SEMINAR REPORT

On

POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

By

SHAIK ABBAS (1604-13-734-302)

B.E 4/4 II-Semester (EEE)

SUBMITTED
TO

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department

Muffakham Jah College of Engineering & Technology
(Affiliated to Osmania University& Recognized by AICTE)

Road No.3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-34.

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 2016-2017

VISION

To produce proficient engineers who illuminate the

nation, drive the industry and innovate in the field of power
and automation.

MISSION
Provide futuristic and comprehensive technical
education to equip students with core competencies and
relevant skills sets through effective teaching learning
methods and state of art laboratories thus preparing them for
global careers.

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. Graduates will demonstrate core competence and

leadership in their chosen fields of employment by
identifying, formulating, analyzing and implementing
engineering solutions using current techniques and
tools.

2. Graduates will communicate effectively as individuals

or team members and be successful in local and global
cross cultural working environment.

3.Graduates will demonstrate lifetime learning through

continuing education and professional development.

4.Graduates will be successful in providing viable and

sustainable solutions within societal, professional,
environment and ethical contexts.

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION

2 SCADA
2.1 Introduction
2.2 WONDERWARE-INTOUCH
2.3 Manufacturers of SCADA
2.4 Components of SCADA
2.5 Potential benefits of SCADA
2.6 Where SCADA is used ?
2.7 Applications of SCADA in power system
3 FUTURE SCOPE

4 CONCLUSION

References

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1. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION

Automation is the use of control systems such as

computers to control indus- trial machinery and
process,reducing the need for human intervention. In the
scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond
mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human
operators with machinery to assist them with physical
requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need
for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Processes and systems can also be automated.

Automation Impacts:
1. It increases productivity and reduce cost.

2. It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of

manufacturing pro- cess.
3. Automation is now often applied primarily to increase
quality in the man- ufacturing process, where
automation can increase quality substantially.
4. Increase the consistency of output.

5. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous

environments.

2 SCADA

2.1 Introduction

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a full control
system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level. As such, it
is a purely software package that is positioned on top of hard-
ware to which it is interfaced, in general via PLC. SCADA
systems are now also penetrating the experimental physics
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laboratories for the controls of ancillary systems such as
cooling, ventilation, power distribution, etc. More recently they
were also applied for the controls of smaller size particle
detectors such as the L3 moon detector and the NA48
experiment, to name just two examples at CERN.

SCADA systems have made substantial progress over the

recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance
and openness such that they are an alternative to in house
development even for very demanding and complex control
systems as those of physics experiments.
The process can be industrial, infrastructure or facility
based as described below:

1. Industrial Process: it includes those of manufacturing,

production, power generation, fabrication and refining
and process may be in continuous, batch, repetitive or
discrete modes.
2. Infrastructure Process: it may be public or private, and
water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection
and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power
transmission and distribution, and large communication
systems.
3. Facility Process: it occur both in public facilities and
private ones, in- cluding buildings, airports, ships and
space stations. They monitor and control HVAC, access and
energy consumption.
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 A SCADA System usually consists of the following Subsystems:

1. A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is the apparatus which

presents pro- cess data to a human operator, and through
this, the human operator mon- itors and controls the
process.
2. A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring)
data on the pro- cess and sending commands (control) to
the process.
3. Remote Terminal Units (RTU) connecting to sensors in the
process, con- verting sensor signals to digital data and
sending digital data to the super- visory system.
4. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) used as field devices
because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and
configurable than special- purpose RTUs.
5. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory
system to the Remote Terminal Units.

2.2 WONDERWARE-INTOUCH

Intouch is worlds leading supervisory control and data

acquisition software. The InTouch software package consist of
Tags (Memory + I/O). The package is available in 64, 256, 1000
and 64,000 Tags with the three options:

1. D+R+N ( Development +Run + Networking)

2. R+N ( Run +Networking )

3. Factory focus

With DRN package one can develop as well as run the

application but in case of RN one cannot develop/modify the
application. The application can be de- veloped by using DRN
package and can be installed on RN package.
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2.3 Manufacturers of SCADA
1. Allen Bradley : RS View

2. Siemens: win cc

3. Wonderware : Intouch

2.4 Components of SCADA

1.Instrument transformer
2.Transducer
3.Relay
4.RTU
5.Meter
6.Digital fault recorder
7.PLC
8.HMI

1. Instrument Transformers
 Instrument transformers are used to sense power system
current and voltage values. They are physically connected
to power syste apparatus and convert the actual power
system signals ,which include high voltage and current
magnitudes, down to lower signal levels
 CT
 PT

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2. Transducers
 Transducer is device which sense the changes in power
system parameter like voltage, load current, reactive
power, real power and status of circuit breaker, isolator
and when converted in suitable form ,which is useful for
further process
 Types-
1. Analog
2. Digital

3. Relay
A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system
disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the
I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and
equipment.
Relays create metering information, collect system status
information, and store historical records of power system
operation

4.Remote Thermal Unit

 RTU is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that

interfaces transducer & MTU by
transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by
using messages from the master supervisory system to
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 control connected objects. Another term that may be used
for RTU is remote tele-control unit.
 Unit of RTU-
1) AE (analog input card),
2) DE (digital input card)

5.Meters
A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate
measurements of power system current, voltage, and power
values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved
within the meter to create historical information about the
activity of the power system

6. Digital Fault Recorder

 A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED that records
information about power system disturbances.
 It is capable of storing data in a digital format when
triggered by conditions detected on the power system.
Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data
captured by DFRs.

7.Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

 A programmable logic controller (PLC), or
programmable controller is an industrial digital
computer which has been ruggedised and adapted for the
control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines,
or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high
reliability control and ease of programming and process
fault diagnosis.
 For protection, control and metering Logical operations are
made by using switches
 PLC performs the logical operations and displayed the
operation on computer screen
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 8. Human Machine Interface(HMI)

 Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are

deployed for control and visualization interface between a
human and a process, machine, application and appliance.
Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory
Automation.

2.7 Application of SCADA in Power System

SCADA for Power Generating Stations:

With the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

hardware and powerful bus communication links along with
SCADA software and hardware’s in power generating stations,
delivering an optimal solution for each and every process
operation is flexible with advanced control structures. The above
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figure shows the SCADA structure in power generation where it
supervises several operations, including protection, controlling
and monitoring. The functions of SCADA in power generation
include

 Continuous monitoring of Speed and Frequency

 Geographical monitoring of coal delivery and water
treatment processes
 Supervising the status of circuit breakers, protective relays
and other safety related operations
 Generation operations planning
 Active and reactive power control
 Turbine protection
 Load scheduling
 Historical data processing of all generation related
parameters

SCADA for Power Distribution System:

Power distribution system deals with transmission of electric

power from generating station to the loads with the use of
transmission and distribution substations. Most of the power
distribution or utility companies rely on manual labor to perform
the distribution tasks like interrupting the power to loads, all the
parameter hourly checking, fault diagnosis, etc. The
implementing SCADA to the power distribution not only reduces
the manual labor operation and its cost but facilitates automatic
smooth operations with minimizing disruptions.

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 SCADA for Power Distribution System

The figure shows the structure of SCADA in power system where

it collects the entire data from various electrical substations
(even at remote locations) and correspondingly process the data.
Programmable logic controllers in substations continuously
monitor the substation components and corresponding transmits
that to centralized PC based SCADA system. In the event of any
outages of power this SCADA allows to detect the exact location of
fault therefore without waiting for the calls from customers
SCADA gives an alarm system to the operators for identifying and
preventing it. And also in substations SCADA automatically
controls isolator switches and circuit breakers for violating
parameter limits, thereby continuous inspection of parameters
are performed without a line worker. Some of the functions of
SCADA in power distribution system are given below.

 Improving power system efficiency by maintaining an

acceptable range of power factor
 Limiting peak power demand
 Continuous monitoring and controlling of various electrical
parameters in both normal and abnormal conditions
 Trending and alarming to enable operators by addressing
the problem spot
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  Historian data and viewing that from remote locations
 Quick response to customer service interruptions

2.5 Potential benefits of SCADA

The benefits one can expect from adopting a SCADA system for
the control of experimental physics facilities can be summarised
as follows:

1. The amount of specific development that needs to be

performed by the end-user is limited, especially with
suitable engineering.
2. Reliability and robustness: These systems are used for
mission critical industrial processes where reliability and
performance are paramount. In addition, specific
development is performed within a well-established
framework that enhances reliability and robustness.
3. Technical support and maintenance by the vendor.

2.6 Where SCADA is used?

1. Electric power generation, transmission and

distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow and line
voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to
take sections of the power grid online or offline.
2. Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers
use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration units, lighting and
entry systems.
3. Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time
manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots,
and monitor process and quality control.
4. Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and
trolley buses; to automate traffic signals for rail systems; to
track and locate trains and buses; and to control railroad
crossing gates.
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 5. Water and sewage: State and municipal water utilities use
SCADA to monitor and regulate water flow, reservoir levels,
pipe pressure and other factors.
6. Traffic signals: regulates traffic lights, controls traffic flow
and detects out-of-order signals.

3 Future Scope

1. This project can be implemented practically when SCADA

is connected with PLC. More enhanced features can be
added up to it. For e.g. Reverse Osmosis purification system
can be added.
2. The project based on sewage can be extended to water
purification sys- tems, oil refinery systems in industries.
3. The project can also be extended to packaged drinking
water industries where water is first purified, then filled
into bottles, capped, labelled and then sold in bottles.

4 CONCLUSION

With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose

sight or knowl- edge of the basic theory or operation of
programmable logic. Most people sim- ply use the hardware to
produce the results they desire. Hopefully, this report has given
the reader a deeper insight into the inner workings of
programmable logic and its role in mechanical operations. The
idea of programmable logic is very simple to understand, but it
is the complex programs that run in the lad- der diagrams that
make them difficult for the common user to fully understand.
Hopefully this has alleviated some of that confusion.
SCADA is used for the constructive working, using a SCADA
system for control ensures a common framework not only for
the development of the spe- cific applications but also for
operating the detectors. Operators experience the same ”look
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and feel” whatever part of the experiment they control.
However, this aspect also depends to a significant extent on
proper engineering.

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA
2. http://www.iosrjournals.org
3. http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/09/scada-
systems-for-electrical-distribution.html
4. http://applicationofscada.blogspot.in/?m=1

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