ASSIGNMENT 1 L01

WAN KHAIRUL AZMI BIN WAN DRIS 55220217119

SURAYA BINTI JOHARI 55220217049

3.0 m Distillation
column
Storage tank
1.5 m P2 = Absolute pressure
P1 = Atmospheric Pressure

Centrifugal pump

CALCULATIONS:

Given that:

Diameter, D (m) : 0.08

Density, 𝜌 (kg/m3) : 900

Viscosity, v (Ns/m2) : 0.00136

Length, L (m) : 100

Equivalent length, Lequiv (m) : 48

Height differences, ∆z (m) : 1.5

Atmospheric pressure, P1 (Pa): 101325

Absolute pressure, P2 (Pa) : 170000

Gravitational force, g (m/s2) : 9.81

In order to determine the operating point, head pump characteristic curve, hpump and system curve
must be plotted in a graph of head (m) versus flow rate (m3/s). System curve points are given in
the question that represented as liquid head. Next, to get the values of head pump characteristic
curve, the following formula has been used in the calculation:
(P1 −P2 )
hpump = + ∆z + hL (1)
ρg
ASSIGNMENT 1 L01
WAN KHAIRUL AZMI BIN WAN DRIS 55220217119
SURAYA BINTI JOHARI 55220217049

Firstly, since the pressure differences, gravitational energy, density and the difference in height
can be obtained from the question, the total head loss, hL must be calculated by undergoing the
summation of the major head loss and minor head loss.

hL (m) = hmajor (m) + hminor (m) (2)

Next, in order to calculate the major head loss, the following formula has been used in the
calculation:
L V2 (3)
hmajor = f(D)(2g )

Since it is a major head loss, the length of 100m pipe has been used. However, the value of
friction factor must be identified by the iteration method of the following formula:
𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2.0 log( 3.7 + ) (4)
√𝑓 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

From equation 4, relative roughness, 𝜀, can be obtained from the table of equivalent roughness
value for new commercial pipes and select the value of 0.045 mm for the commercial steel in the
particular table. Next, Reynold number, Re can be calculation by using the following formula:
ρVD
Re = (5)
v

However, the value of velocity must be calculated via the following formula and being
substituted back in equation 5:
𝑉̇
𝜋𝐷 2 /4
(6)

Noting that the value of V from equation 6 represents by the value of volumetric flow rate. Next,
after the value of 𝜀 and Re are known, those values are going to be substituted in the equation 4
and being solved via iteration method. After that, the values of friction factor are going to be
substituted in the equation 3 to obtain the values of major losses. The same method is being used
in order to obtain the value for minor head loss, except the length that being used is the
equivalent length value which is 48 m.
𝐿𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑉̇ 2
hminor = 𝑓( )(2𝑔) (7)
𝐷

After that, the value of hmajor and the value of hminor are going to be substituted back in the
equation 2 in order to get the value of total head loss, thus the value of total head loss is being
substituted in equation 1 so that the value of hpump.
ASSIGNMENT 1 L01
WAN KHAIRUL AZMI BIN WAN DRIS 55220217119
SURAYA BINTI JOHARI 55220217049

These steps are being repeated for each and every flow rates that are being tabulated in the
question given. After all the values of head pump are obtained, the graph of head (m) versus flow
rate (m3/s) is plotted as shown in the diagram below:

35

30

25
Head (m)

20

Liquid head (m)

15
Head pump, hp (m)

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Flowrate (m3/hr)

Figure 1: Figure of Head (m) versus Flow rate (m3/s)

The value of operating point can be obtained from the intersection of the liquid head curve and
also the head pump curve with the flow rate of 40 m3/hr and the head of 18 m.