CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

ENZYMOLOGY | CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ENZYMOLOGY

MEASUREMENT OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY

Measurement of Catalytic activity instead of concentration

International System Unit: IU/L Conventional Unit : katal

Measurement of the following at Zero Order Kinetics

Increase in Product Formation Decrease in Enzyme Concentration

Decrease in Substrate Concentration Increase in Concentration of Altered Coenzyme

Methods of Measurement
Fixed Time Continous Monitoring

End-point Kinetic Assay

Colorimetric Measures the Change in Absorbance

CLINICALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES

MUSCLE ENZYMES
Enzyme Notation Type Major Site/s
Creatine Kinase CK Transferase Skeletal, Cardiac & Brain Tissue

Aldolase ALD Lyase Skeletal Muscle

Glycogen Phosphorylase GP Transferase Heart, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, Brain

LIVER ENZYMES
Enzyme Notation Type Major Site/s
Cardiac, Liver, Skeletal, Kidney, Pancreas,
Aspartate Aminotransferase AST Transferase
RBC

Alanine Aminotransferase ALT Transferase Liver and Cardiac Tissues

Glutamate Dehydrogenase GLD Oxidoreductase Liver

Liver, Bone, Spleen, Placenta, Intestine,

Alkaline Phosphatase ALP Hydrolase
Kidney

5’-Nucleotidase NTP Hydrolase Liver

Proximal Renal Tubule > Liver > Pancreas >

γ-Glutamyltransferase GGT Transferase
Intestine

Glutathione S-Transferase GST Transferase Liver

PANCREATIC ENZYMES
Enzyme Notation Type Major Site/s
α-Amylase AMY Hydrolase Salivary Glands, Pancreas

Pancreas, Gastric, Pulmonary & Intestinal

Lipase LPS Hydrolase
Mucosa

Trypsin TRY Hydrolase Pancreas, Intestinal Tract

BONE ENZYMES
Enzyme Notation Type Major Site/s
Liver, Bone, Spleen, Placenta, Intestine,
Alkaline Phosphatase ALP Hydrolase
Kidney

Acid Phosphatase ACP Hydrolase Lysosomes, Bone

MISCELLANEOUS ENZYMES
Enzyme Notation Type Major Site/s
Liver, Heart, RBCs, Lymph nodes, skeletal
Lactate Dehydrogenase LD Oxidoreductase
muscle
RBC, Lungs, Spleen, Nerve Endings, Gray
Cholinesterase CHE Hydrolase
Matter of Brain

Lipoprotein-Associated
Lp-PLA2 Hydrolase Monocytes, Macrophages, T-Cells, Mast Cells
Phospholipase A2

Azurophilic Granules of PMNs and Monocyte-

Myeloperoxidase MPO Oxidoreductase
Macrophages

Pregnancy-Associated
PAPP-A Hydrolase Placental Syncytiotrophoblast
Plasma Protein A

Glucose-6-Phosphate
G6PD Oxidoreductase RBCs
Dehydrogenase

Pyruvate Kinase PK Transferase RBC’s, Skeletal Muscle Tissue