initial estimates for establishing the sea
on an empirical flow
magazine spraying and for prewetting are based
and 0743. it -
rate per square metre of surface area. See Clause 0740
the total supply
is to be noted that the calculations for establishing

14
 NES 719
Issue 2

requirements in Clause 0615 are to be carried out when the actual

number of sprinklers and hence actual flow rates have been established.

0617. The prewetting capacity is to be calculated on the basis of all

the ship's prewetting nozzles in use, see NES 118.

0618. For fire protection and firefighting the largest requirement arising
from one of the following incidents shall be the criterion to be
adopted:

a. Magazine and major fires and portable eductors.

b. Largest main machinery space and major fires and portable

eductors.

c. Flight deck and hangar and major fires and portable eductors.

0619. Requirements are to be based on the following:

a. Fire in the largest main machinery compartment based on the total

requirement for:

(1) Operating a high or low level sea water spray system, but
not bdth together, and taking the larger of these two
loadings.

(2) Using hoses for boundary cooling on the surrounding

structure, deck over, uptakes, adjoining bulkheads. This
requirement is to be based on four spray/jet nozzles
operating at 10 tonne/h on spray (total 40 tonne/h).

b. A major fire outside machinery spaces, the minimum requirement

for which is a waterwall and a jet plus boundary cooling. This
requirement to be based on at least 8 hoses with a total delivery
of 100 tonne/h. The number of major fires assumed to occur at
any one time is based on ship size:

Displacement Under 4000 tonne one major fire

4000 up to 10000 tonne two major fires
10000 up to 20000 tonne three major fires
Over 20000 tonne four major fires

c. Largest single magazine requirement, or missile transit area

requirement if appropriate,plus four sprays on boundary cooling
at 10 tonne/h each (total magazine plus 40 tonne/h).

d. Operation of the spray system of a hangar in the largest single

section contained by fire curtains.

e. Flight deck crash fires involving simultaneous utilisation of one

third of the total foam branch pipes fitted in multi-spot ships
or two foam branch pipes in ships fitted with single spot flight
decks; 35 tonne/h of sea water is required for each branch pipe.

15
NES 719
Issue 2

f. Essential cooling requirements are to be added, see Clause 0615 3

and possibly some domestic service requirements when total
isolation is not possible see Clause 0748.

0620. Removal of water poured into the ship by the firefighting operation is
not to be considered as a simultaneous operation with firefighting.
Pumping out is to follow as fires are extinguished and eductor capacity
is made available. The exception to this rule is that portable
eductors for removal of free surface water may be required during
firefighting to remove the threat of a loll condition. This requirement
is to be added to the firefighting requirement on the basis of using all
portable eductors carried, up to a maximum of four at any one time with
a sea water supply of 12 tonne/h to each eductor.

0621. A summary of the above requirements is shown in Figure 1.

0622. The total supply requirements for the HPSW System are to be provided by
electrical driven sea water pumps selected from SDP 13.
in
0623. Having determined the total capacity of the HPSW System and bearing
mind the minimum pressure in the main (see Clauses 0612 and Q613),
select a suitable size pump using the information given in Section 9
and assess the total number of pumps required. To the pump complement
so obtained, must be added one pump to account for a pump being under
overhaul and therefore not available at the time of the incident. Also
where the prime factor is 1B of Fig 1, ie "a fire in the largest
machinery space", the pump(s) assumed to be in that space must be added
to obtain the total number of pumps required for the HPSW system.
Portable pumps provided in accordance with NES 119 are not to be
included in determining the number of HPSW pumps required by the HPSW
system.

LPSW System - Assessment

0624. The total supply requirements for a LPSW System, whether a common system
ie pump(s) or water supply source supplying different auxiliaries or an
integral system ie pump or water supply source supplying the require-
ments of a single unit eg diesel generating set, are simple to establish
compared to the HPSW System.

0625. Basically the sea water requirements of all .the sea water cooled
equipments in a system are added together to establish the total supply
requirements; the equipment sea water requirements are to be based on
the system design operating pressure and the specified design sea
temperature. For nominal pressure see Clause 0801.

0626. It is preferred that sea water flow to each sea water cooled equipment
is maintained to each unit whether the unit is in use or not. However,
where the system is supplied from the HPSW System, consideration may be
given to a stand-by unit with a large sea water requirement, such as a
steam drains cooler, being shut-off when not in use in order to reduce
HPSW demand providing detailed instructions are proposed for:

a. Ensuring correct system operation.

b. Ensuring that the non-operating unit is flushed through for at

least five minutes daily to minimise fouling. AK

16
 NES 719
Issue 2

0627. In selecting/specifying sea water equipments, which form a part of a

common LPSW System supplied by an electric motor driven sea water pump,
a limiting pressure drop across the sea water cooled units is to be
considered/specified on the basis of the lower the limitating pressure
drop the lower the pump power requirements. The choice and performance
of the LPSW pumps available in the_ SIES range is to be considered in
selecting the sea water cooled unit limiting pressure drop.

STEP I

DETERMINE PRE-WET REQUIREMENT (SEE NES 118)

STEP 2

DETERMINE FIREFIGHTING REQUIREMENT

1. SELECT LARGEST OF FOLLOWING:

A. LARGEST SINGLE MAGAZINE LOAD AND BOUNDARY COOLING

@ 40 TONNE/HR

B. LARGEST MACHINERY SPACE AND BOUNDARY COOLING

@ 40 TONNE/HR

C. MULTI-SPOT FLIGHT DECK FIRES - ONE THIRD TOTAL NO. OF

FOAM BRANCH PIPES AT 35 TONNE/HR EACH AND SPRAY SYSTEM
IN LARGEST SECTION OF HANGAR

D. HELICOPTER FLIGHT DECK AND HANGAR - 2 IN NO. FOAM BRANCH

PIPES AT 35 TONNE/HR EACH AND HANGAR SPRAY SYSTEM

2. TO THE LARGEST OF A, B, C OR D ADD FOR OTHER MAJOR FIRES BASED

ON SHIP DISPLACEMENT.

UNDER 4000 TONNE DISPLACEMENT ADD 100 TONNE/HOUR

4000 TO 10000 TONNE DISPLACEMENT ADD 200 TONNE/HOUR
10000 TO 20000 TONNE DISPLACEMENT ADD 300 TONNE/HOUR
OVER 20000 TONNE DISPLACEMENT ADD 400 TONNE/HOUR

3. THEN ADD FOR PORTABLE EDUCTORS (SEE CLAUSE 0620). THE TOTAL GIVES
THE FIREFIGHTING REQUIREMENT

STEP 3

SELECT THE LARGEST STEP I OR STEP 2 AND ADD ESSENTIAL CIRCULATORY

COOLING SYSTEMS WHICH WORK OFF HPSW MAIN.

STEP 4
ASSESS NO. OF PUMPS REQUIRED (SEE CLAUSE 0623)

FIGURE 1. CAPACITY OF HPSW SYSTEM

SEE CLAUSE 0621

17
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 2

USING VALUES FROM FIGURE 3 FOR DENSITIES

AND VISCOSITY VALUES

i c St 10-6 m 2/ S
C

--2.0.
z

15

1.0 _

u-h

0
05 10 15. 20 25 30 3S

S TEMPERATURE OC

FIGURE 2 SEA WATER VISCOSITY

SEE CI.AUSE 0602

18
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 2

1.0290

1.0270r

2 1.0250

1.0230

w 1.0210

1.01901

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0C
TEMPERATURE

FIGURE 3 SEAWATER DENSITIES

SEE CLAUSE 0602

19
NES 719
Issue 2
7. HIGHY ST E M HP S W)

General
a ring main
0701. The HPSW supplies sea water throughout the ship by means of
system; a typical arrangement is shown in Figure 4 with standard
symbols shown in Figure 5.

0702. The ring main is to be supplied with sea water from non-submersible
pumps of at least 100 tonne/hour capacity whilst maintaining a pressure
of 7 bar in the main when working at their designed output.

0703. A surplus valve of approved type and characteristics selected from

system
NES 360, is to be fitted to each pump in order that the designed
be fitted
pressure of 7 bar is not exceeded. The surplus valve is to
on a lead taken from the riser between the pump and the non-return
the hull
valve and is to discharge into the suction piping inboard of
valve and suction strainer, leaving at least IOD of straight pipe
between the return tee and the pump suction flange. If insufficient
V
straight suction piping is available, the surplus valve may dischage
into the sea inlet box via a hull valve.
is to be
0704. The take-off from the riser and the return to the suction pipe
by way of a swept tee connection (see BR 3013(2)) to minimise the
effect of erosion corrosion.
ring
0705. In multi-spot ships fitted with between deck hangar(s) a separate
requirements of the
main is to be fitted to supply the firefighting
by pumps
hangar(s) and flight deck; The ring main is to be supplied
is to be capable of
similar to those supplying the HPSW Main and
hydrants. The ring
providing a pressure of 7 bar at the flight deck
connected to the
mains will be cross connected as each main is to be
riser from each pump.
deck; it
0706. Ring Main. The ring main is to be sited on the communication
of the ship, one
is to extend over the middle two thirds of the length
and where
half to the Port and the other to the Starboard side,
ring is to
practicable to be approximately lm from the ship side. The
be cross-connected across the ship as necessary to meet vulnerability
of the ring
requirements. The main is to be extended forward and aft
main by a single lead of piping at the middle line.

0707. The system is to supply the following services:

a. Firefighting including spray systems other than those to

magazines.

b. Magazine spraying arrangements.

c. Prewetting.

d. Domestic Services.

e. Salvage, Ballasting and Deballasting.

f. Cooling of essential machinery and equipments.

20
 NES 719
Issue 2

NOTES:

1. The method of assessing and evaluating the essential services supplied

by the HPSW System is given in Section 6.

2. Where the Shipbuilder subcontracts the design of a HPSW service eg

prewetting system and spray system, the Shipbuilder-is to spieify the
minimum pressure available in the main at the contractual terminal
point of the service and also the quantity required to be delivered by
the spray system. Clauses 0612 and 0613 define the minimum pressure in
the main.

0708. Trials. Trials are to be carried out to demonstrate the correct

functioning of the system and the ability of the system to supply the
designed sea water capacity at the design pressure to the individual
items of equipment with the appropriate number of HPSW pumps in use.

0709. Pumps. The pumps shall be well distributed throughout the main and
auxiliary machinery spaces, avoiding as far as possible two pumps in any
one space. For large vessels, separate pump rooms forward and aft are
to be provided as necessary to ensure a good distribution of pumps
throughout the ship. Where it is necessary to fit two pumps in one
compartment they are to be sited well away from each other. Pumps in
adjacent spaces are not to be sited close to one another against the
separating bulkhead, such that both are vulnerable to a single incidence
of action damage. Remote start facilities for pumps shall be fitted in
the Ship Control Centre in addition to local or any automatic start
arrangements.

0710. The pump suctions are to be taken direct from the sea, either from
separate or common inlets. The suction lead is to be as short as
possible and to terminate at the hull valve, this lead is to be
exclusive to the pump in order to be fully available at all times. See
Clause 0605.

0711. Each pump is to discharge directly into the ring main through risers.

0712. The procedure for establishing pressure: flow rate characteristics of

the HPSW. System is to be based on Annexe C. It should be noted however
that the surplus valve will have the effect of flattening the top of
the P:Q curve by its action of discharging excess pressure back to the
suction side of the pump.

0713. Warm Water Supply. To prevent freezing up of the system in extreme

cold, provision is to be made for the suction of one or more of the
HPSW pumps inside the machinery spaces to be connected to the discharge
side of the Diesel Generating Set heat exchanger or similar heat
exchanger discharge, in order that warm water can be introduced into the
EPSW system. This facility is not to reduce the flow of water to the
supplying heat exchanger. See Figure 4.

0714. The arrangements made are to ensure that when it is necessary to

sectionalise the main under certain action conditions the maximum
lengths possible are supplied with warm water.

0715. Wherever the "warm water" provision is made, a well insulated leak-off
of 65mm nominal size is to be fitted as remote from the pump riser as
practical and arranged to discharge overboard.

21
 NES 719
Issue 2

either from the top

0716. HPSW Main Take Offs. All branches are to be taken
or side of the main in order to reduce to a minimum the entry of
foreign matter into the branches from the main. When a side connection
is taken, it is, whenever possible to be taken off the main at an angle
slightly above the horizontal and from the upper part of the main.
Each branch is to be fitted with an isolating valve.
systems two
0717. Magazine Spraying. For automatically operated spray.
An
branches are to be provided, one from each side of the ship. take
of each
isolating valve is to be fitted in the main, on each side
For other
off to the Magazine Spray system in accordance with BR 862.
accepted.
manually operated spray systems a single branch can be
valve is to be
0718. Hull Valves - Control. The local control of the hull
of the hull
adjacent to the local pump starter. The remote control
valve is to be on the communication deck.
water to the ship
0719. Provision is to be made to maintain a supply of sea
whether alongside or in dock, see Section 16. (
HPSW System-in
0720. Cross-Connection to other Sea Water Systems. The
multi-spot ships is to be cross connected to any separate hangar spray
supplement the other in an
system provided in order that each can
emergency. See Clause 0705.
system should be kept to
0721. Valves. The number of valves fitted in the
the essential minimum, only sufficient to provide for:

a. The efficient normal operation and maintenance in peacetime.

during
b. Damage control purposes during war, or in an emergency
peace such as collision, grounding etc.
functions. Valves fitted
0722. In many positions one valve will satisfy both
and those for damage
for normal operation are to be controlled locally
and remotely. See
control purposes are to be operable both locally
Clause 1008.
0723. Isolating Valves. An isolating valve is to be fitted where practicable

but not at the expense of efficient maintenance:

junction.
a. In the ring main each side of the pump riser
junction.
b. In the ring main each side of the cross connection
watertight (WT)
c. In the ring main where it penetrates a transverse
should be remotely
bulkhead. When in the RED zone valves
operated as well as locally. See Clause 1008.
WT
d. In the cross connections where it penetrates a longitudinal
be capable of
bulkhead. When in the RED zone valves should
remote operation.
branch. See
e. In the ring main each side of the magazine spray
Clause 0717.

22
 NES 719
Issue 2

0724. A swing check valve and isolating valve is to be fitted in each pump
riser as near to the pump discharge as possible, with the swing check
valve located between the isolating valve and the pump.

0725. Isolating valves are to be located, adjacent to the HPSW Main, in

branches to hose connections only if the branch length exceeds 3m.

0726. Control of spray valves for manually operated spray systems are to be
as specified in BR 862 and NES 119.

0727. The valves in the machinery space section of the HPSW System are to be
arranged for remote operation so as to best marry the twin requirements
of machinery arrangement aspects and ease of operation. The valves in
the HPSW System outside machinery spaces are to be operated locally.

0728. Winterisation. Attention is to be given to insulating all supply

pipes, including flanges, which although not in the weather are likely
to be subjected to low temperature eg those near aircraft weapons lift
openings. Similar precautions are necessary to the spraying
arrangements to any magazines and magazine lockers in exposed positions.

0729. Where the extreme fore and after ends of the HPSW Main are in exposed
positions, leak-offs are to be-fitted to ensure a continuous circulation
of water. The leak-offs are to be 15mm nominal bore, well insulated
and so arranged to discharge either directly overboard or into a
scupper with a warmed storm valve.

0730. Hydrants in exposed positions are to have additional valves in the

branch supplies from inside the main structure and arrangements made so
that the exposed length of supply pipe can be drained and left empty.

0731. Stand Pipes and Overboard Discharges. For the provision of internal
stand pipes and overboard discharges for use by the portable pumps, see
NES 119.

Fire Fighting (Including Spraying but not Spraying of Magazines)

0732. Requirements. The system is required to deliver sea water throughout

the ship at a maximum 7 bar pressure and in sufficient quantity to deal
with a fire wherever it occurs. In certain areas where it is known
that a fire could be of high intensity eg machinery spaces, hangars,
flammable stores, .a particular installation of fixed sprays is tO be
fitted to ensure specified quantities of seawater and/or foam are
delivered and distributed.

0733. Branch pipes are to be taken-off for hydrants sited as specified in

NES 119. Also specified is the disposition of hoses, nozzles,
emergency. bulkhead fittings and other miscellaneous fittings. For
details of the quantities to be provided see BR 2170 Vols 2 and 3.

0734. Design. Fittings are listed in NES 119 and BR 2170. The size of
hydrant valves are to be 65= bore for flight decks. All other
hydrants are to be 50mm.

0735. The spraying system to be fitted inside hangars, machinery spaces,

flammable stores etc for fire quenching is to be sized to meet the
2 . The
requirements as laid down in NES 119 of 10 litres/min/metre
disposition and types of nozzles to be fitted in these compartments
together with the method and type of operation, filtering etc and
23
 NES 719
Issue 2

whether foam or any other smothering agent is required to be added to the ()

system during operation is also given in NES 119. The pressure and
quantity of sea-water required to effectively operate the particular
system is to be calculated using the procedures given in Annex A, and
assuming a minimum pressure at the furthermost nozzle. The pressure is
to be about 3 bar; should a lower pressure be desirable for ease of
design problems it can be accepted if the overall effect of the system
satisfies the coverage specified in NES 119. Calculations are to be
based on the minimum permissible pressure in the main as defined in
Clause 0612.

0736. Having collated all demands and subsequently sized the fire fighting
system it will be necessary to theoretically check sea water
the
availability from the system whatever the combination of demands on
system. Consequently it may be necessary to adjust the sea water
etc
system pipe size, position of the link up of pumps into the system
system to supply the
to ensure that the resultant water speeds in the
required quantities are not above the basic design requirements of the
HPSW System. C

0737. It should be noted that water speeds in the pipework of the spray
system can be accepted of up to 8m/s in order to keep the weight of the
system to a minimum. When in use some erosion/corrosion will occur but
in view of the short period of operation for checking out the system
from time to time this can be accepted.

Magazine Spraying

0738. Requirements. Water spraying systems are fitted to magazines to:

a. Extinguish at source a fire in a magazine.

b. Prevent the spread of fire in a magazine.

c. Prevent dangerously high temperatures in the magazine in the

event of a fire in an adjacent compartment.

0739. The HPSW System is required to supply sufficient sea water to any
other occurrences are making demands on the
Q
magazine spray system whenNES 119.
HPSW Main as detailed in

spray system,
0740. Design. The quantity of water required from the magazine
of
the types of spray nozzles and the positions for a particular type
drawing by the
weapon stowage will be indicated on the magazine layout
of the spray
Magazine Safety Policy Section of MOD(PE). The line-out
water
system is given in BR 862. The pressure and quantity of sea
spray system is to be calculated using the
required to operate the
A hereof and assuming a minimum pressure at
procedures given in Annex
the furthermost nozzle necessary to supply the required area density of
pressure in the main as defined in
water and a minimum permissible
the
Clause 0612. The demand of this system is to be checked against
Main, then to ensure that the sea water
supply available in the HPSW
on the
supply is adequate. Due regard is to be made to other demands
system as laid down in Clause 0618 et seq.

24
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1
0741. Materials. Pipework materials up to and including the branch isolating
valve are given in this Standard. Details of the materials of the.
magazine system are given in NES 161.

Prewetting

0742. Requirements. The requirements of the prewetting system are to prevent

radio active fall-out from a nuclear explosion adhering to the external.
surfaces of the ship and to assist in dispersing chemical and
biological agents by washing them overboard.

.0743. Design. Details of spray coverage is given in NES 118; the spray
nozzles are to be positioned throughout the ship to ensure that all
exposed surfaces are adequately covered. From the pressure losses etc
in the connecting system, can be calculated the overall quantity and
pressure of sea water required from the HPSW Main. The pressure loss
calculations are to be carried out in accordance with Annex A. The
initial calculation is to be based on providing at least 3 bar pressure
at each nozzle as this should not require more than 5 bar at the HPSW
Main when the pre-wetting system is operating. The minimum permissible
pressure in the main is defined in Clause 0612.

0744. For the integration of this system with theHPSW System see NES 11'.

0745. Materials. Connections to the HPSW Main and including the isolating
valves are given in this Standard.

0746. Domestic Services. This service includes supplies to:

a. Bathroom Drain Tank Eductors (see Figure 6).

b. WCs and Urinals

c. Garbage Disposal Equipment

d. Sewage Plants
'4 e. Anchor Cable Washing
in
0747. The requirements for sea water connections for services listed
Clause 0746 are included in the following documents:

a. Bathroom ejectors NES 717

b. WCs and Urinals NES 712

c. Garbage Disposal Equipment NES 720

d. Sewage Plants NES 712
e. Anchor, Mooring and Towing Systems NES 117
that they can
0748. Where practical, domestic services are to be so arranged in the
to be available
be readily shut-off to enable adequate pressure
HPSW Main for firefighting and essential services.

Salvage, Ballasting and De-ballasting

0749. Salvage and Counterflooding Sstem. These system requirements are

specified in NES 119.

25
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 2

0750. Ballasting and De-ballasting. Ballast tanks may be water ballast only,
or fuel tanks which are to be filled with sea water after being
emptied of fuel. The latter arrangement is different from the fuel
water compensated system which is detailed in NES 320.

0751. Ships with water ballast tanks are to be provided with a fixed pipe
system for ballasting from the HPSW Main. Deballasting is to be
carried out by fitting 75 tonne/hour eductors or utilising conveniently
sited salvage eductors. See Figure*7 for illustration of the eductor..

0752. Where sea water ballast is required to be carried after fuel usage, the
to the
tanks are to be filled by hoses connected to the HPSW System and
tank by a hose fed into a filling funnel connection on the tank. The
size of the hose is not to be of a larger bore than the tank air vent
pipe. To facilitate the filling of the tank and to avoid over
pressurising the tank, the hose connection from the HPSW System is to
be positioned adjacent to the filling position.

0753. In ships fitted with fuel/ballast tanks, the tanks are to be

through the deballast suction pipes with suitable cross
deballasted
connection(s) to a convenient machinery space salvage eductor: see
NES 320. These suction endings are to be automatically vented or
otherwise arranged so that they cannot discharge the heavily oil
contaminated water or the neat oil which is expected to be overlaying
the top surface of the ballast water. The method for dealing with this
contaminated water or oil is specified in NES 320, NES 322 and NES 717.

0754. The ballast tanks are to be structural tanks integrated into the
ship's structure. The tank design is to take account of stresses
induced by ship's movement as well as the hydrostatic pressures due to
the tank contents. The method for determining the structural
scantlings is given in NES 155.

0755. For the prevervation of tanks, fittings for tanks and the calibration
of tanks see:

a. NES 320 for all fuel tanks.

b. Section 14 herein for sea water tanks.

0756. Cooling of Essential Equipment/Machinery. The HPSW System supplies

water to individual equipments and these are required to be capable of
of
withstanding the pressure of the system. For equipment not capable
to be
withstanding the main pressure the sea water pressure supply is
reduced; this is to be done by either:

a. orifice plates

b. reducing valves
valves
0757. In both cases it will be necessary to fit suitably sized relief
the equipment is not subject
to ensure that under no flow conditions
to overpressurisation; see Clauses 1016 to 1026.

26
 3-.- 2

- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
-
-
- EPO S--- -----
- - - - - ---- HYDRANT HYDRANT WE HYDRANTS
HYDRANT - - - STED RTOR STBD
STIBO
--- WEAPONS
SPRAY 02 DECK
02 DECK 02~0 DECEN
sTO ;GE
o's WE __JO K

WEAPONS WEAPONS WEAPONS SPRAY

HANGAR SOGE WEAPONS
RU.SOWAE WEAPONS
WEAPON SPRAYS HYDRANTS HYR.HYDRANTSSRU
YDRANTS ORNTS T STBDS
SPRAY SHORE
-
SYSTEM STBD
T COHN, 01 DECK
RO MDUETO
HULLHULLK FOAM - -
WORKSHOP INT"CTORSO
SMOKE ROOM TORPEDOTUBES H SHORE
p SPRAYS NNECTIDN
GA
PAWEAPONS
IY
H
H SPRAYS HYDRANTS
M GOUH
JINX- OFFICERS PORT STBD
HHEADS 1DECK
EWDECKE READ-S
PRWTTN (ABLE
I COOU PELR"PWItG> WEAPONS \ WAS
"
\\
WHB

W
INCINERATOLRM SCULLERY SRS
SITEH 6.
POTATO

H gAL
CEOWGES WEIG

IC " H ULE ICE-CUBE[H

IS B w
SPRJ SM WY ,CY
SPRAYS

, -D-3LI-RATIGSAY HEA _ 2 DEC "

BAHRO

T
BSLG TSTPRTOR--E s TANTAK FLAMMABLE
H EDEUEOUCTOREHOSELEHROCKE STORE
HSPRAY
SONAR
SONAR HGENERATOR
-I
DIEHLSEWAGE
xC I--

TOUCIOR
HPI L AIR IPLANT ERYROOM
MACH
C
H DEK
IOP ENINER M COMPARTMENT
- --
MO.EOPT.ST
- -COMPARTMENT

STBD TOREFRIGY
. ..

OIGPORT

OF HIGH PRESSURE
ARRANGEMENT
FIG.'. GENERAL
SYSTEM
SEA WATER
 NES 719

-'- PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE (INCREASE PRESSURE OPENS VALVE) EMERGENCY CONNECTIONS THROUGH BULKHEAD

S DIAPH RAGM VALVE FO LR

PLUG VALVE
• PRESSURE GAUGES
BUTTERFLY. VALVE

BALL VALVE A REMOTE PRESSURE INDICATION MONITORED IN SEC

DRAIN AND TEST POINT f REMOTE LP WARNING MONITORED IN SCC

DRAIN VALVE WITH MALE HOSE CONNECTION 7 SPRAYS

i VALVE LOCKED SHUT

VALVE LOCKED OPEN t ORIFICE PLATE

_t J REMOTELY OPERATED VALVE

IRELIEF VALVE STRAINER

VALVE WITH FEMALE HOSE CONNECTION j STRUM

411 ANGLED VALVE WITH FEMALE HOSE CONNECTION

CONSTANT FLOW VALVE MAIN SW (CENTRIFUGAL) PUMP

oD. VALVE WITH MALE HOSE CONNECTION

O AC[ MOTOR
(SWING CHECK) VALVE
NON RETURN
15 OR 75 TONNES/HR I INLET/ OUTLET
EDUCTOR

jFOAM INDUCTORS

tSUCTION STAND PIPE WITH SCREWED END CAP

]i RE RESERVOIR
FIGURE S- LIST OF STANDARD
SYMBOLS
29/30
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1

NOZZLE

ICKPRESSUR Boo,
SEA WATR''

"': ;SUCTION

FIGURE 6 - 15 TONNE/HOUR EDUCTOR

SEE CLAUSE 0746

PLUG

SEE CLAUSEW0751

7 T-RAT
HIGHPRESURE O
SEE CLAUSE 0751

31
NES 719
Issue 2

8. L O W P R E S S U RE S E A W A T E R SY S T E M iSW

General Requirements and Design

0801. LPSW Systems are used primarily for cooling auxiliary equipment
throughout the ship; the pressure in each system is nominally 14 to
2 bar.
the sea
0802. The supply requirements are established by adding together
sea water temperature of
water requirements at the specified design
in operation or to which
each sea water cooled equipment in the system
the unit is in use. It
a water supply is maintained whether or not
should be noted that:
cooling
a. the SYMES HP air compressors automatically shut-off the
water supply when the unit is not running.

b. the diesel generating sets, supplied from a common LPSW System

()
may be arranged for the sea water inlet supply valves to be
automatically opened by the D/G set starting sequence.-

be given to a
0803. In addition to the above examples, consideration may
water requirement, such as a steam
stand-by unit with a large sea
drains cooler, being shut-off when not in use providing detailed
instructions are proposed for:

a. Ensuring correct system operation.

on the
b. Ensuring that the non-operating unit is flushed through
sea water side for at least five minutes daily.

the LPSW total

0804. Where a LPSW System is supplied from the IPSW Main,
the minimum pressure in the
supply requirements are to be related to
HPSW Main as referred to in Clause 0612. Similarly the maximum
0612 and 0613, is to be
pressure in the main, as referred to in Clauses
water speed through the
taken into account in establishing the maximum
equipment branches.

0805. Flow Rates. The equipment flow rates are to be obtained from the
Where a SYMES
equipment supplier or the SIXES dossier as appropriate. to
dossier
equipment is used, the designer is to check the SYNES is for
provided
establish whether or not the cooling water information for the
specified
the same water temperature as the water temperature
project/installation. Where the water temperatures differ, the
flow to suit
equipment maker should be approached for a revised water
the conditions.
sea water
0806. Equipment Pressure Drops. In selecting/specifying
of a common LPSW System supplied by an
equipments, which form a part
pressure drop" across
electric motor driven sea water pump, a "limiting
on the basis
the sea water cooled units is to be considered/specified
the lower the pump power
that the lower the "limiting pressure drop"
The choice and performance of the LPSW pumps available
requirements. sea water
in selecting the
in the SY11ES range is to be considered
cooled unit limiting pressure drop.

32
 NES 719
Issue 2

0807. Any maximum pressure drop across an equipment in an LPSW System will be
specified. The pressure drop across an equipment at the design flow
rate may be obtained from the equipment manufacturer or the SYMES
dossier as appropriate after considering the requirement in
Clause 0805. Where a margin in system flow, to cover for pump wear,
fouling-and-frequency variation, is included in accordance with
Clause 0812 then the equipment pressure drop is to be calculated for
the increased flow using the square law basis as follows:

rl 2
P2 2 x P1

where

QI = equipment makers' flow rate

P1 = equipment makers' head loss at flow rate QI

Q2 = equipment makers' flow rate plus margin for

system design.

P2 = equipment head loss at flow rate Q .

2

0808. Specification writers in determining the maximum permissible pressure

drop across equipments are to consider the following parameters:

a. The system total pressure available.

b. The pump(s) available.

c. The types of equipment in the system.

d. The permissible water speed and pressure drop relationship.

e. The cooler tube length/water speed combination.

" -f. The complexity of the system layout.

0809. System pressure drops. The pressure loss across a system is to be kept
to a minimum consistent with such practical limitations as:

a. Avoiding the use of unduly large pipes.

b. The pumps available in the SYIES range.

0810. The main requirements to be considered in sizing various types of

systems are as follows:

33
I4S 719
Issue 2

SUPPLY EQUIPMENT GUIDANCE

CONTROL

a. HPSW System Fixed Advantageous to balance pressure

loss in each leg to avoid
excessive throttling when tuning
system.

b. HPSW System Automatic Ensure that the pressure loss

across the control device meets
the design requirements of the
automatic device.

c. LPSW Pumps* Fixed (1) Balance the pressure loss in

each branch by careful
selection of pipe bore sizes
as far as is practical in
order to prevent some tortuous
small bore pipe dictating the
overall pressure drop. '9
(2) Select overall pressure loss
to suit pump available,
bearing in mind a reasonably
high pressure loss may be
required to suit the pump NPSH
required aspects.

(3) The implementation of (1)

and (2) could lead to pipe
water speeds considerably
lower than the maximum
permissible water speeds in
some branches as indicated in
the example in Annex B.

d. LPSW Pumps Automatic Select overall total pressure

rise to suit pump available bearing
in mind the relatively high
pressure loss required across
automatic flow control devices and
the pump HPSH required aspects
(as c(2) above).

* An example of this method of system design is given in Annex B.

0811. The system pressure losses are to be calculated using SDP 25 taking
into account any margin specified in Clause 0812.

0812. Margin to be Included in Selecting/Specification of Pumps. For sizing

a pump a margin is to be included on design requirements to allow for
pump wear, frequency variations and fouling with marine growths as
follows:

a. In systems using fixed flow devices, a 5% margin is to be allowed

on the total of all the equipment water flow rates.

b. In systems using constant flow devices, a pressure loss across -'

the valve of 40% greater than the valve minimum pressure loss for
maintaining a sensibly constant flow.
34
 NES 719
Issue 2

Syphonic and Non-syphonic Systems

0813. The overboard discharges of syphonic systems are to be located under

the light load waterline under all conditions of operation in order to
prevent the ingress of air and loss of prime.

0814. Where there is a danger of a non-syphonic system opeatitin if a

syphonic manner in certain conditions of operation, the system is to be
fitted with an open air vent at each high point in the system.

0815. In both the syphonic and non-syphonic systems, the pump when starting
is to be capable of overcoming the 'head above waterline' measured from
the waterline to the highest point in the system. It should be noted
that start-up in adverse heeled condition will require a higher pump
discharge head than when on an even keel. Once a syphonic system is
primed this head is cancelled by the action of the syphon ie the pump
duty point total head rise is based on the system fluid friction and
dynamic losses only. For a non-syphonic system the pump duty is based
on the 'head above waterline' and the head loss due to friction up to
the syphon breaker plus the dynamic head loss at the syphon breaker.

0816. In designing a syphonic system, the designer is to ensure that the

crown of the syphon is not higher than the 'practical' absolute
hydraulic gradient ie the vacuum of the crown is somewhat less than the
absolute vacuum. A simplified absolute hydraulic gradient, excluding
step changes such as inlet/exit losses and valve losses, is illustrated
in Figure 8. The effects of heel, roll, trim and pitch are to be taken
into account in establishing the height of the crown above the
waterline.

0817. In designing a syphonic system the pump is to be capable of starting

the system by overcoming the 'head above waterline'. In systems where
there is one equipment or a number of equipments at the same height
then the pump shut valve total head is to exceed the 'head above
waterline' in the system. Where the equipments are located at
different heights the head available for priming the unit is governed
by the pump characteristic and the preferrential flow to the lower
units. An example of this type of arrangement is illustrated in
Figure 9.

0818. The overboard discharges-.of syphonic systems are, where practical, to

be located below the waterline under all conditions of operation.
Where this is not possible, due to machinery arrangements aspects, the
branches will operate non-syphonic when rolling or when heeled unless
the flow of water to the outfall is sufficient to prevent air influx or
to ensure rapid return of any such inflow. The variation in system
performance, if the syphon is lost, is to be taken into consideration
when designing and tuning the system. Figure 10 shows a method of
overcoming this problem of loss of syphon when the discharge rises
above the waterline by including a positive pressure loop (an inverted
syphon in the overboard discharge). The starting head above waterline
is unchanged by the loop.

0819. Where a syphonic system operates non-syphonically under certain

conditions of operation, any flow tuning device is to be located, where
practical, adjacent to the overboard discharge valve, providing there
is sufficient total head available to overcome the outlet branch
losses. With this arrangement the following applies:

35
NES 719
issue 2

a. The system is tuned for syphonic flow.

the tuning device is
b. The relatively large head loss across
flow rate through the system
included in the ttoutlet" leg and the
be higher than it would be if
under non-syphonic conditions will
the tuning device is in the inlet leg.
for
with automatic temperature control
0820. Where an equipment is fitted at inlet to the equipment by
controlling the cooling water temperature outlet to pump
water from cooler
means of recirculation of the cooling is located above the waterline
suction and the water cooled equipment in the recirculating line; this
then an isolating valve is to befitted
pressure in the system for venting
valve is to be used to produce a is
or when the sea water temperature
either when starting the plant
less than the design temperature.

Main irculating
circulating
are not required for the main
082i. Scoop systems, in general, or propulsion diesel engines.
systems f6r propulsion gas turbines
is to be
sea water supply to the system
0822. The provision of a standby or from the HPSW System with remote
either by a motor-driven SW pump compartments.
with unmanned machinery
control of the supply in ships
with sea
main propulsion engine is supplied
6823. Where a variable speed overboard discharge is
driven pump, each
water by an associated engine all conditions of
load waterline under
to be located below the light and associated
sea water cooled equipment
heel and roll. The ancillary
the light load waterline wherever
piping is to be located below the
and/or piping is located above
practical. Where the equipment the HPSW System;
is to be provided from
waterline a priming connection either a low flow or low
a surveillance system incorporating
to be provided to identify loss of
is
differential pressure device arrangements of main circulating12.
system flow. Typical diagramnatic 11 and
SW pump are shown in Figures
systems with an engine driven
1
Self-contained AuxiliarM Circulating
with
are preferably to be provided
0824. The following auxiliaries systems:
self-contained auxiliary circulating

a. Gas turbo-generating sets.

b. Diesel generating sets.

3/h or
the sea water supply is 5 m
c. Refrigerating plants where
over.

d. Air conditioning plants.

e. Desalination plants.
share any service with
generating sets are-_nOt to
NOTE: The systems for the be interconnected to another
system the
another cooling system or to to generating
in the loss of sea water
failure of which would result
sets.

36
 NES 719
Issue 2

0825. A typical system for a diesel generating set is shown in Figure 13.

0826. Emergency bilge suctions are not to be provided in association with the
pumps for any of the above auxiliaries.

0827. A stand-by supply of sea water is to be provided from the HPSW System
to each gas turbo-generating set and to each diesel genertfig set.
Where the generating sets are provided in pairs, one stand-by supply
may be provided for each pair; this supply is to be sized for the sea
water requirements for one of the units only.

0828. Two sea water circulating pumps are to be provided in each

refrigeration machinery compartment containing two or more
refrigeration plants. Each pump is to be sized to provide the total
circulating water requirements of the plants in the compartment unless
another source of supply is fitted for use in an emergency.

0829. Where only one refrigeration plant is situated in a compartment, a

stand-by supply of circulating water is to be provided from the HPSW
System.

Common Auxiliary Circulating

0830. Common auxiliary circulating systems are to be provided in the

machinery compartments for supply sea water to the sea water cooled
auxiliary machinery.
14
0831. Typical common auxiliary circulating systems are shown in Figures
and 15.
sea water
0832. Common auxiliary circulating systems are to be supplied with
either by a motor-driven circulating pump or from the HFSW System.

pump,
0833. Where the system is supplied with sea water by one motor-driven
an emergency supply is to be provided from the HPSW System.

machinery
0834. Where an auxiliary circulating system supplies more than one
,! compartment, a stand-by supply connection from the HPSW System is to be
which does not include an
provided in each machinery compartment
auxiliary circulating pump capable of supplying the system.

Water Supply to Shaft Bearings, Stern Seals and Stern Tube Bearings
or from
0835. The supply is to be provided either from a circulating system
the HPSW System.
a sea water
0836. White metal lined plummer bearings are to be provided with
supply for emergency cooling purposes.
water supply
0837. Stern seal/stern tube bearings are to be provided with a
of minimum pressure 0.35 bar above sea pressure in way of shaft
seal cooling and bearing lubrication.
penetration at maximum draft, for
bearing at this low
To ensure there is positive flow through the
to be fitted in the supply
pressure differential, a flow indicator is
propulsion with
line. Where the ship is to be capable of maintaining
arrangements are not to be
loss of electrical power and the electrical
power within at least
assumed to be capable of restoring electrical
supply is to
half an hour of a total electrical failure, the sea water
supplied with water
be taken from the main circulating water system
from an engine driven sea water pump.
37
NiES 719
Issue 2

Supplies from HPSW System

of the
0838. Where a LPSW System is supplied from the HPSW system, one
following design philosophies is to be adopted:

in the HPSW
a. the system is to be designed for the maximum pressure
System.
associated
b. the system is to include a pressure reducing valve and
relief valve.
relief valve.
c. the system is to include an orifice and associated
to match the
0839. Because of the difficulty in obtaining a relief valve
valve
varying system requirements and the uncertainty of the
at the time of the emergency, every effort should
functioning correctly
maximm
be made to design all components to withstand full HPSW
Where constant flow valves are fitted in the LPSW System and
pressure.
valves is not
the supply branch and/or component downstream of the
designed for the maximum pressure in the HPSW System, a full bore
in each branch and sized to pas's the
relief valve is to be provided
the associated constant flow control
maximum design flow rate through
valve.

Supplies from Other Sea Water Systems

a higher pressure SW pump
0840. Where one sea water system is supplied from
associated with another sea water system, the supply is to be arranged
motor cannot be overloaded,
to ensure that the alternative supply pump
Suitable arrangements are the provision in the supply
see Clause 2048.
cross-connection of:

a. a diaphragm glandless valve, or

of the
b. a constant flow control drive where remote operation
emergency supply is required.

Valve Policy )
in Section 10.
0841. The types of valves to be used are given
the
0842. Reliability can be designed into the system by considering
following:
where they will be
a. Providing isolating valves at those junctions
failure.
most effective in limiting flooding from pipe
pairs of SW cooled
Arranging the inlet and outlet branches to
b.
be independent of
equipment which are vital eg lub oil pumps to
each other.
in the supply and one in the
0843. Each equipment will be fitted with a valve
isolated for
discharge line so that the equipment can be
repair/replacement. Generally the valve in the discharge line is to be
a glandless diaphragm valve. See Clauses 1216-1220.

38
 INES 719
Issue 2

SEPARATION OFABOUT 2m TO ALLOW FOR FLOW/

PRESSURE IRREGULARITIESVAPOUR PRESSURE OF
(WARM) WATER AND HEEL OF SHIP.

ABSOLUTE HYDRAULIC GRADIENT LINE

HRL LSHYDRAULIE
ISE INE
W.L.

~DISCHARGE SYSTEM
~PUMP

"-;y:.,"HYDRAULIC LOSSES IN
PUMP SUCTION

NOTE.
POINT b:MUST BE LOWER THAN POINTa
y = ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

FIGURE 8 HiYDRAULIC GRADIENT

SEE CLAUSE 0816

39
NES 719
Issue 2

A TO C
NON -SYPHONIC
ATO B ONLY

A TOC ONLY

HEAD AVAILABLE TOTAL FLOW WITH

TO PRIME A TO C A TO C SYPHONIC

HEAD ABOVE
WATER LINE
=3m

FLOW RATE

AQ
;HIE C

FIGURE 9 - SYPHONIC SYSTEM; PRIMING AND RUNNING HEAD.

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 1"
SEE CLAUSE 0817

40
 NES 719
Issue 2

OPERATING HEAD ABOVE WATER LIN

STARTING HEAD
ABOVE WATER LINE

FIGURE 10 - USE OF AN INVERTED SYPEON

SEE CLAUSE 0818

41
IES 719
Issue 2

PROP
OIL
- Ri
E-j
TO OTHER
S.W.PUMPS
L.O. PUMP
HYDROSTATIC
DRIVE OIL COOLER FAIl

GEAR DRIVEN
SWPUMP OIL
I-T

STANDBY SUPPLY FROM L T STERN GLANDS

IGRH P S.W.SYSTEM RLI W LOPUKI
S EN_---PXO . Loj

IBLOCK L- P• LO,
HYDROSTASTIC V'"
• DRIVE OIL COOLER L

OTHER
-.---- T--O FriO P-1
S.W PUMPS 1IL
0"-

SEE FIG 5. FOR STANDARD SYMBOLS.

NOTE :- COMPONENTS SHOWN ARE TYPICAL ONLY.

FIGURE 11 - MAIN CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM4 FOR GT PROPELLED SHIP", J

SEE CLAUSE 0823

42
 NOTE:- COMPONENTS SHOWN ARE TYPICAL ONLY y/CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE FW CIRCUIT.
SEE FIG.S FOR STANDARD SYMBOLS

'm GEAR BOX FWCOOLER

LU . 0OIL FWCOE
COOLER
L 0 COOLER vY
Ee SEA
TUBE
0THRUST -
i I~BLOCK /
.I MAIN DIESEL PU P
to 0

tnSTANDBY SUPPLY e-
4 STERN GLANDS FROM HPS.W SYST
~(FIRE MAIN)

0
' MAIN DIESEL O

CSE

t LOCOOLER TUB

GEAR BOX
LUB OIL FWCOOLER
,. ,COOLE
NES 719
Issue 2

SEETUBE
LOCKED
OPENOVERBOARD

SET
FW j

36.8m DI1h SUCTION

DIESELDI
SEE FIO.5 FOR STANDARD SYMBOLS

FIGURE 13 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT

ES OFP AN EMERGENCY
GENERATING SET SEA WATER
A SUPPLY TO..
SEE CLAUSE 0825

44
 NES 719
Issue 2

AUX
CIRE.
.P. . ] PUMP
AIR I IR I ABLI

RELIEF
VALVE

STAND-BY SUPPLY
FROM H.PS.W SYSTEM M
OR OTHER CIRC.PUMP MAIN
IO RELIEF VALVE LO
REQUIRED IF STAND-BY PUMP
ISFROM ANOTHER 'MOIRS,
CIRC. PUMP.

'lCOOL4 ,ISER,
Lj. L.

NOTES- a) DISTILLING PLANT NOT SHOWN

DIG SET BUT USUALLY HAVE
Alt PLANT INTEGRAL SUPPLY
REFRIG. PLANT I
b) COMPONENTS SHOWN ARE TYPICAL ONLY
SEE FIG.S. FOR STANDARD SYMBOLS.

FIGURE 14 - AUXILIARY CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM (PUMP SUPPLY)

SEE CLAUSE 0831

45
 NOTES:- u DISTILLING PLANT 1NOT SHOWN c) COMPRESSORS HPSW SUPPLY-
A/C PLANT F-BUT HAVE INDIVIDUAL ORIFICES £
REFRIG. PLANT I INTEGRAL SUPPLY RELIEF VALVES FITTED
WHERE UNITS CANNOT
b)VENT COOLERS - HPSW SUPPLY WITH-STAND FULL" PRESSURE
"- I
SEE FIG.5. FOR STANDARD SYMBOLS ISTAB IL-ISR d) COMPONENTS SHOWN ARE TYPICAL ONLY

ISER
FUEL EM

SSPECIAL
DRAIN ERVIE TRANSFER CPMS
COOLER AIR. PUMP OL
COoLER MOTOR COOLER
co
0

4cnrn
S..S

PUMP
En

, LUB LUB
t )ANOIL OIL
PUMP
OMPR COOLER PUMP oMP
TANK
-A--
--
--TAN K MOTOR MOTOR

SEATUBE .,SEA TUBE

Ar

Q . . . Q
Y S
 NES 719
Issue 2

9. PUMPS

General

0901. All SW pumps are to conform to the requirements given in the NES 327.

Selection

0902. Pumps for the HPSW and LPSW Systems are to be selected on the basis of
Type Number (Specific Speed) against pump efficiency curve as indicated
in NES 327. The use of the Type Number: pump efficiency curve will
indicate that normally the centrifugal pump is the best selection for a
HPSW pump duty because the Type Number of the mixed flow or axial flow
pumps will usually be outside the Type Number at which such pumps are
efficient and economic. Similarly, the use of the Type Number: pump
effiency curve will indicate that normally the centrifugal pump is the
best selection for a LPSW pump duty but that on occasions the duty may
merit the consideration of mixed flow type, axial flow type or turbine
type (covering vortex, regenerative side channel etc) pumps. A turbine
type pump is to be considered where a self-priming feature at a small
flow rate is required. Turbine type pumps are usually limited to flows
up to 70m 3 /h and at low, medium or high total pressure rise.

0903. Axial flow pumps and mixed flow pumps with an axial flow bias when
fitted in parallel are to be provided with automatic by-pass to sea
arrangements; see Clause 2046.

0904. SW pumps are to be of the non-self priming type unless otherwise

specified. For location of pumps see Clause 0923.

0905. Where a SW pump is required to be self-priming the NPSH for the

different types is to be as follows:

a. Self-priming impeller; turbine type etc referred to in

Clause 0902 - 5 to 6m.

b. Centrifugal pump provided with a suction reservoir, air

4separating
-. chamber and means or recirculation between the air
chamber and suction reservoir - 3.5 to 4.5m.

c. Centrifugal pump with a separate air evacuating pump driven by

the same motor - 2 to 3m.

0906. Where a group of pumps require to be primed they can be connected on

the suction side of a separate motor driven air evacuating unit; this
arrangement is usually referred to as a central priming system.

Selection - SYIIES Range

0907. The High Pressure System and the circulating water pumps are to be
selected where possible from the SYMES Index range which covers a wide
range of pump duties. Each SYMES dossier for pumps includes a "Range
Chart" for all the pumps showing head against flow rate envelopes for
various indicated synchronous speeds, pump impellers and pump impeller
diameters. The head against flow rate curves for each pump is
superimposed on this Range Chart.

47
 NES 719
Issue 2

0908. Some pump dossiers contain lists of optional impeller sizes some of 0-
which are recognised as "SYHES range'?, and others which take the pump
out of that classification. In certain examples these impellers may be
found as part of another SYNES unit. Exceptionally it may be necessary
to use one of the listed impellers, which is not part of the SYMES
range, to meet the required duty, but the system duty is to be amended
to suit an available pump if this proves to be more convenient and cost
effective. Each index number has one motor as standard and this covers
quite a broad band of impeller sizes and duties. A larger motor may be
available or can be made available comercially for each range of pump
and design but the selection of such a motor results in a different
equipment existing in so far as SYMES indexing is concerned.
0909. The information required before making reference to a SYMES dossier
is:

a. Total head rise required.

b. Flow rate required.

c. Type of drive ie motor or gear driven.

d. NPSH available.

0910. Each dossier presents pump performance characteristics applying to each

impeller option. Each series of total head rise and power: flow rate
curves has a hatched area which covers the range provided by the SYMES
range motor. The SYMES range of pumps give an overlap in performance
in certain areas and therefore before deciding on the initial choice of
pumplother dossiers are to be checked to see if the duty can be covered
by another SYMES equipment, possibly with preferred characteristics or
properties.

0911. Each series of characteristics includes a curve showing the NPSH

required by the pump. The NPSH required at the duty point should be
less than the NPSH available. If this condition is not satisfied the
NPSH available will normally have to be increased; see Clause 0921.

Performance

0912. The flow: pressure characteristic is to be stable throughout the whole

of the 'system operating range taking into account normal and emergency
operation and the number of pumps in operation on the system at the
same time.

0913. It is preferable that centrifugal pumps are provided with a

non-overloading power characteristic; see Clause 2040.

0914. Axial flow and some mixed flow pumps have a pronounced increase in
total pressure rise hence rise in power, as the discharge valve is shut
together with an unstable zone between about 50 to 70% of the best
efficiency flow rate and because of this their use is usually limited
to flow rates above the unstable zone.

0915. The influence of pump characteristics on the selection of pump types is

covered by the requirements in Clauses 2045 to 2050 inclusive.

48
 NES
Issue7192

0916. Performance at Various Speeds. The effect of variation of speed (N) on

rotodynamic pumps for constant efficiency is to be obtained using the
following equations:-
N2
Q2 at H 2 =Q x N1

2
where 2 = H1 x [1]

and H I corresponds with Q,

3
kW = x kW

where N = pump speed

Q = flow rate

H = head rise

kW = power

1 = initial or given condition

2 = final or required condition

Nett Positive Suction Head

0917. The NPSH available to a pump is significant to its design and to its
operating characteristics as installed in a ship. The NPSH available
-J is therefore an important aspect in the design of suction piping,
location of pump and selection of pump. Figure 16 shows the type of
NPSH available characteristic to be constructed.

0918. For pump selection/specification the system designer is required to

calculate the minimum and maximum NPSH available at the appropriate
flow rate(s), taking into account such combinations as light and deep
load waterlines with either trim or heel, whichever gives the worst
condition.

0919. Where a number of pumps are connected to a common suction main the
pipework friction losses in the main are to be calculated with the
maximum number of pumps in use as dictated by the systems' flow rate
requirements.

0920. The NPSH required by a pump is the total head of water above the vapour
pressure necessary to induce the water into the pump impeller vanes
without significant drop of pump differential head below that provided
when adequate NPSH is available. If the NPSH available at the pump
suction is less than the NPSH required a significant loss will be
incurred in pump total pressure rise relative to the normal

49
 NES 719
Issue 2

characteristic (commonly this is associated with cavitation in the )

impeller inlet areas, noise and erosion of the impeller). However, in
an emergency condition (implying that the pump is not going to be
operated for long periods in this condition), this may be considered
acceptable unless it is extreme, when the pump will tend to air lock
and give intermittent delivery. Figure 17 shows the type of NPSH
available and NPSH required characteristics which are required to be
constructed to indicate any performance limitations.

0921. The useful normal operating range of a pump is limited to those flow
rates whereby the NPSH available exceeds the NPSH required. The
operating range, for an existing pump, can only be extended by
increasing the NPSH available. This is to be achieved by lowering the
pump to increase the height of water above the impeller and/or
reducing the suction pipe friction head losses. Methods for reducing
friction head losses are as follows:

a. Arranging the suction piping to be as short and as direct as

possible. )
b. Keeping the number of fittings to a minimum.

c. Using a larger bore pipe.

0922. This NPSH aspect of pump/system design is to be taken into account

particularly when:

a. Specifying the duties of a new pump requirement.

b. Selecting a pump from the SYMES range, see Clauses 0907 to 0911
inclusive.

c. Selecting a pump for two duties ie a normal duty and an emergency

duty when the pump acts as a standby to another cooling system,
the latter most probably will be an increased flow at a lower
total head, see Clause 2048.

d. Selecting a minimum working pressure for a multi-pump system. C)

*The minimum working pressure in a multi-pump. system occurs when
one pump or more of a number of running pumps is stopped in order
to match the flow required when some equipments have been
isolated; see Clauses 2031 to 2037 inclusive.

Siting

0923. Non-self -priming sea water pumps are to be located so that the pump
impeller is below the waterline under all conditions of heel and trim,
unless otherwise specified (for example see Clause 0610). The effects
of heel and trim on water level above the pump impeller can be
minimised by locating the pumps at or near the ship's centreline and
avoiding extreme forward or aft locations.

0924. Care is to be taken to arrange the floorplates and the pipework around
sea water pumps so that the gland seal, which must be inspected for
leaks, can be seen without difficulty and so that the necessary access
is provided for pump end maintenance.

50
 NES 719
Issue 2

Mounting- Seats and Flexible Devices

0925. Seats. The term seating covers the actual connection and structural
members between the ships structure and the baseplate or holding down
points of the equipment concerned. Alternative terminology may
sometimes be found in equipment specifications, such as,. stools or
spacers.

0926. Details of materials, scantlings and positions of seatings are to be in

accordance with guidance drawings and equipment specifications.

0927. Seatings are generally to be welded both in construction and final

connection to structure of the ship, but in certain cases as may be
approved by the Ministry, pads are to be welded to the ships structure
with the top surface of the pads so aligned that seatings can be bolted
to the pads. The latter arrangement is applicable where a change of
seating is necessary without the use of welding or flame cutting.

0928. All welding is to be to NES 706.

0929. The seatings are to conform to the following requirements as applicable

to the specific item or equipment to be supported:

a. Be of adequate strength.

b. Be suitable for use with the type of mounting specified either

in the equipment specification or appropriate guidance drawing.

c. Machining and tolerances are to be as specified either in the

equipment specification or applicable guidance drawing.

d. Conform to the recommendations of DG Ships 591.

e. Structural members are to be so positioned that bolting down of

the equipment is unimpaired, and continuity of strength is
preserved.

f. Securing bolts are never to pierce watertight structure of the

ship.
g. Scalloping of webs beneath top plates, to accommodate bolts, is

to be avoided.

h. Webs are to be made to butt, metal to metal.

0930. The final positions and structural arrangements of seatings are to

satisfy the following conditions:
a. Position relative to given datum is achieved within the
locational tolerances allowed.

b. Clearance for motion of equipment under shock loading.

c. Space for maintenance and dismantling.

d. Space overhead for slinging.

51
NES 719
Issue 2

e. Space for survey and painting of structure.

0931. The method of fabrication and sequence of welding used is to ensure

that distortion is kept to the minimum.

0932. Access holes for maintenance or services are to be arranged such that
strength and rigidity is unimpared.

0933. Limber holes are to be arranged to provide drainage arrangements

without the use of cement or other compounds.

0934. Seatings are to have radius corners, where appropriate, to reduce

stress concentrations.

0935. Any additional minor support or strengthening of seating or structure

in way, shown to be necessary during the progress of the work or as a
result of trials, is to be fitted by the Shipbuilder.

0936. The structure of the seats is arranged to provide continuity of

strength with the longitudinal and floors. Intercostal members are to
be avoided.

0937. The top plate and bearers are to take the holding down bolts and are to
be of the required thickness after machining as necessary.

0938. The seatings sited close to other equipment seatings may be built as a
single unit.

0939. The seatings are to be abrasive blasted and zinc sprayed and painted
on completion of welding and before the installation of any services or
machinery. Zinc spraying is to be in accordance with BS 2569 Pt 1.

0940. The seats are to be erected, faired and welded in position as shown on
the approved drawings within a tolerance of + 5vu.

0941. Bedplates where indicated are to be planed true before installation and
are to be checked and/or trued after installation. Alternatively the
bedplates are to be hand finished locally in way of mounts in ship as
follows:
After completion of welding the mounting areas are to be machined
so that on completion they are all parallel to the Master Datum
and within + 5-, of the designed position.

0942. Bedplates are to be constructed of fabricated steel plates, sections,

steel castings or where specific approval has been given, of aluminium
alloy. All parts attached to the vessel and upon which equipment is
mounted are to be planed level. The requirements for preservation of
alignment under all conditions are to be closely observed.

0943. Mounting. For the design selection and fastening of equipment

shock/vibration mounts see BR 3021 Volumes 1 and 2.

52
 NES 719
Issue 2

0944. Flexibles. Where equipments are fitted on shock/vibration mounts,

flexible devices are to be fitted in the system pipework adjacent to
the flexibly mounted equipment. For the provision of flexible devices
and the associated thrust compensating devices for SW pumps see NES 327.

Control

0945. All electrical controls are to be in accordance with NES 626.

0946. Each SW pump is to be arranged for local start/stop operation by a

single watchkeeper in addition to any remote control or automatic
starting that is specified.

0947. Remote control is to be provided for the HPSW pumps; control is to be

from the Ship Control Centre. Where the ship is provided with a
pressure tank spray system, the pumps are to be arranged to start
automatically in sequence by the action of pressure switches located in
the pressure tank spray system.

Cooling and Leak-Offs

0948. A pump leak-off is to be provided and arranged to discharge overboard

where a pump is to be operated for a prolonged period against a closed
or nearly closed discharge and there is danger of damage to the pump
seals and bearings due to overheating.

0949. The minimum leak-off flow required to prevent overheating is to be

provided by the pump maker. For initial estimate purposes the
following equation is to be used:-
• +

power at zero flow (kw) x 0.9

Sea water flow (m /b) = Pumps
Maximum acceptable fluid temperature rise
(°0C)*

*+ an acceptance value is 80 C temperature rise.

+ can be obtained from the SYMES aossier.

NOTE: Where the motor driving the pump is cooled by water, taken from the
pump discharge and return to the pump suction, the motor heat losses
are to be added to the pump heat losses; for estimation purposes the
heat loss at the specified (normal operating) duty may be used as this
is a reasonable approximation and is the work done on the fluid at low
flow which can be read from the pump performance curve in the SYES
dossier.

Air Venting

0950. The venting arrangements required for a non-self-priming SW pump depend

on whether the pump inlet pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
or less than atmospheric pressure in all conditions of operation as
follows:

a. Heel and trim

b. Roll and pitch

53
NES 719
Issue 2

C. Wave depth below normal waterline

d. Normal loading prior to cleaning of sea suction inlets and/or

strainers

and if it is less than atmospheric pressure, whether or not the pump is

arranged for local starting only. The venting arrangements required
for each of these possibilities are specified in NES 327.

0951. When remote operation of a non-self-priming pump is required it is to

be arranged so that the pump impeller is submerged prior to start-up in
all conditions of heel, trim, roll and pitch; see Clause 0923. See
also Clauses 1178 et seq "Air Venting and Draining" of Pipework and
Clause 1332 "Air Venting of Sea Tubes".

54
 NES 719
Issue 2

HEAD EQUIVALENT TO
I - VAPOUR-PRESSURE-
I FRICTION (H'v)

PS H AVAILABLE U(T
SN

sc N P SH AVAILABLE I
a- AT DUTY FLOW

0AVAILABLE A

CD 9-3m (S W)

<1- >u..,~A RATLOW1 IN 125%

'C:o, mr0 FLOW RATE (0) 175

25 50 75 100 125 150

-4
PIPE HEA D EQUIVALENT TO
~~SUCTION TPIPEO VAPOURHPRESSURE

: ii! HFRICTION HEAD LOSS HV

2
0ocG (HF)

-5
NPSH= (HA+HSP-.-2 - HF)+-L -HV...(1)

HA+HSp - HF -Hv
NOTE:- ABSOLUTE STATIC HEAD AT PUMP SUCTION
IS HS = HAI HSp -2gnHF

HENCE EQUATION(1) BECOMES NPSH-HsI-' -Hv

-10

FIGURE 16 - NETT POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE

CHARACTERISTICS
SEE CLAUSE 0917
55
 NES 719
Issue 2

16

PUMP OPERATING RANGE. __

14

PUMP CHARACTER IST IC.

S2
NPSH AVAILABLE.

PUMP
DUTY
10- CPI NT.

I I LIMIT
• ON PUMP
OUTPUT
(I) IF NPSH (REQUIRED) IS PROVIDED. O
I
(2) WITH NPSH (AVAILABLE) AS SHOWN. I
a
<6

I 2)

NPSH REQUIRED\I

2
SI I

0 20 40 60 80 loo 120 140

FLOW RATE- O(m3/h)

FIGURE 17 - EFFECT OF NPSH ON PUMP PERFOIMANCE

SEE CLAUSE 0920

56
 NES 719
Issue 2

10. VALVES

Types and Selection

1001. Valves are to be selected from NES 360 with the further guidelines on
valve usage outlined in this Section.

1002. The standard types of valves to be fitted in HM Ships are as follows:

a. Hull valves. Ball/plug valves are to be used up to and including

150mm nominal size for hull inlet duties and up to and including
80mm nominal size for hull discharge duties. Flanged butterfly
valves are to be used above 150mm nominal size for hull inlet and
dischargeduties. Either ball/plug or butterfly valves may be
used in the 100 to 150mm nominal size range for hull discharge
duties.

b. Isolating Valves (other than hull valves). Butterfly valves

normally of the wafer type are to be used where- the nominal size
of the system is 100mm and above and ball/plug valves below 100mm.

c. Non-return Valves. For non-return duty a combined plug non-return

valve or a swing check valve in conjunction with a ball/plug or
butterfly valve is to be used. Valves with soft seats are to be
used where the differential pressures are below 0.7 bar otherwise
valves with hard seats are to be used.

d. Fire Hydrants. Valves complete with instantaneous 21" female

hose connections to BS 336 are to be used and fitted strictly in
accordance with NES 119.

e. Relief Valves. Spring loaded relief valves are to be fitted as

required to avoid damage to system pipework and equipment by
overpressure.

f. Surplus Valves. Spring loaded surplus valves are to be fitted to

each pump to ensure that the HPSW System is not overpressurised
when the pump is at low delivery. See Clauses 0703 and 1018.

Ball/plug and butterfly valves are not to

g. Flow
be used where Valves.
Control there is a throttling requirement because of the
cavitation/erosion effect. For flow control valves see
Section 12.
1003. The number and type of valves is to be kept to a minimum. Maximum use
is to be made of the straight through type.

Location
or box system
1004. An isolating valve is to be fitted at each sea inlet tube
opening. See Clause 1027.
if fitted or
1005. An isolating valve is to be fitted at each discharge tube
on the hull. See Clause 1027.
systems is
1006. In all positions where the reduction of noise in piping
important such as adjacent to the sonar, adjacent to quiet compartments,
cavitation
and below the waterline, valves are to be chosen for minimum
and flow disturbance as follows:
57
 NES 7.19
Issue 2

a. For non-throttling valves use ball/plug and butterfly valves not {

globe valves.

b. For throttling flow use diaphragm glandless valves and "constant

flow" control valves or orifice plates (See Clause 1205) in
association with an isolating valve of the ball/plug or butterfly
type.

1007. The siting of valves directly above electrical equipment is to be

avoided as far as practicable. See Clause 1140.

1008. In accordance with the requirements of Clauses 0721 and 0722,valves are
to be provided at bulkheads when the sea water system extends through
more than one watertight compartment. The valves are to be operable
from the same side of bulkhead as the part of the system remaining in
operation. This means that:

a. Where parts of the system in the adjacent compartments can

maintain independent operation, a valve is required on each side
of the bulkhead or remote operating gear provided on the other
side.

b. Where part of the system in the adjacent compartment cannot

maintain independent operation, a valve is required on the
bulkhead in the part of the system required to remain in operation.

c. Where the penetration of the main watertight sub-division in the

RED zone is unavoidable, valves should be fitted to preserve
watertight integrity. Where practicable these valves should be
remotely operated. If systems are contained wholly in the
machinery spaces, the requirements for valves and method of
control should be separately assessed. See Clauses 0726 and 0841
et seq.
d. Where remote control is specified it is to be positioned not
lower than the next deck above the highest RED deck. For
manually operated spray valves the remote position shall be
separated from the protected compartment by a main transverse
watertight bulkhead.
1009. The bulkhead valves and extensions are to be operable from readily
accessible positions.
Remote/Local Control

1010. All hull valves are to be fitted to enable operation to be carried out
both locally and remotely by rod gearing from the communications deck
over the compartment in which the valves are sited. Where excessive
lengths of rod gearing are involved, power assistance is to be
considered and proposals forwarded to MOD(PE). The valves are not to
have the facility for being locked.

1011. The motive water supply valves for the salvage eductors are to be
fitted to enable operation to be carried out both locally and remotely
by rod gearing from the communications deck and the compartment in
which the valves are fitted. Where the salvage eductors are used for
deballasting, the salvage suction and cross-connection valves to the
ballast system are to be similarly arranged. The valves are not to
have the facility for being locked.

58
 NES 719
Issue 2

1012. Open/Shut indication is to be provided both local to the valve and at

the valve remote operating position.

1013. Rod gearing is to conform to NES 361.

Locking Arrangements

1014. Locking arrangements are to be provided on valves liable to create

personnel hazard or endanger the ship by inadvertant opening or
shutting. Exceptions are given in Clauses 1010 and 1011 where prompt
operation of valves in certain circumstances is necessary.

1015. The HPSW pump discharge valves are to have the facility for being
locked open.

Relief Valves and Reducing Valves

1016. Excess Pressure. Excess pressure in a system is defined as that

pressure in a system or part of a system which is above the
manufacturer's working pressure (half the manufacturer's shop test
pressure) of component(s) in that system ; account being taken of that
component which has the lowest working pressure. To safeguard the
component(s) from such excess pressure a relief valve is to be fitted
to ensure that the manufacturer(s) working pressure is not exceeded.

NOTE: A relaxation may be permissible if it safely avoids the fitting

of a relief valve. Each instance for relaxation is to be
referred to the Ministry for a ruling.

1017. System Design to avoid Excess Pressure. Where practical, a sea water
system is to be designed to avoid the provision of a relief valve by:

a. Selecting/designing equipments and components which meet the

pressure requirements in Clause 1016.

b. Selecting a pump(s) whose shut valve pressure is less than the

pressure requirements in Clause 1016.

1018. Relief Valves. Full bore and partial bore flow relief valves are
defined in Clause 0409 bb and cc respectively. A full bore valve
safeguards the system including all components against excess sea water
pressure in conditions where pressure exceeds the design working
pressure. A special type of relief valve is the Surplus Valve which is
required to reduce the delivery pressure of the HPSW pumps into the
main to the design working pressure when the pump is on low demand.
The design of this special valve is such that consultation with MOD(PE)
and the valve manufacturer is essential to ensure that the final design
results in an effective valve that meets the design requirements. See
Clause 0703.

1019. Where the system design, extent and arrangement makes it unlikely that
the system will be operated with all or the majority of the branch
discharges shut-off only a partial flow relief valve is to be provided
to prevent excess pressure. Where the above conditions are not
obtainable, a full bore relief valve is to be provided.

59
NES 719
Issue 2

'.
1020. The requirements for relief valves are as follows:

a. The valve full open pressure is to be 1.4 times the working

pressure of the component.

b. The pressure range of the valve from commencing to lift to valve

full open, is to be in the range 5% to 15% of the full open
pressure depending on the system working pressure level ie 5% for
high pressure (7 bar) systems and 15% for low pressure (I bar)
systems; the pressure range is to be rounded up or down to 0.3,
0.1 or 1 bar.

c. The valve is to be capable of passing the flow rate appropriate

to the valve full open pressures. Typical examples of the type
of characteristics to be constructed by the system designer are
shown in Figures 18 and 19 for full bore relief valves and
Figure 20 for partial bore flow relief valves.

d. The relief valve system (ie the discharge pipework from the
valve) pressure loss, at the flow rate appropriate to the valve
full open pressure, is to be considered when specifying relief
valves. In general a system loss of less than 10% of the valve
pressure loss at this flow rate is considered to be acceptable.
Where the relief valve is set in the ship the downstream system
pressure loss is to be represented when the valve is tested in a
test rig.

e. Where a relief valve is located below the waterline the pressure

exerted by the height of water above the valve is to be taken
into account when specifying the valve operating pressures.
may be
1021. Using the foregoing requirements the required relief valve
selected from NES 360.

1022. In manned compartments, relief valves are to discharge to an

atmospheric drain line to bilge sumps; the discharges are to be readily
visible.
overboard.
1023. In unmanned compartments, relief valves are to discharge
Any-isolating valve located between the relief valve and the ship side
is to be pinned. open. Where- the discharge overboard is below the
waterline, thet discharge is to indiude a sight flow glass' and a
glass and
non-return swing check valve located between the sight flow
overboard discharge valve.
from an
1024. Reducing Valves. Reducing valves may be provided in a supply
HPSW System to a LPSW System where there are valid reasons for
maintaining the pressure in the LPSW System within close limits.
reducing
Ministry approval is to be obtained for each proposal to fit a
valve.
360
1025. Where reducing valves are used, they are to be selected from NES
and are to be suitable for use in sea water. If there is no suitable
Ministry.
reducing valve in NES 360 the matter is to be referred to the
is to be
1026. Where a reducing valve is fitted in a system, a relief valve
relief valve
provided downstream of the reducing valve. In sizing the
an open area to
the reducing valve is to be treated as an orifice with
flow equal to that of the valve in the FULLY OPEN position.
60
 NES 719
Issue 2

1027. Valves up to 50mm bore may be mounted directly on to the hull in all
positions (see Clause 1318). Valves over 50mm bore may also be
mounted directly on to the hull when fitted above the RED waterline.
For positions below the RED waterline, valves over 50mm bore are to
be mounted on short sea tubes which can be incorporated into the hull
framing by additional stiffening. Sea chestsare to-be specified
as the hull when applying these rules.

-02 )
ORIFICE P: QCURVE (APc

j/ (INCLUDING ALLOWANCE FOR PIPE* I

•.. MAXIMUM SUPPLY PRESSURE

0ORIFICE P.D.
FULh RV DESIGN FLOW u taCAT., A

OPEN E=V 6 1-4 X WORKING

RELIEF (BUT SEE 1021)

VALVE
PRESSURE
RANGE VALVE CHARACTERISTIC
/W RKING

RV STARTS TO LIFT PRESSURE

AS 0 REDUCES & I (W P)

S(A)

i RV( SYSTEM RESISTANCE

EXCLUDING RV)
/ (B)I

FLOW
QRV as

NOTE:- INGENERAL (B) TO BE LESS THAN 10% OF (A)

"PIPE LOSS BETWEEN ORIFICE AND V.

FIGURE 18 - P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR HPSW/ORIFICE SUPPLY WITH FULL

BORE RELIEF VALVE SEE CLAUSE 1020.c

61
 xEs 719
issue 2

RELIEF VALVE DESIGN FLOW

RELIEF 1.1 WORKING PRESSURE

VALVE RELIEF VALVE H:Q
PRESSURE
RANGE
PUMP DESIGN FLOW_

WORKIN
" ~PRESNSURE" !

Ln

0" SYSTEM DESIGN FLOW

FLOW (Q)

FIGURE 19 -P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR PUMP' SUPPLY WITH FULL

BORE RELIEF VALVE)
SEE CLAUSE 1020. c

62
 NES 719
Issue 2

SYSTEM RESISTANCE
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE NUMBER
MARGIN OF LEGS SHUT

" MAXIMUM SUPPLY PRESSURE TO ORIFICE

: ""R.V. DESIGN
RV FUL L FLOW
OPEN ,NARC,
REUEF VALVE CURVE 1.4x WORKING PRESSURE
OPERATING (BT SEE 1021)
PRESSURE
RANGE

(PRESSURAT V TRS LF
DELIVERY OPRESSURE
SIDE OF SYSTEM RESISTACEPRSUE
ORIFICE) SOE P UT I

,C
FLOW (Q) QS

NOTE:- SEE ALSO FIG 18

FOR METHOD OF
ESTABLISHING ORIFICE
A P AND Q

FIGURE 20 - P:Q CHARACTERISTICS FOR HPSW/ORIFICE SUPPLY WITH

PARTIAL FLOW RELIEF VALVE
SEE CLAUSE 1020.c

63
NES 719

Issue 2

11. P I P E W 0 R K

Design

1101. Pipes should be formed by bending to at least 3D, taken to the centre
line of the pipe whenever practicable. The requirements for the
bending of metallic pipes is given in NES 743 Part 1. In cases of
extreme limitations, pre-formed elbows of 2D or cast gunmetal bends as
specified in BR 3013(2) may be used.

1102. Wherever branch pipes are to be fitted the appropriate fitting

specified in BR 3013(2) may be used.

1103. Bends are to be of the largest practicable radius. The minimum radius
for bends is given in Clause 1101. Short stiff bends are to be avoided
particularly in positions likely to be subjected to vibration.

1104. Straight piping of at least six diameters in length is to be fitted

downstream of all turbulence-raising components, for example throttling
and reducing valves, orifices, bends and tees, as required by
Clause 1191.

1105. At least one bend is to be introduced into the suction line between the
pump and the sea inlet to reduce transmission of pump noise to the sea.

1106. Changes in pipe bore are to be effected by tapered tansition pieces.

Correct alignment and due allowance for expansion is essential.

1107. Inlet piping to relief valves is to be short and direct. Stop valves
are not to be fitted between the equipments or piping being protected
and the relief valve.

1108. Where pipes are taken through the bulkheads they are to be generally
curved or other arrangements made to ensure that such pipes will not
form a rigid connection between the bulkhead and internal structure.
Where straight lengths are unavoidable flexible rubber expansion pieces
to
are to be fitted. Rigid pipe supports from the ship's structure are
be fitted to the pipework about 100mm clear of the connecting flange
each side of the rubber expansion piece to ensure correct alignment
at
axially yet allow the longitudinal movement induced by ship movement
sea. For assembly and testing'precautions see DG Ships 6969 & 6970.
shop
1109. Where practicable, piping layouts are to be designed to permit
prefabrication as far as possible. In such designs, an adequate number
Closing lengths are to be
of closing lengths is to be incorporated.
made to template.
as far
1110. In all sea water systems the straight portions are to be worked
as possible in standard lengths, convenient for dismantling.

1111. Reliability is to be designed into systems by considering the

following:

a. Providing isolating valves in all branches to and from a main at

their junctions with the main.

64
 NES 719
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b. Siting isolating valves at those junctions where they will be

most effective in limiting the effects of pipe failure, eg in the
ring main at each side of pump riser.

c. Arranging the inlet and outlet branches to pairs of sea water

cooled equipmentwhich are vital, eg lub oil pumps and also fuel
oil pumps, to be independent of each other.

NOTES:

1. a. above affords maximum protection to the main.

2. c. above reduces the risk of flow stoppage to vital equipment due

to the premature failure of small bore (80mm and below) piping.

1112. No electrical installation is to be earthed to any sea water system and

electrical cables or associated fittings are not to be attached to' such
piping. Bonding strips are not to be fitted across flanges (see BR3001).

1113. The system resistance of the suction pipework is not to exceed the pump
nett positive suction head under any pump operating condition, see
Clauses 0917 to 0922.

1114. System Characteristics. A system characteristic is a relationship

between head and flow rate; the head may be in two components, namely
friction head loss and head loss due to change in fluid height ie 'head
above waterline'. In sea water systems the flow is invariably
turbulent and the friction head loss against flow rate relationship
takes the form::
Hf varies directly as Q2

where Hf is the friction head loss

and Q is the flow rate.

1115. System characteristics are conveniently split into three parts as

I, follows:

a. An overall system characteristic, based on the equipment with the

highest head loss and which therefore dictates the total system
head loss, for establishing the pump duty and for combining with
a pump characteristic.

b. A NPSH available curve for comparison with the pump NPSH required
curve to ensure than an adequate margin exists, see Clause 0812.

c. Characteristics for each equipment branch so that the effect of

isolating branches and system priming can be observed.
on a
1116. Figure 21 shows how to build-up an overall system characteristic
percentage basis for establishing a pump duty. The overall
characteristic combines:

a. The suction pipework losses.

b. The discharge pipework losses which are common to alt branches.

c. The equipment loss including any loss through the branch.

65
NES 719
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is required to be included in a system

1117. Where a 'head above waterline' modified by adding the "head
then the system characteristic is to be
and changing the scale of the
above waterline" below the abscissa
ordinate as shown in Figure 22.
characteristic which is to
1118. Figure 23 shows the type of overall-system
system.
be constructed for a multi-branch
to be constructed where
1119. Figure 24 shows the type of H:Q characteristics
is located above the waterline. The
the outlet of one of the branches system head losses for
same procedure is adopted when estimating
before the syphonic branch is
syphonic systems during start-up and
in Clauses 0813 to 0820
primed. Syphonic systems are described
inclusive.
for maximum duty conditions at the
1120. Flow rates are to be calculated
to the characteristic of the pumps
temperature specified, having regard
to be sized such that the mean
and the loads to be met. The pipes are
are not to be exceeded. Where
water speeds as given in Clause 1123
the correct flow in all
possible the pipework is to be sized to give devices. Pipe siz is to
branches without the use of flow regulating or operational conditions
criteria
be based on the above unless other
particular system require other considerations.
specified for a
and
effort is to be made to save weight
1121. When sizing the piping every
of the requirements of the system.
space by the accurate assessments
are to conform to SDP 25.
System pressure loss calculations

Water Speeds
from flow rates for maximum duty
1122. Water speeds are to be calculated for each system.
conditions at the temperatures specified
on
copper-nickel-iron pipework based
1123. The water speed through 90/10 given in Table 2:
to exceed the values
minim- pipe bore sizes, is not
oom
below10 41 54 72 84 &
Avrage 14 18 22 27 35
pipe 10 10 abov
bore
m

1.85 2.0 2.15 2.35 2.6 2.75 3.0

speed 0.6 0.9 1.25 1.5 1.65

TABLE 2. MAXIMUM WATER SPEEDS

to
gunmetal or steel pipework is not
1124. The maximum water speed through
exceed 3 m/s.
not
maximum water speed through high impact rigid PVC pipework is
1125. The
to exceed 3 m/s.

66
 NES 719
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1126. Where extrusions and right angled tee pieces are used in a system the
following water speed limitations apply:

a. No limitation on an intermittent flowing system where the system

is functioning for not more than 50% of the ship's running life.

b. No limitation on continuous flowing systems for piping'of 100mm

nominal size and above.

c. 70% of the permissible maximum water speed for continuous flowing

system piping of 80mm nominal size and below.

1127. The maximum and minimum permissible water speeds through cooler tubes
are specified in NES 329. The minimum water speed should be as high as
practicable to prevent/minimise fouling build-up; the designer should
aim at a design target minimum water speed of 1 m/s. The conditions at
which the water speed is assessed is normally to be that of maximum
specified duty. In the case of coolers involving temperature control
by restriction of water flow, this will be the maximum water speed
experienced. Maximum water speeds are specified to prevent premature
system failure due to erosion/corrosion. Minimum water speeds are
specified to prevent fouling. Fouling could interfere with the
designed heat transfer of the system and may cause premature failing of
the tubes due to localised erosion/corrosion.

1128. Experience indicates that for fluids with poor partial heat transfer
coefficients, such as lub oil, fuel oil and air, the use of water
speeds of I m/s and above through cooler tubes will probably increase
the quantity of sea water flow and increase the size of the pipe bore
of the fluid pipework without achieving any worthwhile reduction in
cooler size.

1129. The minimum tube water speeds refer to operation at full output.
Examples of system installations whereby even lower tube water speeds
would occur at lower powers and/or seas colder than the design sea
temperature are as follows:

- a. System supplied by main engine driven pumps whose output is

directly proportional to main engine speed.

b. Installations where fluid temperature is controlled by throttling

the sea water flow.

1130. The water speed through tubes/pipes may be calculated using the
following equation:-

V =Q x 353.6
2
d

where

V = tube/pipe water speed (m/s)

d = tube/pipe bore (mm)
Q = flow through tube/pipe (m3/h)

67
NES 719
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1131. Table 4 provides a ready means for establishing pipe bores for )
variations in supply pressures ranging from 0 to 80%. The figure also
includes an example of how to use the Table.

1132. The consistent use of water speeds approaching the maximum permissible
is to be avoided where it would lead to a substantial pressure loss
imbalance across the equipment branches and an unnecessarily high
overall system pressure loss. Annex B gives an example illustrating
the above aspect.

1133. For the pressure testing of systems and components, see Section 19.

Arrangement

1134. Piping is to be arranged in a neat, orderly manner and is to be as

short as is consistent with requirements for installation, operational
access, flexibility, expansion, and ease of maintenance. The number of
bends, branches and other fittings is to be kept to a minimum consistent
with this policy. Wherever possible, flanges and fittings in parallel
systems are to be staggered.
in
1135. All piping is to be readily accessible and is to permit free passage
walking areas and performance of work in designated working areas.
Piping is to be arranged to permit maintenance of ship structure.

1136. Piping is to be arranged to allow for insulation as required in

accordance with NES 703.

1137. Piping is to be portable in way of machinery and equipments that

require dismantling for periodic overhaul and wherever necessary for
access to other equipment. Reference is to be made to NES 302.
1138. Piping runs are to be kept clear of the following to allow for shock
movement, access for construction, maintenance etc:

a. foot of bulkheads

b. bulkhead stiffeners 9
c. deck beams

d. plating butts and seams

e. underside of hatch openings

f. machinery removal routes

1139. Piping is to be run to avoid it being used as handholds.

1140. Wherever practicable pipes are not to pass through electrical

electronic
distribution centres or compartments containing switchboards,
circuits and other large non-watertight electrical equipment. If this
is not possible the piping is to be arranged to have no joints or
be essential to have joints
valves within the compartments. Should it
must be obtained as
or valves within the compartment MOD QAR agreement
shields and/or drip
to the acceptable siting of these,and deflectors,
trays are to be fitted to protect the equipment from leaks/or spray.

68
 NES 719
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1141. All ferrous and non-ferrous pipes are to be kept clear of aluminium
alloy structure. At least 13mm is to be provided between the pipes or
the pipe insulation and the structure.

1142. Non-ferrous metallic piping is not to be introduced into any part of

the ship-so low as to come into contactvwith-bilge water. Where this
is unavoidable the external surfaces of the pipes are to be treated as
laid down in the NES 341 and NES 765 to prevent galvanic action in the
bilges from copper tainted water.

1143. For the reasons given in Clause 1142, tail pipes, strum boxes, filling
pipes, inside steel tanks are to be of steel which is to be hot dipped
galvanised in accordance with Clause 1326 upon completion of all
welding and any other constructional work.

1144. Unnecessary high and low points are to be avoided; where these are
unavoidable, vents and drains as appropriate are to be provided. For
the provision of air vents and drains, see Clauses 1178 to 1182
inclusive.

1145. Open ends of relief valve discharges are to be readily seen and are to
be arranged to preclude injury to personnel and damage to machinery by
the discharged fluid.

1146. Pump relief valve discharges and temperature control valve by-pass
discharges into pump suction pipes are to be sited so that the valves
are as far from the pump inlet as possible to avoid cavitation.

1147. The penetration .of bulkheads or other ship structure below the RED
waterline that affects the ship's watertight integrity is to be
referred to the Ministry for approval.

1148. Joining flanges of pipes passing through decks are to be so arranged

that they are at least 150mm clear of decks.

1149. Pipes are to be cased in where required.

, -tIdentification/Colour Marking

1150. Piping, rod gearing and spindles are to be marked for system
identification purposes by painting with a specified colour or by the
use of adhesive plastic tapes with the service printed on the specified
background colour in accordance with the details given in Form S1188.

1151. Branch pipes from the HPSW Main for fire fighting services are to be
painted SIGNAL RED to BS 381c shade number 537 throughout their length.

Fittings

1152. Joints and Jointing are to be in accordance with BR 3013(2).

1153. Copper nickel alloy pipes are to be connected generally by:

a. flanges to BR 3013(2).

b. buttweldingin accordance with the documents referred to in

Clause 1158.

69
NES 719
Issue 2

C. Brazed cone union fittings up to and including 38mm OD in (

accordance with BR 3013(2).

d. Capillary type fittings up to and including 38mm OD in accordance

with BR 3013(2).

1154. Galvanised and ungalvanised steel pipes up to and including 42mm pipe
size are to be connected by screwed sleeves. Long screws, bends and
springs and return bends are to be in accordance with BS 1387 to allow
for parallel screwing. Pipes and fittings are to be selected from
BR 3013(2) and BS 1387.

1155. Steel pipes above 42mm pipe size are to be connected by butt welded
joints, sleeve welded joints, or by flanges welded to the pipes. Except
for the final weld on the sleeve welded joint all welding and machining
is to be completed prior to any galvanising being carried out. Pipes
are to be selected from BR 3013(2).

1156. The number of flanges or screwed union joints in a system is to be

reduced to the minimum acceptable for ship-fitting and dismantling
purposes.

1157. Flanges or other breakable connections are to be used where

installation or space considerations preclude welding. The following
fasteners to Table 3 are to be used:
a. Aluminium bronze bolts and nuts for connecting flanges of
copper nickel piping and for gunmetal fittings to galvanised
steel flanges.

b. Zinc plated nuts and bolts/studs for connecting flanges of

galvanised steel piping and all valves or fittings to the hull
either directly on to inserts or on to sea tubes.

1158. The welding or brazing and checking of pipes is to be in accordance

with DG Ships/PS/9020, NES 708, NES 729, NES 772 and NES 773.

1159. Wherever welded joints are proposed to save weight and space, care is
to be taken to ensure that the joints are located in positions where
welding and testing is possible.

1160. The greatest care is to be taken to ensure that mating flanges are
parallel and truly aligned before bolting up. Care is also to be taken
to ensure that accurate aligiment of capillary brazed joints and joints
made with screwed union fittings. Accordingly closing lengths of
piping, or single lengths of pipe, are to be made to template.

1161. Joints are to be selected and positioned to facilitate access to and

removal of machinery and equipments. Wherever possible joints are to
be so arranged that any leakage from them will not damage equipment or
constitute a hazard or endanger personnel.

1162. Where screwed hose connections are fitted they are to be provided with
screwed caps or plugs secured by chain to a suitable fixture. The
chain and its end-connections are to be of a secure (non-openable link)
design.

70
 NES 719
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1163. Compression fittings are not to be used with any steel piping nor with
copper nickel alloy pipes in sea water systems, except in instances
where connections may be required directly onto toilet flushing valves.
Capillary type fittings may only be used on copper nickel alloy pipes
but not in positions where operation of a blow lamp on piping may
result in damage to adjacent fittig& or when-pipe-joints cannot be made
satisfactorily in place. In such cases either a flanged joint is to be
used or the system redesigned to permit satisfactory access.

1164. Branch pipes are to be connected to the main leads by gunmetal tee
pieces (angle or swept) or extruded tees (see Clause 0716). Fittings
are to be selected from BR 3013(2). Reducing branches are to be
tapered. The use of the "Scotch" (cup socket) and brazed "saddle
branch" is not permitted in any circumstances. Attention is drawn to
the limitation on water speed for extrusions and right angled tee
pieces, see Clause 1126.

1165. The joints of pipes, valves and fittings are not to be made at
bulkheads or decks but are to be so arranged that any joint can be
remade from one side of the bulkhead or deck only or it is to be
arranged at least 150mm clear of the deck/bulkhead: any flange con-
nection necessary to the bulkhead or deck is to be made entirely
independent of the pipe joint, (see Clause 1176).

1166. Generally "dry pipes" of steel such as sounding tubes, air escapes,
overflows or weather deck drains where they penetrate boundaries are to
be welded to a sleeved deck piece which in turn is to be welded to the
steel structure. In way of aluminium structure only galvanised steel
sleeve bulkhead/deck pieces as Clause 1175 are to be used. Fastening
to the aluminium is to be by zinc plated steel bolts dipped in Jeffery's
Sealing Compound, barium chromate inhibited, and the interfaces treated
and sealed using calico or similar insulant with Jeffery's Sealing
Compound in accordance with the requirements of NES 110.

1167. Where a non-ferrous metallic system is joined to a ferrous suction pipe

(eg at a tank or compartment side), galvanic insulation is to be made
at the connecting flange by non-conducting bushes and jointing and at
the next adjacent flange from the tank (at least 0.75m away). Bushes
and washers to fasteners are to be a minimum thickness of 2mm and the
jointing between flange faces is to be 13mm thick. See NES 704 Part 3,
Section 8.

1168. All joint rings are to be ordered from the manufacturer as pre-cut
joints. Jointing material and dimensions are to be in accordance with
BR 3013(2) Section 3. Rubberised cork gaskets are not to be coated
with jointing paste.

1169. Pipe Supports - Sea water systems are to be supported and located by
pipe clips designed and fitted in accordance with BER 3021. Pipe clips
are to be lined with rubber where the system is subject to vibration.

1170. The number of pipe supports shall prevent excessive vibration but
should not restrain the pipes so as to cause excessive transfer of load
from structure to pipes and pipe joints.

1171. The positioning of the pipes and supports is to take into account the
designed deflections of system components under shock; due account is
to be taken of the deflection of the supporting structure and
surrounding equipment under the shock load.
71
NES 719
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1172. Pipework adjoining flexible assemblies is to be supported as close as K

possible to the flexible pipe. The supports are to be installed to
prevent such misalignment of the flexible assembly as to cause the
transmission of excessive forces to the connected machinery or
equipment.

1173. Where pipes are attached to structure likely to be affected by gunblast

the pipe hangers are to be closely spaced and well secured.

1174. Isolating pipe hangers are to be fitted as required by DG Ships 591.

1175. Bulkhead and Deck Fittings. Where system flanged pipes are used the
watertight bulkhead and deck connections are to be in accordance with
BR 3013(2). Adequate compensation of the structure by insert pieces is
to be worked in way of the penetration to ensure that the stress
concentration factor is commensurate with the working stress in the
area concerned. Riveted or welded doublers are not to be used.
Galvanised mild steel sleeves with flanges may be used as bulkhead or
deck pieces. Where the through pipe of the system is not less than .)
2.5-m it is to be sealed to the sleeve by welding. Where the thickness
is less than 2.sm the connection is to be by brazing.

1176. Flexible Connections. For the requirements of flexible connections,

see DG Ships 6969 and DG Ships 6970. Flexible connections are to
be used.

a. Between fixed and moving parts of machinery.

b. To accommodate movement of resiliently mounted equipments.

c. To accommodate movement induced by ships structure on straight

lengths of piping worked between main transverse bulkheads.

1177. Strainers. For the requirements of strainers see NES 321 and NES 748.
Strainers are to be provided:

a. In all sea water systems to safeguard pumps from the ingress of

water borne debris.

b. in sea water systems, when fitted with centrifugal pumps,

strainers are to be duplicated and located between sea inlet
valves and the pumps on:

(1) Gas turbo generating sets.

(2) Diesel generating sets.

(3) Air conditioning plants above 150kW.

(4) Control air compressors.

(5) Machinery compartment auxiliaries.

(6) Such other systems where an emergency supply from the HPSW
System would be inadequate.

72
 NES 711
issue

C. Where the circulating systems are supplied by a pump of the axial

flow type, strainers may be located in each discharge branch from
the pump instead of the pump suction.

d. At the inlets to systems/equipments which require to be protected

to a finer degree thanthat provided by a suction-strainer.lie
those having components such as constant flow control valves,
venturi meter, orifice plates.

e. For strainers to standpipes for portable pumps see NES 119.

Air Venting and Draining

speed is above
1178. System pipework is self-venting providing the pipe water
massive recirculation.
1 m/s and providing the system does not include
low to
Arrangements in which the water speeds are likely to be too
ensure self venting are as follows:
engines
a. Systems supplied by pumps directly driven from the main
(when the main engines are operating at low speeds), and
of the
b. Systems/branches which include temperature control devices
water throttling type.
point in each system;
1179. A vent connection is to be fitted at each high
eliminator or a
either an ON/OFF ball/plug valve and automatic air
least 16mm
locked-open ON/OFF ball/plug valve with an open vent of at
are to be
nominal size is to be fitted. Where practicable, the vents
discharged directly into the compartment.
is to be run
1180. Where air vents are fitted in a system, the piping
Bends
steadily upwards to the air vent opening to assist venting.
likely to form air pockets are to be avoided.
and strainers
1181. The air vents and drain connections for pumps, coolers
are specified in NES 327, NES 329 and NES 321 respectively.
to be arranged with
1182. Where practical, for heat exchangers, branches are
and with the tube
the inlet at the bottom and the outlet at the top
the equipment is
axes raked to the normal lie of the ship so that
the top df the
self-venting. Each outlet is to be takenupwards from
from the waterbox is
waterbox or looped upwards if a horizontal outlet
exchanger runs
provided, to assist venting and to ensure that the heat
located above the
full. This is particularly important if the unit is
waterline.

Materials

1183. Acceptable materials are given in Table 3.

in sea water systems.
1184. Steel corrosion pieces are not to be fitted
in contact with sea water.
1185. Naval brass is not to be used for components
be submitted for approval.
1186. Any proposal to use new materials is to
can be obtained from BR 1254.
1187. Guidance on the selection of materials

73
NES 719
Issue 2

Item Material Remarks

All SW System Pipework 90/10 Copper-Nickel alloy BR 3013(2)

outside of tanks P (to DG Ships 271)

Pipework inside of Steel HFS or CFS Grade 360 to To be hot dipped

tanks eg tail pipes, BS 3602 galvanised after
sounding tubes all welding and
machining.
See Clause 1329

Flanges Gunmetal to DG Ships 203 See BR 3013(2)

Steel to BS 1501 or BS 1503
See BR 3013(2)
Bends and fittings
including bulkhead )
pieces

Valve bodies. Gunmetal to DG Ships 203 See NES 360

Other system fittings See BR 3013(2)
Bonnets Mild Steel. Galvanised after
manufacture
Gratings Galvanised Steel (See Clause
1326)

Orifices Polypenco monocast nylon

Expansion bellows DG Ships 6969

Standard rubber & Aq70
flexible elbows and
hose assemblies
Strainer bodies See NES 321
Strainer plates

Salvage suction See NES 321

Strainer plates

Bolts and Nuts Steel Fasteners to BS 3692, See NES 730

zinc plated in accordance with
BS 3382 for diameters up to M18
and BS 1706 Zn3 for diameters
above M18.
Non-ferrous HT aluminium-bronze See BR 3013(2)
to DG Ships 1043

Clips Mild steel rubber lined Clips located in

bilge area to be
see Clause 1169 hot dipped
galvanised

TABLE 3 - TABLE OF PREFERRED MATERIALS

74
 NES 719
Issue 2

Cavitation and Erosion

1188. Cavitation ie the forming and sudden collapsing of cavities filledwith

water vapour can occur wherever the local pressure falls below the
water vapour pressure eg in pump suctions and downstream of throttling
devices. Cavitation can lead to-noise-and damage (loss of material)
and additionally in pumps to loss of performance and vibration. In
pumps, cavitation is to be avoided by ensuring that the NPSH available
is greater than the pump NPSH required.

1189. To avoid cavitation in areas of low pressure (ie pump suctions), pump
as
relief/by pass valve returns to the suction line are to be located
far as possible and at least 10 pipe diameters from the pump suction
flange.

1190. Erosion damage is caused by too high a water speed either general
overspeed or local overspeed. General fluid overspeed can be avoided
by following the rules specified in Clauses 1122 to 1133.

1191. Local fluid overspeed is to be minimised by the careful design and

erection of the system especially to ensure correct alignment as
required by Clause 1160. For guidance on the design of systems and
selection of components see Clauses 1101 to 1113. All turbulence
raising components such as bends, tee pieces, reducing valves and flow
control devices are to have straight piping of at least 6D length
be
downstream of each component. Take-offs for heat exchangers are to
preceded by a straight length of pipe at least IOD in length.

Corrosion
the effects of
1192. For the design of sea water systems to avoid/minimise
corrosion, see BR 1254.

Manufacture
and the degree
1193. General. The working speeds, combined with the pressure
of flexibility of operation called for, necessitate meticulous
attention to materials and detail of design and call for the highest
throughout
standards of workmanship, finish, cleanliness and inspection
construction.

1194. Castings are to conform to the requirements of NES 745: :

be to
a. Check valves used in association with hull valves are to
the same classification requirements that apply to the hull
valve.

b. To differentiate hull valves from other valves of identical

stress
design the hull valve should be marked HULL ONLY in a low
area.
to cover
1195. Welding. The following documents are to be followed
specialised application of welding (see Clause 0201):

NES's 706, 729, 745, 769, 771, 772 and 773, and DG Ships/PS/9020.

The requirements of these documents are mandatory.

75
NES 719
Issue 2

1196. Brazing is to be in accordance with NES 708.

1197. Pipe Manipulation. Bending of pipes is to be in accordance with

NES 743.

76
 NES 719
Issue 2

60
EQUIPMENT DESIGN FLOW RATE PLUS MARGIN

50 D

HxO.c .
40 COMPONENT HEAD LOSS
4' I

* .30 C
C3

20 B

10

0 25 50 75 100
FLOW RATE%
125

UTY
100 OVERALL SYSTEM HEAD LOSS POINT

o75 OVERALL SYSTEM

a CHARACTERISTIC

50 H-K Q2< ca
J. .

25

0 25 50 75 100
FLOW RATE %
SUCTION PUMP ,_DISCHARGEI I DISCHARGE I

TYPICAL SYSTEM

FIGURE 21 - HEAD:FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SIMPLE SYSTEM

SEE CLAUSE 1116

77
NES 71'9
Issue 2

10

10 8

8--6
uiH
FRICTION
Q2 LOSSES
tti
tA
LA

C3

ol
-rz
'-I
CD 4-

L 20 4O 60 80 100
SFLOW RATE (m3/1h)

0- HEAD ABOVE WATEI .NE

wi

WLHEAD ABOVE WATERLINE

PUMP

SYSTEM WITH HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE

FIGURE 22 - HEAD:FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SYSTEM

WITH A '.HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE'

SEE CLAUSE 1117 -*

78
 NES 719
Issue 2

DTO E OTOF

BRANCHES

SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTIC.

DUTY
POINT

a:-
O*FQ

... A TO B

FLOWTION
TOTAL DESIG

FLOW RAT E-- --

PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING SYSTEM CIARACTERISTI CS.
I-
I ASSUME A HEAD E.G.H WL
-WLWL
2 DRAW DOTTED HORIZONTAL UNE AT H'AS SHOWN.
3. THE INTERSECTION WITH BRANOI CHARACTERISTIC
GIVES FLOW IN BRANCH FOR K'
4 ADD BRANCH FLOWS TO OBTAIN -SYSTEM FLOW C D HE Q OF E
0.'WITH H' ACROSS BRANCHES. F
5 DRAW DOTTED VERTICAL LINE AT Q.; THE INTERSECT. O PU 1
A TO B AND DISH.
OF DOTTED LINE WITH SUCTION
H.AB'& H.CD' AT Q
C TO D CHARCS. GIVES HEAD
AT FLOW O.'
6 ADD H.AB & H.CO TO H TO GIVE THE HEAD REQUIRED
7 REPEAT FOR H H ETC. TO COMPLETE CHARACTERISTIC.
2, 3

NOTE :-
(1) Oc=EQUIPMENT MAKERS FLOW RATE
2
PLUS MARGIN.
LAW H"
01) ALL CURVES FOLLOW

A MULTI BRANCH
FIGURE 23 - HEAD:FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR
SYSTEM WITH NO HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE
SEE CLAUSE 1118

79
NES 719
issue 2

ST 0
LDUTY POINT.
O. DG

< a F
+
mfl

ER 9
C

I'
< = D' D"QG

2 *?POIT OF INLETTIO
3 A C TOTAL DESIGN FLOW= .
FLOW RATE -- - - -C

NOTE PE
FQ EQUIPMENT MAKERS FLOW RATE HEAD ABOVEKANC
PLUS MARGIN. WATER LINE WL
-.I+=POINT OF INFLECTION -'- -
3 ALL CURVES FOLLOW LAW Hw (12

THE DOTTED LINES SHOW THE METHOD U

SYSTEM HEAD: FLW CHARACTER11GS
THE 013TAINING
OF PROCEDURE IS THE SAME AS SHOWN ,
ON FIG 21. A

FIGURE 24 - HEAD :FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR A MULTI-BRANCH.,:.

SYSTEM INCLUDING A HEAD ABOVE WATERLINE ..
SEE CLAUSE 1119

80
 NES 719
Issue 2

Example on use of TABLE 4

Given information

minimum system supply pressure = 6 bar

maximum system supply pressure

(ie 50% pressure range) = 9 bar

equipment design flow rate at 3

minimum pressure 7m3/h

From Table:

pipe size required to ensure that

the maximum permissible water
speed of 2.15 m/s is not exceeded 41.5mm

By proportion from Table:

actual speed in pipe at

equipment design how = 2.15 x 7 1.44 m/s
minimum pressure 10.47
actual speed in pipe at maximum
pressure = 2.18 x 7 1.76 =Ratio of max
8.55 flow at 9 bar
to minimum
flow at 6 bar
ie at 50%.

81/82
 NES 719
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MAXIMUM FLORATE m3/h AT MINIMUM DISCHARGE PRESSURE

Pipe Permiss Zero 10%
Bore Wer
Water Pressure Pressure 20%
Pressure 30%
Pressure 40%
Pressure 50% 80%
Pressure Pressure
m/s Range Range Range Range Range Range Range

14.0 1.25 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.56 7' 0.52

18.0 1.5 1.37 1.31 1.35 1.21 1.16 1.12 1.02

22.0 1.65 2.25 2.15 2.06 1.98 1.91 1.84 1.68

27.0 1.85 3.81 3.64 3.48 3.34 3.22 3.11 2.84

35.0 2.0 6.93 6.60 6.32 6.08 5.85 5.66 5.16

41.5 2.15 10.47 9.98 9.56 9.18 8.85 8.55 7.80

54.2 2.35 19.52 18.52 17.82 17.12 16.50 15.94 14.55

72.2 2.6 38.32 36.54 34.98 33.61 32.39 31.29 28.56

84.1 2.75 54.99 52.43 50.20 43.23 46.48 44.90 40.99

103.1 90.16 85.97 82.31 79.08 76.20 73.62 67.20

128.4 139.84 133.34 127.66 122.65 118.19 114.18 104.23

154.4 202.21 192.80 184.59 177.35 170.90 165.11 150.72

188.4 301.08 287.06 274.84 264.06 254.46 245.83 224.41

213.1 3.0 385.19 367.27 351.63 337.84 335.55 314.51 287.11

261.2 578.71 551.78 528.29 507.56 489.10 472.51 431.34

Q 314.9 841.12 801.98 767.86 737.71 710.88 686.77 626.93

359.9 1098.70 1047.58 1003.01 963.63 928.58 897.09 818.92

440.0 1357.17 1294.02 1238.97 1190.32 1147.02 1108.13 1011.58

Where Pressure Range Max supply pressure min supply pressure

minimum supply pressure

NOTE:- (i) 7 At this point the water speed falls below minimum allowable given in Clause 1123 specific approval is
required to exceed this pressure range for this size of pipe.

TABLE 4 - PIPE BORE : FLOW RELATIONSHIP FOR

VARIOUS PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS

SEE CLAUSE 1131

83/84
 NES 719
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12. ZLS,_.W__Q.,_._,_,_,L

Requirements of Flow Control

1201. The flow of sea water in a system is to be controlled to ensure that:

a. Each equipment is provided with at least the design sea water

requirements at all conditions of operation.

b. The maximum permissible water speeds are not exceeded at extreme

operating conditions, see Clauses 1122 to 1133 inclusive.

c. In some cases the water speeds do not fall below the minimum
permissible water speeds at extreme operating conditions, see
Clauses 1127 to 1129 inclusive.

1202. Factors to be taken into account in assessing the flow rates in a sea
water system are:

a. Variation in supply pressure, eg supply from IPSW System where

the demand from other users changes frequently and widely,
resulting in the supply system operating normally over a wide but
acceptable pressure range.

b. Isolating equipment in the system, eg to conserve water supplies

from the HPSW System or for maintenance purposes and so
significantly affecting pressure losses in the system supplied.

1203. Basically, the flow rate in sea water systems is to be controlled at a

constant flow or within acceptable limits by one of the following
methods:

a. Controlling the supply pressure by either manipulating the number

of pumps in use or by an automatic pressure regulating valve.

b. Matching the pump and system characteristics and the method of

system operation; this arrangement is usually restricted to
simple one pump systems.

c. Providing automatic flow control devices in the branches of each

equipment.

1204. Correct flow distribution to each equipment in methods a. and b. of

Clause 1203 cannot be achieved by pipe sizing only, except by chance.
In consequence, in these arrangements the design flow rates are to be
obtained by including a fixed opening flow control device such as an
orifice or a diaphragm glandless valve in each equipment branch.

Flow Control Devices General

1205. The flow control devices, excluding temperature control devices, used
in Naval cooling systems are in general suitable for a working pressure
gauge up to 10 bar. They are as follows:

85
NES 719
Issue 2

a. Orifices - Fixed opening devices.

b. Diaphragm glandless valves - Fixed opening devices, when set.

c. Constant flow control valves - Automatically variable opening

devices.

1206. Typical examples of the use of these main types of flow devices
together with their advantages and disadvantages and suggestions as to
when and where to use the various flow control devices are outlined in
Clauses 1207-1240. Combinations of the various devices can be used in
system design.

1207. Consideration is to be given to fitting flow control devices upstream

of heat exchangers when advantage can be taken of their pressure
reducing characteristic to ensure that the sea water pressure in the
heat exchangers is lower than the fluid to be cooled. The arrangement
has the following advantages:

a. The tubes/tube seals are less likely to develop a leak.

b. Any leakage would be from the cooled fluid to the sea water when
the equipment is operating.
the
1208. These devices are to be fitted at least ten pipe diameters from
heat exchanger header inlet flange to reduce risk of poor water
distribution across the heat exchanger stack face and/or tube plate
erosion. See Clause 1191.

1209. Where the equipment is above the waterline and arrangement aspects
in
prevent the outlet rising above the equipment, flow control devices,
of
particular constant flow control valves, are to be fitted downstream
sea water cooled equipment. Constant flow control valves ensure:

a. A positive pressure in the equipment for venting purposes.

b. The equipment and piping up to each valve runs full of water.

Orifices

1210. Orifices are to be of monocast polypenco nylon and are to conform

generally to the requirements of NES 710 and BS1042, but for cost
reasons it will be acceptable for the thickness of the orifice plate as
defined by BS1042 viz:

0.1D when. = less than 0.67

D
O.05D when greater than 0.67

to be increased to the nearest available thickness viz, 6.35, 9.52 or

12.7mm

86
 NES 719
Issue 2

In addition to requiring the inlet edge of the orifice to be sharp the

width of the cylindrical inlet portion is to follow BS1042 ie equal to
but not greater than 0.1d when d is equal to or less than 0.2, equal to
but not greater than 0.02D when d is more than 0.2, provided that width
so calculated is not less than 1.0mm which is considered to be the
minimum acceptable width for this particular usage- - Orifices- may be
designed using the undernoted approximate formula, but for the
associated cavitation problems and a more accurate method of calculation,
see Annex D.

where d =.orifice bore (mm)

Q = flow (m3 /h)
d -10.50 -5H = total head across orifice
(m)

Note: based on a coefficient of discharge of 0.6

1211. Orifices may be of the single plate, multiple plate or opposed type;
see NES 710. Size of orifice is to be arranged so that impingement
corrosion and/or erosion corrosion does not take place, see Annex D.

1212. Advantages of an Orifice are that they are a cheap and simple means of:

a. dissipating excess pressures during normal operating flow

conditions, and

b. providing a metered flow of water when supplied with a sensibly

constant pressure against a sensibly constant back pressure.

1213. Disadvantages of an orifice are:

a. Considerable work load is involved in calculating the size of the

orifices and in subsequent tuning of the system; flanges may have
to be broken and the orifice plate reamed out or replaced.

b. The flow is dependent upon the pressure at the orifice inlet and
at outlet, ie fluctuation in either of these pressures will vary
the flow rate; for example the firemain pressure can vary by 50%
resulting in a change in flow rate of 221% through a HPSW main
supplied orifice.

c. They are noisy if the pressure loss across the orifice is too
high; for the design of orifices to minimise noise see Annex D.

1214. Orifices can be used in the following situations:

a. High pressure pumps/system supplying a low pressure system either

normally or in an emergency.

b. A pump, such as a SYKES unit, oversized for system duty where no

other flow control device is required in the system.

c. Where small flow rates are required eg electric motor cooling.

operate
1215. Where orifices are used, the system is to be designed to
satisfactorily within the full range of supply pressure variations.
For an example see Section 20.

87
NES 719
Issue 2

Diaphragm Glandless Valves 0

1216. Diaphragm glandless valves are to be selected from NES 360.
objects as
1217. Advantaes. Diaphragm glandless valves achieve the same have the
orifices for a greater initial cost. The valves however
following additional advantages:
of a handwheel;
a. The flow area can be readily varied .by manipulation
this arrangement simplifies tuning procedures and also permits
seas.
throttling when operating at reduced power or in cold
and flow
b. They are suitable for the dual purposes of flow control
the
isolation, ie separate isolating valves are not required; that
so
valves are provided with a maximum opening arrangement as the
the design flow is obtained by opening the valves as wide
setting will permit.
valves.
c. They can be opened to clear any blockage of the

1218. Disadvantages. Diaphragm glandless valves have the following.

disadvantages:
valve inlet and
a. The flow is dependent upon the pressure at the
outlet, see Clause 1213(b).
the equipment
b. The setting may be lost during a valve refit; unless
will be out of tune.
branch(es) is retuned the whole system
of orifices for the
1219. Diaphram glandless valves can be used in place
to isolate equipment.
control of flow and have the additional ability
of calculating
To avoid cavitation and subsequent erosion, the method as laid out in
valve,
the maximum acceptable pressure drop across the may be used
Annex D, is to be followed. Diaphram glandless valves
fairly low, or they may
singly, where the pressure drop across them is of the last
in place
be incorporated in a cascade of orifices, usually particularly
the valve
orifice, for fine tuning of a system. This makes
HPSW system
suitable for use in controlling standby supplies from the of equipment
numbers
when the sea water requirements can vary with the
By adjusting the
in use, the unit power and/or the sea temperature.
valve(s)to suit the flow requirement, indicated by the system pressure,
the demand on the HPSW Main can be kept to a minimum.
to be selected from the
1220. Each flow control diaphragm glandless valve is limit stops are
approved list of valves fitted with limit stops. The
that the pressure drop
to be "set" during basin or sea trials to ensure
across the heat exchangers is within the limits shown on the metal tally
specified in NES 329 and attached to the heat exchanger.

Constant Flow Control Valves

from NES 360.
1221. Constant flow control valves are to be selected
constant flow;
1222. Constant flow control valves provide a sensibly differentials,
tolerances of about +10% over a wide range of pressure
The margin on head for these
typically from I bar up to 13.7 bar.
valves is discussed in Clause 0812.

88
 NES 719
Issue 2

1223. Advantages. The advantages of these valves are as follows:

a. Some freedom in location of overboard discharge is permitted

since no appreciable change in flow rate occurs between syphonic
and non-syphonic conditions ie uncovering of the discharge due to
ship motion. The supply pressure would require some margin to
overcome any increase in pressure due to Head above waterline
when the discharge is uncovered in a syphonic system, see
Clauses 2021 and 2022, but the design flow rate should be obtained
by correct valve selection. However, pressure drop/flow rate
tests are required to check correct valve selection, system
installation andpossible valve malfunction.

b. Constant flow valves fitted in a system supplied from a HPSW

System permit a large increase in pressure drop across strainers
due to blockage, before there is any significant effect on the
flow in the system because constant flow valves compensate for
the fall of strainer outlet pressure.

1224. Disadvantages. The disadvantages of these valves are as follows:

a. They require a minimum pressure drop across the valve of I bar to

obtain the best results; ie the pressure/pumping horsepower
required in a typical LPSW System fitted with these flow devices
would be more than doubled.

b. They are unlikely to be suitable in systems supplied by pumps

driven from variable speed main engines see Clause 2021.

c. Additional fine mesh strainers may be required to be provided

upstream of the valves to prevent clogging of the fine clearances
in the valves.
as
1225. Constant flow control valves can be used in the same applications
orifices and diaphragm glandless valves; see Clauses 1214 and 1219.

Controlled Pressure Systems, General

9! 1226. The two methods for controlling the flow in water systems by regulating
the supply pressure are:

a. Starting or stopping pumps as required so as to keep within

appropriate pressure limits, and

b. Providing an automatic pressure regulating valve.

is supplied by
1227. Method a. can be used where the low pressure (LP) system
System via an
its own multi-pumps or is supplied from a multi-pump HPSW
orifice or diaphragm glandless valve between the HP and LPSW Systems.
Method b. is usually restricted to arrangements whereby a LP cooling
eg HPSW
system is supplied from another SW system at a higher pressure
to 1240.
System. Both these methods are described in Clauses 1228
in Use
Controlled Pressure Systems, Manual Control of Number of Pumps
the system is
1228. With this arrangement the flow through each equipment in
the supply pressure in
maintained within design limits by maintaining
the number of pumps in
the Main within appropriate limits by controlling
use.
89
NES 719
Issue 2

1229. Equipments which incorporate automatic temperature control by means of 6)

regulating the SW flow are not to be supplied from this type of system
because the temperature control will affect the frequency with which
pumps have to be stopped or started.

1230. Where a system is supplied from a system at a higher pressure, then the
total flow of water is to be set by means of a fixed opening flow
control device such as an orifice or diaphragm glandless valve located
at the offtake from the higher pressure system(eg HPSW System).

1231. This type of system is to be designed on the basis of maintaining the

flow to all equipment whether working or not. The designer is to state
whether or not it is necessary for the system total flow control to be
throttled when equipments are shut-off for maintenance to prevent
excessive water speeds in the remainder of the system. This type of
information is to be made available to the writers of any hand-books
appertaining to the system.

1232. With this type of system the pipework is to be sized to ensure that: C)

a. The design SW flow rate is achieved at the minimum systet supply

pressure.

b. The water speeds through the heat exchanger tubes/piping do not

exceed those referred to in Clauses 1124 to 1128 inclusive at the
maximum supply pressure. This is the shut discharge valve
pressure for most pumps.

Controlled Pressure Systems, Automatic Control

1233. The provision of a control device such as a pressure reducing valve in

a system ensures the flow through each equipment branch is maintained
sensibly constant regardless of changes in the supply system pressure
and shutting-off of equipments.

1234. Automatic temperature control by means of regulating the SW flow may be

included in any equipment leg without upsetting this system control.

1235. Pressure reducing valves are to be avoided in SW systems because of the

maintenance load involved with this type of valve unless the preferred
alternative arrangements ie manual control of system or controlled flow
systems are considered to be impracticable.

Matched Flow Systems

1236. This type of system is usually restricted to simple one pump arrange-
ments such as air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant for
example.

1237. With this type of system the pump and system characteristics are to be
matched and tuned to ensure the design flow to the equipments. When
this type of system is used as an auxiliary cooling water system
attention is to be given to the following:

a. The type of pump H:Q characteristic provided; the flatter the

characteristic the better.

90
 NES 719
Issue 2

b. The amount by which the design flow rate is to be reduced by

isolating equipments.

Controlled Flow Systems

1238. Automatic temperature control devices of the water throttling type may
be included in this type of system. The provision of such temperature
control affects the maximum working pressure of system, depending on
the particular system arrangement in which it is fitted, as follows:

SUPPLY EQUIPMENT MAX WORKING PRESS

a. Pump Single Pump shut valve total pressure;

NOTE: An overboard discharge line is to
be provided to prevent over-heating the
pump if it is required to work for any
length of time in the system zero flow
state; alternatively a recirculating
line which has enough heat dissipation
or capacity is to be provided to
accommodate the pumping energy at
periods of zero nett system flow without
excessive temperature rise.

b. Pump(s) Multi Less than pump shut valve total pressure

depending on ratio of constant flow to
throttled flow. See *NOTE

c. HP System Single Max supply pressure.

d. HP System Multi Between maximum and design WP,

depending on ratio of constant flow to
throttled flow. See *NOTE

*NOTE: Nevertheless the extreme case of shut discharge pressure

must be acceptable to the system.

1239. The system and its equipment is to be capable of withstanding the

maximum working pressure attained in the system when the temperature
control valve(s) is shut. Equipments capable of withstanding the
system pressure when supplied by a LPSW pump(s), are readily available.
However, when the system is supplied from a HPSW System, a full bore
relief valve is to be provided as-necessary in the equiqment branch
containing the temperature control valve to safeguard the equipment
against excessive pressure. This relief valve arrangement is to be
avoided as a normal means of supply since the relief valve would tend
to be open to flow except when the equipment is operating at full
output and supplied with SW at the maximum design temperature. The
arrangement is to be considered for standby supply arrangements and
where the system operating conditions which may cause the pressure to
exceed that which the system can sustain are unlikely to occur.

1240. Where temperature control equipment is fitted the specified minimum

water speed through cooler tubes is to be exceeded at the cooler design
flow; it is permissible for a water speed less than this to be
experienced when the valve is throttling the water as a result of
reduced equipment output and/or drop in cooling water temperature.

91
iES 719
Issue 2
13. INLETS AN D I S C HA R G E S

Holes in Inner and Outer Bottom Plating

to a minimum.
1301. The number of holes in the outer bottom is to be kept
water line is to
1302. No underwater openings at a level lower than the deep
of the aft sonar
be fitted forward of 6m abaft of the aftermost part
dome.
to be positioned
1303. All holes for inlets and submerged discharges are
waterline to obviate any likelihood of icing up
below the light load
of inlets to
under arctic conditions, and particularly in the case
pitching or
ensure that they are drowned when the ship is rolling or
positioned
has trim. The above should result in the holes being
of the turn of the bilge. To reduce
inboard of the bilge keep and logs to a
with sonar and underwater
noise or other interference effects
be followed as
minimum the recommendations in DG Ships 591 are to
closely as practicable.
plating, bilge keels
1304. Holes are to be kept clear of butts and edges of
and other hull projections and positioned so as to cause minimum
interference with internal structural arrangements.
entry of entrained air
1305. Sea inlets are to be located in positions where
when steering hard to
is avoided when operating ahead or astern, or
way of the after cut up
Port or Starboard. Sensitive areas include in
and close under the bilge keels.
above the light WL are to
1306. All sea water discharges that are positioned ladders
be located so that they do not discharge beside accommodation these
in
or in way of boat moorings. Where the fitting of discharges be fitted
are to
areas is unavoidable, those above the deep waterline
the flow parallel to the hull. All other
with rubber boots to direct
with rubber lips
discharges. above the deep waterline are to be fitted
See NES 712 for
to prevent the water from staining the hull paintwork.
details.
be arranged in line with
1307. Discharges liable to contain air are not to
to be arranged in line
inlets. Discharges carrying hot fluids are not
with cooling water inlets.

Sea Tubes and Boxes

as appropriate for each sea
1308. Sea tubes and/or boxes are to be provided
water system hull inlet and outlet.
in any one area of the
1309. Where a number of inlets or discharges occur
to grouping them into common inlet
hull, consideration is to be given
for each box so far as
or discharge boxes with a single opening
permit. The boxes are
service, structural and machinery arrangements local
structure with
to be worked as an integral part of the hull and geometry
of a size
additional stiffening as necessary and are to be Clause 1334.
in
to permit protection by means of the method specified thickness
the hull,
They are to be of the same strength material as
being of the same order as the unpenetrated hull.

1330.
1310. Gratings are to be fitted as Clauses 1322 to
92
 NES 719
Issue 2

Construction

1311. The outside of all underwater openings is to be flush with the

surrounding hull plating.

1312. The required shape of the hole is ideally elliptical. The practically
acceptable alternative is either a circular shaped hole or one with
semi-circular ends. On no account shall openings with square corners
be fitted. The width of the hole is to be limited to ensure the
following conditions are met:

a. It is not greater than 2/3 the panel width. The width being
taken as the minimum dimension of the hull plating panel,
irrespective of direction.

b. The hole is to be sited approximately in the middle of the panel

width.

c. There is at least 150mm clearance between the edge of the hole

and passing structure member. The edges of all holes are to be
reinforced by the welding of a rider plate at 'least 75mm deep and
of the same material and thickness as the hull plating. The
rider is not to project beyond the hull line.

1313. The hull plating thickness is to be increased locally by 50% when the
hole is greater than, ie extends beyond, the middle third of the panel
width. The local thickening is to be taken beyond the passing
continuous member wherever possible. For a more accurate assessment of
the insert plate thickness, see NES 110. The minimum distance from the
edge of the hole to the edge of the local thick plating is to be equal
to the width of the hole.

1314. All sea tubes of 65mm nominal size and below are to be manufactured in
matching material of the same strength as the hull plating it is
penetrating, with a maximum wall thickness of 10mm. The tube bore is
to match the bore of the hull valve attached to its head. Large holes
such as main inlets and discharges, are to be worked structurally with
the hull and reinforced by thicker plating and additional stiffening as
necessary.

1315. Sea tubes over 65mm nominal size including, the short lengths of large
diameter tube required on conical shaped sea tubes are to be fabricated
with one. welded seam.

1316. Where it is necessary to use sea tubes, they are to be positioned at

least 150mm from structural members to allow efficient welding to be
achieved.

1317. Sea tubes and pipes to inlets and discharges are to be of lOmm minimum
thickness arranged so that they do not act as struts when fitted
between fixed structures such as inner and outer bottoms. The pipes
are to be cranked and the sea tubes are to be provided with shearing
joints, the strength of which is to be less than the connections to the
fixed structure to prevent the displacement of the fixed structure due
to shock or grounding. The shearing joints are to be double fillet
welded with a leg length of t/3 but never less than 3mm, where 't' is
the thickness of the sea tube.

93
NES 719
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1318. Particular care is to be taken to provide a smooth surface on the

inside of all sea inlet and discharge tubes and the connection of pipes
thereto. Welds, weld spatter and protrusions remaining after initial
fitting are to be ground off before the tubes are finally fitted in the
ship.

Hull Valve Interfaces

1319. Where ship side valves are to be mounted direct to the hull they are to
be fitted on hull inserts. The hull inserts are to be sufficiently
thickened to compensate for the opening in the hull and to take the
securing studs for the valve fastenings. Where the shape of the hull
and the diameter of the insert requires that a very thick insert has to
be fitted, a sea tube is to be provided in lieu.

1320. All valve boxes are to have flanges parallel or at right angles to the
axis of the sea tube unless otherwise approved; different angles are to
be provided for in the sea tube.

1321. Where a weed box is specified for a system, it is not to be made

integral with the inlet valve box.

Gratings

1322. Anti-sabotage portable gratings are to be fitted to all sea inlets and
to all underwater sea outlets greater than 65mm nominal size. The
grating bars are to be angled as shown in Figure 25 (see SDN 003 503 965).

1323. The width of each dividing bar for sea inlets is to be:
2
a. Sea inlet up to 300mm dia or 0.07m -10mm

b. Sea inlet 300mm to 600mm dia or 0.0 7 m 2 to 0.28m 2 - 12mm

2
c. Sea inlet over 600mm dia or 0.28m - 20mm

1324. The clear width between bars is to be not greater than:

a. Valves up to 150mm nominal size - 20mm.

b Valves 150mm to 300mm nominal size - 30mm.

c. Valves over 300mm nominal size - 60mm.

1325. Where suction strainers are not fitted the clear openings of inlet
grating are not to exceed 20mm. Where one tube or box serves more than
one valve, the clear width between the bars is to be suitable for the
smallest valve using that tube. The bars are to be angled as shown in
Figure 25 (See Service Drawing No 003 503 965).

94
 NES 719
Issue 2

FLOW

FORWARD

THIS ARRANGEMENT IS USED FOR

OUTLETS AND INLETS THROUGH
WHICHTHE FLOW IS NOT CNTINUOUS.
FOR INLETS ONLY THROUGH WHICH
THERE IS A CONTINUOUS FLOWTHE
OUTBOARD EDGES OF THE BARS
SHOULD LIE FORWARD
ANGLED TRANSVERSE BARS

FIGURE 25 GRATINGS FOR UNDERWATER OPENINGS

1326. The clear area through each sea inlet grating is to be based on the
equivalent diameter of the total area of the valves associated with the
sea tube or box, and is to be calculated as follows:

a. 100mm equivalent diameter and smaller

.............. 3 times the total valve area.

b. 125mm equivalent diameter

.............. 24 times the total valve area.

c. 150mm equivalent diameter

.............. 21 times the total valve area.

d. 175mm equivalent diameter and over

.............. 2 times the total valve area.

1327. For discharges,. gratings are to be arranged with maximum clear openings
between bars of 65mm. The width of each dividing bar is to be as for
inlet gratings. The clear area through each outlet grating is to be
not less than twice the total valve area.

1328. Where the size of the hull opening is large, the grating is to be
arranged so that it can be removed in portions, each portion being of
manageable weight, by one diver.

1329. All gratings are generally to be of galvanised steel, and are to be

secured by countersunk high tensile steel screws, either socket headed
or with heads drilled to take a standard screw extractor. The screws
are to be greased before fitting and when fitted in place, the nuts (if
any) are to be locked by split pins or by the use of self locking
95
NES 719
Issue 2

nuts; otherwise the screws are to be secured by the use of "Loctite"

C
to be filled with epoxide
sealant. The sockets or extractor holes are
003 503 965.
putty NATO Stock No 8030-99-224-1931 as shown on SDN
with BS 729 Part 1.
Galvanising is to be in accordance
for the
1330. Where gunmetal or other copper based alloys are specified
bronze fasteners to
gratings they are to be secured by aluminium 1044 as detailed
bronze to DG Ships
DG Ships 1043 or aluminium silicon
in DG Ships 160 locked as for steel gratings.

Access to Sea Tubes and Boxes

provided to the sea tubes and
1331. Access externally and internally is to be of this equipment.
boxes to permit survey, maintenance and preservation Thus it
the grating.
The internal survey is to be after removal of sea chest. This
the same
would be advantageous to group systems to use improve the
which would
would increase the size of the sea tube/chest
the number of holes in the hull. See
access and also reduce
Clause 1309.

Air Venting
a 5Onn nominal size vent
1332. A sea inlet box is to be provided with
sea inlet may be prone to air
connection when it is considered that the
pumps could be expected
ingestion in excess of what the SW circulating
or remotely started
to handle which would cause damage to automatic
pumps such as the HPSW pumps. Details of suitable arrangements are
is mandatory. Both
shown in Figure 26 ; the shut-off valve shown
pipe opening for air to
arrangements allow a space above the sea inlet
connection. The vent
collect prior to finding its way to the vent
aft with the sea inlet pipe
connection should be "in-line" forward and
any effect of roll and heel.
opening as far as practical, to minimise
to be led above the
Similarly, air vent pipes, if provided, are
of the ship centreline to
waterline and preferably in the vicinity flow indicator is to
A sight
eliminate the effects of heel and roll.
indicate the presence of air.
be provided, in First of Class ships, to
that certain vents are not
Should it prove in subsequent sea trials
off.
required, these vents are to be blanked
proves a problem in service, an air
1333. Where air entrainment in sea inlets
air chamber with an automatic
eliminator is to be fitted comprising an
forms the cover of a specially
shut-off valve venting connection, which
the entrained air to be
designed sea inlet strainer which causes
discharged by vortex action.

Preservation
inlet and discharge boxes are to
1334. Inlet and discharge tubes and grouped
free epoxy (SFE)
be abrasive blasted and coated with solvent
to 250 microns. Any fairing
composition to a thickness of between 175
with Epoxide Putty to
of plate laps, welds etc is to be made
SFE is dry. Upon completion of
DG Ships 8900 before the first coat of tie coat composition
the SFE application, one coat of the appropriate as applied to the
coatings
(ALBIT or ADMAR) followed by antifouling
Inlets and discharges whose size and
outer bottom. (See NES 760).
are to be galvanised and coated
geometry does not permit this treatment
anti-fouling coatings as applied
with four coats of ALBIT, followed by are to be painted as for
to outer bottoms. All galvanised gratings

96
 NES 719
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galvanised sea tubes. Sea tubes sited within diesel oil tanks are not
to be galvanised on the tank side.

1335. When coating the outer bottom and sea boxes/sea tubes, all valves are
to be closed. On completion the valves are to be operated at frequent
intervals to ensure that they will operate properly when the paint has
hardened.

97
 NES 719
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2m S0mm BORE
ABOVE AIR VENT RED
RED, W.L.
WATER V~ - _ -

LINE

EXPANSION BOX /SIGHTGLASS

PUMP VALVS NOTE:-

SUCTION A VALVESTO BEIN
LINE FORE AND AFT.0

100m

SEA INLET

ARRANGEMENT 1

2m •Smm BORE RED

ABOVE AIR VENT
RED V ARVNW
WATER
LINE

EXPANSION BOX I SIGHT GLASS

DJW.L

BALL
VA LVES
PUPlOOmm~l

SUCTION

SEA INLET
ARRANGEMENT 2

FIGURE 26 - SEA INLET AIR VENTING ARRANGEMENTS

SEE CLAUSE 1332

"98
 NES 7192
Issue

14. SEA WATER BALLAST TANKS

-----------------------

General

1401. The tanks are to form an integral part of the ship's structure and are
to be arranged so that air pockets will not form during fil-ling-and
such that the water will level itself as fast as it is delivered;
escape and limber holes being cut in beams, frames etc as necessary to
facilitate filling and draining. Where air pockets are unavoidable, an
additional air escape may be fitted. To ensure that the tank is not
overpressurised during filling, the supply to the tank is to be via a
filling funnel. The size of the pipe supplying the filling funnel is
to be one size smaller than the pipe from the filling funnel into the
tank. This will ensure that at all times there is adequate drainage
from the filling funnel. A valve is to be fitted above the filling
funnel to control the supply and a second valve is to be fitted below
the funnel to seal the tank after filling.

1402. The internal structure is to allow ready access to all parts of the
tank for preservation (by abrasive blasting and painting) and for
inspection and cleaning.

Manholes

1403. Access to the tanks is to be by two watertight manholes (one at each

end of the tank) in accordance with NES 127 together with internal
ladders to assist inspection and for cleaning. The manholes may be of
the flush or raised type and are to be complete with covers.

Air Escapes

1404. Two air escapes are. to be fitted at the highest position in each tank,
the two positions being as remote from one another as can be arranged.
For tanks of capacity of 75 tonne or more the pipes are to be 60mm
nominal size; for tanks of less than 75 tonne the pipes are to be 40mm
nominal size. The air escape pipes are to be galvanised steel to
BS 3602, Part 1; HFS or CFS 360 and BR 3013(2),*generally 2.%n
thick. From inner bottom to just above the floor plates in machinery
compartments, these pipes are to be not less than 10mm in thickness.
of the
1405. The air escape pipes may be grouped into single pipeswhen clear
same compartment are
red zone by not less than 2m but pipes from the
number of separate air
not to be led to the same common pipes. Where a
pipes are joined into a common lead the sectional area of the final
lead should not be less than 75 per cent of the sum of the areas of the
are not
smaller pipes. Care is to be taken to ensure that these pipes
combined with the air escapes from tanks containing oil.
the position
1406. The air pipes may be terminated inside the ship, provided
clear
is at least 2m above the red zone and in a well ventilated area
of living spaces.

-99
 NES 719
Issue 2

pockets and long 13

1407. The air pipes are to be led as directly as possible;
not to penetrate any
and they are
horizontal portions being avoided
The pipes are to terminate in a
main transverse watertight bulkhead.
perforated goose neck.
for watertightness by
1408. After fitting, the pipes are to be tested
plugging their lower ends and filling them completely with water.

Sounding Tubes
tank and is to be of nominal
1409. A sounding tube is to be fitted to each
to pass the MOD standard sounding
size 60mm which is of a suitable bore
thickness to air escapes
tapes. The pipe is to be of similar
be combined with one of the
(Clause 1404). The sounding tube may
642 and 003 503 703.
tank's air escapes. See SDN's 003 503
and are to extend from within
1410. The sounding tubes are to be vertical least 300mm above the top of the
at
100mm of the bottom of the tank to
structure has special coatings for preservation
tank. Where the tank striking
the is
be damaged bytube
which can the to be
eg zinc spray, and coal tar epoxy,
the bottom of sounding
recording device
of the depth
as those fitted in FW tanks, see
sealed and worked in the same manner coating is used for
NES 728. In instances where no special
tube is to be worked as for fuel
preservation then the bottom of the the ending to be fitted on
tanks, see NES 320. Figure 27 illustrates
sounding weight/transducer being
the bottom of the tube to prevent the
structure.
trapped between the tube and adjacent
tube is to be fitted with a locked
1411. The upper end of the sounding
vicinity of the filling funnel
screwed cap and is to be fitted in the
to be arranged where practical
where fitted. Sounding tubes are
their upper ends may be extended
alongside bulkheads etc, in order that
deck. Elsewhere they are to be
permanently about 300mm above the
fitted with locked watertight deckplates.
dipped galvanised internally and externally
1412. Sounding tubes are to be hot
been completed.
after all welding and working has

Calibration
in tonne by either filling with
1413. Ballast tanks are to be calibrated preference being given to
known:quantities of.water or by calculation; cannot be readily checked.
the filling method where the tank dimensions curves showing capacity in
capacity
The results are to be tabulated and
prepared and forwarded to MOD for approval.
tonne against depth,
for sounding marked in metres and
1414. Steel tapes of a standard type for use through the sounding
millimetres are supplied by the MOD(N)
be provided in the vicinity of the
tube; stowage for these tapes is to
sounding tubes.

Preservation
epoxy
is to be treated with a coal tar
1415. Water ballast tank structure
system in accordance with NES 756.

100
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 2

(SEE SON 003503703101),

MINIM UM
300 mm

TANK TOP

-TTOM
PIPE BEVELLED INTERNALLY AT
450 TO 12 THICKNESS.

FLEXIBLE SUCTION FITTING

DETAILED IN NES 320
MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 75mm
TO ALLOW FOR DEFORMATION
DOUBLE PLATE 6mm

_____
HULL OR TANK PLATING

FIGURE 27 - SOUNDING TUBE FOR STORAGE TANKS ONLY

SEE CLAUSE 1410

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NiS 719
Issue 2

15. INS T RU M E N T A T I 0 N - L O C A L AND R E M 0 T E

Fittings

1501. The system designer is to ensure that for all instruments called for,
the necessary isolating valves, thermometer-pockets and other facings
and tapped bossen-are provided.. These are to be provided by the;
Shipbuilder/Main Machinery Contractor in.the case of systems and by the
equipment maker in the case of individual items of machinery, except in
the case of isolating valves fitted to instruments located on a console,
eg in the machinery control room, which are to be provided by the
console supplier.

1502. Where a gaugeboard is specified for an individual unit, the gaugeboard

is normally to be mounted directly on the unit but, where convenient,
the maker may seek approval to dispense with the gaugeboard and mount
the group of instruments directly on the unit. To suit installation
requirements, in certain instances, it may be necessary to mount the
gaugeboard separately from the unit. In these cases, the
Shipbuilder/Main Machinery Contractor is to instruct the make-r to
provide the gaugeboard suitable for separate mounting.

1503. The service of gauges is not to be marked on the dial faces but on
separate tally plates conforming to NES 723.

1504. Where an equipment is to have remote instrumentation, the maker of the

equipment is not to provide the remote instruments but is to ensure
that the necessary connections are provided on his equipment to allow
the sensors to be fitted.

1505. All pressure, flow and level sensing devices are to be fitted with
isolating valves at source, conforming to the working pressure of the
system.

1506. Vacuum gauges, gauges subject to pulsating pressures and gauges which
are fitted in another compartment or in cases where the isolating valve
at source is not readily accessible from the gauge position are to be
fitted with an isolating valve at the gauge itself.

1507. All isolating valves fitted local to gauges are to conform to the
requirements of NES 360.

1508. Source stub connections associated with isolating valves are to be not
less than 20mm nominal size.

1509. Thermometer pockets will usually be provided in the SW outlet from SW

cooled units by the equipment manufacturers. Where this is not
practical, a thermometer pocket is to be provided in the adjacent
outlet system piping. A gunmetal swept or right angle tee may be
fitted in the system pipework and a branch used to accommodate the
thermometer pocket in such a manner that the pocket does not protrude
into the bore of the pipe. Thermometer pockets are not to be fitted
directly into pipes.

102
 NES 719
Issue 2

1510. A thermometer pocket (NSN 6685-99-525-0329) is to be provided for

containing the bulb of any temperature sensing device. These pockets
are to be screwed into their respective bosses and locked to prevent
accidental removal when replacement of the thermometer is necessary.
The thermometer pockets are to be installed in the system in accordance
with SDN 001 003 804.

1511. The material of the pocket is to be compatible with the pipe material
and its contents.

1512. The bulb of any thermometer or temperature sensing device is to extend

fully within the pocket and the pocket is to contain a suitable liquid,
appropriate to the temperature level, to ensure that the temperature of
the working fluid is transmitted to the thermometer bulb or sensing
device. The top of the pocket and entry gland is to be lagged.

Pressure Gauges

1513. Pressure Gauges are to be fitted to equipment as follows:

a. Local:

(1) at either side of each sea water pump to indicate both

suction and discharge pressures. Range of pressure gauges
0-10 bar.

(2) at each pressure reducing/relief station (downstream of the

station).

(3) one gauge is to be fitted in the LPSW Main in each

compartment. Range of the pressure gauge 0-5 bar.

(4) one gauge is to be fitted in the HPSW Main between the

junction of the pump riser with the HPSW Main and HPSW Main
isolating valve. Range of pressure gauge 0-10 bar.

b. Remote:
(1) LPSW System - gauges either side of the pumps and gauges in
the main to be relayed to the SCC.
(2) HPSW System - gauges at the risers to be relayed to the
NBCD HQ.
1514. All local pressure gauges are to be of the dial indicating Bourdon type
to DEF STAN 66-2.

1515. Installation of pressure gauges is to conform to BS 1780.

1516. The static pressure at any datum ie tapping point, where transducers
are not used, as indicated by a pressure gauge is obtained by
adding/subtracting the height of the pressure gauge relative to the
tapping point.

103
NES 719
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Sensors

1517. Sensing points are to be located at the precise point the information/
control is required. The sensing points for control purposes are to be
independent of those used for instrumentation purposes.

1518. Sensors are to be fitted to indicate loss of pressure in the main at

the following positions unless otherwise specified:

a. Forward of ring main.

b. Aft of ring main.

C. Port side of ring main.

d. Starboard side of ring main.

1519. They are to indicate loss of pressure in the main and to indicate flow
through any automatic spray system. Indication is to be relayed to
NBCD HQ and SCC and elsewhere as specified.

Thermometers

1520. A remote reading thermometer is to be provided in at least one sea

inlet to relay readings to the SCC.
0 C.
1521. Thermometers are to be graduated in

1522. Liquid in glass thermometers and holders is to conform to DG Ships 64.

1523. Thermocouples and electric resistance pyrometers are to be in

accordance with NES 626.

1524. Where a temperature sensing device is connected to an electrical or

pneumatic transmitter, an adjacent thermometer pocket is to be provided
for a test thermometer.

Alarms U
1525. The following alarms are to be provided in the SCC:

a. Main engine driven SW pump, low differential pressure or low flow

alarm.

b. Auxiliary systems (supplied by motor driven SW pumps) low

pressure alarm.

c. Auxiliary systems (supplied from HPSW System), high and low

pressure alarms.

d. HPSW Main, low pressure warning.

Sight Flow Indicators

1526. A sight flow indicator is to be provided in each supply to equipment
where the sea water flow is small eg pump motor cooling. The flow
indicators are to be capable of withstanding shock to NSSl standard.

104
 NES 7i9
Issue 2

16. SHORE SUPPLIES

Flooding Bonnets

1601. In order to maintain sea water to the sea-inlets of HPSW pumps, of

electrical generating sets and of air conditioning machinery, flooding
bonnets are to be provided and stowed on board. The inlets for these
equipments are to be arranged to accommodate the flooding bonnets. See
Figure 28 for an illustration of a typical bonnet.

Shore Connections

1602. Arrangements are to be made to enable sea water services to be

maintained when alongside by the fitting of shore connections, as shown
in Figure 29.

1603. A shore connection is to be provided on the Port and on the Starboard

side of the ship in a convenient weather deck position to enable the
attachment of shore hoses to the connection. These deck positions are
to be labelled.
1604. Tne connection will consist of a deck fitting similar to
SDN 000 875. 955, associated permanent piping and a deck elbow. The
screw deck plate is to be clearly engraved SEA WATER ONLY.
1605. The piping is to be of the same nominal size as the ring main or pump
riser to which it is to be connected. Isolating valves are to be
fitted under the weather deck and at the junction with the main or
riser. If the piping involved is less than 4 metres, only the valve at
the junction is to be fitted. Shore connections are to be sited within
preferred zones of the ship as follows:

Length of Ship From Bow From Stern

109m - 150m 18m - 27m 6m - 9m

150m- 213m 13m - 31m 4m - lOm

1606. A minimum of 4 shore connection points are required.

a. Forward connections, two points within the above ranges measured

from the fore end, one port and one starboard.

b. After connections, two points within the above ranges measured

from the stern, one port and one starboard.

1607. In cases where the forward and after ranges overlap near amidships it
is acceptable to provide two connection points, one port and one
starboard within the overlapping area. On small ships it is acceptable,
provided they are sited near the centre line, one forward and one aft
within the above ranges. Service positions are to be sited as near to
the ship's side as practicable to minimise hose runs across the deck,
obstruction to passageways or damage to paintwork of structure: the
connections are to be readily accessible.

1608. A deck elbow, 6 inch female, NSN 4730-99-458-9483 to mate with the deck
fitting is to be supplied and stowed onboard, together with flange
adaptor NSN 4730-99-458-9506.

105
NES 719
Issue 2

SEALING
OASKET

o FF) .
(12
0 BOLT
FOOK

SEALINGR
SWASHE

' WASHER

S BONNET

FIGURE 28 BONNET (TYPICAL)

-FLOODING

SEE CLAUSE 1601

CAP1
COUPLING

DECKPLATE k/,AAPTOR

BOSS BODY

~CASKET ~SEALIN.G

'"
FIGURE 29 - SHORE CONNECTION
SEE CLAUSE 1602

106
 NES 719
Issue 2

17. PRESERVATION

1701. Cleaning and preservation procedures are to conform to the requirements

given in NES 341 and NES 767'.

1702. Where preservation after installation and flushing is specified, the

treatment is to be carried out in accordance with NES 781 using SDD.
The treatment is to be carried out before the system is opened up to
dock or esturine water. See Clause 1902.

1703. Cathodic Protection; Where cathodic protection is specified it is to

be provided in accordance with the NES 704.

107
NES 719
Issue 2

18. I=N=SULATION

HPSW and Prewetting Piping

1801. All HPSW and prewetting piping (up to isolating valves on pressure
side) is to be insulated in accordance with the requirements of NES 703
using approved pre-formed half round sections efficiently bedded on to
the pipe.

1802. Lagging is not required to spray pipes which are normally dry or
contain static water.

10

108
 NES 719
Issue 2

19. F L U S H IN.G__TESTI N G A N D T U N IN G

Flushing

1901. Prior to basin trials, sea water systems are to be flushed through with
the valves worked so as to isolate each section of the systems in turn
to ensure that the flow through the piping is unimpeded. Each branch
is to be flushed through in this way for at least five minutes.
Equipments which could become choked during flushing such as orifice
plates and constant flow control valve inserts are to be removed during
flushing. A sample of flushing water is then to be drained off and
allowed to settle. If the sample is dirty, the flushing procedure is
to be repeated until clean samples indicate that the systems are clean.

1902. The water in fitting out basins is to be tested and if proved to be

contaminated it is not to be introduced into the system until the sea
water systems have been treated with a Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate
(SDD) solution because once damage has occurred (ie sulpbiding),
flushing will not remove the sulphide film; see Clause 1702.

Working Pressure

1903. The working pressure of the systems is defined in Clauses 0404 and 0702
for the HPSW Systems and Clauses 0405 and 0801 for the LP systems.
Because of the shape of the pump characteristic curve, the pressure at
zero flow may be so great as to equal or nearly equal the installation
test pressure if this is defined as 1.5 x WP. To ensure that the.
system is capable of withstanding the flow pressures, for test purposes
the greater of the following pressures must be used in the relative
tests:

a. Shop tests - 2 x working pressure

or 1.5 x pump shut valve pressure

b. Test after installation - 1.5 xworking pressure

or 1.25 x pump shut valve pressure

Pressure Testing

1904. The pressures to which the systems are to be designed will be the
maximum working pressure as defined in Clause 1903.

1905. The various parts of the installation are to be tested during

manufacture, after installation on board and after any subsequent
modification to the pressures given in Table 5.

1906. The MOD Quality Assurance Representative is to be informed when the

pressure tests will be carried out so that he may be present if he
wishes.

1907. Test pressures are to be expressed in terms of the working pressure of

the system. In a reduced pressure system, where a relief valve is not
fitted, the test pressure is to be based upon the working pressure on
the high pressure side of the reducing valve.

109
NES 719
Issue 2

1908. Clean fresh water is to be used for all tests during manufacture.
Pressure testing after installation on board may be carried but using
sea water provided that the system has first been treated with SDD-
solution (see Clause 1702). Otherwise clean fresh water is to be used.

1909. Test pressures are to be maintained for peribds adequate to permit a

thorough and complete inspection of all parts for, leaks. The test
pressure is to be maintained for at least 30 minutes.

1910. The shop pressure tests are to be carried out after all welding/brazing
and machinery has been completed including all holes for securing,
being drilled and before paint, insulation or covering of any kind has
been applied. The tests after installation may be carried out with
insulation in place but the joints of pipe flange connections and
valves are to be uncovered.

1911. Any equipment that may be opened up after the Makers Shop Test must be
retested to shop or installation test pressure as appropriate and show
that it functions correctly after reassembly.

1912. Parts tested are to be clearly stamped or etched or where special

instructions are involved, painted by the maker with his identification
marks, the test pressure and the date of test.

Details of Tests

1913. Valves. All valve bodies are to be tested to 2X working pressure (see
Clause 1916). After assembly, all valves are to be tested to the
working pressure with the valve half open to test the gland. All
except ball valves are then to be tested closed with 14XWP on the inlet
side of the valve. Valves which may admit pressure from either side in
service except ball valves, are to have the test pressure applied
independently on each side. Ball valve seats are to be tested to
working pressure only for freedom from seat leakage as the design of
these valves is such that an increase in pressure ensures a tighter seal
and therefore the lower pressure is more critical.

1914. Relief valves are to be set hydraulically in the shop to lift at a

pressure approximately corresponding with the required working pressure.
Relief valves are then to be set and tested after installation to the
required relief pressure.

1915. For ball and butterfly valves, directly on completion of the tests above,
at least one in five of a production batch is to be air bubble tested
from 0.35 to 0.7 bar on each seat independently; no leakage is to
occur.

1916. All valves are to be suitable for a working pressure of 10 bar, and the
test pressure is to be based on this figure irrespective of the working
pressure of the systems.

1917. Test pressures for Shop Tests on sea water systems and for Tests after
Installation are given in Table 5.

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Test Pressure (Gauge) Bar

Tests after
Shop Tests to instat t
Item
whichever is theintlaono is the
weer iwhichever
greater greater

HPSW Systems 2 x WP 1.5 x WP

SW ballasting system OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP

SW side of heat exchangers 2 x WP 1.5 x WP

LPSW pump casings OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP
Min TP 3.5 Min TP 1

HPSW pump casings 2 x Pump Shut 1.5 x Pump Shut

Valve Pressure Valve Pressure

Diesel engine SW systems 2 x WP 1.5 x WP

OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP
Min TP 7 Min TP 3.5

Salvage systems 2 x WP 1.5 WP

OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP
of the source of the source
system system

Stuffing box at inboard end 2 x WP 1.5 x WP

of stern tube OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP
Min TP 1.8 Min TP 1

LPSW System 2 x WP 1.5 x WP

OR OR
1.5 x PSVP 1.25 x PSVP
Min TP 3.5 Min TP I

TABLE 5. TEST PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS

NOTES:

1. WP - Working Pressure.

2. Min TP - Minimum Test Pressure.

3. PSVP - Pump Shut Valve Pressure.

Tests and Trials

1918. Trials are to be carried out on each system to demonstrate:

a. The correct functioning of the system.

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NES 719
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b. The ability of the system to supply the design sea water capacity
at the design pressure with the appropriate number of pumps or
HPSW supplies in use, including the use, where applicable, of the
emergency supply.
in
1919. Firefighting tests and trials are to be carried out as detailed
NES 119 and BR 2170.

1920. Magazine initial test and subsequent maintenance checks are to be

carried out as detailed in BR 862.

as
1921. Prewetting initial test and subsequent trials are to be carried out
detailed in IES 118.

Tuning

1922. Tuning of sea water systems will be by diaphragm glandless valves,

orifices or constant flow control valves, as appropriate. The
given
requirements for tuning systems using these types of devices are
in the following clauses.

1923. Instruments for Tuning include:

a. A U tube filled with Igema fluid (ie a fluid of specific gravity

greater than 1.0 for convenience of leg length) can be used for
measuring differential pressure drops across water cooled
equipment.

b. A differential pressure transducer and portable transducer

indicator.

c. Non-invasive ultrasonic flow measuring system.

of plus or minus
NOTE: Any instrument used for tuning should give an accuracy
5% and be suitable for use with sea water in a marine environment.

1924. Where it is desired to have a permanent measurement of pressure drop

across a particular equipment or where it is desired to check the
pressure drop in service without recourse to a monometer a differential
pressure gauge suitable for sea water may be used.
to tune a
1925. Information Required Before Tuning. Before commencing
system, the following is to be ascertained:

a. The pressure drop across the equipment at the design flow

(approximate information will suffice when constant flow control
valves are fitted) which is to be obtained preferably from
manufacturers' type tests, or failing that the manufacturers'
estimates may be used.

b. The "minimum" pressure in the main (if applicable) is to be

corrected for any divergence between the light load waterline and
the waterline prevailing during tuning. The main pressure is to
be measured at a particular height in the main or related to some
other height such as the light load waterline. See Clauses 0612,
0613 and 0801.

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1926. Precautions before Tuning. Before commencing to tune it is essential

that:

a. The installation and pressure test certificates for the system

have been completed.

b. The system has been flushed as instructed in Clause 1901.

C. The strainers/filters have been checked to ensure that they are

clean.
d. All equipment and equipment branches are fully primed and vented.

1927. Pressure gauges are to be calibrated immediately before tuning. If

pressure transducers are to be used the batteries in the portable
indicator are to be checked and the instrument is to be calibrated.

1928. If, during the tuning procedure, the system pressure is measured by
using a special or local pressure gauge, this gauge must be fitted to
the same tapping point as the gauge used for control purposes and must
be calibrated and corrected, if necessary, in accordance with
Clause 1925b.

1929. Tuning a System Fitted.with Diaphragm Glandless Valves. When a

detailed pressure drop:flow rate curve of the system/equipments is
available, tuning can be carried out as follows, otherwise flow meters
will be required to measure the flow rates through each equipment:

a. Select equipment branch to be tuned and fit pressure drop

instrument across the tappings.

b. Raise the system pressure to that established in Clause 1925b.

by running a pump(s) and opening up other equipment until the
required pressure is reached.

c. Open the branch valve(s) and the overboard discharge valve in the
branch which is being tuned. Adjust the diaphragm glandless valve
to achieve the required pressure drop while maintaining the system
pressure constant by adjusting diaphragm valves of other system.
equipments.

d. When the setting is correct the limit stop is to be secured by a

lock nut.

e. Repeat the procedure for each branch in the system.

f. Check the system pressure with cooling water flowing to all

equipment normally in use and corresponding number of pumps in
operation.

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g. If there is an unreasonable discrepancy between the system 0

pressure achieved and that specified it will probably be due to
the effect of pressure losses in the main "run" of the system
when the "full" flow is being passed. Some retuning may be
required probably in the branches with the longest runs. Where
such discrepancy occurs an investigation is to be carried out and
the cause rectified.

1930. Tuning a System Fitted with Orifices. The method is the same as that
outlined in Clause 1927 except that there is no external means of
adjusting the orifice size and the initial orifice size is determined
by calculation; (for the calculation of orifice sizes see Clause 1210).
Should a check prove that a branch flow rate is inadequate then the
orifice is to be reamed out if the flow is too low and replaced with a
smaller orifice if the flow is too high.

1931. Tuning a System Fitted with Constant Flow Control Valves. When tuning
a system fitted with constant flow control valves the pressure drop
across each equipment can be checked against the pressure drop: flow
rate curve of the equipment; this will ensure that the flow rates are
correct within the flow tolerance of the valve. If the flbw is
inadequate the valve is to be changed and the flow rechecked. Where
the system is supplied from a HPSW System through an orifice, the
system pressure established in Clause 1925b is to be checked with all
equipment normally in use being supplied with cooling water and with
the HPSW System pressure at the minimum level specified in Clause 0612
and corrected in accordance with Clause 1925b. If there is a large
discrepancy between system pressure obtained and that specified,
consideration is to be given to the reasons for the discrepancy and the
pressure is to be adjusted by changing the orifice size and/or the
initial calculations/assumptions rechecked.

1932. Tuning a System Supplied by an Engine Driven Pump. Where a cooling

water system is normally supplied by a centrifugal pump whose output is
directly proportional to engine speed, the initial tuning is to be
carried out using the emergency supply from the HPSW System. The
pressure used for tuning purposes is to be that established in
Clause 1925b for the main engine speed used for design purposes. 7.

1933. Pressure Warning Devices. All pressure warning devices are to be set
during system tuning; attention is drawn to Clause 1925b.

Records

1934. A record of the setting-up of the system is to be produced (by the

Shipbuilder) for each equipment and for the overall system which
indicates the following:

a. The type test or manufacturers estimate of the pressure drop

across the equipment at design flow.

b. The design flow.

c. Pressure drop on completion of tuning.

d. Estimated flow taking place.

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number of turns open to

e. For the diaphragm glandless valves, the
the nearest I turn.
of orifice.
f. For the orifice plates, the final size
percentage of error; see
g. Tapping point detail, type of junction,
BS 1042 - Code of Flow Measurement.

h. Pressure tests.

j. Trials.

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20. MATCHING-PUMP OUTPUTS

General

2001. The performance is divided into:

a. single pump systems, and

b. multi-pump systems.

where the requirements are relevant to both arrangements, they are

specified in detail under single pump systems and to avoid repetition,
reference only is made to the appropriate clause under multi-pump
systems.

Single Pump Systems

2002. Figure 30 indicates the type of single pump system characteristics to

be constructed for a typical syphonic system ie closed loop system and 3
a non-syphonic system ie the system discharge is above the waterline.
(For syphonic and non-syphonic systems see Section 8). These examples
are for the situation where pump duty matches system duty point. This
situation arises where:

a. A new pump is specified to meet the system duty.

b. A SYMES pump, by coincidence, meets the system duty.

c. An alternative impeller referred to in the SYMES dossier (see

Clauses 0908 and 0911). is "tailored" to meet the system duty.

2003. Where a SYMES range pump is specified whose duty is in excess of the
system duty, after making allowance for the margin required by
Clause 0812, the excess pump head is to be dissipated by means of flow
control devices included in the system.

2004. Figure 31 shows the characteristics to be constructed where a SYMES

centrifugal pump is fitted in a system with fixed opening flow control
devices (orifices or DG valves) and the pump is oversize for the
minimum duty. Figure 31 also shows the anticipated system operating
point and the head to be dissipated to ensure the required flow to each
equipment.
be
2005. A pump selected from the SYMES range may prove in practice to
unacceptably oversize, in which case Ministry approval is to be
obtained for using an alternative impeller, see Clause 2002c. Factors
which could influence pump selection in this context are:

a. Machinery arrangement aspects, including available space,

position and branch sizes.

b. Overall electrical power requirements.

c. Weight.

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2006. When a pump is selected from the SYMES range for a particular system it
is to be ascertained whether or not pump suction aspects relative to
NPSH required and NPSH available impose any limit on the performance of
the pump. This aspect is covered in Clauses 0917 to 0922 inclusive.
Any performance limitation at the system duty point is not acceptable
and Ministry approval is to be obtained for any performance limitations
at alternative or emergency duties.

2007. "Matched flow" systems are basically
pump characteristic is selected and/or
characteristic tuned by means of fixed
and system duty points are 'matched'.
of orifices and/or diaphragm glandless
single pump systems where the
the overall system
flow devices so that the pump
The systems are tuned by means
valves.

2008. "Matched flow" systems fall into the following two categories:

a. Simple systems where continuous flow of sea water is maintained

through the equipment whenever the plant is in operation eg air
conditioning machinery and refrigeration machinery for example.

b. A multi-equipment cooling water system where certain equipments

can be shut-off for maintenance while the remainder is supplied
with cooling water.
of the
2009. The pipework of simple systems is to be sized on the basis
equipment makers flows plus margin as detailed in Clause 0812.

2010. The pipework of multi-equipment systems, where the flow to certain

equipment may be shut-off and/or throttled in normal harbour/sea
occurring
service, is to be sized on the basis of the maximum flow rate
normal service state ie with the flow
in the system and offtakes in a
rates to the equipments obtained by appropriate shut-off and/or
manual
throttling of certain equipment offtakes. Throttling may be by
control or automatic control as an aid to or means of fluid temperature
control.
in
2011. Head Against Flow Characteristics when Shutting-off Equipments
a System with Fixed Opening Flow Control Devices. Figure 32 shows a
..
superimposed on a typical
typical centrifugal pump H:Q characteristic
head
system H:Q characteristic and illustrates the increase in system
those equipments open to flow when an
loss and the increase in flow to
these equipments are obtained by
equipment is shut-off. The flows in
by the new
transferring the differential pressure across them, derived
of H:Q for the individual
overall characteristic curve onto the curves
increase in all
branches. It is to be noted that the percentage
branches is the same.
system,
2012. In general, where a centrifugal pump is fitted in the
the flow rate and
shutting-off equipments does not markedly affect
the pump H:Q
hence water speeds in the other branches. The flatter
flow
characteristic used, the smaller is the increase in branch
Figure 33 and is the
rates/water speeds. This aspect is illustrated in water
the maximum
type of curve which is to be constructed to establish
speeds in each equipment/branch.

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2013. Where a system is required to operate with certain equipments shut-off

then the following is to be calculated on the basis of the maximum flow
rate obtaining in the branch under the worst conditions of operation:

a. The branch pipework bores.

b. The equipment tube water speeds.

2014. Characteristics are to be drawn in the manner shown on Figure 32 for

the various system operating regimes and with the appropriate equipment
shut-off, to indicate the maximum flow rates for the design basis.

2015. Head Against Flow Characteristic when Shutting-off Equipments in a

Pump Supplied System with Automatic Variable Opening Flow Control
Devices. Figure 34 shows the type of pump and "system" H:Q
characteristic which is to be constructed for a system fitted with
constant flow control valves. The "system" characteristic which
intercepts the pump characteristic is the sum of the characteristics of
the individual constant flow valves in the system.

2016. The flow rate through constant flow control valves will vary dnly
slightly with the pressure differential across the valve and the flow
rate tolerance can vary from maker to maker.

2017. Where constant flow control valves are specified for sea water systems
the pressure range differential is to be specified so that the valve
maker can:

a. Provide a valve which will ensure the design flow rate at the
highest pressure differential normally to be expected to occur in
the system.

b. Advise the maximum flow rate which will occur.

2018. The system designer is to calculate the size of the system pipework,
the equipment tube water speeds and the size of pump on the basis of
the maximum flow rate through the constant flow valves to avoid
unnecessary risk of erosion problems and also to ensure each equipment
receives not less than its design flow rate in all normal conditions of
operation.

2019. In this type of system the margin, to provide for pump wear fouling and
electrical frequency variation, is included on the pressure side; see
Clause 0812.

2020. Constant flow control valves are for use primarily in sea water systems
supplied from the HPSW System. However, where they are used in "pumped"
systems the pump characteristic is to be selected bearing in mind that
the lower variation in pressure differential across these valves the
smaller the flow rate variation through them; a lower range of flow
rates in the branches could lead to smaller pipe bores being acceptable.

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2021. Systems with Equipment and/or Overboards Located above the Waterline.
Syphonic and non-syphonic system H:Q characteristics include a component
of head defined as "head above waterline" this takes account of the
parts of such systems or their equipments which are located above the
waterline. The requirements for these systems are given in
Clauses 0813 to 0819 inclusive. The three main system categories are
as follows:
a. Syphonic system, where the "head above waterline" is of influence
only uten priming during start-up. Once the system is primed the
syphonic action cancels the head loss due to height above the
waterline. The type of characteristic to be constructed for this
type of system is shown in Figure 35.

b. Basically non-syphonic (with a syphonic leg) with overboard

discharge located slightly above the waterline on an even keel
and an equipment located above the level of the overboard
discharge, the system includes a syphonic leg which reduces the
operating differential head. The type of characteristic to be
constructed for this type of system is shown on Figure 36. This
arrangement is to be avoided wherever practical, particularly
where variable speed engine driven pumps are used because of
starting problems and reduced (possibly nil) flow rate at low
engine speeds.

c. Non-syphonic system involving a large head above waterline eg OMS

diesel generating sets. The characteristic to be constructed for
this type of system, is shown on Figure 37.

2022. It is to be noted from Figures 36 and 37 that roll/heel has a

pronounced effect on the "head above waterline" and that the pump
output is dependent upon the change in "head above waterline". The
system designer is to ensure that:
a. The pump can meet all the operating duties. It is preferable for
the pump best efficiency point to occur at the even keel
conditions, point A on Figures 36 and 37.

b. The pipework is sized on the maximum flow rate; this occurs at

minimum "head above waterline", point B on Figures 36 and 37.

c. The NPSH available is to be greater than the NPSH required at the

flowrate at point B.

d. The motor is sized to meet the highest pump power required; most
probably the power associated with point B.

e. The maximum permissible water speeds through the equipments are

not exceeded.

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2023. Performance of Multi-Speed and Variable Syeed Centrifugal Pumps. In

the absence of pump manufactures information the pump characteristics
at speeds other than the design speed may be calculated using the
equations given in Clause 0916. Figure 38 shows the type of pump H:Q
characteristics at various speeds to be constructed for a pump driven
directly from the main engines and gives an indication of the small
total head rise developed by a centrifugal pump at low speeds.

2024. Pumps directly driven from a main engine are to have a margin on flow
in accordance with Clause 0812 to allow for pump wear and system
fouling. Where a pump supplies a number of auxiliaries whose water
requirements are expressed at varying engine speeds, the pump duty flow
is obtained using the undernoted shaft speed correction factor:-

Equipment flow rate x the comnon shaft speed

the shaft speed at which
the specified heat dissipation
is required.

2025. It is to be checked that the pump is capable of cooling the auxiliaries

over the full range of main engine shaft speeds taking into abcount the
variation in performance of the auxiliaries ie whether the heat to be
dissipated from the auxiliary is constant or varies with engine speed.

Multi-pump Systems

2026. General. The requirements, given in the earlier parts of this Section
are, in general, applicable to multi-pump systems. This part of the
section gives the additional requirement and performance aspects
particular to the operation of multi-pump systems.

2027. The Operation of Pumps in Parallel. Axial flow, mixed flow and
centrifugal pumps can be operated in parallel.

2028. Figure 39 shows the type of overall pump H:Q characteristic to be

constructed when two identical centrifugal pumps are operated in
parallel. The curve also shows two system H:Q characteristics as
follows:

a. System characteristic A is matched to the performance of both

pumps in use.

b. System characteristic B is basically system A with a number of

equipments shut-off; for comparison purposes the characteristic
is shown passing through the single pump operation duty point.

2029. The intersection of characteristic B with the pump curve shows the
increase in flow rate when two pumps are used over that when one pump
only is required. Conversely, if curve B is the normal system
characteristic then the intersection with the pump curve shows the
futility of operating pumps in parallel to increase the flow rate
through a given system. Where an increase in system flow rate is
required in a system, the system resistance is to be reduced by
removing/adjusting flow restrictors, increasing the pipe bore or
re-routing the pipework.

19

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2030. The operation of centrifugal pumps in parallel requires the designer to

determine when to start and when to stop a pump in order to ensure that
the appropriate number of pumps is in use to suit the system flow rate
requirements. The build-up of the system H:Q characteristics differ
with the type of flow control device used in the system as detailed
below:-

a. Systems supplied by LP pumps fixed opening devices

(see Clauses 2031 to 2035
inclusive)

b. Systems supplied by HPSW automatic variable opening

System devices (see Clauses 2036
and 2037).

2031. Systems with Fixed Opening Flow Control Devices. Figure 40 is the type
of characteristic the system designer is to construct for a system
fitted with multi-pumps and fixed opening flow control valves in order
to prepare instructions on starting and stopping pumps for the
operators of the machinery/equipment. The operating instructions are
to take the following form:

a. Start an additional pump when the "static pressure in the main"

falls to the acceptable minimum pressure (1.1 bar in example).

b. Stop one pump when "static pressure in the main" rises to maximum
acceptable pressure except when only one pump is running (1.8 bar
in example).
2032. It will be noted, however, that there are flows when the number of
pumps in use could be reduced by stopping at a lower pressure but this
would complicate matters for the ship staff and is not to be advocated.
2033. Operation of the pumps at static pressures (gauge) below that defined
as the "minimum" pressure in the main may result in an inadequate flow
rate to the equipment and/or increased noise, vibration and wear of the
pump due to cavitation and is not permitted. Operation of the pumps at
a static pressure (gauge) higher than that defined as the "maximum"
would result in a waste of power and a reduction in pump reliability as
a result of the increase in the total number of hours the pumps are in
operation and is not desirable.

2034. The detailed procedure for establishing the system pressure: flow rate
characteristics is given in Annex B.

2035. Annex C Paragraph 2n indicates that where a SYMES range pump is used
with a somewhat excessive total head rise the choice may increase the
number of pumps required over that which may be practical with a pump
specified for the precise duty.

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Amdt 1
2036. Systems with Automatic Variable Opening Flow Control Devices. Figure 41 3
is the type of characteristic the system designer is to construct for a
system fitted with multi-pumps and with system constant flow control
valves in order to prepare instructions on starting and stopping pumps
for the operators of the machinery/equipment 2 The operating
instructions are to take the form given in Clause 2031.

2037. A detailed procedure for establishing the H:Q characteristics for

systems with automatic variable opening flow control valves is not
provided because it is somewhat similar, although less involved in
detail, to that for systems with fixed opening flow control devices
given in Annex C. The main points of difference to note are:

a. The system characteristic at the pump operating points is a

constant flow control valve characteristic and not a square law
system characteristic.

b. The flow tolerance inherent in constant flow control valves.

c. The margin for pump wear etc is on head instead of flow, see k
Clause 0812.

2038. Sizing of Motors for Centrifugal Pumps Operating in Parallel. Factors

which require to be taken into account when selecting or specifying a
centrifugal pump for operation in parallel with an identical pump or
pumps are as follows:

a. One pump is to be capable of starting up and priming a "wide

open" system.

b. A pump is to remain in operation when the other pump or pumps

stop for any reason with the system virtually "wide open".

2039. In both these situations the pump will "run out" on its H:Q
characteristic and operate beyond its specified duty point ie operate
at a higher flow rate and a lower total head rise than the pump's
specified duty. The effect of "run out" on a pump is an increase or
decrease in power depending on whether the power flow rate
characteristic is a rising power of a non-overloading power
characteristic.

2040. A non-overloading pump characteristic results in a fall in power

required as the flow increases beyond some percentage in excess of the
design point flow. This means that a motor sized on the basis of a
limited excess on flow on the pump duty point power will not be
overloaded when operating at any point on the pump characteristic
between shut valve total head rise and zero total head rise.

2041. A rising power pump characteristic results in an increase in power

required as the flow increases beyond the duty flow. In consequence,
the motor for a pump with this type of characteristic is to be sized to
provide the pump power required at either:

a. Zero total head rise, or

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b. Where cavitation limits the pump output ie NPSH available is less

than NPSH required (most pumps have a very steeply rising NPSH
required curve at flows some percentage in 'excess of design point
flow, such that the precise suction system losses, suction head
etc are not of first order significance in this assessment).

whichever gives the smallest motor power.

the motor
2042. When it is necessary to use a pump from the SYMES range,
using the information in the
power is to be checked to be adequate
appropriate SYMES dossier.
pump
2043. When it is necessary to use a pump outside the SYMES range, the
to ensure the provision of a
specification is to include the following
motor of adequate power:
and
a. A Clause stating "The unit is to be capable of starting
pressure (gauge) in the
operating against any pump discharge
range X to that at pump shut valve condition when the pump
suction pressure (gauge) is X bar".
at low
b. A Clause stating "The Ministry may accept pump cavitation
an empty system if
pump discharge pressures (gauge) when filling
required.. The pump
this leads to a reduction in size of motor
on this
maker is to obtain Ministry approval before proceeding
basis".
(see
c. Curves of maximum and minimum NPSH available: flow rate
Notes 2. and 3. below).

NOTES:

1. The critical value of X is normally the pressure equivalent

ie
of the minimum height of water above the pump impeller
light load waterline under heel conditions.
using
2. The maximum NPSH available characteristic is obtained
impeller ie deep
the maximum height of water above the pump
is used to
load waterline under heel conditions; this curve
obtain the maximum pump "run out" condition.
using
3. The minimum .NPSH available characteristic is obtained
ie
the minimum height of water above the pump impeller
curve is
light load waterline under heel conditions; this
anywhere
required to ensure that the pump does not cavitate
near the duty point.

the type of characteristic to be

2044. Pumps in Series. Figure 42 shows to boost system pressure.
constructed where pumps are operated in series
identical pumps in series
The example is for a system arrangement using
but is typical for pumps
to supply two systems at different pressures
on Figure 42.
in series. The system arrangement is shown

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The Influence of Pump Characteristics on the Selection of Pump Types

2045. The characteristics for the operation of pumps in parallel are to be

matched to ensure that one pump does not suppress unduly the output
from the other. Allowance should be made for the fact that because of
production tolerances so called "identical" pumps do not have identical
characteristic. Disparities in pump performance can be evened put by
using a pump characteristic which is not too flat. Figure 43
illustrates the type of characteristics which are to be constructed to
ensure satisfactory parallel operation.
a
2046. Axial flow pumps and mixed flowpumps with an axial flow bias have
rather limited range of outputbecause of the unstable zone as
indicated typically on Figure 44. In consequence, when those types of
pumps are used in parallel, pump automatic bypass to sea arrangements
are provided (see Clause 0903) to ensure a sensibly constant pump
output when system branches are shut-off. With axial flow type pumps
the BHP increases as the flow reduces hence the motors specified/
provided for these pumps are to be capable of providing the power
required at the pump shaft at the minimum flow rate likely to occur in
service.
than
2047. In general, the pump NPSH required is less for a centrifugal pump
for an axial flow type pump and therefore where poor suction conditions
exist centrifugal pumps are to be preferred for system arrangements
aspects.
a centrifugal
2048. Preferably, centrifugal pumps and mixed flow pumps with
bias are to have a non-overloading characteristic, so that a motor
sized on the power required at the duty point is adequate for larger
operating flows to safeguard the pumps in the event of any system
mal-operation. It should be noted, however, that if the pump is
designed for the normal duty, this type of characteristic is unsuitable
rate
where the pump is required to provide a considerably higher flow
an emergency. If this type of pump is
when supplying another system in
and a relatively poor pump efficiency
sized to cover the emergency duty
used for
is accepted under normal operating conditions then it can be
and is the type of
dual duties. Figure 45 indicates the principle
assist in pump selection.
curve to be constructed by the designer to
is
2049 Where any centrifugal type pump with a rising power characteristic
used, the motor is to be capable of providing the power required at the
maximum flow; this could be the flow as dictated by the pump NPSH
requirements or the flow at zero total head rise. See Clause 2041.

2050. In general, the shape of the H:Q characteristic for centrifugal type
A "steep" H:Q
pumps is chosen to suit the system design requirements. opening
for a system with variable flow
characteristic is preferred
it could lead to a smaller motor than would be
control devices because
required for a corresponding "flat" H:Q characteristic; however,
is
attention is drawn to Clause 2020. A "flat" H:Q characteristic
preferred:

124
 NES 719
Issue 2

a. For a system with fixed opening flow control devices where it is

required to shut-off equipments because the pipe sizes probably
will be less than those required by a "steep" characteristic, see
Annex C Paragraphs 2e to 2h inclusive, and

b. Where the pump is required to provide an emergency duty flow rate

in excess of the normal duty flow rate, as referred to in
Clause 2048.

LPSW Systems with Fixed Opening Flow Control Devices

in Equipment Branches and Supplied from the HPSW Main

2051. The performance of LPSW Systems of this type supplied from an HPSW Main
is affected by changes of pressure in:

a. The HPSW Main as a result of starting or stopping HPSW pumps in

to
response to variation in HPSW System demand, see Clauses 2053
2055 inclusive, and

b. The LPSW System when equipments in the system are shut-off, see
Clauses 2056 to 2059 inclusive.

2052. The maximum pressure in the main is the pump total pressure rise at
zero flow plus or minus the difference in height between the main and
the waterline. The minimum value is set by the static pressure (gauge)
required at the firefighting equipment.

2053. Effect of Change of UPSW System Pressure. The HPSW System which
supplies the LPSW Main varies between:

a. The maximum practicable (PHA),

b. The minimum at which it is expected, and arranged by the Ships

machinery operating instructions, that additional pumps will be
brought into use to boost the HPSW System pressure. (PHB)
Main is to
2054. The flow control device between the HPSW System and the LPSW
be designed to pass the LPSW System design flow at the minimum HPSW
"* pressure (PHB). This implies that at "normal" and maximum HPSW
be
pressures, the flow to and through the LPSW Main and its legs will
PHB chosen for the design of
larger than design, and that the value of
the LPSW System is to prevent the possibility of, excessive water
speeds occurring in the system.
in the
2055. The effect on pressure in the LPSW Main with change in pressure
HPSW System is to be taken as:-

PH2
PL 2 = PL x (1)

in the
and the effect on flow in the LPSW Main with change in pressure
HPSW System is to be taken as:

125
NES 719
Issue 2

QL2 = QL1 PH2 (2)

Q = flow rate

p = pressure

H = high

L = low

1 = initial condition

2 = final condition

2056. Effect of Isolation of Some Branches in the LPSW Systems. The change
in LPSW Main pressure and the resulting change in sea water flow in
individual branches due to changes in the number of branches open to
the main is to be taken as: )
PH x PL I
PL 2 -
PL + x2 (PH 1 - PL1 )

For definition of Q, P, H, L, I and 2 see Clause 2055.

= design flow in the legs left open

"original" design
"original" flow in all legs

2057. Figure 46 shows the type of characteristic to be constructed for this

situation. In this example the HPSW Main pressure is constant and the
LPSW Main take-off's range from zero to 100% shut off and there are
three initial LPSW Main pressures of 2.5, 1.5 and 0.7 bar when all the
branches are open. Both the HPSW and LPSW Systems are assumed to be at
the same level to avoid the (generally small) effect of constant head
differences. The actual flow in the legs left open is greater than
this fraction of the original, with each leg remaining open carrying C
its original design flow:-

2058. Where the resulting LPSW Main pressure exceeds that which is recognised
by the use of equation (2) in Clause 2055 as giving excessive water
speeds in the LPSW Main or in one or more of its branches, then either
an alternative fixed orifice flow control device between HPSW and LPSW
Systems or an additional adjustable control (eg a diaphragm valve) in
series with the fixed orifice control is to be provided.

126
 NES 719
Issue 2

2059. The overall effect of Clauses 2053 to 2058 inclusive are to be

considered in the design of the system. Generally it is found that
there is enough "oversize" in pipework and in equipment cooler
tube-stacks to accept not only the normal variation of HPSW System
pressure but the (typical) variations in shut-off branches except where
these are a function of-systems supplying both "at sea' and "in harbour"
equipments. In this latter case, the use of alternative or additional
HP/LB control devices in parallel is to be provided.

LPSW Systems with Variable Opening Flow Control Devices

in Equipment Branches and Supplied from the HPSW Main

2060. The (gauge) pressure in a LPSW Main, with variable opening flow control
devices, changes:

a. With change in pressure in the HPSW Main, see Clause 2061.

b. When branches in the LPSW System are shut-off; see Clause 2062.

2061. Effect of Change of HPSW System Pressure. When an orifice or a

diaphragm glandless valve is included in the supply from the HPSW
System, the change in pressure in the LPSW Main is linear with increase
in HPSW Main pressure ie a I bar increase in pressure in the HPSW Main
will result in a 1 bar increase in pressure in the LPSW Main.

NOTE: The flow in the system may vary slightly with increase in
pressure because of the pressure and flow characteristic of
constant flow control valves.

2062. Effect of Isolation of Some Branches in the LPSW Systems. When

equipments are shut-off, the change in pressure in the LPSW System is
due to change in pressure loss across the HP/LP fixed orifice. This
change in LPSW pressure is to be taken as:

PL 2 = PH - (PH - PL 1 ) (x) 2

where = "original" design flow in legs left open

"original" design flow in all legs

PH is the HPSW Main pressure and is assumed constant.

and P, Q, H, L, 1 and 2 are as defined in Clause 2055.

2063. Figure 47 shows the type of characteristic to be constructed for this

situation. This example shows the rapid increase in LPSW Main pressure
for a small reduction in design flow shut-off. This type of curve is
to be used by the system designer to prepare, as necessary, the
instructions for the operators of the machinery/equipment, to reduce
the LPSW Main pressure by throttling the flow control valve provided in
the HPSW System supply to ensure that the equipment is not operated for
prolonged periods near its design maximum working pressure.

127
NES 719
Issue 2

12 SYPHONIC SYSTEM
II

B NT.
A ~OVERALL SYSTEM
m CHARACTERISTIC

w4

0 00 200
FLOW RATE -Q (m3/it)
14
NON-SYPHONIC SYSTEM
13

IaI

t
_
OVERALL SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTIC. 0
I I SYSTEM
( I FRICTION
<6 HEAD
'.) LOSS.

HEAD ABOVE WATER LINE.

O 100 200
FLOW PATE -

FIGURE 30 - SINGLE PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

SEE CLAUSE 2002

128
 NES 719
Issue 2

16
ACTUAL -SYSTEM
CTE ST CHARACTERISTIC
TO SUIT PUMP

12

TO BE
DISSIPATED
BY TUNING.

I !
(3 I SYSTEM
<=w IFRICTION
HEAD LOSS
BASED ON
DESIGN

4 FLOW
N~o TUNING
IN BRANCH
INTA SSE WHICH
INITIALSYSTEMDICTATES,
CHARACTERISTIC I HEAD LOSS)
H e Q2

... ,.:
0 - DESIGN FLOW.
100j200
FLOW RATE- (ITn3/

NOTES:-
I. 1 REPRESENTS PUMP ACTUAL DUTY POINT

2. DESIGN FLOW= !"EQUIPIvENT MAKERS FLOW RATES PLUS MARGIN.

FIGURE 31 - PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

USING AN OVERSIZED PUMP
SEE CLAUSE 2004

129
NES 719
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Amdt I

OPERATING SYSTEM
POINT CHARACTERISTIC
WITH BRANCH DUTY POINT

BRANCH D TOE, OVERALL SYSTEM

Q2 CHARACTERISTIC
E E .WITH Q1 = ALL BRANCHES
OPEN

HHC3 0 HC0

3 1h )
FLOW RATE -Q(m

HB2 = HEAD LOSS IN BRANCHES }BRANCHoDTOGWI WL

HC2 =HEAD LOSS FROM AIDD SHUT.OFF

HB3= HEAD LOSS IN BRANCHES -LALLBRANCHES PUMP H E

HC3= HEAD LOSS FROM ATO 0 J OPEN C - QF

QI = FLOW IN BRANCH D TOE ; ALL BRANCHES OPEN a F

aIE
02 = FLOW RATE IN BRANCH DTOE
[A
BRANCH 0 TO G SHUT OFF
AQ= INCREASE IN FLOW RATE IN BRANCH DTo E
WITH BRANCH OTOG SHUTOFF
AH= INCREASE IN PUMP HEAD WITH BRANCH TO a
SHUT OFF
100 AQ PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN FLOW RATE IN BRANCH DTOE
01 AND IN BRANCH D TO F WHEN BRANCH 0 TO G IS SHUT OFF

FIGURE 32 - HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SYSTEM

FITTED WITH FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICES;
SINGLE PUMP OPERATION
SEE CLAUSE 2011

130
 NES 719
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Amdt 1

PERENTAGE OF EQUIPMENT
DESIGN FLOW SHUT-OFF

120I

I (D)I ( 100%y, (=(A)(B)

BASIS OF CURVES (C)1 (0) V "
WITH X% OF DESIGN FLOW (BRANCHES) I SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
SHUT OFF (o0-x)% OF ORIGINAL TOTAL I
FLOW WILL PASS THROUGH BRANCHES I
LEFT OPEN WITH SAME A H ACROSS
THEM. HOWEVER AS THE PUMP
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE INDICATE,
STHE FLOW THROUGH THE BRANCHES HEAD LOSS IN BRANCHES (B)
o WILL INCREASE BY AQ

HEAD LOSS IN BRANCHES AT

60 -
60_____ _____
I 100% DESIGN FLOW THROUGH
I / EQUIPMENT (B)

I HEAD LOSS IN PIPING

_m I COMMON TO BRANCHES (A)

860
0 90 100 120
FLOW RATE-Q(%)- -

EXAMPLES

%REO.UIRED DESIGN FLOW /oINCREASE IN BRANCH FLOW

90 5
80 10

A DUTY POINT
AQ INCREASE INFLOW THROUGH BRANCHES
WHEN SHUTTING-OFF EQUIPMENT (S)

FIGURE 33 - HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS, EFFECT OF SHUTTING

OFF EQUIPMENTS
SEE CLAUSE 2012

131
 NES 719
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Amdt 1

BRANCH ES I
OE OF 06. PUMP
CHARACTER191 C
24
DUTTY POINT
- - - -
22 - - -- - -

BRANCH VALVEI
CHARACTERISTICS (A)
MARGIN 4m

ODE EFFECT OF SHUTTING

16DE OFF BRACH DE. I
-0F (Q=OF+ QDOG)

D(B) ")
MINIMUM HEAD LOSS
T DESIGN FLOW- Q.=Q DE.
TOTAL
0 DF + IDGPROVIDE VALVES
-S-iACROSS 'TO
REaUIRED
AND TOTAL DESIGN HEAD-H= A+B'4 POVID REQUIR

r II

(C)
FOR DERIVATION OF SYSTEM MAXIMUM BRANCH
CHARACTERISTIC SEE FIG 21 7 HEAD LOSS;
SEA INLEr TO
OVERBOARD
DISCHARGE BASED
ON O

0 100. 200
FLOW RATE- 0 (m3/h)
NOTES:-
BRANCH VALVE CHARACTERISTICS ARE IN FACT CONSTANT
FLOW CONTROL VALVE CHARACTERISTICS AND ARE SHOWN
INCLINED FOR CLARITY

Q= EQUIPMENT MAKERS FLOW PLUS

TOLERANCE (SEE 2015) +
PUMP E
*: CONSTANT FLOW VALVE

G
[A-+* k

FIGURE 34 - HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR A SYSTEM

FITTED WITH CONSTANT FLOW VALVES; SINGLE
PUMP OPERATION. SEE CLAUSE 2015

,*3,,
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1

0 TO E
NON - SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
SYPHONIC WITH A TO E SYPHONIC
ATO E +ATO F + A TO G
START UP WITH

T TO E NON-SYPHONIC

,:! C)L aLO(3

F Q = DF'+&O

.BRNHU~
P TOAANBTPIEDWE F A OIE/

NORAECH-

TTT ISW

3 AL AR RW N H AI ToVE

TYPOICL STM SEEN0 TO 0823NBpBE

TOTA DEIGDFOW
FLO SRATE+MRGIN BRG

~ASSUMED HEAD LOSSHI

S
ACROSS BRANCH ES (iHE

FIGURE 35 - SYPHONIC SYSTh.M PRIMING AND RUNNING

HEAD: FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS
SEE CLAUSE 2021Da

I 33
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt I

PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
OPERATING POINTS

HEAD AVAILABLE TO
PRIME EQUIPMENT

.... \EHLEDED
TO PORT

c - --

STARBOARO
STARTING
HEAD
(HEELED)

OPERATING HE$D
-(HEE T LED)'
OPERATING HEAD
(EVEN KEEL)

QD
op
FLOW RATE
D = - EQUIPMENT MAKERS FLOW PLUS MARGIN IF APPROPRIATE
OP = FLOW RATE FOR SIZING PIPE BORES AND CALCULATING EQUIPMENT
TUBE WATER SPEEDS
S DUT( POINT

HEAD ABOVE
WLfSTARTINQ) I-HEAD ABOVE
°
W L (OPERATING)

SYPHONIC LEG

PORT STARBOARD

FIGURE 36 - EFFECT OF HEEL ON A SYSTEM INVOLVING A

DISCHARGE ABOVE WATERLINE
SEE CLAUSE 2021.b.

134
 NES 719
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Amdt I

• DuT[Y POINT

HEAD LOSS HozQ2 B/

C3

EQUIPMENT FLOW PLUS MARGIN

FLOW USED IN PIPEWORK SIZING

FLOW RATE (Q) -SYPHON BREAKER

NOTE'- WL 30
CHARACTERISTICS ARE APPLICABLE- Y.
TO A SINGLE PUMP SYSTEM WITH A
HEAT EXCHANGER TO ONE SIDE OF
THE SHIP

2. DISCHARGE CAN BE ABOVE OR BELOW PM

W.L.WITHOUT AFFECTING THIS ANALYSIS.

FIGURE 37 - NON-SYPHONIC SYSTEM WITH A LARGE HEAD

ABOVE WATERLINE
SEE CLAUSE 2021.c

135
 NES 719
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Amdt 1

PS PUMP SPEED
20 MSS = MAIN SEHAFT SPEED

PUP±FICEC 40010
CURVES HO.CQ 2
I S 200 R

f M40fof

/0 1

S YST'IF CHARACTERISTIC

MSS =100 RPM

Si-PS 32,RPM
MSS -50 RPM
AO 60 So. 00 120 140 S
0 20
:3
?LOWRATE Q (m /h)

FIGURE 38 -HEAD): FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS OF A

SHAFT DRIVEN PUMP AT VARIOUS SPEEDS
SEE CLAUSE 2023
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt I

RATCHARACTERISTIC

ONE PUMP Two Pumps

8I A

= REASE IN FLOW RATE WHEN TWO P=. S

ARE USED AND ONE PUMP= ONLY IS REQUIRED

V= DUTY PoINT

FIGURE 39 - OPERATION OF TWO CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

IN PARALLEL
SEE CLAUSE 2028

137
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1

Q: o ., -- ------
-- ALLOWALE
MAXIMUM ,-
PRESSURE --
- (GAUGE) -

STATIC

STATIC PRESSURE IN MAIN PIPE

----- TRANSIENT CONDITION

A POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STARTED
0 POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STOPPED

NOTE'.- ASSUMED ZERO FLOW STATIC HEAD = 2m (0. 2 BAR)

STATIC
FIGURE 40 - MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM;
PRESSURE IN MAIN; FLOW RATE; FIXED OPENING
FLOW CONTROL DEVICES. SEE CLAUSE 2031

138.
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt I

PUMP CHARACTERISTIC (WITH INCREASING

No. OF PUMPS IN USE)

Ln

VALVE CHARACTERISTIC (WITH INCREASING

... -No. OF VALVES IN USE) IMINIMUM STATIC
& - PRESSURE (GAUGE

DESIGN FLOW
RATE THROUGH VALVES

500 1000 1500

FLOW RATE I(m3/h)

FIGURE 41 -MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM; STATIC

PRESSURE IN MAIN; FLOW RATE; AUTOMATICALLY
VARIABLE OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICES
SEE CLAUSE 2036

139
NES 719
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Amdt I

ChARh
PUMP CHARACrEpIS17C/

DUYPOINTf

HIGHER PRESSURE SW SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTIC
SA ITOTAL HEAD
RISE ACROSS
M ONE PUMP

STATIC HEAD INLP SW MAIN I

FLOW RATE 0
(TO H.P SW MAIN)

HIGHER PRESSURE SW MAIN

L P SW MAIN N

IDENTICAL PUMPS.

FIGURE 42 - OPERATION OF PUMP IN SERIES

SEE CLAUSE 2044 --

140
 NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1

FLAT CHARACTERISTIC

FLOW RATE- 0 -
NOTE- PUMP 'B" CAN BE 'SHUT OFF' BY PUMP ' WHEN
EQUIPMENTS ARE ISOLATED IT IS THEN
INEFFECTIVE AND LIABLE TO OVERHEAT

MPAB

_TEESYSTEM LOSS AE

CD
.

FLOW RATE-Q-
PUMP'S' CANNOT BE 'SHUT OFF'. BY PUMP 'A'
WHEN EQUIPMENTS ARE ISOLATED

FIGURE 43 - MATCHING PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

SEE CLAUSE 2045

141
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1

N--T

SOPERATING
RA NGE.

QC UNS TABLE

N-1

FLOW RATE - Q

FIGURE 44 - TYPICAL AXIAL FLOW PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

SEE CLAUSE 2046

142
 NES 719
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Amdt 1

PUMP DESIGN
PUMP POINTr
- ! EFICIENCY S/

OEA.L DUTY /

.o 1/D / /

- 1-/
Ponnp / I "

Ir / I I /

FLOW RATE-

FIGURE 45 - PUMP CHARACTERISTICS TO SUIT DUAL DUTIES

SEE CLAUSE 2048

143
NES 719
Issue 2
Amdt 1
HP SW MAIN
DOG VALVE SUPPLY DEVICE FIXED OPENING
7 P SW MAIN FLOWCONTROL

E QUIPMENT
/ VALVE
/ /
/
7

/ /
/ /
DGVALVE
6 SHIP SIDE /
/
CURVE BASED ON /
PH 7BAR / /
PLi 1-5 BAR (FULL) / I
0"7 BAR (DOTTED) / /
2.5 BAR (DOTTEC)
/, / .

//
/ / / i/i
/

/
2'
/HR -

/ AT FLi
OESL.

2 ' / P2:PRESSUREINLPSWMAIN

WITH •SOME EQUIPMENTS

A- SHUT-OFF (FLOW 02

- 02 :DESIGN FLOW RATE TO THOSE

/ SYSTEM LEGS LEFT OPEN
sl 01 :DESIGN FLOW RATE. X " 2 -

0.
1

02 NOTE:.- ALL SYSTEM PRESSURES ARE

I -Gi) x 100 REFERRED TO WATER LINE
100 80 60 4O0 20 0
0 20 40o 60 80 100
FWOW RATE %l 100(1-K)

FIGURE 46 - LPSWV MAIN PRESSURE (GAUGE); % DESIGN :'

FLOW SHUT OFF: FIXED OPENING CONTROL DEVICES '-
SEE CLAUSE 2057

144
 NES 719
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Amdt 1

IHP SW MAIN
0- VALVE VARIABLE OPENING
SUPPLY DEVICE /FLOW CONTROL
LP SW MAIN / VALVE

C C C C= CONSTANT
EQUIP FLOW VALVE

6-
tSIPSIDE

/ / CURVE BASED ON:-

PH = 7 BAR
PLI =1-S BAR (FULL)
0"7 BAR)
&/ -(DOTTED)
< 2.5 BAR)

PL =/H (HPL)()
- /PH = PRESSURE IN HP SW MAIN
PLI1 PRESSURE IN LP SW MAIN AT DESIGN FLOW 01
.... :- L2 =PRESSURE IN LP SW MAIN WITH SOME EQUIPMENTS
/SHUT-OFF
:-.-- ::.2. (FLOW 02)
I 0 DESIGN FLOW RATE
02 =DESIGN FLOW RATE TO THOSE SYSTEM LEGS LEFT OPEN
/~ Q3
1.SEE 2056, &205
//ALL SYSTEM PRESSURES ARE REFFERED TO WATER LINE

1 00 8,0 6,0 4,i0 2,0 1

02 0 40 60 80 ".00
FLOW RATE %/ 100 (I-X)

FIGURE 47 -LPSW MAIN PPRESSURE (GAUGE); % DESIGN .FLOW

SHUT OFF; VARIABLE OPENING CONSTANT FLOW
CONTROL DEVICES. SEE CLAUSE 2063

145
NES 719
Issue 2

ANNEX A
SPRAY SYSTEM CALCULATIONS

Pre-requisites

1. Drawing of the system showing:

a. Pipe sizes (internal diameter) and position of change of

diameter.

b. Pipe lengths.

C. Pipe bends.

d. Pipe material

e. Relative vertical position of the pipe run from the

selected datum.

f. Valve positions and type.

g. Type of spray nozzl and 3 the flow characteristics.

Generally in. the form Qm /second = K Pbar.

h. Statement of the spray density required, the size of

the compartment, and the maximum pressure-available at the
stop valve on the HPSW main supply.

Procedure
case of
2. For the spray nozzle farthest from the supply point, N3A in the
distribution from the
Figure 48, assume a pressure that will ensure a good
rate through the spray
nozzle. This pressure will -determine what the flow
will be, using l(f). This flow rate passing through the pipe of a given
loss of
length and of-a given diameter will result in a pressure drop or
head. C
This can be calculated from the formula:

Head Loss = 10.7 L [ 1.852

where:
1.852 4.87 ID
CHW X

Head loss is in metres (I bar = 10 metres)

Length is in metres.
CHW is the Hazen Williams constant - 130 for CuNi pipes
D is the internal diameter of the pipe in metres3
Q is the flow rate in cubic metres per second m /s
made up of
It should be noted that the length L is the equivalent pipe length
metres due to bends, sudden
the actual pipe length plus the increase in
coefficient from
changes in section, tee junctions, ie using the pipe length
The calculation will give
Table 6 and multiplying by the internal diameter.
pressure at the spray head
the head loss to which has to be added the initial
The effects of velocity head is
and the effect of any height change. NOTE:
ignored.

ANNEX A 146
 NES 719
Issue 2

3. For the next spray assume the same initial pressure head as the first
and add to the actual pipe length the effect of the diverting tee.
Calculate as before the total head required and compare it with the head
required for the first nozzle. Should there be a difference adjust using
the formula Q =[ HI] 0.54 when balanced add Ql to Q2 to obtain the
Q2 tH2J
flow rate through the next pipe ie from A 1 to A. Again using the procedure
in paragraph 2 the head loss can be calculated.

4. Twice the flow rate through A-A 1 ie 2XQ 3 = Q4 gives the flow rate
through A-B so the head loss up to point B can be calculated. This value
at point B is the pressure supplying water to nozzles NlB and N2B. To
obtain this flow, start at NIB with an assumed pressure, say the same as
for nozzle N3A, and as in paragraph 2 calculate the head loss to B0 and on
to B. Should there be a difference, adjust the flow/head until the total
head equates to the head in the main using the formula in paragraph 3 of
.... Ql - [ii] 0.54
Q1 = HI]
Q2

5. Summing the quantities and proceeding as before the head loss from B to
C can be found and this added to give the total head at C. In a similar
manner to that used to balance B to the main line pressure, the branch C can
be calculated and balanced.

6. This procedure is continued until the complete system has been calculated
and the resultant quantity Q can be compared with the design requirement for
the compartment of area x density, of spray. If the quantity has to be
adjusted the pressure will also change by the ratio given in paragraph 3 viz:
= r1
H 0.54
= H1 Should the revised pressure be greater than that
Q2 [12
available in the mains, the pipe sizes should be increased and if necessary
A larger nozzles or more nozzles with lower initial pressure assumed and the
whole system recalculated.

7. A sample calculation has been included to illustrate the procedure.

147 ANNEX A
NES 719
Issue 2

Table 6

Component Equivalent Pipe Length

Coefficient

Valves
15
Ball/Plug
3-Way Ball/Plug 60
Butterfly 30
Diaphragm 150
Gate 12
3-Way Temperature Control 160
Swing Check 60

Strainers 40

Sudden Change of Section Large to Small 20

Bends
900 R/D < 8 12
4500 8

180 or 2 adjacent 900 20

Tees. Dividing Flow i- 2

3

Branch 1-' 3

250
Vb/V 0.5
70
Vb/V 1.0
60
Vb/V 1.25
Vb/V 1.50 50

Main 1 2 Negligible

Tees. Y Dividing Tee 2 T-->3

1
1- 2 or 1- 3

yb/V 0.5 250

V/V 0.7 120
Vb/V 1.0

Vb = Branch Velocity

V = Combined or Main Flow Velocity

The equivalent length Le (in metres) = Coefficient x i.d.

1000

Where 'i.d.'is the inside pipe bore diameter in mm.

For the Hazen-Williams formula values of C are:
C = 140 for "extremely smooth and straight pipes" with
"continuous interior"

C = 130 for "verysmooth pipes"

C = 120 for "smooth pipes"

ANNEX A 148
 NES 719
Issue 2

Calculation Sheet
Assumed CHW for Cu Ni pipework to be 130

Pressure at nozzles, N3 etc is assumed 3 bar, and the nozzle characteristics

to be Q litres/second = 1.3'/-Pbar. Hence when P = 3 bar 3
Q=1.3 /-3 = 2.25 x 10- m/s
Branch Diameter Length Tees Bends Sudden Equivalent Length
(m) (m) Changes (m)

N -A 0.027 1.6 NIL 1 x 12 1 x 20 (32 x 0.027 + 1.6)

3A 1 -3 3
Q, = 2.25 x110 m /s 1.82Head
1=3+ = 30m - 1.852 =_-31.74m
2.46m
Head at A + 10.7 x 2.46 4.8 L.
130 x 0.027

Change of Height -0.lim

31.64m

N A-A 0.027 0.1 1 x 62 0 0 (62 x 0.027 + .1)

Q2 2.25 x 10- 3 m3/s Head =30m = 1.77m

Head at A 1 = 30 + 1.26 =31.26
Change of Height = -0.1
The assumed Q2 gives a balance outside of 1% 31.16m
Revised Q2= (31.64) 33 -3
2 =(31.6) x 2.25 x 10 - 3 = 2.27 x 10

A-A 0.0415 1.5 1 x BO 0 0 4.82

Q3 = 4.52 x 10- 3 m /s
Head = 31.64m

Head at A = 31.64 + 1.53 = 33.17m

No change in height
A-B 0.0542 2.0 0 1 x 12 1 x 20 3.73m
-3 3
Q4 = 2 x Q 3 = 9.04 x 10 m3/s Head = 33.17m
Head at B = 33.17 + 1.17 = 34.34m
Change in Height = -0.20m
34.14m

Branch B
N B-B0 0.027 2.3 1 x 60 1 x 12 0 4.14m

Q5 = 2.25 x 10- 3 m3/s Head =30m

Head at B = 30.0 + 2.93 32.93m

0 Change in Height -0.10m
32.83m

1 49
ANNEX A
NES 719
Issue 2

Diameter Length Tees Bends Sudden EquivalentLength

Branch (m)
(m) (m) Changes

0.2 1 x 70 0 0 3.11m
BO-B 0.0415
- 3 m 3/s Head = 32.83
Q6= 2 x Q5 = 4.5 x 10
33.81
Head at B = 32.83 + 0.98 -0.20
Change in Height
33.61m

of 1% of head
The assumed Q gives a balance at B outside
54 -3 3
in line A-B viz 34.14. 4.54 x 10 i Is
Increase Q6 to 4.5 x (34.14)
(33.61)

Main Line
0 0 0 2.0
B-C 0.072 2.0
-3 Head = 34.14m
Q 7 = Q4 + Q6 = 13.58 x 10 m3 Is
34.47m
Head at C = 34.14 + 0.33
No change in height

Branch C
1 x 60 1 x 12 0 4.14m
*IC-C 0.027 2.3
3 /s
- 3 mi Head =30.Om
Q 8 =2.25 x 10
32.93
Head at C0 = 30.0 + 2.93 Change in Height -0.10
32.83m

1 x 7 0 0 3.941m
0.0415 0.2
CO- C

Q9 = 2 x Q8 = 4.50 x -I 3 /s Head = 32.83m o

33.81m
Head at C = 32.83 + 0.98
Change in Height +0.20
34.01m

Again to obtain an acceptable balance

Q9 x x(34.47) .54 = 4.53 x10 -3
- 3
rn/s

(34.01)

Main Line
0 0 0 1.0
C-D 0.072 1.0
-3 Head = 34.47m
Q10 = Q7 + Q9 = 18.11 x 10 m3 /s
3.48 bar
Head at D = 34.47 + 0.28 = 34.75m or
required to supply 18.11 litres/second

A50
ANNEX A
 NES 719
Issue 2

BORE SHOWN BY ® m

....
X 0..1 0 1
9

01 N2C

09 RISER 15

N16 6

o5 xs
IB/.2 RI E
0.1 07 N021

N3A 2

• ;Q2 A S X

N4A

FIGURE 48 - SPRAY SYSTEM

151
ANNEX A
NES 719
Issue 2

ANNEX B

AN EXAMPLE OF ADJUSTING BRANCH

HEAD LOSSES BY CHANGING PIPE BORES

1. Figure 50 shows a typical SW system arrangement having a relatively

short large bore branch and a long, small bore branch.

2. The details of the system are as follows:

First
Max. Estimate
Permissible Pipe Actual
Flow Water Speed Bore Water Speed
(m /h) (mls) (mm) (mls)

Main LO Cooler 123 3 154.4 1.83

Plummer Bearing .55 1.2 14.0 0.99

Pump Suction and

Discharge 123.6 3 154.4 1.83

TABLE 7. SYSTEM DETAILS

3. The component and total systems head losses are as follows:

Main LO Plummer Main

Bearing Piping
Equipment Cooler
Length Head Length Head Length Head
or Loss or Loss or Loss
No.Off (m) No.Off (m) No.Off (m)

Piping 4.6m 0.08 15m 1.70 3m 0.05

Bends 2 0.08 8 0.15 2 0.09

Ball Valves 0 0 4 0.10 0 0

1 0.08 0 0 2 0.16
Butterfly Valves
D/G Valves 1 0.41 1 0.24 0 0

Swing Check Valves 0 0 0 0 1 0.16

Strainer 0 0 0 0 1 0.11

Inlet 0 0 0 0 1 0.11

Leaving Loss 1 0.16 1 0.10 0 0

Equipment Loss 1.53 1.53 0

2.34 3.82 0.68

TABLE 8. SYSTEM COMPONENT AND HEAD LOSS

152
ANNEX B
 NES 719
Issue 2

The total system head loss (H) is dictated by the plummer bearing

branch and is 3.82 + 0.68 = 4.5m.

This is considerably in excess of the head loss of 3.02m across

the main LO cooler circuit.

Increasing the plummer bearing branch to 22mm bore reduces the head

loss in the pipe as follows:

3.82 - 1.53 = 2.29 215

H Hf- LWJ
H= 2.29 .24
9.6

Total head loss across

plummer bearing branch .24 + 1.53 = 1.77m

4. The example illustrates that by increasing the plunmer bearing piping

from 14 to 22 mm bore the head loss through this branch is reduced below

that through the main LO cooler branch. The system head loss is thus now

dictated by the main LO cooler branch and results in a saving on head loss

of some 50%. By adopting a lower water speed than the maximum permitted

a saving in power and probably pump weight and space is therefore obtained

with minimal penalty in piping weight and space. The increase in plummer

block pipe size has not unbalanced the design parameters.

153
ANNEX B
WEB 719
Issue 2

FOR LIST OF STANDARD SYMBOLS SEE FIGURE 5

00

153mm

153mm

PLUMMER BEARING
PUMP

Figure 50. Typical Low Pressure Sea Water System

ANNEX B 154
 NES 719
Issue 2

ANNEX C
PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING PRESSURE:
FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS
IN MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS

1. Figure 51 shows a typical arrangement of a multi-pump, multi-equipment

system with fixed opening flow control devices. The procedure is similar
for a HPSW System supplying water sprays etc; see Section 7 for guidance
on the design of HPSW Systems.

2. Figure 52 shows the pump and system head flow rate characteristics to
be constructed for the specification of the pumps and the design of the
system pipework. The procedure for establishing the characteristics is as
follows:

a. Establish equipment water flow rates, including appropriate

margin to obtain design flow rate

b. Make a rough estimate of the overall system head loss and

of the head loss from the main to overboard for flows
established in a. above.

c. Select a pump from the SYMES range which will provide the
head required such that.the number of pumps in each machinery
space and in total are reasonable.

d. The actual overall system head loss is obtained from the pump
H:Q curve at the design flow rate, see Figure 53. Any excess
head in the LP system is dissipated in the tuning valve and
for the HP system by the use of a surplus valve.

e. Estimate the head in the main at duty flow excluding the zero
flow static head by adding any excess head loss in d. above
to the head loss from the main to overboard obtained in b.
above.

f. Obtain the pump shut valve total head rise which is also
the head in the main in this condition of operation, (assume
the system is required to operate with one pump and a small
cooling water flow requirement,ie one auxiliary in use only).

g. Express the increase in head which occurs in the main from

duty flow to zero flow condition as a percentage of head in
the main at duty flow.

h. Use this head range together with the Table 4 to establish

the system pipe bores; this ensures that the specified
maximum water speeds through the pipework are not exceeded.

j. Calculate the head loss from the main to overboardie the

equipment branch with the highest head loss before tuning but
including the loss across a wide open diaphragm glandless
valve, if fitted, for ±uning.

155
ANNEX C
NES 719
Issue 2

k. Calculate the maximum head loss from sea inlet to the main
for one pump at the design flow rate, the loss in each pump
should be roughly the same.

m. Add j. and k. together to obtain overall system head loss

at the design flow rate.

n. Check that the pump selected, item c. is capable of meeting

the calculated duty ie the design flow rate as in a. and the
total head loss as in m. and also ensure that the NPSH available
is in excess of the NPSH required near the pump duty point;
see Clauses 0917 to 0922 inclusive. Figure 52 shows the
relevant NPSH characteristic for this example. If the NPSH
required is too great at the proposed pump duty but it is
desirable to utilise the selected SYMES range pump, the pump
output will have to be restricted by increasing the head in
the main; the latter is achieved by increasing the head to be
dissipated across the tuning device as indicated in Figure 54.
The reduction in proposed output from the pump may involve an
increase in the number of pumps required.

p. If the pump is adequate and there is no NPSH limitation then

the actual overall system head loss is that obtained in d.,
otherwise the overall system head loss is that obtained in n.

q. The static head in the main, excluding the zero flow static
head, is equal to the overall system head loss less the head
loss from the sea inlet to the main and less the dynamic
head in the main at the gauge tapping point.

r. Establish the dynamic head at the tapping point at the maximum

duty flow.

s. Plot pump H:Q characteristics for the number of pumps in the

installation as shown in Figure 52. Terminate each
characteristic at the pump duty point total head rise. C)
t. Plot the system head loss from sea inlet to the main for the
number of pumps in use, using the square law basis given in
Clause .0807 and the head loss at pump duty flow in k.

u. Add the dynamic head r. to the head loss t. as shown; the

square law basis is used to vary the dynamic head with flow.

w. Subtract the curve of head: flow obtained in u. from the

pump H:Q characteristic to obtain the "head in the main":
flow characteristic.

y. Plot a system H:Q characteristic through each point which the

"head in the main" meets the pump duty flow such that the
characteristic intersects the adjacent "head in the main" curve.
The inter-sections of these curves give. the "head in the main",
excluding zero flow static head, at which pumps are started and
stopped. The chain dotted system characteristics represent. the
transient "head in the main" during pump starting and stopping.

156
ANNEX C
 NES 719
Issue 2

z. It is more convenient to express the "head in the main"

as a "static pressure (gauge) in the main" for
formulating instructions for starting and stopping of
pumps. This is done by adding the zero flow static
head to the "head in the main". Figure 55 shows the
static pressure (gauge) in the main : flow rate, derived
from Figure 52.

NOTE: The zero flow static head is to be based on the head

of water above the pressure tapping point at the
light load waterline.

157 AN C
NES 719
Issue 2

OG)

06G

0 GG

DG c 5

DGG

@~ --
SEEPARGRPH. .
DG

N~ OG

FIGURE 51. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF A MULTI-PUMP MULTI-EQUIPMENT LPSW SYSTEM '

SEE PARAGRAPH I -.

ANNEX C 158
 NES 719
Issue 2
12
LE
10,10AVAILAI

E8
HF FRICTION HEAD LOSS FROM INLET TO MAIN
HD DYNAMIC HEAD
6 A POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STARTED
0 POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STOPPED

FLOW RATE LIMIT OF PUMP

VOUTPUT TO PREVENT
CAVITATION ALLOWING A 2m MARGIN ON NPSH (REQUIRED)

20

C
:r

< 10 __ _____ ___0

/ SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
< CURVES DRAWN
i HEA LOSS FROM It')&
ORIG IN THROUGH
z INLET TO MAIN PLUSI

0 S1500
L DESIGN FLOW RATE m3 /h

FIGURE 52. MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM; FIXED OPENING DEVICES;

HEAD : FLOW RATE CHARACTERISTICS; STARTING AND STOPPING OF PUMP
SEE PARAGRAPH 2

159 ANNEX C
NES 719
Issue 2

P CHA CTERIS 0

/I EXCESS HEAD LOSS

OVERALL SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTIC
Ho' Q 2 OVRL
(TUNED) SSE

E P CHARACTERISTIC
(NO TUNING I BRANCH
WHICH DICTATES
HEAD LOSS)

FLOW RATE

FIGURE 53. MULTI-PUMP AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS WHEN USING OVERSIZED,

PUMPS. SEE PARAGRAPH 2.d

ANNEX C 160
 NES 719
Issue 2

PUMP
C RRCTE R
TI

FROMAI-FROMS

.. :. ,IX ' /T
" C6M
DISIPAED AOS
EA SEL NOHEA
R
S
4 -
-44-a F R OM A E

SHAD LOSS

w FRO -,FROAMIh-
T
OiO PA LOSDSLFL 01T.O /

AS DICTATED
BY NPSH
REQUIREMENTS

INITIAL ESTIMATE I
-l

FIGURE 54. RESTRICTING PUMP OUTPUT TO SUIT NPSH REQUIREMENTS

SEE PARAGRAPH 2.n

161
ANNEX c
 NES 719
Issue 2

2k

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE (GAUGE)

< $ BEFORE SHUTfING-OFF A PUMP

-00

;%@

0 .. " 500. FLOW RATE (roB/h) 10050

STATIC PRESSURE IN MAIN PIPE

-TRANSIENT CONDITION

/ POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STARTED

POINTS AT WHICH A PUMP WOULD BE STOPPED

NOTE- ASSUMED ZERO FLOW STATIC HEAD= 2m (0,2 BAR)

FIGURE 55. MULTI-PUMP, MULTI-EQUIPMENT SYSTEM;

STATIC PRESSURE (GAUGE) MAIN : FLOW RATE;
FIXED OPENING FLOW CONTROL DEVICESBAR
SEE PARAGRAPH 2 .z

N C162
 NES 719
Issue 2

ANNEX D

DESIGN OF ORIFICE PLATES

1. The approximate method for sizing . of orifices is given

in Clauses 1210 and 1211. The high velocity of flow through the orifice
caused by the contraction of the flow, persists downstream until the
the
minimum effective flow area, vena contracta, is reached. Following
vena contracta, large scale turbulence spreads throughout the flow
vena
causing it to expand rapidly to fill the cross section. Up to the
contracta there is little energy lost but after it considerable energy
of the
dissipation takes place, the amount being determinedby the size
orifice and the quantity required to flow through the pipe. If during
to the
expansion the pressure is reduced to a level that approximates
of vapour cavities may
saturated vapour pressure of the fluid, inception
of the collapsing impact
result which can cause erosion due to the action
It is
of the cavities or bubbles occurring adjacent to the pipe surface.
at any part
necessary therefore to design the orifice so that the pressure
of the system does not fall near its saturated vapour pressure.

2. Although several 'cavitation numbers' have been used in defining the

it
phenomenon, the following is considered to be the most practical since
of the orifice
involves only the measurement of pressure on either side
plate.

Cavitation number P equation (1)

Pu - Pd

where:

3 - 5 diameters upstreaT) of
Pu absolute static pressure measured orifice Wk/m

,, ,, " " 10 -12 diameters downstream

2
of
Pd orifice (kN/m )
2 at 200 C)
Pv saturated vapour pressure (approx. 2kN/m absolute

Vu, Vd Velocities-upstream and downstream of orifice

PV TT, AT Pressure, velocity and area measured at the vena contracta

d Diameter of the orifice

D Diameter of the pipe

k Loss coefficient

a Cavitation number

p Density of the fluid

m Ratio of the area at the vena contracta to the area of

the pipe

MO Ratio of the area of the orifice to the area of the pipe

ANNEX D
163
NES 719
Issue 2

'((
C Contraction coefficient
c ( 0)

orifice
Q Quantity of water required to flow through

H Head loss (to be dissipated by the orifice) - metres

Pi PTP

Vu J Vd. = Vu"
=
AV Ad Au

Figure 56. Vena Contracta at Orifice Plate

through a 27mm bore
3. Thus for an orifice required.to pass 1.8m3 /hr
from 7.8 bar gauge to 0.3 bar
pipe where the pressure drop required is pipe will
through the
gauge, the head loss will be 75m. Velocity
be 0.873 m/s.

Using the equation Clauses 1210 - 1211

d =10.50 J = 4.78 mm dia. of orifice

is given by:
The loss coefficient k for such an orifice

k = Pu - Pd ....(2) where V = Velocity m/s through the pipe

U3
Kg/m , and to keep the units
(not the orifice), p is fluid density in 2
N/m2 )
correct Pu and Pd will need to be in N/m (I bar = 105
(7.8 - 0.3) x !05 2 1916
Loss coefficient k = 4 x 1027.4 x 0.8736
+ 1.0 = 1.3 bar
The cavitation number from equation (1), using Pd = 0.3 abs
1.3 - 0.02 Pv = 0.02 bar abs
= 8.8 0.17 Pu = 7.8 + 1.0 = 8.8 bar
13
-1.3
abs

pressure
4. For an orifice required to pass 37m3/hr with 5.8 bar
in a 72.2 bore pipe.
upstream and 1.0 bar downstream of the orifice
Velocity through the pipe 2.51 m/s.
5
(5.8- 1.0)10
= 148
Loss coefficient k = I x 1027.4 x 2.512
2.0 - 0.02 1.98 = 0.41
4.8 4 ,
Cavitation numberO= 6.8 - 2.0

164
ANNEX D
 NES 719
Issue 2

5. A design criteria which should avoid significant erosion is expressed

as:
4 l1

o critical I + + 1, or where k is greater than 10 a simplified

form is
4
= I + 4
a critical

Examining the two cases above it can be shown that:

4
For case paragraph 3 the a critical is I V]916 = 1.09 whilst the

cavitation number a was found to be 0.17. From Figure 57 it can be

estimated that the potential level of erosion will be severe.

For case paragraph 4 the a critical is 1.33 whilst the cavitation

nub-Fer a was 0.41, with an estimated potential level of erosion being
modf?te to severe.

3- -- ___

0 CA NO SIGNIFICANT EROSION

UGHT TO CAVITATION INCEPTIO

1-0 A-0 S10I

OOIERATE TO0
SEVERE EROSIOq

1 104 1,001000
LOSS COEFFICIENT - K

Figure 57. Critical Cavitation Data for Pressure Reducing Devices

6. With the cavitation number being lower than the critical number, it
is necessary to assess the degree of cavitation which if unacceptable
requires the arrangement to be modified by introducing additional orifices
in the form of a cascade to progressively reduce the pressure, whilst at
the same time ensuring the cavitation number never falls below the critical
cavitation number. Such an exercise may appear tedius but in the long
term the cost effectiveness of such a system will be appreciable. The
use of orifice plates made in a cascade in a special section of pipe
allowing approximately five diameter spacings is advocated.

165 ANNEX D
NES 719
Issue 2

7. Experimental information has indicated that when the cavitation number

at the vena contracta (G T falls to 1.0 generally cavitation will commence.
ak - 2 1k
is determined from k + 2k +
C T

A method to design the cascade for the case 3(a) is as follows:

2 2 P2 3 P3 04 0
Vu Pu d P

Figure 58. Orifice Plates in Cascade

8. To maximise the pressure drop across each orifice but avoiding

cavitation it will be necessary to ensure aT >, 1.0.

Now 'T = PT - Pv .... (3) and upstream cavitation

T PVT7
number will beOu = Pu - Pv ....... (4)
i U2

Assume that pressure loss between upstream point and throat will
be low. 0
Then if Vu = m = AT from Bernoulli:
VT Au

for
Pu + jPVu 2 = PT + jpVT and substituting from (1)and (2) values
2

Pu and PT.

= I+a T -1 .. ..... (5)

-U 2 "
m

Putting o I the equation becomes

m = /2-
. .. ........ (6)

ANNEX D 166
 NES 719
Issue 2

the value of m the loss.

From Borda it can be shown that by using
coefficient can be found from:
-m ) ......... (7)
Loss coefficient k = (1
(M)

k from equation (7) and

By using the value of the loss coefficient ratio of d can be
applying it to the curve Fig 59 the appropriate D
found where:

d = diameter of orifice
D = diameter of pipe bore
diameter can be calculated.
Hence knowing D, the value d, orifice

From (2) k = u where Pup is the pressure on the upstream

-du

pV u 2 side of the plate and Pdn is the pressure

in
on the downstrean side of the plate
question

so Pdn = Pup- k (i pV 2 ) ......... (8)

Using the above formula:

Plate I Pu (abs)
= 8.8 bar. Vu = 0.873 m/s
I pVu 2 = x 1027.4 x 0.8732
p= 1027.4 kg/m
3 Dynamic pressure =
D = 27mm. 2
= 391.5 N/a

TI= (8.8 - 0.02)105 = 2243

From (2),
391 .5

M =/24- = 0.0298

k = (I-m.)2 = 1060
in

d 0.216 . di = 5.832mm
From Fig 59 (with slight extrapolation), D

with d =.0.222
Hence drill size determinesd = 6.0mm,

Thus k becomes 1000

= 1000 x 391.5 = 8.8 - 3.92 = 4.88 bar
P1 8.8-
105

Plate 2

P1 (abs) = 4.88 bar abs

5 = 1241
Cr'Z (4.88 - 0.2)10
391.5
m = =0.040
1242
k = 572.3
167 ANIEX D
HIES 719
Issue 2

From Fig 59, .= 0.253 .'.d2 =

1
6.83 3m
5)

with d = 0.259
Hence drill size becomes d = 7.00mm,

Thus k becomes 520

= 2.84 bar abs
P2 = 4.88 - 520 x 391.5
!05

Plate 3

P 2 abs f 2.84 bar abs

6 = (2.84 - 0.02)105 = 720.3

391 .5

f0.0527
3
721.3

k = 323.7

From Fig 59 d= 0.292 .. d3 7.884mm

d = 8.00mm and d = 0.296

Hence drill size becomes

Thus k becomes 300

300 x 391.5:
= 1.67 bar abs
P3 = 2.84
105

Plate 4
to give the final pressure of
This is the plate that is required
Pd
1.30 bar =
0.37 bar
So head loss = 1.67 - 1.30
=
2
- Pd - k (I pV )
Using equation (8) P 3
5 94.5
k = 0.37 x 10 =
391 .5

From Fig 59, d = 0.386 . d4 = 10.42m

D

Hence drill size becomes d = 10.5m

1.41
'{ritical = I + 4 =

C4 = 1.3 -0.02 = 3.46 .*.No cavitation

1.67- 1.3

168
ANNEX D
 NES 719
Issue 2

PU - 6.8 bar abs and

9. For the case given in para 4 where
Pd= 2.0 bar abs
2
2
VU = 2.51, Pv = j pV = x 1027.4 x 2.512 = 3236.4 N/m

Plate I

C1= (6.8 - 0.02)105 = 209.5

3236.4

m = 0.0995

Sk = 85.7

From Fig 59 d - 0.395 .. di = 28.52m

unchanged
Thus d becomes 28.5mm and k remains

PI = 6.8 - 85.7 x 3236.4 = 4.03 bar abs

105

Plate 2

P1 abs = 4.03 bar abs

O62 = (4.03 - 0.02)105 = 123.9

3236.4

m = 0.127

k = 47.6

From Fig 59 d = 0.448 .*.d2 = 32.3mm

32.5mm and d = 0.45, so k = 47

Thus d becomes

= 2.51 bar abs

P2 - 4.03 - 47 x 3236.4
105

Plate 3
bar abs, hence using equation (8)
The final pressure required is 2.0
we can obtain
15.76
k = P2 - P3 = (2.51 - 2.0)105 =

777 3236.4

0.558 .. d3 = 40.3mm
From Fig 59, we get d =

d 0.554 and k = 16.3

Thus d becomes 40.0mm, which gives
=

169
ANNEX D
NES 719
Issue 2

1.98 bar abs S')

P3 = 2.51 - 16.3 x 3263.4 =

105

acritical = I + 4 = 1.99

" =1.98 - 0.02 = 3.7 No cavitation

2.51- 1.98
that if the last orifice plate
10. In both the above cases it can be seen
valve there would be a capability for
was replaced by a diaphragm glandless
to the valve from erosion. An
adjustment, without any damage being incurred
para 4 and recalculated in para 9 can
extension of the arrangement given in
shown in Fig 13 and that only a
be applied by assuming it is the arrangement
the connection to the HPSW main. From
two plate orifice cascade is fitted to of
1 .51 bar gauge on the discharge side
para 9 the resultant pressure will be through system loss
say 1.29 bar gauge
the second orifice. This will drop to,
upstream side of the disphragm valve which
which will be the pressure on the
fresh water cooler. Assuming 5m of
is sited on the discharge side of the head at the discharge opening in
pipework (loss of 0.04 bar) and no pressure overcome at the downstream side
to be
the hull, the total discharge pressure
of the valve would be 1 .04 bar abs then,

Sfi 1.04 - 0.02 f 1.02 = 0.82

2.29 - 1.04 1.25

k = 1.25 x 105 = 38.6

3236.4

= 1.64
critical = I + 4

and
that the valve will be about 15% open
In these conditions it is estimated it should be near
of 0.4 to 0.2 whilst
will cavitate with T in the region
1.0. It has been assumed that the static head remains constant although it is
appreciated that at the low pressures, considered
it is unlikely to remain so. Q
main and the relief valve not
11. Should the pressure increase in the HPSW
gauge (3.0 bar abs), considerable
lift until the pressure rises to 2.0 bar the level of corrosion/erosion
increase in flow will develop and inevitablyIt is therefore essential to con-
attack at the valve will be quite severe.
the system where the risk of corrosion/
sider the pressure field throughout
erosion can occur.

Reference: AMTE(HB) Report Mc 207/74

ANNEX D 170
 I -fli
.-. 'ITj
I inq 'I
d'tV !
'fTjFl 7
HH %! R IM
.*
,~~l
-.

a , -

j
i
:!::I-N
IiI'

i! i t
IO
is
iO
:i-iINi1it I

IIM

liit

tI
I i
M.1I
I
Ii

kil
III;'
I-I-.t:
 NES 719
Issue 2

ANNEX E

PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATION CHECK LIST

1. The attached Check List is for use in the preparation of every

Procurement Specification which invokes NES 719, with cross-reference to the
relevant Clauses as an aid to the inclusion/exclusion of particular design
features.

2. The actual pages of the Check List contained in this Appendix are to
be regarded as MASTER COPIES. Xerox working copies are to be reproduced from
them as required.

3. MASTER COPIES ARE NOT TO BE USED AS WORKING COPIES.

4. A completed copy of this Check List is to be attached to each copy of

the associated Procurement Specification.

17'3 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

STATEMENT OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS TITLE ...................

REFERENCE ...............

Notes:

1. This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval

Engineering Standard are consulted when preparing a Statement of
Technical Requirements for a particular application.
2. Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where
specific data is to be added are included in the Check List.

3. Each item is to be marked either:

/ - included

NA = not applicable

NES 719 No
Clause or NA
Check Chk
No

Scope
NES 719 to be invoked in the Procurement Scope
Specification

Related Documents
2 List any necessary documents or drawings Section 2
not clearly included in NES 719

Drawings
3 State types and quantities required Section 3

Definitions and Technical Terms

Section 4
4 Use the definitions and technical terms
listed; list any additional definitions
and technical terms used

Environment
5 Refer to NES 725 0501

6 Have the climatic conditions been 0502

specified

7 Corresponding air temperature for 0503

design sea temp

174
ANNEX E
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

8 Equipment operation at other 0504

associated sea temp 0505
9 Machinery space temperatures to be 0502
specified
10 Atmospheric pressure to be specified 0506
11 List, Roll, Trim and Pitch to be 0507 and 0508
specified
12 Vibrational environment; DEF STAN 0509
07-55 for tests and NES 334 for
calculations

13 Submersion capability to be specified 0510 to 0512

Overall Requirements - Assessment

14 Has the system been designed to fulfil 0601
its function t aking into account all
parameters
15 Has the working fluid been specified 0602
16 Have the system general requirements 0603
in NES 710 been called up
17 Have the shock levels for the system 0604
been specified
18 Pumps arranged as close as possible 0605
to the sea
19 HPSW pumps take suction direct from a 0605
sea inlet box or tube
20 Coolers located below the light load 0606
waterline, where possible
21 Flexibles positioned correctly to pumps 0607
22 Has accessibility been covered 0609
23 Maximum and minimum pressures in the 0612 and 0613
main established
24 Has the total HPSW System flow rate 0615
been specified or alternatively the
requirements laid down for establishing
the flow rate
25 Has the prewetting capacity been 0617
established in accordance with NES 118
26 Has the appropriate criteria been 0618 and 0619
selected for establishing the fire
protection and fire fighting capacity
27 Has the salvage capacity been taken 0620
into account
28 Has the correct SYMES pump been 0622
specified

175 ANNEX E
WES 719
Issue 2

NES 719 No or NA
Check Clause
Check
No

29 The LPSW System(s) flow rates specified 0624 to 0626

or alternatively the requirements laid
down for establishing the flow rates
30 Has the limiting press drop across the 0627
equipment been specified
Has the SYMES range been considered in 0627
31
selecting/specifying the LPSW pumps

HPSW Systems
Has the extent of the HPSW Main been 0701 to 0705
32
specified
0707
33 Has the extent of the services supplied
from the HPSW Main been laid down
Have the HPSW pumps been dispersed 0709
34
0710
35 Has the provision of separate and short
suctions been laid down for the HPSW
pumps
Has provision been made for a warm 0713 to 0715
36
water supply
0716
37 Have "take offs" been provided as laid
down
0717
38 Two supply branches or one supply branch
laid down for each magazined spray
system as specified
0718
39 Local and remote control specified for
hull valves
0721 to 0727
40 Sufficient valves provided to enable
each system to fulfil its functions
under all conditions of operation
0726
41 Has remote control been provided for
manually operated spray system
0728 to 0730
42 Has provision been made for
insulating piping in exposed positions
0735
43 Has the fire fighting demands been
calculated in accordance with NES 119
0735
44 Has attention been drawn to Annex A -
Procedure for Establishing Flows
and Pressure Drops
0737
45 Has attention been drawn to the
relaxation in water speeds
0738 to 0741
46 Has provision been made for spraying
magazines

176
ANNEX E
 NES 719
issue 2

NES 719 No or NA
Check Clause
Check
No

.0740
47 Has attention been drawn for the system
line-out to be in accordance with BR862
48 Attention drawn to the control details 0740
in BR 862
0743
49 Prewetting in accordance with NES 118
0747
50 Has attention been drawn to NES 712,
717 and 720 for domestic services
0748
51 Have arrangements been provided for
isolating domestic services
0749
52 Has attention been drawn to NES 119
for salvage and counter flooding
systems
0750 to 0755
53 Have the ballast and de-ballast
arrangements been detailed
0753
54 Has the method of filling the tanks
been selected
0754
55 Has reference been made to the
Structural Design Guide for tank design
0755
56 Tank preservation; ref made to NES 320
and Section 14 of this Standard
0756 and 0757
57 Are equipments supplied from the HPSW
System capable of withstanding maximum
pressure or alternatively pressure
reducing devices and relief valve
provided

ILW Systems
0802 and 0803
58 Has it been stated whether or not the
water
equipments are to be supplied with
at all times -

the 0804
59 If the LPSW System is supplied from
HPSW System, has the "minimum pressure
in the HPSW Main" been specified
0805
60 Equipment cooling flow rate requested/
obtained at the specified design sea
temp
drop 0806 to 0808
61 Has an equipment limiting pressure
been stated
0809 and 0810
62 The system pressure drop kept to a
minimum
system 0811
63 Has the requirement to calculate
pressure drops using SDP 25 been
stated

177 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

heck CcNES 719

No Check Clause No or NA

64 The pump duty includes the appropriate 0812

margin
65 Overboard discharges of syphonic 0813
systems are located below the waterline
66 All non-syphonic systems are provided 0814
with open air vents
67 The pump is capable of starting up a 0815 and 0817
system which includes a "head above
waterline"
68 The crown of a syphonic system is not 0816
higher than the practical absolute
hydraulic gradient 0
69 Where it is not practical to locate 0818 and 0819
the overboard discharge below the
waterline under all conditions of
heel etc is the variation in system
performance satisfactory
70 Where an equipment is fitted with 0820
recirculating SW temp control and
the equipment is above the waterline
has an isolating valve in the re-
circulating line been called for
71 Has an appropriate stand-by to the 0821
main circulating system been specified
72 Where a main engine driven pump is 0823
used is the system design suitable
for the low flow low head performance
at low main engine speed
73. Have the designated sea water cooled 0824
equipments been provided with integral
sea water systems
74 The electrical generating sets do not' 0824
share any service or interconnect
with another cooling system
75 Emergency bilge suctions have not been 0826
connected to any of the designated
equipments
76 Provision has been made for a stand-by 0827
supply to each electrical generating set
77 The refrigeration SW pumps have been 0828
properly sized
78 Where a single refrigeration plant is 0829
used a stand-by sea water supply is
provided

ANNEX E 178
 NES 719
Issue .2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

79 The stand-by sea water supply 0833 and 0834

arrangements to the common auxiliary
sea water systems are adequate
80 Provision is made for the supply of 0835 to 0837
water to the shaft bearings, stern
seals and stern tube bearings as
required
81 Where a LPSW System or equipment is 0838 and 0839
supplied from the HPSW System has the
system/equipment been designed to avoid
failure due to overpressure
82 Where one sea water system of higher 0840
pressure provides a stand-by supply
to another system has the pump motor
duty been specified to prevent
overloading
83 Has reliability been designed into 0842 and 0843
the system

84 Has reference been made to NES 327 0901

85 Pump types and selection considered 0902 to 0906
86 Pump selection - SYMES range considered 0907 to 0911
87 Are the pumps' characteristics stable 0912 and 0914
88 Is the Pump motor adequate 0913
89 Has the NPSH available been calculated 0917 to 0922
and specified
90 Has pump siting been covered 0923 and 0924
91 Has pump seats design been covered 0925 to 0941
92 Welding to NES 706 been invoked 0928
93 Manufacture of pump seats covered 0931 to 0941
94 Preservation of pump seats laid down 0939
95 Pump bedplates referred to 0942
96 Pump mounting to BR3021 been referred to 0943
97 Reference made to NES 327 0944
98 Reference made to NES 626 0945
99 Pump controls - local and remote 0946 and 0947
specified

179 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2
___0

Check Check NES 719 No

Clause or NA
No

100 Pump cooling and leak off provided 0948

where required
101 Pump venting is called for and 0950 and 0951
reference made to NES 327

Valves
102 Valves selected from NES 360 1001

103 Valve types and use requirements 1002

considered
104 Valve provided at each sea inlet 1004

105 Valve provided at each sea discharge 1005

106 Low noise valves used 1006

107 Valves kept clear of electrical 1007

equipment
108 Provision of valves at bulkheads as 1008
required
109 Provision, as required, of local and 1010 to 1013
remote control of valves
110 NES 361 called up for manual remote 1013
control
1il Locking arrangements provided 1014 and 1015

112 The system pressure is not in excess 1016 and 1017

of equipment design pressure
113 Relief valves provided and specified 1018 to 1023
as required
114 Relief valves in manned compartments 1022
-
have visible discharges
115 Relief valves in unmanned compartments 1023
discharge overboard
116 Reducing valves are provided as required 1025
in accordance with NES 360
117 A relief valve is provided for each 1026
reducing valve

Pipework
118 Bends meet the specified limits - with 1101 and 1103
ref to BR3013(2) for exceptions
119 BR3013(2) is called up for fittings 1102

ANNEX E 180
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

120 Straight pipes are fitted downstream 1104

of turbulence raisers
121 A bend provided in each pump. suction 1105
122 Tapered pieces are provided where 1106
bores change
123 Consideration given to the design of 1107
inlet piping to relief valve
124 No valve permitted in inlet piping 1107
to relief valve
125 Rigid connections between internal 1108
structure and bulkheads are avoided
126 The systems are designed for shop 1109
prefabrication
127 Standard pipe lengths are used where 1110
practicable
128 Provision of valves for reliability IIII
129 No electrical connections or earths 1112
permitted to piping
130 NPSH available exceeds pump NPSH 1113
required
131 System characteristics established 1114 to 1119
132 Flow rates established for maximum 1120
duty
133 Pipes sized for duty flow rate 1120
134 Pressure losses calculated using SDP25 1121
135 Maximum pipe water speeds through 1123 to 1127
piping including extrusions established
136 Water speeds are in excess of minimum 1127 to 1129
137 Water speeds calculated using equation 1130
138 Piping layout is practical and orderly 1134, 1138 &
1139
139 Piping access has been given 1135
consideration
140 Reference made to NES 703 for piping 1136
access for insulation
141 Piping is portable in way of machinery 1137
142 Piping in electrical areas is avoided; 1140
alternatively it is properly designed
143 Cu ni piping is clear of aluminium 1141
structure

181 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

Check Ceck NES 719

No Clause No or NA

144 Non-ferrous metallic piping is kept 1142

clear of bilge water where practicable
145 Non-ferrous metallic piping in contact 1142
with bilge water is treated as laid
down in NES 341 and 765
146 Hot dipped galvanised steel system 1143
specified in tanks
147 Open ends of relief valve discharges 1145
are visible
148 Cavitation is avoided 1146
149 Advise that bulkhead and deckhead 1147
penetrations and tank runs are to be
specifically approved by MOD
150 Flanged joints are clear of deckheads 1148
151 Pipes are cased where required 1149
152 Reference made to Form S1188 for 1150, 1151
colour marking
153 Joints and jointing are in accordance 1152
with BR3013(2)
154 Cu ni pipes are to BR3013(2) 1153
155 Steel pipes are to BS1387 1154, 1155
156 The right proportion of welded and 1156, 1157
breakable connections are used
157 The appropriate welding documents 1158
are called-up
158 Consideration given to welding 1159
requirements and design
159 Reference made to the need for correct 1160
alignment of flanged and welded joints
160 Provision of closing lengths specified 1160
161 Screwed hose connections are provided 1162
with caps or plugs P

162 Compression and capilliary are provided 1163

as necessary
163 Provision of branch pipes is covered 1164
164 Joints are at least 150m clear of 1165
bulkheads and deckheads
165 Galvanic insulation is provided 1167
166 Appropriate jointing rings are provided 1168

ANNEX E 182
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

167 Pipe supports are in-accordance with 1169 to 1174

BR3021
168 Bulkheads and deckhead fittings are in 1175
accordance with BR3013(2)
169 Flexible connections are in accordance 1176
with NES 710
170 Air venting and draining facilities 1178 to 1182
are provided
171 Materials are in accordance with Table 3 1183. and 1184
steel corrosion pieces are not fitted
172 Naval brass is not used in sea water 1185
173 The system is designed to avoid/minimise 1188 to 1191
cavitation and erosion
174 6D length straight piping is provided 1191
downstream of turbulence raisers
175 l0D length straight piping is provided 1191
upstream of heat exchanger take-offs
176 The system design is in accordance with 1192
BR1254 to avoid corrosion
177 Castings are manufactured in accordance 1193 and 1194
with the appropriate procedures listed
178 Welding is carried out in accordance 1195
with the appropriate procedures listed
179 Brazing is carried out in accordance 1196
with NES 708
180 Pipes are manipulated in accordance 1197
with NES 743

Flow Control
181 Flow control devices have been specified 1201, 1203 &
as required to ensure the correct flow 1204
distribution
182 In assessing flow rates, factors such as 1202
variation in supply pressure and the
isolation of equipments have been taken
into account
183 The flow control devices are provided 1207 to 1209
in the correct positions
184 The orifices have been specified 'to 1210 and 1211
conform to NES 710 and to BS 1042
185 Orifices have been provided for the 1212 to 1215
proper situations

183
ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

186 Has a check been made on the noise 1213(c)

generated through the orifice
187 Diaphragm valves are selected from 1216
NES 360
188 Diaphragm valves have been.provided for 1217 to 1219
the proper situations
189 Limit stops have been specified 1220
190 Constant flow control valves are 1221
selected from NES 360
191 Constant flow control valves have 1223 to 1225
been provided for the proper situations
192 The system/pump duty is adequate for 1224a.
the high loss across the constant flow
control valves
193 Strainers have been provided as 1224c.
necessary to protect the fine clearances
in constant flow control valves
194 The method for controlling the flow of 1226 and 1227
water in sea water system has been laid
down
195 Where manual control is selected, check
that
a. automatic SW temp control is not used 1229
b. the system is designed on the basis 1231
of maintaining flow to all equipments
design
c. the flow is based on the minimum 1232a
supply pressure 13
d. the water speeds are acceptable 1232b

196 Before specifying the use of pressure 1235

reducing valves establish first that
the preferred alternatives are
impracticable
197 Where a matched flow system is specified 1237
ensure that the pump and system
characteristics are matched by tuning
with the appropriate flow control devices
198 Where a controlled flow system is 1239
specified has a check been made that the
equipments can withstand the maximum
pressure attained with the automatic
flow devices shut-off alternatively a
relief valve has been specified

ANNEX E
184
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

Sea Inlets and Discharges

199 The number of holes in the outer bottom 1301
is a minimum
200 No opening is adjacent to the sonar dome 1302
201 All inlets and submerged outlets are 1303
below the light load waterline
202 All submerged holes are in accordance 1303
with NES 776
203 Holes are clear of other construction 1304
204 Discharges are clear of accommodation 1306
ladders and boat moorings
205 Air and hot fluids cannot find ingress 1307 •
into cooling water inlets
206 All openings are flush with hull 1311
207 Guidance has been provided on the shape 1312
of openings
208 The sea inlet and discharge sizes are 1314 to 1317
in accordance with requirements
209 Hull valves are correctly fitted 1319 and 1320
210 Weed box is not integral with valve box 1321
211 Gratings are in accordance with 1322
Figure 25
212 Gratings are sized in accordance with 1323 to 1327
requirements
213 Portable gratings are manageable by 1328
one diver
214 The materials are as listed 1329 and 1330
215 The gratings are fastened as laid down 1329 and 1330
216 Air vents are provided as necessary 1332 and 1333
217 Preservation is in accordance with 1334
NES 760
Sea Water Tanks
218 The structure makes for easy filling, 1401 and 1402
venting, draining, cleaning and inspection
219 Manholes are provided in accordance with 1403
NES 127
220 Air escapes are provided of the 1404
appropriate size

185 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

NES 719 No
Clause or NA
heck
No-
Check

221 Air pipes are run and joined as required 1404 to 1407

222 The sounding tubes are suitable for 1409

MOD standard tapes
The design of the tube is suitable 1410
223
for the application
Locked sealing caps are provided 1411
224
1413
225 Calibration curves are requested
1414
226 Storage is provided for the sounding
tapes
1415
227 Preservation is in accordance with
NES 756

Instrumentation
1501
228 Ensure that pockets and other facings
and tappings are provided for all
instruments called-up
1502
229 Gauge boards are called-up and mounted
as required
Tally plates are specified for indicating 1503
230
the services of the various gauges
1504
231 Ensure that makers' provide the necessary
equipment tappings for remote
instrumentation
1505
232 Isolating valves are provided for all
pressure flow and level sensing devices
1506
233 Isolating valves are provided for vacuum
gauges, gauges subject to pulsating K)
pressure and remote gauges
1507
234 All isolating valves conform to NES 360
1508
235 Isolating valve stub pipes are of
appropriate size
236 Ensure that where thermometer pockets 1509
are not fitted in equipments, provision
is made for fitting them in adjacent
pipes
1510
237 Thermometer pockets are in accordance
with requirements and are installed in
accordance with laid down procedures
Ensure the pocket material is compatible 1511
238
with pipe material and contents
1512
239 Has the procedure for fitting thermo-
...
meters in the pockets been laid-down

186
ANNEX E
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

240 The designated pressure gauges have 1513

been called up
241 Pressure gauges are selected from 1514
DEF STAN 66-2
242 Pressure gauges are fitted in 1515
accordance with BS1780
243 Advise that the pressure gauge 1516
readings are to be corrected for static
where necessary
244 Sensors are located appropriately and 1517
when used for control are independent of
those used for instruments
245 Ensure sensors are fitted as specified 1518.
246 The designated thermometers have been 1520
specified
247 All thermometers are graduated in °C 1521 and 1522
and conform to DG Ships 64
248 All thermocouples and electrical 1523
resistance pyrometers conform to
NES 626
249 Test thermometer pockets are provided 1524
adjacent to each temp sensing device
250 The designated alarms have been called-up 1525
251 Sight flow indicators are provided in 1526
equipment cooling branches where the
water flow is small

Shore Supplies
252 Provision is made for flooding bonnets 1601
253 Provision is made for shore connections 1602 to 1608
254 The connection is to SDN 000875955 1604
255 The piping is the same size as the Ring 1605 to 1607
Main
256 A "deck elbow" is supplied and stowed 1608
onboard
Preservation
257 Cleaning and preservation is in 1701
accordance with NES 341 and 766
258 Is Protection by Sodium Dimethyl 1702
Dithiocarbamate required? If so it is
to be in accordance with NES 781
259 Provision is made for Cathodic protection; 1703
to be carried out in accordance with
NES 704

187 ANNEX E
NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719

No Clause No or NA

Insulation
260 Provision is made for insulating HPSW 1801
System and prewetting piping

Flushing, Testing and Tuning

261 The flushing procedure has been laid 1901
down in accordance with the requirements
262 Protection of the system by SDD in 1902
polluted waters is called-up if required
263 The working pressures have been specified 1903 and 1904
264 The "shop tests" and "tests after .1905 to 1912
installation" are carried out in
accordance with the requirements
265 Tests and trials are carried out in 1918 to 1921
accordance with requirements
266 Tuning is carried out in accordance with 1922, 1929 to
the requirements 1932

267 The instruments for tuning are called-up 1923 and 1924
268 Advise the Shipbuilder of the 1925
information required before commencing
to tune
269 Call-up the precautions to be taken 1926
before tuning, calibration of instruments
270 Advise that all pressure warning devices 1933
are to be set during tuning
271 Specify the records which are to be 1934
kept during tuning
272 Single.pump system performance is 2002 to 2004
carried out in accordance with
requirements
273 Multi pump system performance is 2001 to 2061
carried out in accordance with
requirements
274 Where a SYMES pump is used excess 2003
head is dissipated by flow control devices
275 The single pump characteristic is 2004
provided as indicated in Fig 31
276 Is a SYMES pump acceptable for the 2005
H:Q duty?
277 Is a SYMES pump acceptable from NPSH 2006
aspects
A

ANNEX E 188
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check NES 719

No Check Clause No or NA

278 Is the system a "matched flow system" 2007 to 2010

279 H:Q characteristics are provided where 2011 to 2014
equipments (with fixed opening flow
control devices) may be shut-off as
indicated in Fig 32
280 H:Q characteristics are provided where 2015 to 2020
equipments (with variable opening flow
control devices) may be shut-off as
indicated in Fig 34
281 Is the equipment and/or overboard 2021 and 2022
discharge located above the waterline;
see Figs 35, 36 and 37
282 Any pump speed variation on performance 2023 to 2025
is carried out in accordance with
requirements
283 Performance of pumps in parallel is 2027 to 2030
carried out in accordance with Fig 39
284 Performance of multi-pump system with 2031 to 2035
fixed opening flow control devices is
carried out in accordance with Fig 40
285 Performance of multi-pump system with 2036 and 2037
variable opening flow control devices
is carried out in accordance with
Fig 41
286 Pump motors are sized in accordance 2038 to 2042
with requirements
287 Performance of pumps in series is 2044
carried out in aacordance with Fig 42
288 Characteristic of the pump is considered 2045 to 2050
in selecting pump type
289 Has the right type of pump been selected 2045 to 2048
290 Has the right pump characteristic 2049 to 2050
(duties) been specified
291 In LPSW Systems with fixed flow 2053 to 2055
control devices supplied from the
HPSW System, has the effect of change
in HPSW pressure been considered
292 In LPSW Systems with fixed flow 2056 to 2059
control devices supplied from the HPSW
System, has the effect of isolating
some branches in the LPSW System been
considered

189 ANNEX E
 NES 719
Issue 2

Check Check NES 719No

Clause or NA
No

293 In LPSW Systems with variable flow 2061

control devices supplied from the HPSW
System, has the effect of change in
HPSW pressure been considered
294 In LPSW Systems with variable flow 2062
control devices supplied from the HPSW
System, has the effect of isolating
some branches in the LPSW System been
considered

190
ANNEX E
 NES 719
Issue 2

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

Clauses

Access - insulation 1136

- machinery 0609 1137

- piping 1135 1149

Air eliminators 1333

Air escapes (tanks) 1404 to 1407

Air escapes - testing 1408

Air venting 0820

1178 to 1182

Air venting - pumps 0950 0951

- sea tubes 1332

Alarms 1525
Aluminium structure 1141
Arrangement - pipework 1134 to 1149
Atmospheric pressure 0506
Axial flow pump selection 0902 0903
2046 2047
B

Ballast arrangements 0750 to 0755

Branch pipes 1164

Brazing 1196

Bulkhead - fittings 1175

- penetrations 1108 1147

- valves 1008
C
Calculations - system pressure drops * 0811
Calibration - tanks 1413
Capilliary - fittings 1163

Casing of pipes 1149

Castings 1194

Cathodic protection 1703

Cavitation 1188 to 1191

Centrifugal pump - selection 0902
2045 to 2047

Cleaning 1701 to 1703

Cleanliness standards 1701

191
iES 719
Issue 2

Clauses
0501 to 0503
Climatic conditions
Clips 1169 to 1174
1 6
1160
Closing pipe lengths
Colour marking 1150 1151
0830 to 0834
Common auxiliary SW systems
1163
Compression fittings
1221 to 1225
Constant flow control valves
1238 to 1240
Controlled flow systems
1225
Controlled pressure systems - general
- manual control 1226 to 1231

1232 to 1234
- automatic control 1193
1193
Corrosion
steel 1185
Corrosion pieces -
0720
Cross-connections
0748
Counter flooding
D0749 to 754

De-ballast arrangements
1166
Deck pieces for steel pipes
1176
Deckhead - fittings
1147
- penetrations
1216 to 1220
Diaphragm glandless valves - general
- limit stops 1220
0813 o823
82
Discharges083 1301 to 1304

1306 1307
1309

0746 to 0748
Domestic services
Draining 1181

E615 0620
Eductors - salvage capacity 1140
1140
Electrical areas
1112
Electrical connections/earths to piping
0826
Emergency bilge suctions
0823
Engine - driven pump system design

192
 NES 719
Issue 2

Clauses
0805
Equipments - flow rates
0504
- performance
0627
- pressure drops
0806 to 0808
1190
Erosion
1126
Extrusions - maximum water speed
F
capacity 0618 0619
Fire - protection and firefighting
0732 0733
Firefighting - requirements
0734 to 0737
- design
1163
Fittings - capilliary
1163
- compression
1102
- pipes
1160
Flanged joints - alignment
1148 1165
- clearance
1176
Flexible connections - general
0607
- location
1601
Flooding bonnets
1205 to 1209
Flow control - devices
1201 to 1204
- requirements
0805
Flow rates - cooling equipment
1120
- general
1131 Table 4
- pipe size: water speed (table)
1104 1191
Flow straighteners
i~ Flushing1901
Flushing 1902
12 o12

minimum water speed to prevent 1127 to 1129

Fouling -

C 1142
1141
Galvanic - action - piping
1167
- insulation
0603
General requirements for systems
1322 to 1330
Gratings - general
1329 1330
- materials
1334
- preservation
1329 1330
- securing
1323 to 1328
- size

193
NES 719
Issue 2

-
Clauses
H
0702 07o6
HPSW Main & Ring Main
0612
HPSW Main - maximum pressure
0612
- minimum pressure
0623
HPSW pump - assessment
0709
- location
0622
- selection
0710
- suctions
0611 to 0623
HPSW system - assessment
0615 to 0621
- capacity
0611 to 0614
- pressures
0707 0838
HPSW system supplies ,
- to LJPSW system - effect of change
in HPSW pressure
(orifices and/or
DG valves) 2053 to 2055

- effect of
isolating LPSW
(orifices and/or
DG valves) 2056 2059

effect of change
in HPSW pressure
(constant flow
control) 2061

effect of isolating
LPSW System
branches (constant
flow control) 2062
0756 t20
UPSW supplies to cooling equipment
2011 to 2020
Head: quantity characteristics - equipments
plating 1301 to 1307
Holes - in inner and outer bottom
1303
- noise .6
Hose connections - screwed
0718
Hull valves - control
1319 to 1321
- interfaces
0816
Hydraulic gradients
1 1150 to 1151

Identification - painting
1501 to 1526
Instrumentation - general
1501 to 1512
- fittings

194
 NES 719
Issue 2
Clauses
Insulation - HPSW Systems 0728 to 0730
- piping 1801 to 1802
1136
Isolating valves - provision of in HPSW Systems 0723
0721 to 0726
- sensing devices 1505 to 1507
J

Joints and Jointing - general 1152 to 1168

- alignment 1160
- for Cu Ni piping 1153
-,for steel piping 1154 1155
Joints - flanged 1148 1160
1165
- galvanic insulation 1167
Jointing - rings 1168
L
LPSW Pump - margins 0812
LPSW system - assessment 0624 to 0627
0801 to 0804
- capacity 0624 to 0626
- pressure loss 0627
- pumps 0627
List, Roll, Trim and Pitch 0507 0508
Local control of valves. 1010 to 1012
Location of equipments - general 0605 to 0610
- coolers 0606
- flexibles 0607
- pumps 0709 0710
Locking arrangements - valves 1014 1015
M
Magazine spraying 0717
0738 to 0741
- controls 0741
- valves 0725
Main - HPSW 0706
- Ring (HPSW) 0706

195
 NES 719
Issue 2

Clauses

Manholes 1403

Manufacture 1193 to 1197

- castings 1194

- welding 1195
1235 1236
Matched flow systems
Materials 1183 to 1187
1329 1330
- gratings
- magazine spraying 0741

Maximum pressure in HPSW Main 0612

Maximum water speeds - gunmetal 1124
- 90/10 Cu Ni 1123

- extrusions 1126 't.

- heat exchanger tubes 1127

- PVC 1125

- steel 1124
0612
Minimum pressure in HPSW Main
Minimum water speeds 1127 to 1129
0902 0903
Mixed flow pumps - selection
2046 2047

Motor sizing 2038 to 2043

N
0917 to 0922
NPSH available
1113
1186
Naval brass
Noise - low, valves 1006 0
1303
- holes in outer bottom
0814 0815
Non-syphonic systems
0

orifices - design 1210 1211

0756
- provision of
1212 to 1215
0813 0823
Overboard discharges
1002 to 1005
overboard discharge valves
1016 1134
Overpressure

196
 NES 719
Issue 2
pClauses
.

Parallel operation of pumps 2027 to 2030

Performance - multi-pump - fixed open flow devices 2031 to 2035
- multi-pump - automatic variable
opening flow devices 2036 and 2037
- pumps and systems 2001 to 2063
- shutting-off equipments 2011 to 2020
Pipe - bends 1101 1103
1105
- manipulation 1197
- sizing 1120
- supports 1169 to 1175
Pipework design 1101 to 1113
Plastic (PVC) pipe - maximum water speed 1125
Prefabrication of pipes 1109
Preservation - general 1701 to 1703
- gratings 1322
- piping in bilge 1142
- pump seats 0939
- sea water tanks 1415
Pressure drop - across equipments 0626
calculations 1121
Pressure gauges 1513 to 1516
Pressure gauge correction 1516
Pressure reducing valves - provision of 0756
L' Pressure testing 1904 to 1917
Pre-wetting - capacity 0617
- requirements 0742 to 0745
Priming connections 0823
Pump - bedplates 0942
- controls 0718
0945 to 0947
- cooling 0948 to 0949.
- flexibles 0944
- head: flow characteristics 0912 0914
- leak-offs 0948
- motor performance 0913

197
NES 719
Issue 2

Clauses kjm

Pump - motor sizing 203B8 to 2043

0911
- NPSH required
0916
- performance at various speeds
2023 to 2025
- performance, speed correction
0925 to 0941
- seats - design
0931 to 0941
- manufacture
0939
- preservation
0928
- welding
0622 0623
- selection- HPSW System
0907 to 0911
- SYMES
2005 2006
0605 to 0610
- siting
0709 0710
0923 0924
0840
- specification for dual duties
0815 0817
- start-up
0902
- types and selection
0901
Pumps - NES
R
1111
Reliability - systems
1024 to 1026
Reducing valves
1233
1022 1023
Relief valves - discharges
1145 1146

- general 1018 to 1023 3

1026
1107
- inlet piping
0756 1238
- provision of
1020
- sizing
1008 1013
Remote controls - manual and power operated
1010 to 1013
- valves 0706
Ring Main - HPSW
0711
Risers - HPSW

S
1902
SDD treatment
0749
Salvage arrangements
0615 0751
Salvage eductors - capacity
1011
- valve control

198
 NES 719
Issue 2

Clauses

Scoops 0821

Sea inlets and discharges - air venting 1332 1333

- construction 1311 to 1318

- finish 1318

- shape 1312 1313

- size 1314 to 1317

Sea inlet valves 1002 tO 1004

Sea tubes and boxes 1308 1309

1331

Sea water - properties 0602

Sea water tanks 1401 to 1415

- construction 1401 1402

- preservation 1415

Self-contained systems for designated equipments 0824 to 0829

Sensors 1517 to 1519

Sequential Starting 0947

Series operation.of pumps 2044

0835 0836
Shaft bearing water supply
Shields, deflectors and drip trays 1140
1905 1906
Shop tests
1917

Shore supplies 1602 to 1608

- connections 1604

- deck elbows 1608

Sight flow indicators 1526

Single pump/system performance 2002 to 2025
Sprayesystem valves 0726

Sounding tubes 1409 to 1412

1414
Sounding tapes - stowage
Stand pipes 0731
0822 0827
Standby supplies
0829 0833
0834 0840
1110
Standard pipe lengths
1166
Steel - pipes
1184
- corrosion pieces

199
HES 719
Issue 2

Clauses .)

Stern seals and tube bearing water supplies 0835 to 0837

1177 1181
Strainers
Stub pipes for instrument isolating valves 1508
0510 0512
Submersion
Syphonic and non-syphonic systems o813 to 0820

Systems - general requirements 0603

- head: flow characteristics 1114 to 1121

- performance 2001 to 2063

- pressure drops 0809 0810

- pressure drop calculation

0811

- reliability 111

T
1401 .1402
Tanks
0754
- design
0608
- discharges
0751 0752
- filling
0753 1415
- preservation
1106
Tapered pieces
1917
Tests after installation
1918 to 1921
Tests and trials
1520 to 1524
Thermometers
- fittings 1512

- pockets 1509 to 1512

1922 to 1933
v
Tuning

0718
Valves - control, local and remote
1010 to 1013

- isolating in HPSW Systems 0721 to 0727

1004 to 1008
- location
- requirements 1001
1001 1002
types available
0509
Vibrational environment
W
0713 to 0715
Warm water supplies
1903 to 1917
Water pressure tests
1130
Water speeds - calculation of
- maximum and minimum 1122 to 1133 •2
0737
- relaxation

200
 NES 719
Issue 2
Clauses
Water testing - air escapes 1408
Weed box 1321
Welded joints 1153 to 1159
Welding 1195
Winterisation 0728 to 0730
Working pressure 1903

201/202
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