(QUANTITATIVE)

- quantitative is an influence testing technique and also called:

 A multiple regression test aiming to provide explanation on relationship between research

variables.

 To analyze each factor’s influence in the test based on the proposed hypotheses.

Element-element for quantitative

1. Data Gathering Instruments

 The techniques is use questionnaire and test instruments with Likert scale and then
analyzed with EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) using modern item response theory
method. Beside that, the instrument is based on objective assessment.

 Instrument testing is conducted with the unused validity in which instruments are directly
used to respondents and then analyzed by removing those invalid and unreliable items.

2. Findings

 Each variable data description: The collected data are the analyzed with a descriptive
statistics using SPSS 23 for windows by includig some criteria on date homogeneity and
linearity.

 Hypothesis Testing: aims to make a statistical conclusion about accepting or not accepting
the hypothesis. There is not a relationship between dependent variable and independent
variable (Null Hypothesis). Relationship between dependent variable and independent
variables (Alternate Hypothesis)

(QUALITATIVE)

-Qualitative approach is using post structural qualitative collective case study methodology,
then the researcher facilitated how many participants such as 5 to engagement in self-study by
asking them to consider the question given by the researcher

-Beside that, after the question given the reflections of the participants will be explore through
focus group discussions, individual interviews, a selection of assessed reflective journal entries
based on the research and reflective writing about these reflective journal entries.
Element-element for qualitative

1. Methods

 The participants reflected on the focus question given through four phases pf data
generation.

 Focus group discussions is an opportunities to consider their understandings through

interactions with others. They were able to reflect on their own identities ans histories in
depth during individual interviews and through reflective writing.

 The reflective journal entries and the reflective writing about them were analysed as data.

 Preliminary data analysis involved assigning codes to segments of data and the
aggregating codes into themes. The codes consisted of phrases, sentetnces or paragraphs
that seemed to refer to the same topic.

2. Findings

 The participants negotiated their subjectivities within three dominant discourses. It was
also evident in participants data that they engaged in critical reflection when they showed
awareness of how they were positioned within power relations and of the opportunities
available to them to exert.

 Three dominant discourses

THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE

1. The aims on qualitative is more on see the variation from the data the researcher get and
just focus on one topic and the content in the topic and focus on certain things that need
to be observe thorough such as understand our surroundings. But for quantitative is
aiming explanations on relationship between research variables and to analyze each
factors influence, so its more on experimental research and analysis data.

2. Data research method for qualitative is more on interview, observation, focus group and
discussion and the question is more general. For quantitative, the researcher just using
existing instruments, the experiment must follow the procedure and the its more on close
question. The instrument more on resulting in increased data and observation data.

3. The researcher procedure for quantitative is more on identifying variables, make

predictions and obtaining strong evidence that support the hypothesis or not. For
qualitative, is more on involve the insider views or have participants, ask them a question
and understand them based on what they experiencing and more flexible and open to the
participants opinion.