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1.0 GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This document summarizes how ICOM shall manage its operations & maintenance
work scope based on the Health, Safety & Environmental (HSE) program as set forth
herein and correlated with applicable standards, policies and regulations of the
relative Client.
As an essential document of ICOM’s HSE Program structure, this OPERATIONS
SAFETY MANUAL, hereinafter referred as ‘SAFETY MANUAL’, describes the
implementing procedures of the Company’s general policies and regulations covering
the HSE management functions of organizing, planning and controlling the required
resource inputs and specific actions to meet the objectives of the Service Contract.
This SAFETY MANUAL includes HSE procedures as referred to industry standards
and procedures for each work category and corresponding areas concerning HSE
listed under its index, together with the necessary guidelines, forms, and discussions.
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1.3 OBJECTIVES
The prime objective of this OPERATIONS SAFETY MANUAL is to ensure effective
prevention, planning and facilitate understanding of the specific safety practices,
resources and sequence of activities relevant to all phases of the Service Contract
Job. The main challenge is to smoothly implement the plan in a timely manner and
meet the overall HSE goals of the contract.
Through proper training, planning and compliance with all safety standards,
procedures, and work practices, all accidents / incidents causing injuries and
damages can be prevented. It is therefore further the objective of this SAFETY
MANUAL to:
Establish high standards of safety. All project personnel from Management staff
and below shall comply with safety rules and regulations by the following code
conduct for safety laid down by the company.
Ensure that each and every one has a duty and responsibility for safety of one’s
self and others.
Meet all respects of the applicable statutory requirements.
Comply with safety rules and regulations and eliminate all unsafe activities.
Find out all possibilities of accidents and take appropriate safety precautions, to
avoid any risk of health and untoward incidents.
Encourage effective implication of safe working procedures and practices.
Maintain a hazard free, clean and safe work environment at project site.
Enhance the safety procedures and knowledge through frequent education,
training and through advanced quality related to technology for all employees.
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1.6.1 Organization
The Project Organization is wholly responsible for safely executing and completing the
contract scope of work. Each personnel shall be tasked to contribute for the safety
and wellbeing of himself and his fellow workers. This means the responsibility for safe
work execution begins from the project manager, and down to the labourers.
The Project Organization to be adopted in this contract job is illustrated in the other
schedules. This Project Task Force is linked to ICOM’s Head Office to provide
technical and functional supportive roles to the project needs. The Project HSE
Organization shall be structured as per below:
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
CLIENT SAFETY
ADVISER SITE SAFETY MANAGER
SAFETY ASSISTANT
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ICOM’s Project Manager, in coordination with Client Project Manager, has the overall
authority to administer the Service Management. They shall be fully supported by the
project key personnel, i.e.:
Project Manager
The Project Manager shall be responsible for the administration of the OPERATIONS
SAFETY MANUAL on his projects. He is likewise tasked to implement ICOM’s Safety
Policy and shall be ready to discharge the allocated responsibility in order to fulfil
ICOM’s commitment to follow all the relevant safety rules and standards. He shall
support and assists the Safety Officer and all Work Supervisors in their areas of
responsibilities.
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The Project Manager is also responsible for the provision of resources and the
development of the organization to implement the company policy on health
and safety at work and for ensuring that the policy is implemented and
monitored.
His other responsibilities include:
Providing all the necessary support to the HSE Department and its personnel
onsite. This is to ensure that the company's OPERATIONS SAFETY MANUAL will
be implemented effectively.
Ensure that all accidents and near misses are investigated thoroughly.
Know the requirements of Client rules & regulations and relevant Saudi Arab
Government Workmen’s Regulations
Ensure that Client rules and regulations are observed and followed.
Maintain effective and prompt Communications on safety matters through all lines
of supervision.
Review and evaluate project safety performances
Provide necessary assistance needed to improve supervision performance at all
levels.
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Male Nurse
The Nurse is a key function of an HSE organization. The immediate and effective
response of a nurse can save the life of any person who has experienced a major
injury or illness. His first aid care to people who have experienced minor injuries and
sicknesses can prevent further complications. This prevention and medical assistance
benefits both the employee and the company. The nurse:
Must be certified by Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health as per regulations to practice
the health in the Kingdom.
Shall be responsible for administering first aid and facilitate injured or sick
personnel to obtain medical care.
Shall monitor adverse health conditions of workers.
Shall report to management any danger of contamination or contagious condition.
Shall guide workers on proper health care and management of their sicknesses.
Shall keep records of all injuries and sicknesses and submit a report of these
records to project management.
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ICOM’s Subcontractors
In the event that ICOM obtains the services of a subcontractor, the subcontractor
employees shall be governed by the same provisions and regulations set forth in this
SAFETY MANUAL. Subcontractor workers and supervisors shall be guided by the
same standard and regulations agreed between the Client and ICOM. This shall not
discount the subcontractor to perform their duties and responsibilities as prescribed in
their subcontract scope of work.
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1.8.2 Sickness
Any employee who suddenly becomes sick shall immediately report his condition to
his immediate supervisor. If the person is incapable to seek medical assistance, a co-
employee shall immediately report the matter to their Supervisor.
The work supervisor will facilitate first-aid. The work supervisor will coordinate with the
nurse to send the sick employee to the designated first-aid station or accredited
hospital.
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Item Penalties
Type of Violations
No 1st Offense 2nd Offense 3rd Offense 4th Offense
1.0 Failure to use the Verbal warning Written warning Written warning Written warning + 3
required personnel + 1 day salary + 2 days salary days salary
attire and safety deduction deduction deduction +
gears as Personnel Demobilization from
Protective site
Equipment (PPE)
during work duty.
2.0 Using inappropriate Written warning Written warning Written warning 5 days salary
and unsafe + 1 day salary + 2 days salary + 3 days salary deduction +
equipment and deduction deduction deduction + Termination notice if
without prior Demobilization repeated
knowledge by from site
immediate Superior
/ Supervisor
3.0 Neglecting to report Written warning Written warning Written warning Written warning +
an Accident / Injury + 2 days salary + 3 days salary + 5 days salary Downgrading
Incident by the deduction deduction deduction + position
concerned Demobilization
Foreman / from site
Supervisor
4.0 Unauthorized Written warning Written warning Written warning Termination
operations of any + 3 days salary + 5 days salary + 5 days salary
delicate Plant deduction deduction + deduction +
Equipment, Demobilization Termination
Process Control, from site notice if
etc. repeated
Neglecting to report Written warning Written warning Written warning Written warning + 5
a Vehicular + 2 days salary + 3 days salary + 4 days salary days salary
5.0
Accidents involving deduction deduction deduction deduction +
Company-owned Termination notice if
equipment by the repeated
concerned Driver/
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Operator or its
immediate
supervisor whoever
is at disposal to
report.
6.0 Involving in playful Written warning Written warning Written warning Written warning+3
misbehaviours, + 1 day salary + 2 days salary days salary
horseplay and deduction deduction deduction +
abnormal acts, Demobilization from
during working site + Termination
period. notice if repeated
7.0 Smoking in Immediate removal from CLIENT Plant & Facility premises; ID withdrawn and
unauthorized recall to ICOM’s home office for employment termination
location
8.0 Over speeding to Written warning Withdrawal of ID ID will be
required authorized + 1 day salary and suspension withdrawn
speed limits and deduction for one (1) week
other traffic offense. CLIENT property
-
9.0 Urinating on Verbal warning Written warning Written warning Written warning + 3
exposed areas + 1 day salary + 2 days salary days salary
other than the deduction deduction deduction +
authorized Toilets. Demobilization from
site
10.0 Defacing Safety Immediate Termination
signs/ Barriers. withdrawal of
CLIENT ID &
written warning
11.0 Tinkering and / or Immediate withdrawal of CLIENT ID & written warning
unnecessary
operation of fire
protection and
alarm system
equipment.
12.0 Deliberate unsafe Immediate withdrawal of CLIENT ID & written warning
practice of fire-
causing acts like
throwing lighted
Cigarettes in
flammable materials
/ gasses, etc.
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Category B = Non-Hazardous work that may not cause any harm to personal
safety, equipment and environment.
Category C = Hazardous work where there is a reasonable possibility of personal
injury, damage to equipment and environment.
Work Activities shall be classified as per the following:
Cold Work - work that will not produce sufficient energy to ignite flammable
atmospheres/materials.
Hot Work - work done when using spark or flame producing equipment, for vehicle
entry into any restricted area, or such that the activity creates enough energy to
produce fire.
Release of Hazardous Materials - work done when opening lines or vessels that
may release hazardous or toxic substances.
Confined Space Entry - work done when people enter places that are not
normally intended for human occupancy. Examples of these works are tank
cleaning, tank inspection, work in sewers or excavation of 4 feet or deeper.
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ICOM shall adopt the ‘12-Rules on Work Permit Procedure’ which are described as
follows:
1. Issuer and Receiver must inspect job site together before signing the work
permit.
2. Issue the correct permits for the job - hot, cold, vessel or confined space entry,
and/or gas release. Two or more permits may be required for the job.
3. Issuer and receiver must both have in their possession a valid work permit
certification card (issuer and receiver respectively).
4. Gas test and oxygen analysis test must be made before issuing work permit.
The gas testing should be witnessed by receiver.
5. Job description and equipment used must be clearly stated on the work permit.
Be specific, issue permits for a single pump, drum, etc.
6. All tick boxes must be correctly filled in and gas readings indicated.
7. Proper lockouts, hold tags, and blinds must be used where applicable (multiple
clips with lock, and/or chains with padlocks).
8. Work permits should be issued for the specific period of time required to
complete the job.
9. To extend time work permit beyond one shift, the oncoming shift issuer must
inspect job site, write in extended time and sign permit.
10. Special precautions such as requirements for fire watch, Scott air packs, life
lines, barricades, etc. must be written on the permit.
11. The work permit must remain on the job site in a conspicuously visible place
while work is going on. If an emergency develops, the permit must be
withdrawn immediately and all work stopped without questions.
12. The work permit must be closed out after a job is completed. Issuer and
receiver must inspect the job site and signs off the work permit.
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request a work permit from the WPI before doing any work which requires a Work
Permit.
ICOM shall coordinate with the Client’s Safety Adviser to establish the WPR for the
project site. This WPR shall tie-up with the WPI and shall form part of the Work Permit
procedure specified under Section 2.1.2. The responsibilities of the WPI and WPR
shall be in accordance with the ’12-Rules on Work Permit Procedure’. Issuance and
approval of Work Permits shall be in accordance with regulations specified by Client
on the project site. Guidelines for the validity of work permits shall be coordinated with
the Client.
The WPR must keep the work permit posted on the immediate work area at all times.
If the display of the work permit is impractical, the WPR shall keep a copy of the work
permit in his possession or within view of the job site for the duration of the job. The
work permit shall be presented to upon request of related officers. If the WPR leaves
the job site, an equally competent WPR shall be required to replace him during his
absence until he returns.
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Before using open flames in a manhole or excavation in an area, the atmosphere shall
be tested. Entrance shall be permitted only when found safe or cleared of the
combustible gases or liquids.
Before any personnel enter manholes or unvented vaults, it shall be promptly
protected with a barrier, temporary cover, or other suitable guard. The following
guidelines are also given:
No entry to confined space shall be permitted unless forced ventilation is provided.
The confined space atmosphere shall be determined if safe for entry by testing for
oxygen deficiency and the presence of explosive gases of fumes.
Appropriate warning signs shall be promptly placed when covers of manholes or
vaults are removed.
Where unsafe conditions are detected during the stay in the manhole, the
personnel shall be evacuated and the unsafe condition shall be corrected before
entry is again allowed.
Provisions shall be made to ensure adequate continuous supply of clean
breathable air.
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along scaffolds, ladders and higher structures where the fall of solid bodies could
injure the worker.
All hard hats should be regularly inspected by the wearer for signs of deterioration,
damage or wear.
Exemptions on the wearing of safety hats may be authorized by the Client‘s Safety
Advisor, after careful evaluation. This is done whenever the use of hard hat could
present a reduction of safety in the performance of specific tasks, in particular
positions or in special circumstances.
The following guidelines are given for use of Face and Eye Protection:
Safety glasses (both prescription and non-prescription), with attached rigid side
shields, and shall be worn while on the worksite. Safety glasses shall conform to
ANSI Standard Z87.1 or Client equivalent standard as a minimum for all
components (frames, lenses, and side shields). Flexible slip on side shields is not
acceptable for use.
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The use of safety shoes may be considered for recreational activities, or when
personnel are transferring to and from safe areas (offices, living quarters, change
rooms, kitchen, mess rooms, etc.). The following guidelines are gives for use of Hands
& Feet Protection:
Gloves of the appropriate type shall be worn when handling rough materials.
Examples of these materials are steel cables, piping, timber scaffoldings and
chemicals or other skin irritant materials.
Isolating gloves shall be worn by electricians, having technical characteristics to
the scope. Appropriate gloves shall be worn by welders engaged in welding and
oxy-arc cutting works, together with the approved body arms legs protection
clothing.
Work performed in areas where potential foot hazards exist, are required to wear
ANSI Z41 or similar approved footwear. Footwear shall be suitable for the task to
be performed. Steel Toe Footwear is normally required on the jobsites. Athletic
style footwear is not allowed.
Some job tasks will require the use of foot wear with metatarsal guards, for
activities such as the use of jackhammers, vibratory compactors, tampers and
large impact equipment.
The use of rubber or other chemical-resistant boots may be required for working in
and around chemicals or wet areas.
Shin guards or chaps shall be worn whenever using a chain saw, brush hook,
scythe or cut off saw.
All employees are required to wear proper hand protection for performance of
manual task. Leather gloves shall be worn any time employees are handling
materials or performing tasks.
ICOM shall provide special gloves, i.e. chemical-resistant, thermal-resistant, cut-
resistant, high-voltage, etc., to their specialized craft personnel.
NOTE: Employees working on or near energized electrical parts shall wear either a
dielectric toed safety shoe with a defined heel, or an adequate leather shoe with
a defined heel.
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soda lime, molecular filters and the performance of some works, which result in the
production of dust, such as chipping or grinding in confined spaces, wood working,
concrete or rock breaking, etc.
Before the start of work, the Client shall be furnished with proof of compliance as per
ANSI or equivalent Client standard. The following provisions and supporting
documentation are also required:
A cartridge or canister change schedule shall be implemented for air purifying
respirators when used for gases or vapours.
Medical examination shall be done for personnel prior to the use of respirators.
Medical records shall be available for reference.
Respirator Training records shall kept available for reference. Records shall
indicate the type of respirator the employee is trained to use.
Annual fit testing is required for all tight fitting face pieces (positive pressure as
well as negative pressure)
All supplied air shall be certifiable Grade “D” breathing air, from a dedicated
source.
All personnel shall be informed that dust filters are for dust only and in no
circumstances should it be used as a protection against gases, fumes or smoke.
If ventilation is not possible, the use of the ‘Self Contained Breathing Apparatus’
(SCBA respirators) is mandatory for all work covered by a confined space entry
permit. Confined work spaces, where smoke and fumes are produced, must be
installed with forced ventilation system.
Respirators are also required when working in areas which have the potential for
chemical release, i.e., hydrogen sulphide, chlorine and fumes from galvanized
removal process.
Respirators may also be necessary for emergency evacuation and control of
accidental gas releases.
The emergency incident leader, in agreement with the Safety Officer, shall
evaluate and advise the need for SCBA equipment in emergency rescue
operations.
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Safety belts should not be used as part of the fall arrest system but only to restrain
the wearer to his place of work.
A lanyard system serving as lifeline shall be installed and anchored at both ends
firmly and safety on stable existing structure. This lanyard should have a minimum
breaking point strength of 2,450 Kg. (5,400 Lbs.).
The fall protection lanyard shall be attached to the D ring located in the middle
back of the full body safety harness.
Clothing must have adequate protection to the body. Shirts must have at least a t-
sleeve. Shirt-tails must be worn inside the trousers except in the case of welders
and burners. No polyester or nylon clothing will be allowed for burners or welders.
FRC (Fire Retardant Clothing) shall be worn as prescribed by Client standards or
work area regulations.
All personal protective equipment shall meet ANSI/OSHA requirements prescribed
herein or their equivalent Client requirements.
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should direct others as much as possible, and provide them a copy of this
manual.
During work assignments, where restricted areas have been established, and should
all available survey meters fail to function, then the following steps must be taken:
Attempt to retract the source into the shielded position following the standard
operating procedures.
Re-survey for radiation and check established restricted areas. Check to
ensure whether source has retracted into shielded position and if so, lock in
place.
If the source does not return to its shielded position, after responsible
attempts, then do not attempt to recover source.
Post the area and consistently monitor. Restrict access and immediately
notify the (R.S.O) Radiation Safety Officer and ask for his instructions.
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first aid attendant. The First Aid Attendant shall possess the required minimum
qualification of having a formal training and approved by the Client.
The advice given in this section is only intended for first aid. It should not be
interpreted as a substitute for medical attention by a medical physician or any health
professional. If medical aid is going to be needed urgently, the victim should be sent
immediately to a physician or to a medical facility thru an ambulance or emergency
service vehicle.
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2.4.5 Definitions
The following are some important definitions in accident management.
• Medical Treatment - Any treatment, other than first aid treatment, administered to
injured employees.
• First-Aid Treatment - Any one time treatment, and any follow up visit for the
purpose of observation, of minor scratches, cuts burns, splinters and so forth
which do not ordinarily require medical care. Such one time treatment and follow
up visit for the purpose or observation is considered first aid, even though
provided by a physician, or registered professional personnel.
• Minor Injuries - All injuries regardless how minor, shall be recorded in the site-
first aid room 'treatment register/record'. Minor on-site injuries treated by
application of first aid, and then person immediately 'returns to work' do not
require reporting. However, if the person injured on site, and then does not
resume work, a report must then be submitted.
• Serious Injuries - Injuries that require medical facility attention in view of severe
physical damage from an incident
Medical Treatment Case (MTC) – cases which require further attention beyond
first aid. MTCs are reportable and must be investigated.
• Lost Time Incident (LTI) - A lost time incident is determined by an injured person
being off from work one (1) work day, in addition to day of the injury. The day off
from work must be a direct result of the incident. The loss of three or more days is
also reportable to the Saudi Arabian Government by the employer.
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Ambulance
In the occurrence of a serious accident, the immediate use of the ambulance shall be
required while assisting the injured person with the applicable first aid treatment.
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While there are several conditions that can be considered life threatening, priority
should be given to respiratory arrest and severe bleeding. These conditions
require immediate life saving techniques.
In all actions taken during the initial survey, the first aider should be especially
careful not to move the victim any more than necessary to support life.
Attending to Injuries
Hands should be washed before treating wounds, burns or eye injuries.
Always take extra care and precaution in handling the victim.
Once respiratory arrest and severe bleeding have alleviated, attention should be
focused on other obvious injuries.
Open chest or abdominal wounds should be sealed, open fractures immobilized,
burns covered and less serious bleeding wounds dressed.
Once the obvious injuries have been treated, the secondary survey can be made
to detect less easily noticed injuries that can be aggravated by mishandling.
A spinal injury should not be mishandled or taken lightly, he could suffer spinal
damage, leading to paralysis or even death.
A closed fracture can become an open fracture, if not immobilized.
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Where there is shock, casualties should be kept lying down and comfortable. The
victim should be covered with a light blanket or clothing, however, hot water bottles
should not be applied.
Drinks should not be given or anything by mouth if there is seems to be an internal
injury.
Bleeding
Stop the bleeding at once and send promptly for a doctor or an ambulance.
To control bleeding: Direct pressure on the bleeding point for as long as may be
necessary.
Apply a pad of sterilized dressing and cotton wool and bandage firmly. These
measures should control the bleeding.
Fractures
Do not attempt to move a casualty with broken bones or injured joints, until the
injured parts have been secured with triangular bandages, or other suitable pieces
of materials, so that they cannot move.
An injured leg may be tied to the uninjured one, and an injured arm tied to the
body, padding between with cotton wool.
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Electric shock
Switch off the current.
If this is not possible, the objective will then be to disconnect the victim to the point
of contact. This may be done by either using something made of rubber, cloth or
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wood or a folded newspaper. The victim’s own clothing may also be jerked away
from the point of contact, provided both the victim’s clothes and the rescuers
hands are insulated or dry.
Do not touch the skin of the victim before the current is switched off.
If breathing is failing or has stopped, artificial respiration should be given, which
should be continued until further medical attention is obtained.
Get help and send for a doctor.
Gassing
Carry the casualty into fresh air; do not let him walk.
If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration, get help and send for a doctor
or an ambulance.
Mild cases should be kept resting and, after recovery, send home by car.
Wound care
Keep the wound clean and dry.
Do not remove dried wound tissue, allow wound to coagulate and dry.
If you must work in surroundings that will dirty the dressing, wear a protective
covering such as a glove or plastic film wrapped around the dressing.
If wound is dressed, a clean dressing should be applied whenever it becomes
soiled, unless otherwise advised by nurse or a doctor.
If the wound accidentally becomes soiled, clean it is soon as possible with mild
soap and water, using a patting action (DO NOT RUB).
Dry the wound completely by gentle patting motions before putting a new dressing.
Avoid use of the wounded parts as much as possible, especially if it is a finger,
hand or foot. If the wound is around a joint, do not attempt to bend joint.
For stitches which will not dissolve, have stitches removed according to doctor’s
instructions to avoid infection. Stitches can be removed at your local first aid room.
If a wound becomes red, warm, swollen, shows pus, or feels more sore instead of
less sore as days go by. If the victim begins to run a fever or have chills, contact a
doctor immediately to check for infection.
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INCIDENT ACCIDENT
OCCURE
EMPLOYEE REPORTS
TO SUPERVISOR
EMPLOYEE TREATED
SUPERVISOR/SAFETY OFFICER
INVESTIGATE AND REPORTS
Client HSE TO CLIENT HSE DEPARTMENT
ADVISOR AND ICOM PROJECT MANAGER
AND HSE MANAGER
The Project Manager shall be promptly informed of any accident of relevant nature.
This responsibility of information should be done by the immediate work supervisor
and the safety officer.
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The Final incident report shall contain the observations and evaluations that came out
during the investigation of the accident.
A Monthly Safety Report and Injury Summary Report will be maintained and reported
by the Safety Supervisor to the Project Manager.
2.5.3 Layout
Good layout helps ensure the project can be carried out efficiently. The following
principles of project layout and organization can help minimize fire risks:
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Avoid congestion around machinery and equipment where there is a high level of
activity and traffic.
Operations having a high fire risk, such as welding and spray painting, should be
isolated from flammable and explosive materials or specially protected.
Be sure to provide adequate emergency access and egress.
Storage of flammable and explosive materials shall have an established program
which shall be strictly implemented.
Amount of storage in the plant site should be restricted to minimum quantities
necessary for an uninterrupted cycle of operations.
Use a larger, secondary storage site outside the plant area where possible.
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Storage
All flammable liquids must be kept in securely capped metal containers or steel
drums on which the contents are clearly marked.
Gasoline, acetone, spirits and other volatile liquids with flash points below 32 °C
(90 °F) should be kept in strong metal lockers located in well-ventilated, non-
combustible huts or sheds.
Dry chemical fire extinguishers shall be placed nearby storages of flammable
liquids and readily accessible in case of fire.
Drums containing flammable fluids shall be provided with bung vents.
Flammable storage areas must be securely locked or fenced, posted with a
warning sign “Danger: Flammable Area” and must be located at least 15 meters
(50 feet) away from the nearest building or storage area for combustibles.
No, other materials should be stored with flammable liquids.
Flammable gases in cylinders (acetylene, propane, etc.) shall be segregated from
other materials, preferably under an open, well-ventilated sun shade.
Oxidizing gases (oxygen, chlorine, nitrous oxide, etc.) shall be stored separately.
Ventilation
Gasoline and diesel powered equipment should only be used in well-ventilated
areas.
Exhaust pipes should be kept away from combustible materials. Engines must be
stopped before refuelling takes place.
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2.5.8 Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is often the most neglected concern in the work site, yet is it one
of the most important factors where incidents happen, especially in fire incident cases.
ICOM shall implement a good housekeeping program which shall be personally
monitored by the project manager and the site safety manager. Practically, good
housekeeping on the work site can eliminate situations where a fire can start. Here
are some guidelines:
Rubbish, accumulated at a job site, provides a good starting point for a fire.
Waste should be removed at regular intervals and always at the end of a working
day.
Metal bins with close-fitting lids should be provided for oily rags wood shavings,
and other highly combustible wastes.
Use non-combustible absorbents to remove spills or leaks of oil. Contents of ash
trays should not be mixed with other waste.
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Contractor personnel shall be made aware of the fire fighting equipment available on
site and be familiar with its use. These are the three types of fire extinguishers
normally found on operations sites: water, carbon dioxide and dry chemical types:
Caution:
A CO2 extinguisher should never be used in enclosed areas where people are
present, because the gas displaces oxygen from the immediate environment.
When the oxygen level in the environment is reduced sufficiently to put out a fire,
the oxygen level is also incapable of supporting human life. Also, they may not be
effective outdoor due to dissipation of wind.
Pressurized Water
Where a pressurized water system is available on site, the contractor is responsible
for supplying hoses and nozzles.
Since most fires at operations sites involves Class “A” materials, they can be
fought with water.
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Charged water hoses, ready for use, are a necessity. If there is no permanent
system installed at a particular location, a water tanker and portable water
extinguishers will have to be supplied in order to take care of any Class “A” fires.
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At the completion of the work and Employer has agreed so in writing, Contractor will
remove all temporary facilities and utilities including underground installations and all
areas used including the restoration to the their original condition.
ICOM scope of work does not include civil works, however, assistance will be
provided to other contractors who will execute the civil jobs. ICOM will cooperate in
this regard and give all the pertinent information regarding the execution of work such
as provision of holes, equipment basement and foundations, etc.
2.6.4 Facilities
The following are to be provided and equipped in the camp facilities, in consideration
of applicable regulations:
Guard House, in which shall be stationed deputized security personnel round the
clock
Rooms furnished with beds and lockers
Adequate toilets, shower and washing facilities with running water, as provided for
by the Sanitation Code
Adequate supply of drinking water
Kitchen and Dining Mess Halls to include food storage
Medical First aid room (under CLIENT facilities available for ICOM)
Trash, debris, rubbish and refuse containers/bins for collection
Recreational outdoor and indoor facilities
Fire Protection Equipment
Mosque for praying
Vehicles Parking Area.
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procedure, the existing or potential hazards (both behaviors and conditions), and the
contingencies or countermeasures to eliminate or control the identified hazards. Once this
analysis is completed, a complete operating procedure is developed that includes the safety
steps. The goal is to have only one document (operating procedure) to direct how a particular
task is completed. The JSA feeds into this single operating procedure and does not replace
this operating procedure.
The JSA process includes the identification of all the procedural steps, then the identification
of the hazards, and finally the identification of the contingencies. The process is done with a
team that includes, at a minimum, a person who knows and understands the work being
analyzed; a person who doesn’t know the work being analyzed; and someone who knows and
understands the JSA technique.
Job Safety Analysis is a procedure used to review job methods and uncover hazards:
– That may have been overlooked in the layout of the plant or building and in the
design of the machinery, equipment, tools, work stations, and processes, or
– That may have developed after production started, or
– That resulted from changes in work procedures or personnel.
ICOM shall develop the necessary detailed JSA for work execution activity which have
been identified as ‘High Risk’, and as may be referred to the planned schedule of
activities within the project scope of work. The JSA Hazard Checklist is given on
Section 4.22 of this manual.
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Select the right person from this to be observed. Briefing the person on the
purpose of the JSA and explain the benefits.
Break the job down into successive steps or activities and observe how these
actions are performed. Record each step in the breakdown. Check the breakdown
with the person observed.
Identify the hazards and potential accidents. (This is the critical step because only
an identified problem can be eliminated.)
Develop safe job procedures to eliminate or control the hazards and prevent the
potential accidents.
Operating procedures may be revised based on the job steps identified in the JSA as
hazards are more likely to be addressed, hence the new operating procedure shall
incorporate steps to avoid identified these hazards.
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too slow or too fast) duration, high force, posture, point of pneumatic)
operation, mechanical pressure, vibration,
environmental exposure)
toxic mechanical flammability/fire Radiation
biological workplace violence explosives electrical
chemical reactions struck-by struck-against contact-by
contact-with caught-in caught-by caught-between
fall-to-surface fall-below over exertion bodily reaction
over-exposure
List the contingencies and control measures for each identified hazard. The contingencies or
recommendations should be developed in sequence, be specific, and should be reviewed by
a person knowledgeable about Company and Governmental requirements.
Contingencies are alternate ways of doing the task step that avoid the hazard. Control
measures are additional things done to compensate for the hazard.
This Waste Management Program and Pollution Contingency Plan covers the plan of
action to be observed by ICOM during the job execution of the project scope of work
to avoid pollution or environmental contamination of the land, air or water arising out
of operational activities.
The program follows and in conjunction with the requirements set forth in the:
Environmental requirements of the Client.
ICOM Operations Safety Manual
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Sanitary Code
Client Safety Manual
All other applicable regulations set forth by the Kingdom
ICOM recognizes its responsibility to execute its operations and project activities in
compliance to existing and applicable environmental legislation, as well as Client
environmental regulations and standards. ICOM aims to protect all its personnel and
work areas regarding all environmental factors against pollution, degradation and
damage through the application of environmental protection programs, processes
and work procedures that help ensure effective environmental management.
2.8.2 Responsibility
The Project Manager is vested the authority and responsibilities to implement the
Environmental, Sanitary & Waste Management Program. The assistance of each
respective Key Personnel of the Project Team is vital to successful implementation of
this program.
The surveillance and monitoring of the implementation of this program is vested on
the designated Environmental Coordinator.
Safety Officer, Supervisors and Superintendents will actively help provide training,
information and supervision required to promote public health and hygienic practices
by employees.
The Environmental Coordinator with the Client’s Environmental Officer will conduct
periodic inspection of field facilities, equipment and work areas to detect and correct
environmental violations and unsanitary activities.
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Portable toilets will be placed at jobsite work area where it is accessible to the
workers. The number of portable toilets will depend on the number of workers as
defined in the Client’s Sanitary Code.
Sewage Holding Tanks and Portable toilets shall be cleaned and maintained
every two (2) days.
Sewage water holding tank for the accommodation area shall be on daily basis, a
permanent pump truck shall be assigned for this purpose.
Disposal area of waste water shall be provided by CLIENT at their designated
location.
Regular inspections shall be done to check the sewer system connection in good
operation. If necessary, removal of the accumulated material shall be done on a
regular basis as stated above.
The site Operations and Construction Department shall be responsible and shall
maintain a written record of the pumping and cleaning intervals to ensure that the
requirement is met. A copy of such records shall be made available for review
and inspection to the Client’s Environmental Officer.
Any holding tank which have overflowed, or otherwise created an odor or public
health nuisance, must be reported immediately to the Client’s Environmental
Officer.
Vehicles
All the vehicles for the transportation of the waste shall be suitable and dedicated to
the specific class of waste in order to avoid mixing of different type of waste. In
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particular, the vehicles must guarantee that no dispersion of product shall occur
during the transport. Vehicles carrying loads that are likely to blow-off from the
containment compartment shall have cover that is either integral part of the vehicle
or a separate cover of suitable material with fasteners to secure all sides of the
cover. This cover shall be in use while in transit.
All vehicles shall be provided with the fire prevention equipment (if needed) and
phone number to contact in the event of an emergency.
Toilet Facility
One (1) toilet facility must be maintained in work areas for the first one (1) to
fifteen (15) men and then at a rate of one (1) additional toilet per fifteen (15) men.
Toilet Facilities must be serviced and cleaned on a regular basis.
Toilet facilities maintenance and inspection shall have reference with
requirements outlined in the applicable Sanitary Code and relevant standards.
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Noise Pollution
The following procedures are to be implemented to prevent/minimize noise pollution
within the project area:
Trainings shall be provided to all concerned personnel on the effects of noise on
hearing.
Ensure that the noise contribution of new equipment entering the project site is in
accordance with applicable standards.
All other practical method shall be used to reduce noise level of all
materials/equipment under control of ICOM. At some instances when and where
noise cannot be avoided, and source of noise is coming from the daily operations
of the plant, remedial measures shall be introduced to the workers to avoid
adverse effects to human such as the following:
o Proper use of hearing protection device.
o Participate in the audiometric program, if required.
o Report any employee/worker who had found to have a significant change in
hearing threshold.
o Provide training to all concerned on the effects of noise on hearing.
The intensity of sound is measured in logarithmic units known as decibels (dB).
Above 80 decibels is considered over the threshold of human hearing, prolonged
exposure exceeding 80 decibels can cause permanent lose of hearing. In addition to
causing loss of hearing, there is some evidence that noise can produce other
deleterious effects on human health and on work performance. The following are
recognized sources of Noise Pollution:
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Jackhammers
rotating machines
blowers
engines and other machinery continuously running
Land Pollution
Handling and use of fuels for vehicles, generator sets and other engines shall be
conducted in a manner that will protect the surrounding environment. Spillage control
measures shall be in place and appropriately implemented. The hydrotest water
disposal is a possible source of pollution if not carried out according to the standards.
All spills and leaks eventually generated during construction phase shall be managed
according to specific instructions and regulations of the Client. Spill control shall be
coordinated and in consonance with the Client’s Spill Control program.
Air Pollution
Air pollution involves release into the atmosphere of gases, finely divided solids, or
finely dispersed liquid aerosols at rates that exceed the capacity of the atmosphere
to dissipate them or to dispose them thru the incorporation into solid or liquid layers
of the biosphere. Air pollution results from a variety of causes, not all of which are
within human control.
Dust storms in desert areas are natural phenomena to which aerial transport can
carry pollutants from one place to another. Dust-Air pollution may affect humans
directly, causing a smarting of the eyes or coughing. An effective ‘Dust-Control’
system should be in place for areas identified with heavy dust activity. The following
procedures are to be implemented to prevent air minimize excessive exhaust
emission:
Dust control shall be accomplished by properly wetting the earthen work area
prior to commencing the work activities.
Standards for ‘Ambient air quality and source emission’ shall be referred to for
more specifics and technical information for air pollution mitigation.
All other practical method shall be used to eliminate or reduce air pollution such
as airborne dust due to excavation and vehicular movement under control of
ICOM.
At some instances when and where they can not be avoided, and source of
pollution is coming from the daily operations of the plant, remedial measures shall
be introduced to the workers to avoid human effect. These remedial measures
shall include proper use of eye protection and breathing device. Personnel who
have been found to have affected significantly with air contaminants shall be
reported immediately.
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Minor Emergency
A situation where there is no danger to life and where risk of damage to
property/environment is minimal. For example, minor fires or emergencies that
may be dealt by personnel on site.
Medium Emergency
A situation where there is danger to life a risk of damage to property/environment
and which is within the capability of ICOM control team and equipments to control
and handle
Major Emergency
Where a situation exists or may develop which is beyond the capability of ICOM
emergency control team and equipment to control and requires assistance from
the government agencies and or other external resources.
2.9.3 Definitions
The ERG shall be the site area response group to address local emergencies of minor
nature, any major incidents shall be referred further to the ERT
The SEIL shall be the site work superintendent or supervisor who shall act as the
leader of the ERG and direct all necessary actions and responses of the ERG for
emergency incidents
The site area safety officer who shall act as the coordinator for information and ERG
responses in assistance to the SEIL
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The ERT is a group of designated employees who are trained and qualified to handle
emergencies, take control measure to minimize consequential loss & handle all
rescue operations at the emergency scene
The ERC is the overall in-charge at the emergency scene. He is responsible for all
decisions relating to management of the emergency. The Project Safety Manager will
act as the ERC.
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The ERM shall be authorized to make all necessary actions and decisions to facilitate
effective and immediate emergency response. For purposes of identification, the
Project Manager or his authorized representative shall be designated as the ERM. He
shall be authorized to declare emergency status and all clear instructions. He shall
manage the overall emergency organization and form strategies of effective
emergency response and has the authority for the final decision in any emergency
action. He shall have authority to declare evacuation proceedings for the entire scope
of the project. The ERM shall be located at the Emergency Control and
Communication Center (ECCC).
The ERM is responsible in assuming leadership of the ECCC, and shall implement the
emergency plan in accordance with approved procedures and directives. He shall be
the central reception of information updates, including control measures taken by the
incident commander. The ERM shall assess the emergency situation and direct
actions to minimize damage and loss of life, maintain contact with upper management,
declare if the emergency is “under control” and authorize the “all clear” signal. The
ERM is also tasked to develop emergency control tactics, authorize to facilitate proper
support of logistics and emergency supplies.
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The ERC shall be responsible in advising the SEIL to initiate personnel inventory as
per call-out list as may be necessary order to control the emergency situations. He
shall direct all emergency control and rescue operations during and or after the
emergency. He shall coordinate logistic support and other assistance necessary to
carry out the emergency response effectively. He shall coordinate proper support of
logistics and emergency supplies need to carry out this plan.
The Safety Manager or his authorized representative shall be designated as the ERC.
He shall be tasked to effectively coordinate the emergency scene and assist the ERM
to control the emergency. He will relay instructions coming from the ERM and provide
status information and assistance between operations and plant groups. He shall
coordinate the survey of damage to plant and operations equipment and initiates
plans for restoration in consultation the project’s executive management. He shall
maintain close interaction between the ERM and with the emergency response teams
throughout the entire emergency period.
The ERT shall be composed of operations personnel, duly trained and designated to
facilitate effective emergency response for different types of emergency. One of the
main components of emergency response is the ERT. The ERT unit should be well
trained, knowledgeable and well qualified to control the emergency incident. The ERT
may be divided into sub-group such as, but not limited to:
Medical ERT
Fire ERT
ERT groups have the responsibility of controlling further damages, extinguishing fire,
containing chemical spillage and gas leakage, etc. They shall be in close coordination
and conformance to any ERT group having jurisdiction over a specific site area.
Site Emergency Response Groups (ERG) shall also be established to act as first aid
to emergencies. Each site ERG shall be composed of the following:
Site Emergency Incident Leader (SEIL), who shall be the work site supervisor or
superintendent
Site Emergency Incident Coordinator (SEIC), who shall be the site safety officer
First Aider, who shall be any craftsman or skilled personnel who has undergone
qualified training to administer first aid.
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In the absence of a regular ERT member, the concerned unit shall ensure the
availability of suitable experienced personnel as a replacement. As soon as the
emergency is declared, ERC shall first inform the area foreman and then either
proceed directly to the scene of emergency. In the event of an emergency in the
jobsite, the respective general site ERT members shall facilitate immediate response.
Project Nurse
A central project nurse shall be designated to supervise and monitor all field or site
nurse, as well as provide logistics support to mobilize first aide stations. This project
nurse shall serve as the overall field first aid controller over and above his normal role
as nurse for the main project first aid room. Project field nurses shall be assigned if
work site personnel shall reach 50 or above, corresponding field first aid station shall
be established for these project field nurses.
First Aider
The first aider shall be designated either by full time designation or by activation from
a non-supervisory function, during emergency medical incidents with in his scope of
works area. In such case that a particular site requires a site nurse, the nurse shall
automatically function as a first aider, over and above his duties as site or field nurse.
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o Raise the alarm for emergency incident by informing the SEIL or the area
foreman/supervisor through telephone or verbally.
o The SEIL or foreman/Supervisor shall immediate assess the situation and raise
the emergency incident to the ERM/ERC.
o If the person who discovers the fire has been trained and know how to put-out
the fire, he may attempt to put it out by the use of available fire fighting
equipment, provided that his life will not be in danger by doing so.
o If the person who discovers the fire does not know how to put-out the fire, the
next arriving person who has been trained may do so under the same
precautions are the 1st person.
o All personnel should clear the area and proceed to the assembly point, making
way for the ERT to perform emergency response.
By person/persons next arriving at the scene of emergency incident necessitating
evacuation:
o All persons on hearing and local alarm shall immediately proceed to the
assembly area, unless he has active designation as member of the ERT.
o If the next person has been trained for the particular emergency response, he
may proceed to the incident scene provided his own life will not be in danger.
o In case of FIRE, the trained ERT member shall rush to the scene of fire and
attempt to put it out by the use of available fire fighting equipment, provided
likewise that his life will not be in danger by doing so.
o He shall assist the ERT to the location of incident and give any information he
may have on the incident.
o Render all possible assistance to the ERT without causing overcrowding and
confusion.
The persons reporting the emergency shall stay with the victim until emergency
medical help is available.
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The companion of the victim shall keep the victim at ease and shall try to facilitate
fresh air to the victim.
The companion shall remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
On arrival at the scene of emergency, ERT members shall apply first aid and
assess the condition if needed to be further treated at a hospital.
The ERT shall bring artificial respiration equipment for cases where the victim is
not or is having difficulty breathing.
The ERT members shall be made aware of the materials and chemicals involved
in the incident and take precautions to protect themselves.
Keep the ERM informed about the situation hand over the charge to ERC
Brief the ERC about the technical aspects and any risk or hazard about materials
involved
Ensure that the ERC members does not leave the affected area
All work is to be stopped immediately and all affected personnel to evacuate to the
designated or neutral area.
All equipment, hot works, and machine operations within the affected area shall be
stopped in a safe manner and shall not resume work until a safe order is given by
the emergency command center.
The ERT shall immediately mobilize to respond to the situation as per their
designated functions.
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The ERC shall immediately inform the facility owner in order to contain the release
incident.
If the locality has an establish evacuation procedure, i.e. upwind directional path,
this procedure shall be coordinated by the SEIL to be followed immediately.
The ERC shall supplement instruction for evacuation in case a local evacuation
path is uncertain.
Other personnel within the area shall be immediately informed of the emergency
situation and shall be given instruction if evacuation is likewise needed.
ERT members upon clearance with pipeline facility operators will proceed to the
scene for any applicable rescue or response.
After evacuation from the workplace to a safe area the employee will continue to
stay together until they are further instructed.
2.9.11 Explosion
Upon hearing an explosion, nearby personnel must immediately proceed to
evacuate to a neutral location where the effects of the explosion is minimal.
Immediately on receiving information about the explosion, the ERC shall inform
any facility owner and shall instruct the ERT to rush to the scene of explosion and
take appropriate action if practicable to do so.
The ERT shall ensure that the explosion does not escalate its condition.
The contractor ERT shall coordinate closely with the ERT of the Client to
effectively control the situation.
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4 The ERC shall coordinate with the Site Emergency Incident Leader (SEIL) if
the emergency is authentic and needs immediate emergency response.
5 If the emergency has been verified to be true, all personnel shall be
evacuated to the assembly area
6 If the emergency has been verified as false alarm, the SEIL shall inform the
ERC who shall refer the matter to the ERM. The ERM shall give instruction
for all clear-return work.
7 If the emergency response has been instructed by the ERM, the ERT shall
immediately form to respond and control the emergency situation.
In the event of an emergency on site, personnel shall notify the medical center via cell
phone, telephone, radio, verbally or any possible means.
Medical
When movement of personnel are joined with movement of equipment, over and
above the day to day operations activities, work-related injuries are most probable and
which make up highest recognized statistics of injury in the world, otherwise known as
industrial injuries. This is plainly because majority of the time of the working class are
spent are work. Bumps and falls are the most common accidents experienced by
industrial workers. When operations workers are required to do work on high level
areas by using scaffolding and other elevating means, the risk of falling is evidently
present.
Rescue
When operations personnel venture into a remote desert area, most often during the
first time, the likelihood of being lost is very high. Since trails left behind along the
sand can easily be erased by the wind, going back to where they came from may
present the danger of being stranded, specifically once any untoward incident
happens like encountering engine failure, vehicle accident or even disorientation.
In the event of an incident which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life
and or property and which tends to cause disruption, the ERT shall report directly to
the ERM to receive orders and instructions. The first job of the ERT is to suppress and
control the emergency in order not to create further danger and destruction.
For ICOM job sites, the worksite group will be utilized for specific and minor
emergency response, handling and controlling the emergency situation of the job site.
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All site employees shall be endeavoured to be utilized for handling different situations
based on the trainings given to them. All employees will be trained for fire extinguisher
operation and medical victim initial response.
The Incident site under controlled by the ICOM ERM shall be take action as follows:
The ERM shall instruct the ERT for “stand down” in order to neutralize the incident
and to monitor the immediate area, the fire watch is assigned as a fire reinforcement
as search for possible recurrence of ignition. Some personnel involved in the team
may be assigned to investigate incident to find causes. The personnel assigned to
investigate the incident shall be qualified for investigation.
Investigate and Report: All incidents shall have corresponding records kept at the
HSE department with follow through of final investigation reports.
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Nature of Incident
Identification of affected personnel and assets
Status of incident
Other minor damages
Corrective actions taken
Minor incidents shall be reported to the CLIENT Safety Adviser within 24 hours with
inclusive written report. A final investigation report shall be submitted within 3 days to
the CLIENT Safety Advisor.
Restoration of Operation
The ERM shall ensure that the following took place before he announces ‘All Clear’
signal.
The Area clean up shall be performed after the approval of the investigation team
All operations equipment’s and portable power tools used shall be re-started (if it
was shut down/switch off during the emergency).
All the communication equipment are tested and in operable condition.
The Emergency Response Manager shall ensure that the facility is safe to enter
before he announces the “All Clear Signal”.
All personnel shall proceed to their work locations as soon as the “All Clear Signal”
is announced by the Emergency Response Manager.
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shall involve the use of the Emergency Response Teams and the emergency officers
designated in the emergency organization chart. Emergency drill schedules shall be
well planned, coordinated and documented.
Established drill schedules shall also be aimed to train the Emergency Response
Team members in the proper response and procedures to be followed in an
emergency situation.
Drill Schedules and Scenarios shall be prepared by Emergency Response
Coordinator under advice of the Client’s Safety Advisor. (Refer to Appendix F
Emergency Drill Schedule)
Drill Evaluation
Appropriate reviews shall be made as post-drill evaluation and critic in order to
address effectivity for actual emergency incidents and all necessary provisions
additional to existing emergency response systems. The Post-Drill evaluation is aimed
to check the validity of the emergency response plan and procedures based on the
drills conducted.
The post-drill evaluation and critic meeting shall commence upon submission of the
post-drill report, which is to be submitted by the ERC. The ERC shall facilitate the
interdisciplinary team of evaluators, which shall minimum include the CLIENT Safety
advisor, the ERM, the ERC and ERT group leaders (Refer Appendix G Emergency
Event Drill Planning)
Drill Report
A Drill Evaluation Report shall be submitted to project management, which shall
include the following:
Evaluation and update of the objectives of the Emergency Plan (How effective was
the ERP in meeting its objective.)
Evaluation of the scope of the plan (Did the scope of the plan effectively include all
the necessary operations of the project.)
Evaluation of the staff emergency preparedness training (inventory of emergency
preparedness training conducted)
Evaluation of performance of the plan (How successful was the operations in
meeting the emergency preparedness related performance based on the base-line
set by the Client’s HSE SMS program.)
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the plan (How effective was the plan in preparing
the operations for internal and external disasters.)
Conclusions and Recommendations.
Changes and revisions if any will be incorporated in the ERP.
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ICOM Safety Supervisor will then contact the Client’s Safety Advisor to report the
incident and both will join together to organize a Rescue team, and proceed to
simulate and perform the rescue operation together with the Project Superintendent.
The ambulance arrives on the incident scene, a well capable rescue vehicle with
emergency first aid capabilities will be made to proceed to the Lost Area, which may
be followed by another group involved to observed and document the drill.
When the Rescues’ are located and found, a convoy shall be made going back to the
site office. Once they reach the site office, the site nurse shall perform a quick
assessment of the physical conditions of the Rescues’.
Finally, a technical briefing shall be conducted by the project engineer and the Client
Safety Specialist to recap the drill, stressing on the lessons learned for the drill.
2.10.1 General
A copy of the ‘DESIGNATED COMPETENT PERSON ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
FORM’ is given in the attachments section of this manual. This form is to be filled up
and signed by ICOM’s Project Manager for submission to the Client’s Safety
Department.
To ensure safety and prevent any cause of accident in job execution,
competent/skilled persons shall be designated for the following activities, as may be
applicable to ICOM’s contract scope of work:
Scaffolding and fall protection
Demolition
Cartridge Operated Tools
Electrical & Instrumentation (including temporary electrical installations)
Fire Protection Equipment
Gas Regulators
Fall Protection Equipment and systems
Radiography systems
Excavation/shoring
Lifting and Erection
Welding and Cutting
Abrasive Blasting and painting
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given to induction of competent persons with all HIPs applicable to their particular job
tasks.
A “Designated Competent Person Acknowledgement Form” shall be submitted as
discussed in the previous section of this manual, as required and to be filled-up and
signed by ICOM’s Project Manager for submission to the client.
A competency card will be issued to all designated Competent/Skilled Personnel for
easy identification in the field. A copy of the list of all ‘Competent Persons’ shall be
kept by the Project Manager and shall be made available upon request by CLIENT.
It shall be the duty of Competent Persons to conduct monthly safety inspection for the
area of his specialty to which he has been nominated as competent person, He shall
signify his inspection with color coding system.
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General Safety
1. Do not touch or operate any facilities without permission, especially valves, control
levers and switches.
2. Do not rest, or wander under pipe rack or near vessels, especially those that are
under operations, installation or repair.
3. Do not run in the worksite and never engage in horse-play in the work area.
4. Do not bring any lighter or match into the plant, strictly follow smoking regulations.
5. Do not eat any food at jobsite. Foods can be eaten / taken at the tables of (ICOM
site mess hall) temporary facilities.
6. Do not work on any electrical equipment or installation of the project without work
permit. Confirm first if electrical lockout, tagout and blockade have been done.
7. Do not enter existing manholes, pits, vessels and other confined spaces before
oxygen and gas detection has been done.
8. Listen carefully to instructions from your foreman or supervisor. If you do not
understand or if the instruction in not clear, clarify your task with your superior
before commencing work.
9. Adhere to all safety signs, posters or hazards information posted or issued on the
worksite.
10. Observe sanitary regulations & defecate/urinate only in designated toilet facilities.
11. Take note that deliberate unsafe acts will be grounds for immediate Client
withdrawal of your ID with possible disciplinary actions.
12. Do not use damaged or defective tools and equipment. Have it checked by your
supervisor for possible repair or replacement.
13. Do not touch any chemical which you are not authorized to handle. Report spilled
chemicals to your supervisor.
14. Do not go near excavations, pits and hazardous areas not within your task area.
15. Do not use cellular phones inside the plant.
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16. Maintain good housekeeping and clean your area after your work.
Security Regulations
1. Don’t enter into road marked “CLOSED” with your Vehicle without plant
permission.
2. Do not enter restricted areas and facilities without permission. Limit your
movement only to areas within your job task.
3. Abide by all traffic signs and instructions, speed limit is 25 Km/Hr in all areas or as
regulated by project authorities.
4. Always pass at the right side of the road, follow the right lane traffic flow.
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5. Do not use ladders which are made of metal or other electrically conductive
material near electrical equipment, substations and power lines.
All personnel shall signify their commitment and conformance via signature that they
have understood and hereby conform to the provisions stated in this checklist and
acknowledge it to be part of their Safety Induction Course.
2.11.2 Prescription
Before every crossroad, in each side, shall be present with road signs of Stop
Signs, Yield, Directional Indicators, and one-way, two-way traffic,
At each gate site shall be present the following road signs of Speed Limit, Office
direction Indicator, and Site direction Indicator.
Note: the road sign will be update as necessary with the supervision of the Client.
Example of signs:
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Document Title : OPERATIONS SAFETY MANUAL
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Planning
All traffic control must be carefully planned and approved by governing authorities
before work begins. The person responsible for this planning should drive through the
traffic pattern before any work starts to ensure that there will be no driver confusion.
Signage
Standard devices, Client and other kingdom traffic regulations should be followed for
proper signage and barricading. Place initial warning signs at appropriate advanced
distances to facilitate effective responses and precautions. All signs and related
equipment should be in good condition and highly visible. In special cases, designated
traffic safety officers may be assigned to aid signage and directional instructions.
Barricades
Devices that guide traffic, such as cones, barrels, etc., should be highly visible and
spaced relatively close together so that drivers will not deviate from an assigned traffic
flow. All such barriers should be made of material that will cause little or no damage if
a vehicle strikes it.
Safety Gear
All employees should wear high-visibility orange, green or day glow vests. For night
work, the vest should have light-reflective strips.
Flaggers
Roadside operations sites must have at least one individual assigned to traffic control.
A highly visible sign paddle should be used during daylight hours. It should be
octagonal in shape, at least 18 inches across, and have letters at least six inches high
that say STOP on one side and SLOW on the present, a sign alerting drivers must be
placed a minimum of 500 feet from the beginning of the detour.
All operations vehicles should be equipped with backing alarms, two-way radios and
SLOW-MOVING VEHICLE signs when appropriate. Ideally, they should be painted a
highly visible color, and many jurisdictions also require flashing yellow beacons. All
operators must be qualified and trained to operate the equipment they are using. If a
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vehicle will be parked alongside the road, orange safety cones should be placed
around it.
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2.12.4 Training
All company employees and subcontractors involved in the project must receive an
initial safety orientation to the potential hazards of the project, including traffic safety.
Changes or unusual conditions should be communicated to workers immediately.
Above all, everyone should be reminded to keep their brain turned on and stay alert
and not to get hurt.
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All ICOM employees and subcontractors involved in the project must receive an initial
safety orientation to the potential hazards of the project, including traffic safety.
Changes or unusual conditions should be communicated to workers immediately.
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6
Misuse of company vehicles (including violations of GI 710.010)
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Non-compliance with the hand signals of a traffic policeman when organizing the
traffic, and not giving his signals the priority over the traffic lights.
Not giving the priority to vehicles inside the roundabout in the absence of traffic
lights or a traffic policeman to direct the traffic flow.
Driving a vehicle without the necessary equipment such as brakes, lights, or their
equivalent, putting public safety at risk (with impoundment of the vehicle until the
removal of the violation).
Not using lights needed when driving or in bad weather conditions where visibility
is not clear.
Driving the vehicle inside a tunnel without lighting its lights.
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Pedestrians crossing the road from places other than places designated for their
passage.
Pedestrians’ non-compliance with their directive sings.
To drive slowly which impede the traffic flow.
Parking in places not intended for parking.
To park in people of special needs parking spaces if not allowed to do so.
Not paying attention to the road while driving the vehicle.
The lack of an insurance policy.
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Case to be investigated
All accidents/incidents are to be investigated. A near-miss or a minor injury, which
may or may not have a few minutes lost time and if safety violation is a possible
cause, demands study. Incident/accident investigation shall comply with Client
standards on incident investigation.
Each investigation shall be started as soon as possible. The chief value of such an
investigation lies in uncovering contributing causes.
The Process
For good results, ICOM management has to;
Formulate detailed steps for investigation of accidents.
The procedure should immediately start the investigation, once the accident is
reported.
Make sure that the steps and procedures are made known to all concerned.
Coverage of Investigation
An investigation of accident shall cover the following information:
The injury
o its nature, part of body, permanent or temporary disablement etc. This
information can be obtained from first aider or the attending Doctor.
How the accident took place
o Details of the sequence of events that led to accidents, machinery,
equipment involved, what exactly the man was doing at that time, the
source of accident, etc.
The unsafe conditions or unsafe acts: that contributed to the accident
directly or indirectly. These may include actions (or failure to take actions) by
other workers and the supervisor.
Communications: relevant to the accident like instructions, messages and
standing orders and their understanding by the employees involved, violation of
company norms or standing order etc.
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The best plan to prevent accident is to tackle the first two links of chain. Unsafe
acts and conditions happen out of neglect.
Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are caused, hence they are faults of people.
Not all unsafe acts and conditions cause accidents neither does every incident
result in an injury.
Whether anyone is injured or not, these are dangerous occurrences and
causes must be removed to prevent any chances of accident/injury.
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a) Failure of components
b) Faulty tools
c) Poor maintenance
d) Incorrect work method
e) Inadequate work methods
f) Errors on the part of supervisor
g) Poor housekeeping and disorderly arrangement in work place
h) Specific training need; Ignored
i) Non observance of rules / operating instructions or lack of instructions
j) Non-use or improper use of safety equipment and reasons for it
k) Psychological factors
l) Responsible, organization factor
7. It never pays to overlook any suggestion / ideas put forth.
8. Recommendation to prevent recurrence of the accident must be specified and
cleared. A time bound action plan shall be prepared at the end.
9. The recommendations shall be brought to the notice of all concerned in writing.
10. The findings and recommendations will be discussed in meetings.
The records of all accidents and investigation shall be recorded and copy of which
shall be submitted to Client Safety Advisor.
2.13.4 Reporting
All injuries, including damage to equipment and near miss incidents, must be reported.
A ‘First Information Accident Report’ shall be done to initiate immediate corrective
action.
In the event of minor injuries, report to your Supervisor. Do not leave your work
area without advising your immediate supervisor.
Once the supervisor is informed, report to the medical first aid room for treatment.
The people involved in a serious accident or witness to a fellow employee getting
hurt should not attempt to move the injured person, unless further injury can occur
due to the situation at hand.
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If any witness or any involved person is certified and knows how to administer first
aid, he should assist the injured as much as necessary until a medical response
team arrives
Note: After the injured is removed by the medical team, secure the area and do not
move or remove anything. If necessary, barricade or rope off the area. Keep out of the
accident location until notice is given that it is safe to return.
2.13.5 Plan
ICOM shall be responsible for reporting accidents of its employees and its lower tier
employees to Client and in some cases to the Saudi Arab Government as required.
ICOM site management shall ensure that an immediate report is made to the
company representative in the case of all:
Fatal Injuries
Injuries requiring medical attention which result in lost time
Damage over SR. 10,000 to contractor’s plant or equipment
Damage, in any amount, to the Client’s equipment or property
Fires
Damage & near misses to cranes and heavy equipment
For accident involving contractor employees, fatalities, serious injury to two or more
contractor employees, or damage to the Client equipment or property, a preliminary
written report will be submitted within 24 Hours followed by a detailed written report
submitted within 3 days to the company Representative. In addition, the Client may
convene an Engineering review or investigation committee.
ICOM will maintain, in a format approved by the company Representative, a current
record showing all:
Work Injuries
Fires
Incidents of property damage over SR 10,000/- Motor vehicle Accidents
Incident involving damage to Client equipment and property
Damage, near misses and other statistics so required by the Client.
The record shall be available for inspection at all times and shall be submitted to the
Client on request. A final written report shall be prepared and submitted to the
company.
In addition to the report required above, a record of all injuries and damages in a form
approved by the Company shall be maintained at the site safety office.
A copy of this record shall be sent to the proponent department and to the
Contractor’s project management. Monthly summary shall be submitted separately as
required in addition to the individual report.
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The Site Safety Committee is organized at the project site and composed of the
project key personnel who will act as members of the Committee for this ad-hoc safety
functions aside from their specific assigned job duties and responsibilities.
The main objective of this Site Safety Committee is to ensure full implementation of
the Safety Manual in order to attain a safe and healthful work environment throughout
the duration of the contract job execution. Its functions mainly includes but not limited
to following:
Detects and correct unsafe practices
Administers all the Safety Procedures, Programs and Training as set forth in this
Safety Manual.
Conducts regular safety inspections
Conducts Monthly Committee Safety Meeting for review of safety performances
and relevant matters on safety.
2.14.2 Responsibility
The success of this SAFETY MANUAL depends largely on the cooperation of
everyone on the project site. In order to achieve the safety goals, a site safety
committee shall be designated. Responsibilities of the members on the Safety
Committee are as follows:
The Project Manager is responsible for implementing and enforcing this SAFETY
MANUAL. He shall attend the Safety Operation Committee (SOC) meeting which
is to be held monthly.
The HSE Officer is responsible for administering and monitoring this procedure
and actively takes part in direct compliance of the same. For the purpose of
complying with this responsibility, and pending consultation and joint agreement
with the Client, the following may be noted:
o It may be ideal to follow a ratio of 1 Safety Officer for every 50 personnel.
However, for relatively small work areas were personnel are concentrated by
numbers, the number of personnel per Safety Officer may be increased.
o In the same manner where critical areas with small number personnel may
need constant safety monitoring, a Safety Officer maybe assigned.
Front line supervisors are responsible for the execution of their assigned task
within the Safety, Health and Environmental requirements.
All Employees are responsible for complying with the directives and programs
developed through the activities outlined in this procedure.
Conducts appropriate Safety, Health and Environmental related meetings and
programs on a regular and frequent basis.
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alleged violations. Each violation shall be charged to the responsible supervisor who
will be held accountable for appropriate corrective action.
Imminent danger situations shall be corrected immediately and the committee shall
attempt to have other violations corrected without causing excessive delay in the
inspection itinerary.
Areas of outstanding safety compliance shall be noted and recommend three Front
Line Supervisors to the HSE Department for commendation on agreed periodical
basis. Out of these three ‘Front Line Supervisors’, the HSE Department will select one
supervisor as recipient of a certificate of safety appreciation and on his
recommendation to two task performers who will also receive safety certificates. All
the findings shall be summarized into a report and shall be included in the regular
Safety Committee Minutes for distribution.
The agenda shall include but not limited to the following topics:
Project Safety Goals and Objectives
Current and anticipated safety requirements.
Prevailing safety deficiencies and appropriate corrective measures.
Applicable Safety Training based on the need and stage of the project.
Safety incentives and recognition.
This meeting shall be chaired by the Contractor Project Manager or his representative,
and shall include the advice and guidance of the Client’s Safety Advisor. The date and
time of the regular meeting shall be determined by the Project Manager.
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o Comments/description of conditions
o Action taken by HSE Officer
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Participant Eligibility
Participants, whether direct ICOM or its subcontractor personnel shall only become
eligible for the incentive awards if during the work period covered by an incentive
scheme does not involve any Lost Time Incident (LTI) for their particular group which
is predetermined by the Award Selection Committee.
The safety performance Award will be divided equally into two portions, the Safe Work
Realization portion and the Safe Behavior Promotion portion. Each portion has its own
set of criteria for receiving the award. The ward will be measured at least on a three-
monthly basis.
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The Safe Work Realization portion is based upon the number of LTI or Recordable
injury incidents or other statistical parameters that a group of personnel has had
during the measurement period.
Behavior Measurement
The 3-men Safety Promotion Team that is assigned to that area of work, craft
subcontractor, etc. will measure the Safe Behavior Performance Award in the
following manner:
The points will be awarded at least every three month to each SUBCONTRACTOR /
group and then total for the three-month measurement period. At least each three
month there will be a total of 100 points period.
a. Award eligibility amount is based upon the achievement of a Score of at least 80%
of the total available points for the recording period.
b. The Safe Behavior performance award Points Categories are for 75 points as per
the site visit check list reported in Attachment 1, and for the other 25 points are
reported here be below:
1. No crew has violated any established HIP or JHA, Safe Work Permit, Work
Methodology Statement or other Applicable permits. (8pts).
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a. 1,000,000 hrs w/o LTI or w/o Recordable. Gift or Award. For every one (1) million
safe-manhours officially achieved by the project, an incentive award scheme shall
be agreed by ICOM and the Client.
b. This incentive scheme shall include and benefit, by minimum, all ICOM project
personnel, hence for every succeeding 1,000,000 hrs w/o LTI or w/o Recordable,
a gift or award is due
c. Six Months w/o Recordable cases, gift or award
d. One-year w/o LTI or Recordable cases, gift or award
2.15.6 Awards
The awards that can be distributed can take the form of:
a. Dinners
b. Gifts
c. Vouchers
These awards can also be mix of any of the above. The important point to maintain is
that the award is an recognition of the awardees outstanding contribution, adherence
or implementation of HSE and does not become an entitlement in order to
continuously maintain the prestige of the award.
Incentive Plan Budget
The available amount to be assigned will be established as affix contractual parameter
to the total budgeted hours estimated. ICOM will manage the incentive plan back-
charging the costs as per contractual agreement and quotation.
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In order to promote Safety Awareness, Posters, Safety Bulletins, Slogans, Signs etc.
shall be posted at jobsite and offices. Site Safety Committee will recommend on
agreed periodical basis, three front line Supervisors names to the Safety Department.
1. The Site Safety Officer will select one Supervisor amongst the three, on his
discretion.
2. The selected front line Supervisor and on his recommendation, two task
performers will be given a certificate of safety appreciation.
3. As proposed above, ICOM shall form a safety committee from management staff,
front line Supervisor or Foreman, and the task performer.
4. The purpose of the safety committee is to uplift safety awareness and set the
attitude of employees towards utmost safety.
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Plant roads that are contaminated by sand or soil spilled from Dump Truck shall be
cleared by the use of suitable sweeping tools, hand shovels and disposed to
appropriate dumping locations.
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means of getting to and from a working place shall be provided with adequate lighting
which shall be properly maintained.
Should the provision of these safeguards be impracticable, other means of preventing
falls, such as safety harness, nets, and other available and accepted means shall be
used. Personal Protective Equipment to restrain or arrest personnel falling from
scaffolds shall be as prescribed this SAFETY MANUAL from Section 2.2 - PPE.
ICOM and the Client shall jointly be responsible in ensuring that each work place is
safe and that it remains safe so long as men work there. Similarly, each supervisor is
responsible for ensuring that every man working under his direction or control has a
safe working place and a safe means of getting to and from every working place.
Where work cannot safely be done on the ground or from part of a building or
permanent structure, scaffolds, ladders or other means of support shall be provided
and properly maintained.
All scaffold works and erection shall be supervised by a Client approved Scaffold
Supervisor and/or Inspector.
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Permanent decking, parts of a structure, walkways, footbridges, etc., which men use
in the course of their work or for a permanent or temporary access, shall be provided
with a guardrail system and toe boards (permanent or temporary) at all edges from
which men, tools, or materials could fall 1.8 meters (6 feet) or more.
Elevated work platforms with holes and gaps shall be guarded or securely covered.
Stairs (permanent or temporary) shall have all treads properly secured and shall be
fitted with handrails throughout their length and conform to the applicable building
code.
Where there is danger of men being struck by falling material, protective coverings
shall be erected or No. 18 gauge wire, 1/2 inch mesh or equivalent, shall be securely
fixed between the toe board and mid rail to prevent falling objects.
Where the slope of a ramp exceeds 1 vertical to 4 horizontal, the ramp shall be fitted
with stepping cleats at 0.3 meter (1 foot) intervals. When a ramp is to be used by the
general public, its slope shall not exceed 1 vertical to 4 horizontal. Handrails shall be
provided.
All scaffold structures shall be erected with metal components approved per ANSI
requirements or equivalent. Scaffolds shall be stored to prevent damage and to
permit easy access for use. Scaffold erection plans (drawings) shall be submitted to
Client’s Loss Prevention Department for review prior to men being allowed to work on
the scaffold. The work site shall utilize current scaffold assembly systems but shall
conform to minimum standards set by Client.
Foundations
A sound base is an essential requirement for safe scaffolding, therefore the ground or
floor on which a scaffold is going to stand must be carefully examined. Sand or made-
up ground may need compacting to ensure there are no cavities. Such bases as
floors, roofs, etc. may need shoring from underneath.
Timber sills at least 23 centimeters (9 inches) wide by 3.8 centimeters (1-1/2
inches) thick (not scaffold planks) will be required to spread the load on sand,
made up ground, asphalt pavement, wooden floors, and slippery surfaces. A sill
shall extend under at least two posts.
Where scaffolding is erected on a solid bearing such as rock or concrete, small
timber pads may be used in place of sills and nailed to prevent the base plates
sliding off.
Concrete blocks, barrels, and other loose or unsuitable material shall not be used
for the operations or support of scaffolding.
If used to compensate for variations in ground level, the screw-jack shall not be
adjusted to more than two-thirds of the total length of the thread.
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The base plate shall be of a type approved for supporting scaffolding posts. For
this item, the manufacturer specifications shall be referred to.
The ground or floor on which a scaffold is going to stand must be carefully
examined. Sand or made up ground may need consolidating to ensure there are
no cavities. Such bases as floors roof etc. may need shoring from underneath.
Posts
Posts shall be pitched on 15 centimeters (6 inches) by 15 centimeters (6 inch)
steel base plates and at least 0.64 centimeters (1/4 inch) thick. Joints in posts
should be staggered, i.e., joints in adjacent posts should not occur in the same lift.
All posts shall be vertical.
The inner row of posts shall be placed as close as possible to the face of the
building or structure.
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To avoid projections, the posts may be up to 41 centimeters (16 inches) away from
the wall or structure as necessary, provided that, where there is room to do so, the
gap between the wall or the structure and the inner posts shall be closed with
planks on extended board bearers.
The outer row of posts shall be positioned from the inner row of posts depending
on the load requirements of the scaffold, and the working platform shall be fully
decked out.
Runners
Runners shall be securely fixed to posts with standard couplers and shall be
horizontal.
Joints in runners should be staggered, i.e., joints in adjacent runners should not
occur in the same bay.
Runners should be secured end-to-end by sleeve couplers, not by joint pins.
Runners shall be vertically spaced no more than 2.0 meters (6 feet, 6 inches) to
give adequate headroom along the platforms.
Bearers
Bearers should be installed between posts and securely fixed to the posts bearing on
the runner coupler and secured with standard couplers. When coupled directly to the
runners, the coupler must be kept as close to the posts as possible. These bearers
must remain in position as they are a structural part of the scaffold.
Board Bearers
Board bearers shall be installed between bearers to accommodate differences in
plank lengths. Board bearers shall be secured to the runners between bearers where
necessary to support platform units (planks). These may be removed when no longer
required to support platform units.
Bracing
Cross bracing shall be installed across the width of the scaffold at least every third set
of posts horizontally and every fourth runner vertically. Such bracing shall extend
diagonally from the inner and outer runners upward to the next outer and inner
runners. These braces should be fixed to the runners with standard couplers as close
to the posts as possible. Where such a fixing is impracticable, adjustable couplers
may be used to fix the braces to the posts.
Longitudinal diagonal bracing shall be installed at approximately 45-degree angle
from near the base of the first outer post upward to the extreme top of the scaffold.
Where possible, such bracing shall be duplicated at every fifth post.
On short but high runs, diagonal bracing shall be installed at an angle of 45
degrees from the base of the first outer post to the last outer post and shall
alternate directions to the top of the scaffold.
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When bracing cannot be attached to the posts, this bracing may be attached to the
runners, as close as possible to the posts.
Only standard couplers or adjustable couplers may be used. Joints in braces shall
be made with end-to-end or parallel couplers.
Temporary rakers (inclined load-bearing tube supports) brace the scaffold against
the ground when setting out. These rakers are replaced by permanent braces
when the scaffold has been plumbed, levelled and tied. Rakers must be secured
with proper couplers at the scaffold and coupled to a ground stake.
Ties
It is essential that all scaffolds, with the exception of certain tower and mobile
scaffolds be securely tied to the building or structure throughout their length and
height to prevent movement of the scaffold either towards or away from the building or
structure. This should be done by connecting a tie tube to both runners or posts and
coupling this to a two-way tie or column box tie assembly.
Where the foregoing is impracticable, tubes may be securely wedged between
opposing surfaces on the building or structure by the use of reveal pins and
coupled to the tie tubes.
Where reveal ties are used, they shall not exceed 50% of the total number of ties.
Two-way ties or column box ties shall be evenly distributed over the scaffold area.
To ensure the security of reveal ties, it is necessary to check frequently for
tightness.
Ties shall occur at the top of the scaffold and at least every 7.9 meters (26 feet)
vertically and 9.1 meters (30 feet) horizontally and at each end of the scaffold. All
tie assembly connections shall be made with standard couplers.
Platform Units
All platform units (i.e., planks, fabricated decks, etc.) shall be closed planked with,
whenever practicable, each plank resting on at least three supports.
Planks shall be secured in position to prevent displacement by high winds. Planks
shall extend over their end supports by not less than 15 centimeters (6 inches) and
not more than 30.5 centimeters (12 inches).
Supports for scaffold planks shall be spaced with due regard to the nature of the
platform and the load it will bear.
Except on platform units adjacent to the surface of a cylindrical or spherical
structure, planks shall be laid flush.
Adequate space for men to pass in safety shall be provided and maintained
wherever materials are placed on platform units or if any higher platform is erected
thereon.
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Landings
Safe landings shall be provided at the top of all ladders.
Rings shall be eliminated above the landing level, and side rails shall extend 36 to
42 inches above the landing for mounting and dismounting.
Where multiple ladders are required, solidly decked platforms shall be provided.
Guardrails, intermediate rails and toe boards shall be erected on the outside edges
and exposed sides of the platform.
Access
Access to a working platform is best achieved by providing a separate ladder tower or
a cantilevered access platform so as not to obstruct the working platform and to
minimize the risk of persons falling through gaps in the guardrail system or platform
units. Access must be provided to working platforms.
Scaffold Ladders
Scaffold ladders provide the means of access and egress for scaffolds. Access
ladders may be optioned and generally be classified as follows:
Portable Straight and Extension Ladders
A straight ladder is a portable ladder that only consists of one section which
determines its overall length. It cannot support itself or be adjusted in length.
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An extension ladder is a portable ladder that cannot support itself but can be
adjusted in length. It consists of two or more sections which are arranged to
permit length adjustment. Its overall length is the sum of the length of all its
sections measured along the side rails.
Portable straight and extension ladders shall have a firm base and be positioned
with a slope of 1:4.
A Vertical Ladder IS a type of fixed ladder which is permanently attached to the
horizontal or vertical components of scaffolding. The main factor to consider in
the use of a vertical ladder is clearance.
The following clearance guidelines shall be used.
Safe clearances shall be maintained to prevent workers from bumping into, or
snagging onto, projecting objects while ascending or descending the ladder.
Climbing Side - Ladders shall have a minimum clear perpendicular distance of
30 inches from the rungs to the nearest projecting object on the climbing side.
When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum clearance
distance may be reduced to 24 inches if deflector plates are provided.
Back Side of Ladder - The perpendicular distance from the face of the rung on
the climbing side to the nearest fixed object on the back side of the ladder shall
not be less than 10 inches. When unavoidable, horizontal obstructions (e.g.
beams, pipes, etc.) are encountered, the vertical toe clearances specified in the
following sections, shall apply.
Side Clearance - The minimum clear distance to the nearest fixed object shall
be 15 inches on each side of the centerline of single rung ladders.
Vertical Clearance - The minimum vertical toe clearance from horizontal
obstructions shall be 1 1/2 inches below and 4 1/2 inches above the top edge of
the rung.
Multiple Ladders - When two or more separate ladders are used with a landing
platform, the side-step distance shall be a minimum of 15 inches from the
centerline of the upper ladder to the near side of the lower ladder.
Workmanship
Scaffolding shall be erected, altered, and dismantled by experienced men working
under the direction of a competent supervisor. Posts shall be set accurately in place
and checked vertically by using a spirit level or by using vertical lines on the
building or structure. Scaffolding couplers should be tightened with proper
scaffolding spanners. The use of an ordinary spanner or tool giving greater
leverage could damage the screw threads and render the coupler unserviceable.
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Inspections
All scaffolds shall be inspected regularly by a competent Supervisor and after
adjustments, modifications, adverse weather conditions, etc. Erected scaffolds and
platforms should also be inspected continuously, by those using the scaffold, to
insure that the scaffold has not been altered and is in a safe working condition.
Access
Access to a working platform is best achieved by providing a separate ladder tower
or cantilevered access platform so as not to obstruct the working platform and to
minimize the risk of persons through the gap in the guard rails or decking.
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Board Bearers
Board bearers shall be secured to the ledgers between transoms where necessary
to support decking. These may be removed when no longer required to support
decking.
Bracing
Ledger bracing at right to the building or structure at alternate pairs of standard
is necessary for the full height of the scaffold. These braces should be fixed to
the ledgers with 90 degree load bearing couplers as close to the standards as
possible. Where such a fixing is impracticable, swivel coupler may be use to fix
the braces to the standards.
Longitudinal bracing to the full height of the scaffold is necessary. This should
be fixed diagonally across the face of a scaffold at an angle as close to 45
degree as possible or it may be the dog type at each end of the scaffold.
Temporary rakers will normally be required to brace the scaffold against the
ground when setting out. These rakers are replaced by permanent braces when
the scaffold has been plumbed, levelled and tied.
Ties
It is essential that all scaffold with the exception of certain tower and mobile
scaffold be securely tied to the building or structure throughout their length and
height to prevent movement of the scaffold either towards or away from the
building or structure. This should be done by connecting a tie tube to both
ledgers or standard and coupling this to a through tie of column box tie
assembly.
Where the foregoing is impractical, tubes may be securely wedged between
opposing surfaces on the building or structure by the use of reveal pins, and
coupled to the tie tubes.
To ensure the security of reveal ties, it is necessary to check frequently for
tightness.
Ties shall occur at least every 10 ft. vertically and 20 ft. horizontally. All ties
assembly connection shall be made with 90 degree load bearing couplers.
All free standing tower scaffolding must be guyed, or tied every 30 ft.
Decking
All decking shall be closed planked with, wherever practicable, each plank
resting on at least three supports. Planks shall extend over their end support by
min 6” and max 12”.
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Timber sole plates at least 200 mm wide by 35 mm thick (not scaffold planks)
shall be required to spread the load on sand, made up ground, asphalt
pavement wooden floors and slippery surfaces.
Where scaffolding is erected on solid bearing such as rock or concrete, small
timber pads may be used in place of sole plates.
Concrete blocks, barrels, and other loose or unstable materials shall not be
used for the operations or support of scaffolding.
Standards
Standards shall be pitched on base plates and sole plates or timber pads. Joints in
standard should be staggered (i.e.) joints in adjacent standards should not occur in
the same lift. All standards shall be vertical.
The inner row of the standard shall be place as close as possible to the face of the
building or structure. To avoid projection, the standard may be up to 15inch away
from the wall or structure as necessary, provided that there is room to do so, the
gap between the wall or structure and the inner standard shall be closed with a
single plank on extended broad bearers.
The outer row of the standard shall be approximately 3’4” from the inner row to
allow for four 9” planks between them.
Ledgers
Ledgers shall be securely fixed to standards with 90 degrees load bearing
couplers and shall be horizontal.
Joints in ledgers should be staged (i.e.) joints in adjacent ledgers should not
occur in the same bay.
Ledgers shall be vertically spaced at 6ft. to 7 ft. to give adequate head room
along the platforms.
Transoms
Transoms shall be place on the ledgers within 12 inches of each standard and
secured with 90 degree load bearing couplers. These transoms must remain in
position as they are a structural part of the scaffold.
Some common type of tubular scaffold are Independent tied scaffold, Put log
scaffold, Bird cage scaffold, Truss out scaffold, Cantilever scaffold, Slung scaffold,
Suspended access scaffold, Tower scaffolds, Steeple jacks scaffold.
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Scaffold Fittings
Base Plate: A steel plate providing a flat bearing surface for load distribution form
standards. It has an integral spigot and fixing holes for use with sole plates.
Adjustable Base Plate: Base plate used for compensating variation in ground levels.
Also used for strutting and shoring.
Fixed Coupler: A load bearing coupler for connecting two tubes together at fixed
right angles.
Universal Coupler: A load bearing coupler used for connecting two tubes together
at right angles or in parallel.
Swivel Coupler: Coupler used for connecting two tubes together at any angle
through 360 degrees. Not designed for load bearing purposes.
Joint Pin (Also known as spigot) a pin used for connecting two tubes end to end.
Fitted internally it expands to apply grip against the wall of the tube.
Put Log Coupler: A non load bearing coupler used for fixing two tubes at right
angles e.g. intermediate putlogs or board bearers to ledgers.
Reveal Pin: Instead into the end of a tube and adjusted to form a rigid horizontal or
vertical member between two opposing surfaces. It forms a solid anchorage to
which a scaffold can be tied.
General Terms
Sole Plate (Also Known As Spreader) = A timber or other member of adequate size
and suitable quality used to distribution the load from the base plate over an area of
ground, floor joist etc.
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Longitudinal Bracing = Tubes secures diagonally across the face of the scaffold to
ensure stability.
Lift = the height from the ground or floor to the lowest ledger, or the vertical distance
between two adjacent ledgers.
Ledgers Bracing = Tubes secured diagonally between lifts from ledger to ledger or
standards to standards to ensure stability.
3.1.5 Ladder
Ladders can be one of the most hazardous pieces of equipment if used improperly.
Ladder accidents are caused by carelessness, by misuse, or by defects in the ladder
structure. The following rules will ensure your safety.
Using Ladders:
Carry a ladder with the front end high enough to clear anyone ahead of you.
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Before you use a ladder, inspect all rungs, fittings, braces, cleats and rails for
possible defects. Place a “DANGER” tag on all defective ladders and report them
to your supervisor.
Select the correct ladder for the job. Never use a ladder too short or too narrow for
the job. Correct pitch of the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of
the ladder is ¼ the length of the ladder.
Always face the ladder, using both hands when climbing or descending. Use a
hand line or material hoist to raise and lower tools and materials.
Do not use the ladder as a walkway. This can be dangerous and will weaken the
ladder structurally.
Never work higher than the third rung from the top of a straight ladder.
Do not use metal ladders near electrical equipment or lines.
Job-built ladders must meet all applicable standards. The side rail of the ladder
must extend 1 meter above any platform, etc., that is being accessed by the
ladder.
Ladders shall not be used as a scaffold member, or for any purpose for which they
are not intended.
All permanent ladders shall be securely fastened at both top and bottom. Long
ladders should also be secured at midpoint.
When portable straight and extension ladders are used on hard surfaces, they
shall be equipped with non-skid footing or securely fastened to prevent slipping.
The base of the ladder shall be placed away from the wall by a distance of one-
fourth of the working length of the ladder. The working length is the length of the
ladder from the bottom to the point where it contacts the wall.
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Rope or other similar means shall secure the top of the ladder, or another person
should hold the ladder.
Unsecured portable ladders should not be left standing unattended.
Ladders shall not be extended beyond the manufacturer’s recommendation.
Wooden and fibre glass ladders shall not be painted. Ladders shall not be placed
in front of doors which open toward the ladder, unless the door is locked or
guarded.
When ascending or descending on a ladder, climbers should face the ladder and
maintain a firm grip.
Do not carry tools or other materials in your hands when ascending or descending
on a ladder.
Use a hand line to raise or lower heavy or bulky objects.
When a climbing device is required, the climber shall use it.
Do not work higher than the third rung from the top of straight ladders.
Be sure that your shoes are not greasy, muddy, or slippery before you climb.
When working from a ladder, never extend further than an arm’s length to reach
work.
When using a stepladder, climbers shall not stand on the top two steps (or as
recommended by the manufacturer), stand on the spreader of a stepladder, or use
a stepladder as a straight ladder.
When raising or lowering a ladder, make sure it does not come in contact with an
energized electrical source.
When performing electrical work that requires the use of a ladder, use a wooden or
approved fibre glass ladder.
Metal ladders shall not be used for electrical work.
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Each year hand tools are the source of considerable amount of all compensable
disabling injuries. Disabilities resulting from misuse of tools or using damaged tools
include loss of eyes and vision, puncture wounds from flying chips, severed finger,
tendons, and arteries, broken bones, contusions from puncture wounds, and injuries
too numerous to mention.
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They should be suspended over aisles or work areas, or if laid across the floor,
protected by wooden strips or special race ways.
Do not lay cords or hoses over nails, bolts or sharp edges. They should also be
kept away from oil, hot surfaces, and chemicals.
Power driven should be stored in secured places and not left in areas where they
may be struck by passers-by or otherwise activated.
All electrical power tools must be inspected and color coded on a monthly basis.
Power portable tools shall bear underwriter label "UL" label.
Power portable hand tools such as grinders must have "Dead Man switch".
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Required eye protection must be worn while using any pneumatic tools to prevent
hazards from flying chips. Where possible, screen should be set up to shield
person working nearby.
Workers should wear hearing protection.
Two jack hammers should be operated away from each other that are back to back
to prevent face cut from flying chips.
The operators should wear safety shoes.
The operator should maintain a firm grip with both hands and should stand in a
balance position.
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Cords should be protected from sharp objects, heat and oil or solvents that might
damage or soften the insulation.
Use only three wire extension cords that have three prong grounding-type plugs
and three pole receptacles that accept the pools plug.
Damage or worn cords must be replaced immediately.
Grinders
All grinders shall be equipped with a protective guard which allows only the working
part of the wheel to be exposed. For portable grinding machines, the maximum
angular exposure of the periphery and sides of wheel should not be exceed 180
degrees and the top portion of the wheel should always be enclosed. Guards should
be adjustable so that operators will be inclined to make the correct adjustment rather
than remove the guard. However, the guard should be easily removable to facilitate
replacement of the wheel.
In addition to this mechanical guarding, the operator must wear safety goggles at all
time to prevent eye injuries from broken wheel and spokes.
The wheel should be kept away from water and oil, which might affect its balance, the
wheel should be protected against blows from other tools, and care should be
exercised not to strike the sides of a wheel against object or to drop the wheel.
Soldering Irons
Soldering irons are the source of burns and of illness resulting form inhalation of
fumes. Insulated, non combustible holders should be used to eliminate the fire hazard
and the danger of burns from accidental contact. Holders should be designated so
that employee cannot accidentally touch the hot icons if they should reach for them
without looking.
Exhaust facilities must be provided where lead soldering is done. Even if lead fumes
are not present in harmful quantities, it is desirable to exhaust the nuisance fumes and
smoke. Lead solder particles should not be allowed to accumulate on the floor and on
work tables.
Drills
Injuries commonly result from contact with the spindle or drill, breaking a drill, being
struck by insecurely clamped work, failure to replace pulley or gear guards etc. The
following guidelines are given:
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When drills are used, the pieces of work should be clamped on or anchored to a
sturdy base to prevent whipping.
Care should be taken not to drill too large a hole at one time. If this is not done, the
drill may bind on break through and the torque set up could twist the tools against
the user’s wrist.
When the operator must guide the drill with a hand, the drill should be equipped
with a sleeve that fits over the drill bit.
The drill should be held securely and at the proper angle, starting slowly and
increasing speed as needed after the start.
When deep drills are being drilled, the drill should be frequently removed and the
chips cleaned out. If chips are allowed to pile up, the tool may jam.
Sleeves should be in place to protect the operator’s hand and also serve as a limit
stop, if the drill should suddenly plunge through the material.
Oversized bit should not be ground down to fit small electric drills, instead an
adopter should be used that will fit the large bit and provide extra power through a
speed reduction gear, however this again is an indication of improper drill size.
Electric drills should be of the proper size for the job. If the drill has a side handle,
it should be used, a punch mark should be used to facilitate starting the drill and
bit.
Open-End Wrenches
Open-end wrenches have strong jaws are satisfactory for medium-duty turning. They
are susceptible to slipping if they do not fit properly or used incorrectly.
Combination Wrenches
Combination wrenches have a box end and an open end. They are very handy for
speeding the turning with the open end and using the box for initial loosening or final
tightening.
Pliers
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Pliers are often considered a general-purpose tool and are often misused for purposes
for which they are not designated. Pliers are meant for gripping and cutting
operations. Pliers should not be used as wrench because their jaws are flexible and
frequently slip when used for this work. Pliers also tend to round the corners of bolts
heads and parts of the lathe, the operator should always cross file. Use a vise,
whenever possible, to hold the object being filed.
Shovel
Shovel edges should be kept trimmed and handles should be checked for splinters.
Workers should wear safety shoes. Workers should have their feet well separated to
get good balance and spring in the knees. The leg muscle should take much of the
load.
To reduce the chance of injury, the ball of the foot not the rack should be used to
press the shovel in to clay or other stiff material. If the instep is used and the foot slip
off the shovel may enter through the worker’s shoes and into the foot.
Dipping the shoe a pail of water occasionally will help to keep it free from sticky
materials, making it easier to use and less likely to cause strain. Greasing or waxing
the shovel blade will also prevent some kind of materials from sticking.
When not in use, hang up shovels, stand them against a wall, or keep them in racks or
boxes. Shovel blades should not be allowed to become blunt turned, split, or jagged.
Shaft of shovel should be kept free from cracks and splinters.
Torsion Tools
Safe use of all wrenches requires the user always to be alert and prepared for the
possibility that the wrench may slip off the fastener, the fastener may suddenly turn
free, the wrench may break or the fasten may break.
The user should always be braced in such a way that should the wrench become free
from any reason, the user will not lose balance and be injured by falling into moving
machinery or falling off a platform. The user should always inspect a wrench for flaws.
Previous overloading or misuse of the tools may have weakened it to the point that it
will not even carry a normal load. The user should be safely braced when pulling hard
on a wrench.
Wrench should not be altered to change their size or reduce their dimension to fit into
close quarters. Instead a wrench of the correct size and fit should be used. It is unsafe
practice to try to make the wrong wrench fit by using shims.
Saws
Care should be taken to select the correct saw for the work to do. For cutting across
the grain of the wood, used a cross cut saw, for cutting with the grain, use a ripping
saw. For fast cross cut work on green wood, use a course (4 to 5 points per inch) saw;
for smooth accurate cutting of dry. Saws should be kept sharp and the teeth kept well
set to prevent binding in the timber which can cause the blade to buckle.
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When not in use, saws should be wiped off with an oily rag and kept in racks or hung
by the handle to prevent the teeth from being dulled. Do not drop a saw. For wood,
use a fine saw (8 to 10 point per inch) the number of point per inch is stamped on the
blade.
Files
Selection of the right kind of files will prevent injuries, lengthen the life of the file, and
increase production. A file cleaning card or brush should be used to keep the file in
peak condition. Files should not be hammered or used as a pry. Such abuse
frequently result in the file’s chipping or breaking, causing an injury to the user.
The correct way to hold a file for light work is to grasp the handle firmly in one hand
and use the thumb and forefinger of the other to guide the point, using smooth file
strokes.
A file should never be used without a smooth, crack-free handle, otherwise, if the file
binds, the tang may puncture the palm of the hand, the wrist, or other part of the body.
Under some condition, a clamp-on, raised offset handle can provide extra clearance
for the hands.
Files should not be on lathe stock turning at high speeds (faster the three turns per file
stroke), because the end of the file may strike the chuck, dog, of face plate and throw
the file (or metal chip) back the operator and inflict serious injury. The operator must
avoid contact with the turning wheels.
Hacksaws
Hacksaw should be adjusted and tightened in the frame to prevent buckling and
breaking, but should not be so tight that the pins that support the blades. Install blade
with teeth pointing forward. Blades with 14 teeth to the inch should be used for cutting
soft metal; 18 teeth for tool steel iron pipe, hard metal, and general shop use, 24 teeth
for drill rods, sheet metal, copper and brass, and tubing, and 32 teeth for thin metal
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(less than 18 gauge or 1.2 mm) and tubing. When thin metal are cut, make sure that
at least two teeth are in contact with the surface being cut.
Pressure should be applied on the forward stroke only. Lift the saw slightly and pull
back in the cut lightly to protect the teeth. Cutting speed of 40 to 60 strokes per
minutes is recommended. If the blade is twisted or too much pressure is applied, the
blade may break and cause injury to the hands or arms of the used. Do not continue
an old cut after changing to a new blade, it may bend and break because the set of
the teeth on the new blade will be thicker than that of used blade.
Chisels
Cold chisel have a cutting edge at one end for cutting, shaping and removing metal
softer than the cutting edge itself and a struck face on the opposite end. Selection of a
cold chisel shall be based on the materials to be cut, the size and the shape of the
tool, and the depth of the cut to be made. The chisel should be heavy enough so that
it will not buckle or spring when struck. A chisel, only large enough for the job, should
be selected so that the blade is used rather than only the point or corner.
Cutting edge should be kept sharp at all times and the original shape and angle
maintained. Re-sharpened cold chisels should be suitably hardened and tempered to
maintain them in a safe working condition. The chisel head will mushroom in use. As
soon as mushrooming is observed, the head should be reground with a slight taper
around the edge to prevent chipping and reduce the tendency to re-mushroom.
Eye protection should be worn at all times when a cold chisel is used. When shearing
and chipping with a cold chisel, the worker should hold the tool at an angle that
permits one bevel of cutting edge to be flat against the shearing plane. On jobs where
if is necessary to use a sledge hammer for striking the chisel, the chisel should be
held by a second person using a pair of tongs. Wood chisels should also be
maintained in a sharp condition so that minimum pressure is exerted when making a
cut. If the chisel is to be struck, only a wooden or soft mallet should be used.
Hammers
Hammers are made in various types and sized, with varying degrees of hardness and
different configuration for specific purposed. They should be selected for their
intended use and used only for those purposes.
Proper use of practically all types involves certain basic rules. The following are some
of these rules:
Safety goggles should always be worn to protect eyes.
A hammer blow should always be struck squarely with the hammer striking face
parallel with the surface being struck. Always avoid glancing blows and over
strikes.
When striking another tool (chisel, punch, wedge, etc.) the striking face of the
hammer should have a diameter approximately 3/8” (9mm) larger than the struck
face of the tool.
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Always use a hammer of suitable size and weight for the job. Don’t use a tack
hammer to drive a spike, nor a sledge to drive a tack.
Never use a hammer to strike another hammer.
Never use a hammer to loose or damage handle.
Discard any hammer if it shows dents, cracks, chips, mushrooming or excessive
wear. Redressing is not recommended.
Wooden handles of hammer should be of the best straight grained materials and
free from silvers. Alternate materials such as fiber glass or steel with a rubber
sleeve may be used.
Hammer head should be secured to wooden handles with proper wedges
Screw Drivers
Screw drivers is probably the most commonly used and abused tools. The unsafe
practice of using screw drivers for punches, wedges, pinch bars or pries must be
stopped. If used in such manner, they can cause injury and become unfit for the work
they are intended to do. Furthermore, a broken handle bent blade, dull or twisted tip
may cause a screw driver to slip out of the slot and cause a hand injury.
The following pointers are given:
A screw driver tip should be selected to fit the screw. A sharp square edged bit will
not slip as easily as a dull, rounded one and requires less pressure.
When putting in a screw, the work should be help in a vise or laid on a flat surface.
This practice will lessen the chances of injury to the hands if the screwdriver
should slip from the work.
When it is necessary to work around electrical current - bearing equipment, use an
insulated screw driver. However, the handle, insulated with dielectric materials, is
intended only as a secondary protection.
Insulated blades are also intended only as a protective measure against shorting out
components. Be sure electrical current is off before beginning work.
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While there are many tools capable of doing a job, proper selection means choosing
the tools that can be most safety used by the employee while adequately performing
the task. If power is available, power tool should be considered.
Error, accidents and damage to the job will result when improper tools are used. For
example, an adequate wrench can tighten a nut but it would be better if the employee
used a box end or a socket wrench of the proper size.
Keep tools in good condition. Unsafe tools include wrenches with cracked or work
jaws, screw drivers with broken tips, or split or broken handles, hammers with
chipped, mushroomed, or loose heads, broken or split handles, mushroomed
heads on chisels, dull saws and extension cords or electric tools with broken plugs
improper or removed grounding system, or split insulation.
Some common causes of accident are:
o Screw drivers applied to object s held in the hand, knives pulled toward the
body, failure to ground electrical equipment and nail hammer striking
hardened tools.
Keep tools in a safe place. Many accidents have been caused by tools falling from
overhead and by knives, chisels, and other sharp tools carried in the pocket or left
in toolboxes with cutting edges exposed.
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The person doing the purchasing should always take into consideration the safety
features of each product offered for sale. Hand tools should be carefully inspected
including the small tools by equipment department before they are approved for
purchase or placed on an approved purchasing list. An appropriate list of safety
factors that might be considered in the selection of hand tools and portables power
tools are as follows:
Electrically powered tools should be equipped with automatic cut off (dead-man
control switch). Control switches should be of sturdy operations and adequately
protected to prevent accidental starting of the hand tool. All cords on electrically
powered tools should be equipped with the ground wires. Handles of hammers,
shovels, axes, and picks should be of straight- grained wood free from slivers and
preferably from ash, hickory or maple. Proper tempering and the use of the correct
grade of steel in the heads of hammers, chisels, stamps, punches, and other tools
should be carefully considered. Design and operations should be considered in terms
of safe use. Methods of packing and shipping employed by the vendor should be
considered to preclude damage of the hand tools in transit.
3.2.10 Hand Tools Inspection, Repair & Storage
All hand tools shall be inspected when they arrive at the tool crib. Preferably the tool
crib attendant should be responsible for these inspections. In addition to this, periodic
inspection should cover housekeeping in the tool supply room, tool maintenance,
service handling routine and condition of tools.
All hand tools shall be regularly inspected both before storage and after use. If wear or
damage is observed the tools should be withdrawn from used from repair or disposal.
The storekeeper should maintain a record of all tools issued, repaired and withdrawn
from use. This can be done with the connection of small tools and equipment foreman.
Hand tools shall be stored in proper racks and boxes.
3.2.11 Tool Boxes & Carrying of Tools
Tool boxes are meant to hold tools, not to stand on, use as an anvil, a sawhorse, or to
store lunch. Tool boxes are made of plastic or steel. In the case of steel toolboxes, all
seams should be welded and smooth with no protruding edges to catch clothing or
hands. A tool box will have a catch or a hasp at each end and should be locked with
either a pad lock or its own built in lock.
Employee should never carry tools in any way that might interfere with their freely
using both hands on a ladder or while climbing on a structure. A strong bag, bucket, or
similar container should be used to hoist tools from the ground to the job. Tools should
be returned to the tools box properly after use and not carried in pockets or dropped to
the ground.
Chisel, screw drivers and pointed tools should never be carried edge or point up in a
workers pocket. They should be carried in a tool box, a cart, or in a carrying tool box.
A cart or in carrying belt like that used by electrician and steel workers, in a pocket
tool pouch, or in the hand with point and cutting edges away from the body. Tools
should be handled from one employee to another, never thrown. Edged or pointed
tools should be passed, preferably in their carrying case, with the handle toward the
receiver. Workers carrying tools on their shoulders should pay close attention to
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clearances when turning around and should handle the tools so that they will not strike
others.
3.3.1 General
Welding and cutting are safe operation if carried out in the correct manner. Where
equipment is defective or there is no proper ventilation in the working place, then
hazard will arise. For the Welders performing the welding, only pre-qualified and
holders of Test Certificates accredited by CLIENT is permitted to perform welding for a
particular approved Welding Procedure Specification (WPS).
Hazards generally associated with welding are hot sparks, arc radiation, air
contamination, electrical shock, chipping slag, and the handling of compressed gases.
In addition there is also the potential for fire or explosion in the welding area which
puts the worker at risk. This section outlines the principle involved and the precautions
to be taken in welding and cutting operations.
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Permanent eye injury may result from looking directly into powerful arc without eye
protection, due to the effect of visible and near infrared radiation. Ultraviolet may also
produce the same effects on the skin as a severe burn.
Production of ultraviolet radiation is high in gas shielded arc welding. For example, a
shield of argon gas around the arc doubles the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation,
and with the greater current densities required, the intensity may be five to thirty times
as great as with non-shielding welding such as covered electrode or gas shielded
metal arc welding.
Infrared radiation has the effect of heating the tissue with which it comes in contact. If
the heat is not enough to cause an ordinary thermal burn, there is no harm.
Noise
In welding and cutting and the associated operation, noise levels may exceed the
permissible limits. Workers must protect their ears with ear plug and / or muffs.
Fire Hazards
The arc or flame of the welding /cutting may cause fire, by heat conduction through
the metals being welded or cut, by molten slag and metal from the cut or by sparks
that fly from the work-unsafe cutting and welding practices are serious problem
throughout industry. Cutting and welding fires account for 7 % of all industrial fires and
12 % of all industrial fire losses.
Gases
Oxygen (O2) is colourless and odourless. Oxygen it promotes and accentuates rapid
combustion and is thus a fire hazard. It is non-toxic supports life.
Acetylene (C2H2) has a distinct odour often likened to that of garlic or sour apples. It
consists of 92.3 % by weight of carbon and 7.7 % by weight of hydrogen.
It is explosive when mixed with oxygen over wide range of level (2½% - 81%).
Acetylene burn with oxygen can produce a higher flame temperature than any other
commercial gas. Acetylene is toxic.
Free acetylene becomes unstable at pressure above 15 psig. Inside the cylinder
acetylene is dissolved in acetone to prevent internal explosion.
The range of flammable limits of acetylene (2.5 to 81 % acetylene in air) is greater
than that of other commonly used gas which increases the hazard.
3.3.4 Precautions
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Welders shall ensure that welding areas are fully “boxed in” with non-combustible
materials. Written permission is required for surface preparation work as soon as
welding permit is required specific object.
3.3.6 Storage
Cylinder should be stored in an upright position in a safe, dry, well ventilated place
prepared and reserved for the purpose. Flammable substance such as oil and
volatile liquids should not be stored in the same area. Cylinder should not be
stored near places where they can be knocked down or damage.
Oxygen cylinders should not be stored within 20 feet (6 M) of cylinders containing
flammable gases or the location of other highly combustible materials. If closer
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than 20 ft. cylinders should be separated by a fire resistive partition at least 5 ft.
high, having a fire resistance rating of at least 30 minutes.
All cylinders should be stored with the valve end up in an upright position. To
prevent rusting, the cylinder, stored in the open should be protected from ground
contact, extreme of weather, and the direct rays of the sun.
Cylinders are not designed for temperature in excess of 130 degree Fahrenheit.
Accordingly they should not be stored near sources of heat such as radiators of
furnaces or near highly flammable substances, like gasoline.
Cylinders storage rooms and buildings must be well ventilated and open flame and
smoking must be prohibited. Storage room should have no other occupancy.
Cylinder storage should be planned so that cylinder will be used in the order in
which they are received from the supplier, empty and full cylinder should be stored.
Separately, with empty cylinder being plainly identified as such to avoid confusion.
Group together empty cylinder which have held the same contents.
Storage room for cylinder containing flammable gases should be well ventilated to
prevent the accumulation of explosive concentration of gas. No source of ignition
should be permitted. Smoking should be prohibited. Wiring should be in conduit
Electrical lights should be in fixed position and enclosed in glass or other
transparent materials to prevent gas from contacting lighted sockets or lamps and
should be equipped with guards to prevent breakage. Electric switches should be
located outside the room.
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An acetylene cylinder valve wrench shall be available at all times for the cylinder in
use. The wrench should be kept in position on the valve.
Unless the cylinder valve has first been closed tightly, do not attempt to stop a leak
between the cylinder and regulator by tightening the union nut.
Means of ignition should be readily available. A flint gun is to be used for lighting
torches. Do not use matches or cigarette lighters.
Acetylene can form explosive compounds in contact with certain metals or alloys
particularly copper or silver. Joint fittings or lines made of copper should not be
Used and acetylene should not be allowed to come into contact with extraneous
copper pipe work or tubing. No valves or metal fitting used with acetylene should
be made of copper, brass or other copper containing alloys.
It is dangerous to let the torch flame come into contact with the cylinder or for the
lighted torch itself to be hung on the regulators. It is equally dangerous to rest blow
pipes, even extinguished ones, on old drums. “Empty drums which have contained
low flash point liquids are known to have become lethal bombs when a hot welding
torch was laid down on them.
Never strike an arc or tap an electrode against a cylinder.
Whenever possible the cylinder in use should be kept upright on a custom built
stand fitted with a bracket to accommodate the hoses and equipment. Unless the
cylinder valve is protected by a recess in the head, the metal cap should keep in
place to protect the valve when the cylinder is not connected for use.
Keep oxygen cylinder and fitting away form oil and grease and do not handle them
with oily hands, gloves, or clothing.
Make sure the threads on a regular or union correspond to those on the cylinder
valve outlet. Do not force connections that do not fit.
Open cylinder valves slowly. A cylinder not provided with a hand wheel valve
should be opened with a spindle key or a special key or a special wrench or other
tool provided or approved by the gas supplier.
Small fires at the cylinder should be extinguished, if possible, by closing the
cylinder valve. In case of a large fire or if extinguishment is not possible, evacuate
and use a heavy stream of water to fight fire.
Use regulators and pressure gauge only with gases for which they are designed
and intended. Do not attempt to repair or alter cylinder, valves or attachments. This
work should be done only by the manufacturer.
Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air in pneumatic tools, in oil
preheating burners, to start internal combustion engine, or to dust clothing. Use it
only for the purpose for which it is intended.
Cylinder valve shall be closed when the work is finished.
Never bring cylinder into tanks or unventilated rooms or other closed quarters.
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3.3.9 Torches
Torches are constructed of metal casting, forging and tubing. Usually they are made
of brass or bronze, but stainless steel may also be used. They should be of
substantial design to withstand the rough handling they sometimes receive. The gases
enter the torch by separate inlets go through valves to the mixing chambers and then
to the outlet orifice, located at the torch tip.
In the operation of the torch several precautions should be observed:
Select the proper welding head or mixer tip or cutting nozzle and screw it firmly
into the torch.
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Before changing torches, shut off the gas at the pressure reducing regulators and
not by crimping the hose.
To discontinue welding or cutting for a few minutes, closing only the torch valves is
permissible. If the welding or cutting is to be stopped for a longer period proceed
as follows:
Close oxygen and acetylene cylinder valves.
Open torch valves to relieve all gas pressure - adjusting screws.
Do not use matches to light torch, use a friction lighter or other suitable source of
ignition.
When lighting, point the torch tip so that no one will be burned when the gas
ignites.
Never put down the torch until the gases have been completely shut off. Do not
hang torch from regular or other equipment so that they come in contact with the
sides of the gas cylinders.
When extinguishing the flame, close the acetylene and oxygen valves on the other
recommended by the torch manufacturer.
Corrective Action
Check nozzle.
Re-light.
Ensure adequate gas flow.
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Corrective Action
Close both torch valves, oxygen first.
Check cylinder pressure.
Check and adjust regulator setting.
Check torch.
Re-light, when gas flow is properly established.
Corrective Action
Close both torch valves, oxygen first
Check cylinder pressure.
Check and adjust regulators settings.
Cool torch and check nozzle orifice for obstruction.
Re-light.
A flash back is the most dangerous of the occurrences, the cause being mixed gases
in the hoses. Usually this mixing of gases occurs when the hoses have been
disconnected from regulators or torches or when a new hose is being used for the first
time. Sometimes it is due to loose connection usually one of the hoses will have bust
and possibly ignited.
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3.3.16 VOLTAGE
The voltage across the welding arc varies from 15 to 40 volts, depending on the type
and size of electrodes used. The welding circuit must supply somewhat higher voltage
to strike the arc. This voltage is called the open circuit voltage. After arc is established
the open circuit voltage drops to a value about equal to the arc voltage plus the lead
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voltage drop. The open circuit voltage on DC welding machines should be less than
100 volts. For AC Transformer welding machines the maximum open circuit voltage
should be 80 volts on manuals and 100 volts on automatics.
Heavy duty AC welding machines will have an open circuit voltage of 75 to 80 volts
with a special tap to provide for 100 volts where necessary. The tap should not be
accessible to the welder for current adjustment but should be under the control of a
responsible electrician or supervisor. Open circuit voltage should be as low as 50 volts
on small AC welding machines used without expert supervision.
It is worth recalling here that, whereas the shock produce by D.C. tends to throw the
victim away from the point of contact, the shock produce by A.C. has the opposite
effect and make the victim holds on to it. For these reasons, D.C should be used for
welding operation us any situation where the effect of electric shock is likely to be
extreme such as in dump as in confirmed space (tanks boilers etc.). In each welding
circuit there are three main connections, the welding lead, the welding return, and the
welding ground.
The following guidelines are further given:
The welding lead is the conductor carrying the current back from the point of
supply to the electrode holder.
The welding return is the conductor carrying the current back from the work to the
point of supply. Its conductivity should at least equal that of the welding lead.
The welding return should be used to ground the metal case of the regulators. The
high current capacity is essential because all the current fed to the arc has to be
conducted back to the supply point. The current involved could be as high as 300
amps on hand welding operation.
The welding ground is essential to keep the work and anything in contact with it at
ground potential. It should be of low impedance so that there can be no rise in the
potential of the work and so that sufficient fault current passes quickly enough to
cut off the supply system by a separate substantial conductor.
Welding cable insulation needs to be robust enough, to withstand normal treatment
over rough ground and the wear inflicted by root and vehicular traffic.
Electrodes holder should be constructed to accommodate all sizes of electrodes
and with an ejector for hot, spect stubs to safeguard welder’s hands. Holders
should be unplugged when not in use.
A shield should be fitted between electrode holder and handle to prevent live
elements from being touched. The handle itself should be made of non flammable
insulating materials and free from joints or holes.
It is essential that an operator should be able to unplug his electrode holder
without moving his position or before changing to a new position. Putting down live
gear in the course of work or handling live gear when moving position can be
highly dangerous if any external metallic contact is made.
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Although open circuit voltage on stand arc welding units is not high compared to those
of other processes, they cannot be neglected as a potential hazard. Normally the work
set up is such that the work is grounded and unless care is exercised, the welder or
operator can easily become grounded.
The welder or welding operator shall be insulated from both the work and the metal
electrode and other. The bare metal part of an electrode or electrode holder should
never be permitted to touch the operator bare skin or wet clothing. Some specific
precautions for prevention of electric shock are:
In confined places, cover or arrange cable to prevent contact with falling sparks
Never change electrode with bare hands or wet gloves or when standing on wet
floors or grounded surfaces.
Ground the frames of welding units, portables or stationary.
If a cable (either work lead or electrode lead) becomes worn, exposing bare
conductors, it may be repaired if the insulation repair on work lead cables is
equivalent in insulation to the original cable covering
Keep welding cables dry and free of grease and oil to prevent premature
breakdown of the insulation.
Suspend cable on substantial overhead support if the cable must be run some
distance from the welding unit. Protect cable that must be laid on the floor or
ground so that they will not interfere with safe passage or become damage or
entangled.
Take special care to keep welding cables away from power supply cables or high
tension wires.
Never coil or loop welding cable around the body.
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3.4.1 General
Electricity has long been recognized as a serious workplace hazard specially
operations industry, exposing employees to such dangers as electric shock,
electrocution, fires, and explosions.
ICOM recognizes the important role of these procedures in defining basic
requirements for safety in electrical installations. In addition, safety procedures for
electrical installations are aimed to make it easier for employers and employees to use
and understand.
Any electrical installation & equipment which may be related to ICOM Contract Scope
of Work and as provide by the same contract shall foregoing the following procedure.
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3.4.5 Guarding
Live parts of electrical equipment used at the jobsite more must be guarded against
accidental contact. Guarding of live parts must be accomplished as follows:
Location in a cabinet, room, vault, or similar enclosure accessible only to qualified
persons.
Use of permanent, substantial partitions or screens to exclude unqualified persons.
Location on a suitable balcony, gallery, or platform elevated and arranged to
exclude unqualified persons.
Elevation of eight feet or more above the floor.
Entrance to rooms and other guarded locations containing exposed live parts must be
marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified persons to enter.
Electric installations that are over 600 volts and that are open to unqualified persons
must be made with metal-enclosed equipment or enclosed in a vault or area controlled
by a lock. In addition, equipment must be marked with appropriate caution signs.
The following requirements apply to over-current protection of circuits rated 600 volts,
nominal, or less.
Conductors and equipment must be protected from over-current in accordance
with their ability to safely conduct current and the conductors must have sufficient
current-carrying capacity to carry the load.
Over-current devices must not interrupt the continuity of the grounded conductor
unless all conductors of the circuit are opened simultaneously, except for motor-
running overload protection.
Over-current devices must be readily accessible and not located where they could
create an employee safety hazard by being exposed to physical damage or
located in the vicinity of easily ignitable material.
Fuses and circuit breakers must be so located or shielded that employees will not
be burned or otherwise injured by their operation, e.g., arcing.
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Batteries
Batteries of the unsealed type must be located in enclosures with outside vents or in
well-ventilated rooms arranged to prevent the escape of fumes, gases, or electrolyte
spray into other areas. Other provisions include the following:
Ventilation-to ensure diffusion of the gases from the battery and to prevent the
accumulation of an explosive mixture.
Racks and trays-treated to make them resistant to the electrolyte.
Floors-acid-resistant operations unless protected from acid accumulations.
Face shields, aprons, and rubber gloves-for workers handling acids or batteries.
Facilities for quick drenching of the eyes and body-within 25 feet (7.62 m) of
battery handling areas.
Facilities-for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolytes and for fire protection.
Battery Charging
Battery charging installations must be located in areas designated for that purpose.
When batteries are being charged, vent caps must be maintained in functioning
condition and kept in place to avoid electrolyte spray. Also, charging apparatus must
be protected from damage by trucks
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Perhaps the most commonly used material handling equipment is the crane, which
over the years has been developed to meet highly specialized application with the
result that there is now a great range of type and size in used in industry, the docks
and in operations sites.
Accident with cranes and lifting equipment can be both costly and spectacular
particularly, in oil processing and handling areas where an accident can fracture an oil
or gas line, causing serious loss of product with the ever present danger of serious fire
and loss of lives.
As a deterrent to unskilled operation, all operators of Heavy Equipment shall be
required to possess CLIENT certification, specific for the equipment to be operated
and in accordance with CLIENT regulations and standard.
Cranes cannot create accident by themselves. Accidents with cranes can only be
caused by negligence of Safe Operating Procedures by the operator. There are a
number of common techniques and requirements that apply to the safe operations of
every type of crane and these are dealt as explained below.
Operator
The operator shall be in possession of a valid Saudi Arabian government crane
operator license and CLIENT crane operator certificate.
An operator should not operate a crane for which he has not been certified.
The operator should be physically fit and mentally alert. If the operator feels any
sign of drowsiness or illness then he should stop the work.
He must know and comply with the standard lifting hand signal.
An absolute limit of approach 25 feet (7.5 meters) on any part of a crane operating
near overhead power line voltage greater than 250,000.
All cranes operating near energized power lines shall be developed with approved
JSA.
The Crane Operators shall utilize and perform the daily inspection checklist,
countersigned by the Equipment Section head and/or competent person.
The records of crane inspection shall be made available for review and inspection
by CLIENT and Client personnel at any time.
An “Anti-two block device” shall be provided
Rigger
The rigger is responsible for properly attaching the load to the crane and giving the
correct hand signal to the crane operator. He is the only person authorized to give
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signal to the crane operator. The rigger should be capable of rigging all type of loads
to be lifted. The rigger shall be in possession of a valid CLIENT recognized rigger
certificate.
The Rigger shall only be allowed to rig loads of up to the limit of his certification;
however, a Rigger 3 or Rigger 2 may be allowed to rig loads exceeding their
certification if supervised by the Rigger of the higher certification. In such case, prior to
this activity, the approval of CLIENT shall be obtained.
All Riggers shall be certified by Client recognized certification body for levels as
Rigger-III, Rigger-II, or Rigger-I for a minimum of two (2) years, the Rigger certification
identifies the load weight limit and type of lifts that can be rigged without supervision.
Rigger-III can rig loads up to 10 tons.
Rigger-II Can rig loads up to 40 tons, originate critical lift plans, and rig/supervise
crane suspended personnel platform (Manbasket) operations.
Rigger-I Can rig all loads and approve critical lift plans for critical lifts.
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Location of Crane
The strength of the ground where the crane is to pass or positioned shall be
examined. If necessary reinforcement, such as installation of steel plate shall be
made. Steel plates or wooden mats must be used if on soil or asphalt.
Know the exact location of utility lines, pipelines and other underground
obstruction, and avoid them with room to spare by marking the location clearly.
Position the crane as close to the load as possible and in such a way as to
minimize the swing.
Before performing any type of work, be sure that the crane is secured against
travel or lateral movement. If necessary, block the crane to prevent movement.
Remove the blocking before attempting to travel.
Ensure that, whenever possible, the crane is operated in its most stable position
and in the area of highest capacity. Most of the lifting should be done in the rear
quadrant.
Crane Operation
If there is a warning sign on the switch or engine starting control, do not start the
engine until the warning sign has been removed by the person who placed it there.
Before starting the engine, make sure that all the personnel are well cleared of the
machine
Make sure that the fire extinguisher on the crane is in good condition and if used,
should be refilled immediately
Let the machine warm up for a few minutes to give the oil in the pump a chance to
circulate. Do not operate the machine under load until the hydraulic oil has warmed
to the minimum operating temperature specified in the manufactures manual.
Ensure that the swing lock is disengaged before starting to operate. Should there
be a swing motion, a clear space of at least 2 ft. shall be maintained between the
crane body, the counterweight and any moving part of the crane and fixed object
nearby to prevent persons being trapped and crushed when the crane swings.
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Swinging shall be done slowly. Swinging too fast can throw the load out of radius
and cause overloading and the risk of striking adjacent objects.
An operator must not leave his position at the controls while the load is suspended.
The operators should know the location and use of all emergency shutdowns.
The operator must have an unobstructed view of the load hook and the point of
operation at all times. In case this is impractical, the operator should be backed up
by a rigger or a trained watchman who will be giving the signal of directions.
When operating a crane with the boom at a high angle, the operator should take
care that the suspended load does not strike the boom. In such cases, critical lift
plan shall be prepared and approved.
Before swinging a load, be sure the swing path is clear and that the outrigger are
properly set. Control the load at all times using taglines to guide or snub the load
when required.
In the case of hydraulics telescopic boom cranes, the boom section should be
extended equally.
When loading and unloading a truck, ensure that the driver leaves the cab, and
always work over the rear of the truck. Never swing over the cabin.
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body, and the operator should make sure that the crane can handle it safely before
the truck is moved out from under the load.
Load must be rigged so that they are stable, sling must be attached to the load
above its center of gravity, not below it.
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The operator must have safe access to and egress from the cabin or seat.
The operator must never leave the crane cab with the load suspended. Should it
become necessary to leave the crane, lower the body to the ground and stop the
engine before leaving the cab.
On the crane, where the operating controls are separate from the drivers cab,
there must be an operators cab at all times when travelling.
Whenever possible, crane hooks should be fitted with safety latches to prevent
slings; chains ropes etc. from jumping off the hook.
Crane boom shall be lowered to the ground level, and the hook shall be secured to
the specified position when crane is not in use. In the case of hydraulic boom
cranes, the boom is to be fully retracted in the travelling position.
Except for hydraulics boom cranes, there must be an attendant preceding the
crane.
On approaching any overhead obstruction or road crossing, the attendant should
stop the crane and give the necessary signals or instruction to enable the crane to
pass the obstruction or road crossing in safety.
When using a crawler on soft ground it may be necessary to move the load behind
in order to raise the leading end of the crawlers. Snub the load to the machine to
prevent its possible upset to the crane.
Overhead power lines: A distance of at least 25 ft should be maintained between
any part of an operating crane, its loads or attachment and any overhead power
line.
Should a crane of necessity have to approach any closer, special precaution shall
be taken.
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Never travel a rubber tire unit with a load over the side. In such cases, the critical
lift plan shall be prepared and approved.
Prior to travelling the crane, the route must be checked and established, be aware
of overhead power lines, pipelines, underground pipelines, and any other
obstruction.
While travelling the boom must be in line with the chassis of the crane and the
swing brake applied.
With the exception of those involved in the operation of the crane, no one should
be permitted to get on, leave or ride on the equipment when it is in motion or in
operation.
Has the rigging equipment been inspected, secured and in acceptable condition?
Are Proper Crane mats placed under outrigger floats and at a 90-degrees angle to the outrigger
cylinder? Are crawler crane in proper crane mats?
Is the crane in 1-degree of level? Has the levelness of the crane been check with a four foot
carpenter’s level or other acceptable method? The “Target” level in the crane cab can be used for
initial levelling but should not be considered reliable for critical lifts.
Is the exact load weight known?
Is the location of the center of gravity of the load known and the crane hook positioned directly
above it?
Was the load radius measured exactly? For Heavy Lifts, has the potential increasing load radius
due to deflection in the boom, tire and/or carrier been considered?
Was the boom length determined exactly?
Is wind condition acceptable? If wind speed is in excess of 30 Mph, the lift should not be made; if
the wind speed is more than 20 Mph consider postponing the lift.
Is the rope reeving balance to prevent boom twist?
Has the clearance between the boom and the load been considered and is it sufficient?
Has the clearance between the boom tip and block been considered and is it sufficient?
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Has a qualified Signalperson (Rigger) been assigned and method of communication between the
crane operator and Rigger established?
Is the area clear of obstacles (Including Power lines, Pipelines and unnecessary personnel)?
Has a Pre-lift meeting between the crane operator, Rigger, supervisor, and other affected person
been conducted?
Routine Checks
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equipment, shall undergo initial inspection, which shall be conducted by the following
departments:
Client’s Transportation Department or an accredited 3rd party inspection agency,
who shall inspect the vehicle/mobile equipment to assess its mechanical and
operational condition
HSE Department or an accredited 3rd party inspection agency, who shall inspect
the vehicle/mobile equipment to assess its compliance with the Client vehicle
safety regulations as per Client regulations on Mechanical & Mobile Equipment.
All vehicles, mechanical and mobile equipment shall be subjected to regular and
periodic inspection, preventive maintenance, over an above Client vehicle
inspection requirements and occasional repairs and upgrades. All inspection,
maintenance and repair activities performed to these site vehicles and equipment
shall be documented and recorded.
A sticker system shall also be implemented to signify that the vehicle has
undergone appropriate inspection. It shall be the responsibility of the transportation
manager/supervisor to ensure that the above inspections, maintenance and
repairs are properly implemented, as well as not allow any vehicle or equipment to
be mobilized on site without undergoing the appropriate inspections.
It shall be the responsibility of the HSE department to advice and monitor the
implementation of these inspections, maintenance and repairs.
3.6.2 Repair
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The user shall report to the transport section any malfunction or damage which
may be noticed and discovered during the use of the vehicle.
A vehicle repair service request system shall be implemented to facilitate
appropriate action.
The transport section shall give a turnover service receipt to the user to signify that
the repair has been successfully performed.
The turnover receipt may be part of the vehicle service request form as a close-out
portion of the request.
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Many accidents even those that do not injure anyone, result in costly damage to
equipment loss of efficiency and production and high maintenance costs. In general,
prevention of accident to heavy equipment requires;
Safety feature on equipment.
Systematic maintenance and repair.
Trained and licensed operators. All heavy Equipment Operator should possessed
valid SAG licenses and holders of CLIENT Test Certificates
Trained repair personnel.
Many driving practices of these types of equipment are the same as those necessary
for the safe operation of highway vehicles. Off the road driving, however, involves
special hazards and requires safety measures.
The modern heavy duty vehicle or other off the road equipment is a carefully
engineered and expensive piece of equipment and warrants operation only by drivers
who are qualified physically, mentally and by training and experience. The supervisor
should monitor the operator in order to make sure that the he continues to operate in
the way in which he was instructed.
3.7.2 Dumping
Dump Trucks shall be equipped with back-up alarm system to warn all nearby
personnel of the backing movement of the truck.
Drivers should follow the instruction and signal given to him, especially in backing to
dump. Signal must be used at all times.
The persons responsible for dumping must know close to the edge a vehicle can
approach safely under various conditions. He should position himself on the driver's
side of the vehicle
So that the signal can be easily seen
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So the driver will have him in sight, and there will be less danger of his being run
over.
The driver should turn from his left when backing, so that he will have a maximum
view of the area into which the rear of the truck is moving. Also the signal man must
stay clear to avoid being struck by falling material.
To avoid hitting overhead lines or other low clearances, the dump box should be
lowered as soon as the load is dumped. Tipper bodies shall always be lowered after
use, if raised for maintenance, they shall be blocked.
3.7.3 Towing
Towing is a hazardous operation, especially when coupling or uncoupling the
equipment. Workers can be crushed, when a truck or other piece of equipment moves
unexpectedly, while they are between the two pieces of equipment. The following safe
practices are essential to prevent accident during the coupling or uncoupling of
motorized equipment.
Towing operations, especially a heavy equipment or truck, Plant Operations
Department shall be notified.
No one should go between the vehicles while either one is in motion.
Vehicles must be secured against movements by having the brakes set, the wheel
blocked or both.
Driver should not move his vehicles while someone is between it another vehicle,
or wall or anything else that is reasonably solid and immovable. In fact before
moving, the driver should receive an all clear signal.
Tow bars are usually safer than towing ropes. If ropes are employed, they must be
in good condition and of sufficient size and length for the towing job.
All equipment being towed should be secured by a safety chain or other equipment
means in addition to the tow bar.
Equipment towed on trailers should be secured to the trailer.
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Operators should not allow other personnel to ride on the equipment. No body
should be allowed to climb on to equipment in motion.
Where earth moving equipment is stopping, turning, or backing at curves crests, of
hills and similar dangerous locations, flagman must be stationed. Such movements
generally require a clear view of approaching traffic for a distance of about 1000 ft.
for safety.
Flagman must be used where operation are extensive or where the working area is
congested by other equipment, workers, building, excavation, and similar hazards.
NOTE: At no time should a machine be left unattended with its engine running.
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Refuelling should be done only with engine stopped. When cutting edge is to be
replaced, the scraper bowl or dozer blade should always be blocked up.
If an operator is assisting a repair worker and working behind the scraper with the
tailgate in the forward position, a block should be placed behind the tail gate so that it
cannot fall.
This precaution is necessary in case someone should release the power control unit
brake permitting the tailgate to come back.
c.) Definitions:
Trailer - A Vehicle designed in which the basic part does not depend on a tractor. The
semi-trailer with a small surface is considered a trailer (Figure No. 1)
Tractor - The front part of a truck (Equipped with a tow tray) which is designed to tow
semi-trailers and not designed to carry weights other than the semi-trailer’s (Figure
No. 2).
Semi-Trailer - A vehicle designed to couple with a tractor through a tow tray with a
part of its weight falling on the tractor (Figure 3).
Bus - A vehicle designed to carry individuals and their luggage with a capacity of
more than nine (9) seats including the driver’s (Figure No. 4)
Truck - A vehicle designed to transport goods or tow a trailer. (Figure No. 5)
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Figure 5: Truck
Overhang
The horizontal part of the vehicle (bus, truck, trailer, or semi-trailer) that extends
backwards beyond the last axle or forward before the front steerable axle.
Overall Height
The vertical distance between the surface of the road and the highest point of the
vehicle.
Overall Width
The horizontal distance on the longitudinal axle of the vehicle between the outer parts
on the sides.
Overall Length
The horizontal distance between the outer parts o the rear and front.
Radius
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Radius of the circle drawn with center of contact between the steerable tire and the
surface of the road when the vehicle or steering wheel is turned furthest to the right or
left.
Dimensions
The overall length shall not exceed 12.5 meters for a single truck or bus, 23 meters for
tractors and semi-trailers, and 20 meters for truck and trailers. The overall width of any
vehicle shall not exceed 4.5 meters in the following cases:
a. When there is no load;
b. When the ladder in ladder vehicle mounted towers of repairing overhead cables
are in the basic horizontal fixing position;
c. When side mirrors and antennas are removed.
Projection of any window, air vents that open outward or side mirrors shall not
exceed 300 mm from the farthest point on both sides of the vehicle.
For tractor of a width that is less than the width of the trailer, side mirror may project to
a distance that does not exceed 300 mm from the farthest point on each side of the
trailer.
Front and back overhung parts shall be allowed based on the vehicle design provided
that they do not affect its balance.
The maximum weight of any tandem axles shall not exceed the following:
Distance between Tandem Maximum allowable Weight on Tandem Axle
Axle (Meters) (tons)
From To less than
0.9 1 14.7
1 1.0 16.1
1.10 1.20 17.5
1.20 1.30 18.9
1.35 2.50 21
More than 2.50 Each axle is considered as a single axle
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The maximum Allowable weight for three tandem axle shall not exceed the following:
Distance between the first and Maximum Allowable weight on Three
Third Axle (Meters) Tandem Axle (Ton)
3 Meters or Less 26
More than 3 Meters 32
The maximum weight on any non-steerable part shall not exceed 6.5 tons.
A required vehicle with dimensions and/or weights exceeding the limits mentioned
herein shall require approval of the concerned transportation agencies before entering
the country and being permitted to operate on the roads.
DESCRIPTION PRE-OPERATIONAL
S/N POTENTIAL HAZARD HAZARD CONTROL
OF EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
1. Valid Operators’ license 1. Serious and Fatal 1. Follow the operating
(SAG License & SA Injuries from vehicle limitation of the machine
Certificate) accidents 2. Consider proper rigging
2. Valid Crane Test 2. Contact with Structure practice.
Certificate or 3. Know the machine
3. Licensed Rigger & Overhead lines condition.
Appropriate according 3. Crane Tip Over 4. Close monitoring of the
to the lifting condition 4. Caught by rotating operation.
1. Mobile Crane
(i.e. Rigger III for lifting parts. 5. Use Proper Personal
more than 40 Tons) 5. Falling Load. Protective Equipment.
4. Lifting Plan (If Required) 6. Caught by rotating parts 6. Close Supervision &
5. Pre-operational
Monitoring.
inspection check-up
with checklist filled up. 7. Work Permit Requirement.
6. Personal Protective
Equipment.
1. Valid Operators’ license 1. Caught by rotating parts 1. Only Competent Persons is
(SAG License & SA of the equipment. allowed to operate
Operators Certificate) 2. Struck by the Moving 2. Follow the Safe Operation
2. Valid Operator Test equipment. Manual of the Machine
Certificate for the 3. Contact with other 3. Use Proper PPE
2. Skid Loader
specified equipment. structure 4. Utilize Spotter if work
3. Pre-Operational 4. Fall into the condition needs.
inspection check-up trench/excavation
with Checklist filled up 5. Burn Hazard.
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3.8.1 General
ICOM’s Operations Manager has the authority and responsibility to implement the
Hazardous Material Handling Program. The project key personnel shall assist the
Operations Manager in implementation and surveillance checks of this program,
including ICOM’s Safety Officer.
Work Supervisors and Superintendents will actively provide proper instructions and
work supervision. Training, information and monitoring required in helping ensure
occupational health and hygienic practices by employees.
A Hazardous Management Officer may be designated from among the Safety
Officers to perform as officer in-charge of all affairs and activities relating to
Hazardous Material activity. Hazardous waste management may be handled by
the designated Environmental Coordinator.
The Hazardous Materials Coordinator shall closely work with the Project Safety
Manager and corresponding coordination with the Clients Environmental Health
Unit to conduct periodic inspection of field facilities, equipment and work areas to
detect and correct un healthful conditions and unhygienic acts.
The storage and movement of various materials shall be carefully organized and
arranged to make optimum use of the area, where efficient service can be
provided in the right place and time for the man on the job.
Selection of storage area with due consideration for drainage protection from rain
and sand storm, storage areas shall enable reversing and maneuvering of trucks
especially into or out of confined areas.
All the vehicles for the transportation of the hazardous materials and waste shall
be suitable and dedicated to the specific class of waste in order to avoid mixing of
different type and nature of chemical. In particular, the vehicles must guarantee
that no dispersion of product shall occur during the transport.
Vehicles carrying loads that are likely to blow-off from the containment
compartment shall have cover that is either integral part of the vehicle or a
separate cover of suitable material with fasteners to secure all sides of the cover.
This cover shall be in use while in transit.
All vehicles shall be provided with the fire prevention equipment (if needed) and
phone number to contact in the event of an emergency.
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Safe Driving
To help ensure road safety, here are some tips regarding SAFE DRIVING:
Always follow Traffic Regulations. These regulations, like speed limits, signal
traffic lights at intersections, road traffic signs and others are set-up to help
maintain safe traffic flow.
Always check your vehicle before using it. Check your tires, oil and water level,
lights, and emergency provisions (jack, wrench, spare tire, etc). Subject your
vehicle for regular preventive maintenance and check-up.
Always prepare yourself for the drive because driving requires concentration.
Never drive under the influence any substance which may affect your senses,
or ability to react defensively or may cause you to sleep, such as alcohol,
drugs, or any medicine. Make sure your body is fully alert and awake and
mentally prepared to drive your vehicle. Make sure that you also know how to
fully operate your vehicle.
Look ahead into the traffic. Looking ahead helps you see possible hazards and
dangers, like a big hole in the road, a crossing person, a car backing out, etc.
This will enable you to slow down or stop to avoid an accident.
Always watch out for Pedestrians and bicycle riders. Although they are
expected to cross only at crossing zones and bicycle lanes, they should always
be given priority because people’s lives can never be compared to vehicles.
Always fasten and use seat belts. As proven by studies, most people who
survive serious car accidents had their seatbelts fastened. Place your children
in child seats and if possible seat them at the back side passenger seat.
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Ignoring a red light is always dangerous. Some drivers have the habit of driving
through an intersection even though the signal light indicates red, often
because there seems to be no vehicle on the perpendicular lanes against him.
Do not assume that although there appears to be no traffic on the other roads,
it is already safe to cross an intersection.
A driver should not assume that no vehicles will pass the intersection, most
especially during your red light signal, and even during your green light signal.
Intersections are especially high risk spots because traffic comes from different
directions together. The most common cause of traffic accidents at
intersections is ignoring traffic signals.
Allow ambulances, fire trucks and emergency vehicles to pass through. These
vehicles should be given priority on road because of the nature of their
purpose.
The correct response to an ambulance, fire truck or any emergency vehicle is
to slow down and move your vehicle safely to the right side of the road and
allow these emergency vehicles to pass before resuming your original cruising
speed.
Drivers who are at the height of emotions are common road hazards. Being
angry, excited or even being in a hurry can affect the driver's concentration on
road because these are things which give failure or takes of his mind in
observing good traffic behavior.
A defensive driver should make decisions that can help him stay safe and avoid
accidents. A yellow light should always be seen as a high caution signal where
a driver should interpret the yellow traffic light as "I need to slow down to stop."
There are three main components of Road Safety:
o Safe Driving Behavior
o Traffic Order and organization
o Road Traffic Predictability
Without these things, the road would be impossible to drive on... So do your part
and obey traffic rules and regulations.
Lastly, a driver should be patient, courteous, and skilful all at the same time. A
person in good nature is similar to a safe person.
Only authorized Drivers shall be allowed to drive specific vehicles. His competency
and government certification shall be monitored by the ‘Transport in-charge’. The
driver shall only allow passengers who are either company personnel, have
authorization from operations management or related to the vehicle’s travel
itinerary.
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Responsibility
The material man shall be responsible for planning unloading, storage and
distribution of all materials. Once the materials have been delivered to the end-
user, the end-user shall be responsible for safely handling the materials.
It is recognized that many areas of operations work cannot employ mechanized
assistance for material handling in view of its impracticality. Such guidelines can
be referred to the JSA for Material Handling.
Grabbing timber, racks or pallets shall be used to ensure that all materials are
stored off the ground.
Protection shall be provided for materials such as cement, insulation and other
bulk materials as this should be damaged by moisture.
In construction, material handling is most critical during transfer of construction
related items from one position to another, i.e., withdrawal from warehouse,
retrieving from stack pile or cabinet, transferring from the store to project site,
etc. Material handling task may look simple, but injuries are most possible for a
number of reasons:
o The materials have sharp or pointed edges.
o The materials are loose or not properly packaged, or
o The packaging is too heavy or too bulky to be lifted by one person.
o The materials may need some extra precautions (PPEs) like toxic
chemicals, highly flammable or explosive materials, etc.
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Take note that common injuries resulting from improper material handling goes
from cuts, bruises, lump, back injury, and many more depending on the
situation.
Here are some tips on proper material handling.
o Follow correct lifting technique for manual lifting.
o Never let workers overexert themselves when lifting. If the load is thought to
be more than one person can handle, assign another person or more to the
job!
o Lift gradually, w/o jerking, to minimize the effects of acceleration.
o Keep the load close to the body so as not to strain your back.
o Lift w/o twisting the body.
o Follow the six-step lifting procedure:
1. Keep feet parted - one alongside, one behind the object
2. Keep back straight, nearly vertical
3. Tuck your chin in
4. Grip the object w/ the whole hand
5. Tuck elbows & arms in
6. Keep body weight directly over feet
o It has been recommended that manual (by arm) lifting should stay within
25kg per person (hence, a 50kg item should be lifted by at least two
people).
o Use mechanical lifters as much as possible. Jack pallets, hoists, cranes,
forklifts and others are designed for this purpose.
o Ensure material packaging is not loose and without sharp or pointed edges.
o Manual material handling in relation to transportation or relocation of
operations materials and equipment shall be taken in to consideration,
including the correct and applicable use of four significant points in proper
lifting which are:
o Good Grip, get a firm grip on the object
o Back kept straight (does not carry burden of lifting)
o Feet apart the width of the hips
o Arms – kept close as possible to the body
o Inspect materials for slivers, jagged edges, burrs, rough or slippery surfaces
o Keep fingers away from pinch points, especially when putting materials
down
o When handling lumber, pipe or other long objects, keep hands away from
the ends to prevent them from being pinched
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o Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery, or dirty objects before trying to handle them
o Keep hands free of oil & grease
o Completely empty the container before discarding
o Use only as much as you need
o Order or withdraw from the warehouse only as much as you need
o Keep track of the amount and type of waste that you generate
o Practice good housekeeping. (Prevent spills)
o Prepare for the possibility of spills
o Clearly mark containers with the words “HAZARDOUS WASTE”
o Store waste in compatible containers that are in good condition
o Keep containers closed except when you fill or empty them
o Do not mix hazardous and non-hazardous waste together
o Keep different types of hazardous waste separate
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may even force a company to shut down. Hence, enforcing safety precautions
and proper handling are very essential in preventing these accidents.
Simple safety precautions in handling of cylinders can minimize accidents
involving gas cylinders. The following points can serve as useful tips for
reducing accidents involving handling of cylinders.
Do not roll or drop cylinders. Secure cylinders during movement.
LPG, acetylene cylinders should be kept in upright position.
Protect cylinders from sun and rain.
Keep valve caps/guards on unused cylinders.
Valve or relief device repairs to be done only by qualified people.
Regularly check cylinder valves for leaks.
Use pressure reducing devices when drawing gas from cylinders.
Leak arresting devices should be readily available to contain leaks of
cylinders for flammable/toxic gas.
Use appropriate devices for lifting cylinders.
Cylinders with damaged valves should be returned to the supplier.
Use gas only from a cylinder provided with clear identification.
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All these materials shall be duly collected in dedicated containers and disposed
off at officially approved dumping areas.
All operations connected with changing/ refuelling of oil, fuel and chemical/
solvents/ additives shall be done inside areas whose surface is prepared to
avoid dispersion and allow the cleaning of eventual spills.
Hazardous materials load shall be isolated as much as possible or shall not be
combined with load materials which may react violently with the substances.
Handling of hazardous materials shall only be done under approved working
conditions using approved safety equipment and safety gears.
Storage of hazardous materials shall be in isolated areas and kept clear of
combustion sources within at least 50feet. Provisions shall be made to control
and contain possible spillage and contamination.
There are chemicals in existence and hundreds of new ones supplies every year.
Flammable fluids are those fluids that can produce a flammable in air at ambient
temperature or having a flash point of 35 degree or lower. Almost all of them are
useful for a purpose, however, all of them can be harmful to man when dealing
with potentially hazardous chemical, precaution should be taken to ensure that the
employee do not swallow it or inhale it with the air they breath or allow it remains in
contact with the skin.
When the chemical is no longer needed, a safe means of disposal must be
provided. Flammable gases in cylinders shall be segregated from other materials
preferable in an open, well-ventilated area. Oxidizing gases should be stored
separately. The hazardous nature of a materials is related to the manner is which it
is transported, stored, or used, the materials with which it may come in contact,
and how it is disposed.
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Transfer operation should be carried out with funnels and there should be no
naked flame with in 6 meters or 20 feet of the operation.
Training guidelines
All employees shall be trained not to handle chemicals and materials which
they do not have authorization nor sufficient training in handling specific
chemicals and materials.
All employees shall be instructed, during tool box meetings, to avoid mixing of
the various types of chemicals which are not within their work procedure.
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3.9.1 General
Abrasive blasting is a recognize method of cleaning equipment and material. The
used of abrasive blasting vary from heavy industrial cleaning of iron and steel
casting, pipes and similar materials to the application of decorative finishes on
various materials. Proper safety procedure must be followed during abrasive
blasting operation.
The abrasive blasting operator shall wear an air supplied hood approved for
abrasive blasting. Dust filter respirator shall not be used in-lieu-of the air supplied
hood. Personnel loading or unloading shipments of abrasives, tender of abrasive
blasting operations, maintenance personnel, clean-up crew or helpers shall use
approved dust- filter respirator when within range of rebound abrasive airborne
contaminant. The type of dust-filter respirator shall correspond to the specific air
borne hazard.
Dust-filter respirator shall not be used by helpers and blasting operation attendants
for continuous protection where silica sand is used as blasting abrasive or where
toxic materials such as lead, cadmium, manganese, and chromium are blasted.
Some of these toxic materials are components of paint and other surface coatings.
Self-contained or air supplied breathing apparatus shall be used. Respiratory inlet
covering (face pieces, helmets or hoods) and breathing tubes should be washed
and disinfected after each day or use. While not in use, the individual respirator
should be stored in separate plastic bags.
In addition to the usual hazard associated with operations activities, workers
engaged in surface preparation and paint application can be exposed to the
danger of fire, explosion, chemical burns, toxic fumes, dust and insufficient air.
ICOM shall subject its painters, grit and sand blasters to medical pulmonary test
conducted every two years and in accordance with Safety Requirements for
Abrasive Blast Cleaning, prior to performance of their duties.
The following guidelines are given:
Since the abrasive blasting operator cannot see or hear people approach him,
no one must be allowed within the range of the abrasive jet while it is operating.
Workers tending the abrasive blasting operation MUST NOT leave the
equipment unattended.
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The abrasive blasting nozzle must have a dead-man control that will shut off
the blow if the nozzle is dropped.
The nozzle and the coupling must be fitted to the hose so that the fitting will not
be weakened by the abrasive flow. Fitting must be positive to prevent
unplanned disengagement. Clamps must be used to secure hoses to fittings
Sand or dust shall not be allowed to accumulate and shall be cleaned up
regularly.
The blast nozzle shall be bonded and earthen to prevent the build-up of static
charges.
¼ chain or whip arrestor must be secure to prevent whiplash
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Airless spray gun operates at very high pressure in the range of 2000 to 2500 psi.
They are extremely hazardous, the aright which is strong enough to easily slice
through a man, is invisible. Operators and adjacent workmen must be thoroughly
aware of its potential destructive power. When the gun is not use, the safety catch
must be put on so that trigger cannot be pulled accidentally.
Inspection
The user shall inspect the respirator immediately prior to each use to ensure that it
is in proper working condition. After cleaning and sanitizing, each respirator shall
be inspected to determine if it is in proper working condition, if it needs
replacement of parts on repairs, or if it should be discarded.
Testing
Periodic carbon monoxide (CO) testing to ensure it meets the CGA Grade ‘D’,
breathing air tested to meet requirements.
Coatings
The nature of the coating of the surface to be blasted must be known in order to
make proper evaluation of the potential hazard. Coating containing toxic metal will
add to the potential seriousness of the dust exposure. Examples of coatings are
anti-fouling paints containing mercury, lead paints on structural steel, and cadmium
plating. Plating resin coating can be decomposed during blast cleaning operations.
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parts of the body not covered by the hood from the rebound abrasives or an
unintentional blast from the abrasive jet.
Workers tending the abrasive blasting operation or working within the range of
rebound abrasive or dust must filter respirators, eye protection, safety gloves,
and safety shoes.
Hearing protection must we worn by operator and attendant.
Workers who handle abrasive materials manually must wear approved dust
filter respirator.
Coverall goggles must be worn for abrasive dust that may affect the eyes.
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The above standards are based on compressed Air Gas Association Grade “D”
breathing Air
Work area shall be located downwind away from people and facilities to
prevent exposure to rebound abrasive and hazardous dust concentrate.
Enclosed work areas such as inside vessels, building excavation and other
shall be properly ventilated.
Flammable Materials
A fire and explosion hazard always exists when using solvent, especially in
confined areas. Adequate ventilation must be supplied. In paint system, it is
normally the solvent vapour that is flammable and generally the other components
are less dangerous and non-explosive. Solvents are usually petroleum based
hence the high flammability nature.
Fire hazard is usually associated with acrylic paints with petroleum thinners, not so
much with latex paints as they often use water as solvents. Smoking or the use of
open flame should not be permitted in the paint storage areas, paint mixing and
spraying areas.
All electrical lighting and equipment shall be explosion proof. Solvent and paint
shall not be applied to surfaces warmer then summer ambient temperature.
Paints and solvent used in project operation shall carefully consider the flash point
and the ambient temperature prevailing in the work area or locality, acknowledging
that danger is everywhere flammable liquids and solvents are in use.
Flammable Limits
Flammable limits shall be properly considered during painting and coating operations. The
lower and upper flammable limits define the range of vapor / air concentrations that are
potentially explosive.
3.9.7 Ventilation
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Ventilation is necessary because nearly all solvent vapours are heavier than air.
Therefore, they tend to settle to the lower level of confined or isolated areas, the
following guidelines should be considered:
Forced ventilation should be used, especially is small enclosure and always
during spray painting. Ventilation requirement are proportionately greater for
vessels smaller than 56,000 cu. ft. capacity than for larger vessels.
Mechanical or forced ventilation is needed during all spray painting operations
with the following conditions:
o Whenever opened solvent containers are located in enclosed areas
o In small enclosures during hand painting or solvent wiping
o Whenever solvent vapors are irritating to eyes, skin, lungs etc.
It should operate during paint application and continue until the coating is dry to
the touch.
The fresh air inlet should bear the top of the confined space. The discharge
opening should be located near the bottom and positioned to eliminate dead
space.
Supplementary fans may be needed to ensure good air circulation with no dead
air pockets in the vessel.
All work men should wear chemical cartridge respirator if outdoor or airline
hoods if inside a vessel.
The working area shall be kept clean and safe. Used abrasive shall be
removed without delay.
The abrasive shall not damage any adjacent items or equipment when
performing blast cleaning.
Flammable coating materials shall be mixed under sufficient fresh air circulation
blast cleaning only.
Explosion proof agitator shall be used for mixing of flammable coating
materials.
Warning sign shall be provided for all areas where flammable coating materials
will be stored, mixed or applied. The sign shall define that areas as hazardous
zone and shall prohibit smoking, open fire and welding.
Explosion proof, electrically powered equipment shall be used when using
flammable coating materials (especially in confined areas).
In closed areas (e.g. inside of tanks, etc.) sufficient ventilation shall be
provided.
The installation of the ventilation unit shall prevent unventilated corner. Special
precaution shall be taken for all vapours heavier than air.
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The air circulation shall be so designed that the solvent vapour content will be
at least 20% below the explosion limit. The contents of solvent vapour shall not
exceed 25% of the air volume.
The ventilation unit shall be designed and installed in such a manner that
condensation on the treated surface is prevented.
Toxicity
Most of the solvent contained in paints or used for cleaning are toxic in varying
degrees. The MSDS shall be referred to before any use in order to properly
safeguard any personnel from inherent toxicity.
The danger can arise from inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption; hence safety
precautions given by the MSDS or the solvent’s manufacturer shall be strictly
followed when using solvent. The working area shall be protected by warning sign.
Examples of acceptable solvents are aliphatic or aromatic solvent such as mineral
spirits and naphtha, enamel thinner, toluene, xylem, turpentine, and methyl is
obtusely ketone.
Examples of extremely toxic solvent are benzene, methyl, cellosolve, and all
chlorinated solvent such as carbon tetrachloride.
Permissible solvent for wiping include mineral spirit, standard solvent, petroleum
naphtha, turpentine, and toluene. Benzene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride and
chlorinated hydrocarbon are dangerous and must not be used.
Skin Irritation
The vapours from many solvents can cause mild to quite severe allergic skin
irritations. The alkaline catalysts used in many epoxy paint can cause severe
chemical burns if not washed off immediately with water.
Strong degreasing solvent such as ketoses and aromatic hydrocarbons remove
natural skin oils and promote skin cracking.
Adequate and readily available washing facilities should be provided on site so
that workmen do not have to use thinners and cleaners for washing up.
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particular area locations that clearly outline the action to all people to take while
working at these locations. The emergency reporting procedures provided CLIENT’s
Safety Management System form’s checklist shall be ready reference source of
information for employees to use for injury treatment, and the forms necessary to file
Injury and Accident Reporting and Investigation Reports.
Storage
No materials or equipment shall be stored under energized bus, energized lines, or
near energized equipment, if it is practical to store them elsewhere.
When materials or equipment are stored under energized lines or near energized
equipment, applicable clearances shall be maintained and extra-ordinary caution
shall be exercised when moving materials near such energized equipment.
Where hazard to employee exist, tag lines or other suitable devices shall be used
to control loads being handled by hoisting equipment.
Framing
During framing operations, employee shall not work under a pole or a structure
suspended by a crane, A frame, or similar equipment unless the pole or structure is
adequately supported.
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Ground Lead
A ground lead to be attached to either a tower ground or driven ground shall be
capable of conducting the anticipated fault current and shall have a minimum
conductance of No.2 AWG copper.
Overhead Lines
Prior to climbing poles, ladders, scaffold, or other elevated structures, an
inspection shall be make to determine that the structures are capable of sustaining
the additional or balanced stress to which they will be subjected.
Where poles or structures may be unsafe for climbing, they shall not be climbed
until made safe by guying, bracing or other adequate means.
Before installing or removing wire or cable, strains to which poles and structures
will be subjected shall be considered and necessary action taken to prevent failure
of supporting structures.
When setting, moving, or removing poles using cranes, debris, gin poles, A-frame,
or other mechanized equipment near energized lines or equipment, precaution
shall be taken to avoid contact with energized lines or equipment, except in bare-
hand-live line work, or where barriers or protective devices are used.
Unless using suitable protective equipment for the voltage involved, employees
standing on the ground shall avoid contacting equipment or machinery working
adjacent to energized equipment.
Lifting equipment shall be bonded to an effective ground or it shall be considered
energized and barricaded when utilized near energized equipment or lines.
Pole holes shall not be left unattended or unguarded in areas where employees
are currently working.
Taglines shall be of a nonconductive type when used near energized lines.
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When working in unstable materials provision shall be made for cleaning out auger-
type footing without requiring any employee to enter the footing unless shoring is used
to protect employee. A designated employee shall be used in directing mobile
equipment adjacent to footing excavations. No one shall be permitted to remain in the
footing while equipment is being spotted for placement.
Clearance of personnel
Work Stoppage
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the employee from the hazard of the conductor, the conductor being installed or
removed shall be grounded or provision made to insulate or isolate the employee.
If the existing line is de-energized, proper clearance authorization shall be secured
and the line grounded on both sides of the crossover or, the line being strung or
removed shall be considered and worked as energized.
When crossing over energized conductors in excess of 600 volts, rope nets or
guard structures shall be installed unless provisions is made to isolate or insulate
the workman or the energized conductor.
Where practical the automatic re-closing feature of the circuit interrupting device
shall be make in-operative.
In addition, the line being strung shall be grounded on either side of the crossover
or considered and worked as energized.
Conductors being strung in or removed shall be kept under positive control by the
used of adequate tension reels, guard structures, tie lines, or other means to
prevent accidental contact with energized circuits.
Guard structure members shall be sound and of adequate dimension and strength,
and adequately supported.
Catch-off anchor, rigging, and hoist shall be of ample capacity to prevent loss of
the lines.
The manufacturer’s load rating shall not be exceeded for stringing lines, pulling
lines, sock connections, and all, load bearing hardware and accessories.
Pulling lines and accessories shall be inspected regularly and replaced or repaired
when damaged or when dependability is doubtful.
Conductor grips shall not be used on wire rope unless designed for this
application. While the conductor or pulling line is being pulled (in motion) employee
shall not be permitted directly under overhead operations nor shall any employee
be permitted on the cross arm.
A transmission clipping crew shall have a minimum of two structured clipped in
between the crew and the conductor being sagged.
When working on the bare conductors, clipping and tying crews shall work
between grounds at all times.
The grounds shall remain in tack until the conductors are clipped, except on dead
structures. Except during emergency restoration procedures, work from structures
shall be discontinued when adverse weather (such as high wind) makes the work
hazardous.
Stringing and clipping operations shall be discontinued during the progress of an
electrical storm in the immediate vicinity.
Reel handling equipment, including pulling and braking machines shall have ample
capacity, operate smoothly, and be levelled and aligned in accordance with the
manufacturer’s operating instructions.
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Reliable communications between the reel tender and pulling rig operator shall be
provided. Each pulled shall be snubbed or dead ended at both end before
subsequent pulls.
Lighting or illumination is one of the most important factors in night time operations
work. A well illuminated work area will complement the requirement for visibility of
workers and also the visibility of work vehicles.
Safety in the work area, quality of work and morale of workers are all directly affected
by work area illumination.
Poorly illuminated work area will not only reduce the motivation of workers but also
increase the risk of unwanted incident/ accident. The requirements for illumination will
be determined in Lighting & Illumination Requirements.
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Receivers in coordination of Issuers & work supervisors shall ensure that hold tags
and lock outs are strictly enforced and so noted on the work permit. ICOM shall
establish a lockout and hold tag system compatible with existing Client systems and
specific area/Worksite Facilities.
3.12.2 Responsibilities
Supervisors
Approve lockout devices to be used for each type of equipment that may need to
be serviced.
Provide individual tags and key locks to each employee who will need to de-
energize equipment.
Use the proper procedure for locking/tagging out an electrical source or piece of
equipment.
Ensure the devices are kept in such a manner as to prevent use by other
employees.
Affected Employee
An employee whose job requires him/her to work in an area in which such servicing or
maintenance is being performed.
Comply with restrictions and limitation imposed upon them during lockout/tagout of
equipment or machinery.
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Electrical Procedures
– Shut off power on machine and disconnect.
– Lockout/tagout on disconnect sources.
– Press start button to ensure that energy source has been locked.
– Remember the keys points:
• If a machine or piece of equipment contains capacitors, they must be
drained of stored energy.
• Possible disconnecting sources include the power cord, power panels
• Look for primary & secondary voltage breakers, the operator’s station,
motor circuit, relays, limit switches, electrical interlocks.
Hydraulic/Pneumatic Procedures
– Shut off all energy sources (pumps & compressors).
– Lockout/tagout the valve on the pumps and compressors that supply energy to
more than one piece of equipment.
– Drain or bleed stored pressure from hydraulic/pneumatic lines during
lockout/tagout procedures.
– Make sure controls are returned to their safest position (off, stop, neutral, etc.).
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Extra precaution
– Know equipment and systems
• Understand equipment hazards
• Isolation points
• Procedures for lockout
Locks/tags must clearly identify the employees who applied them.
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Before altering any vehicular or pedestrian access, ICOM shall notify the Client
prior to work execution on forms provided & approved by the Client. ICOM shall
then request the alteration on forms provided Client.
Requests shall include reasons for the alteration, times, boundary limits, special
safety measures, proposed traffic rerouting widths of such route, and a map
detailing the above.
At no time shall security of the site be compromised. If for any reason ICOM finds it
necessary to breach any existing perimeter fences or walls, permission of the
Client’s Plant Operations shall first be obtained.
ICOM shall then request the alteration on forms provided by the Client. Requests
shall include:
The request shall also set forth details of repair of the wall or fences and shall
establish a timetable for completion of the repairs. The repaired wall or fence shall
be the same height as, and of comparable quality and appearance to the
previously existing operations.
The following shall be taken into consideration in preparing the proposed schedule of
operations operation if necessary to the working condition:
a. Identify Times when power outage may occur and number of hours in a single
period that the power may be off.
b. Identify if Standby Generator will be required during a period of Power outage.
c. Identify if the process flow may be reduced or stopped and the time and maximum
number hours this can occur.
d. Identify if temporary access or pedestrian is required
e. Identify if utilities to be relocated must remain in operation.
f. Identify if a time span is required between power or flow shutdown to allow system
recovery.
g. Identify if the Hydraulic capacity of the system must be maintained.
h. Identify if access to a specific structure or system that could become blocked
during operations activities must be maintained during the operations activities.
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Photography
During work interface, it shall be deemed prohibited to conduct picture taking within
Client premises, unless otherwise given specific permission on a particular location.
Possession and use of cameras in restricted industrial areas of the Client without
proper written authority shall not be allowed by ICOM project operations.
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3.14.1 Responsibilities
Process Engineer – receiving the request must question the method and where
possible raise with the issuer the possibility of other less hazardous methods.
Permit receiver – must review the job safety analysis and discount alternatives. The
permit requester must ensure that special procedures relevant to the job and relevant
material safety data sheets are provided to the cleaning/painting contractor.
Permit issuer – be satisfied that the JSA the layout sketch and the checklist are
adequate. They must instigate a safe work review if there is any deviation from any
specifications contained in this manual including deviation from the Australian
standards.
Work supervisor – receiving the permit must be satisfied that all hazards have been
identified and risks minimized and that the operators are qualified and able to carry
out the work.
Operators – carrying out the work must be satisfied that all hazards have been
identified and minimized. They must also be satisfied that the training they have
received is adequate for them to start the job. They are responsible for compliance
with their own company’s written procedures contained in this manual.
Everyone involved – must be prepared to stop the work if they become aware of any
change to the agreed procedure or change in circumstances. They must also cease
the work immediately a malfunction occurs or immediately an unauthorised or
adequately protected person enters the barricaded area.
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4. The pumping unit should be located to minimize the length of hoses required.
Considerations should be given to the distance from operating equipment. Select a
location that does not require running hoses through an active access way or work
area. Care must be taken to protect hoses from damage by vehicular traffic hot
lines/equipment or external abrasion.
5. The pumping unit must be equipped with a safety valve and/or rupture disc
capable of rapidly relieving the full capacity of the pump.
6. The operating pressure of the high pressure hose and fittings must comply with
AS/NZS 4233.1. Hoses should be inspected before each job and tested according
the requirements of that standard. Hoses must be tagged with the latest test date
and test pressure.
7. Quick connect/disconnect fittings are not permissible for use for hydro blasting
hose connections must have a secondary joining mechanism otherwise called a
hose restrainer to prevent whipping if the connection is broken.
8. Blasting equipment must be grounded to minimise static electric build-up.
Equipment being blasted must also be grounded.
9. Minimum length of the shotgun barrel is 1.2m. If this is not practical a safe work
review will be required (comprising appropriate personnel) before allowing use of
a shorter barrel.
10. Shotguns shall be equipped with a single hand trigger switch as a minimum and
double triggers as required. The double-action switches should be positioned so
that both the operators hand are required to initiate high pressure water flow and
hence water pressure will drop off cease if either switch is released.
Note: A pressure regulator or dump valve that will immediately dump all the water
pressure when the control is released is the only approved fail safe control.
11. Whenever there is ANY likelihood of the cleaning device exiting the equipment
being cleaned than a mechanical anti-withdrawal device MUST be used. These
are described in section 9. Only anti-withdrawal devices approved by qenos may
be used.
12. It is permissible to use rigid lances where the operator is in control of the foot pedal
or r\safety trigger.
13. When lancing a foot or hand operated fail safe control with guard must be
manipulated by the lance operator. In some operations such as lancing exchanger
tubes or line moleing, another person may be used to assist with the lance or
hose. Only the lance operator (person nearest the working end of the lance)
should operate the fail safe device.
14. All equipment being cleaned must be unable to move and secured if necessary.
In particular, where a trestle is used for supporting a heat exchanger, ensure that
there is no possibility of the exchanger rolling off.
15. When cleaning exchanger tubes or small bore or fixed tube or piping, it is
permissible to use starter bars. The minimum length of starter bars required is 300
mm. In this case, an anti-withdrawal device is not required.
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16. At no time should the fail-safe control be tied down or locked into position. Injury
could result if the fail-safe is bypassed or locked.
17. Starter bar rods, longer in length than the diameter of the pipe, will be used when
using a tube nozzle (line moling) to cleaning large bore piping. A starter bar rod is
a rigid piece of pipe affixed to a line mole (tube nozzle) to prevent reversing of the
mole in the line
Hard hat
Face shield
Hearing protection
Heavy duty rain suit or hydro blasting suit
Rubber gloves, except during flex-lancing where operator safety is
compromised by handling difficulties caused by the gloves.
Rubber boots with steel caps
Other equipment, as required if a hazardous chemical is involved
The operator must wear a face mask when cleaning heat exchangers that have
been in cooling water service. This is to protect from the possibility of legionella
infection.
3.14.4 Housekeeping
During cleaning operations, accumulations of materials may form at the pipe/tube
openings. Work should be stopped and the materials removed when a safe work
position or working surface cannot be maintained.
This is particularly important where the work area is confined, confined working on
platforms and scaffolds and where material debris may accumulate from the
cleaning process.
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When and where it is possible all high pressure cleaning operators will have
completed the training recommended by the Client.
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Since sand tires have a larger diameter than standard tires, speedometer readings will
not be accurate.
Unless the vehicle speedometer has been corrected to account for the oversize tires,
the driver should remember that he is travelling approximately 10-15% faster than the
speedometer reading.
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11. Check the wheels for rim damage. Make sure the wheels are not buckled or out of
alignment and wheel lug nuts are in place and secure on the rim.
12. If the vehicle is fitted with a trailer, the coupling must be intact and working
correctly. The trailer should have safety coupling chains, rear brake lights, turn
signals, tail lights and rear license plate lights.
13. Make sure that the inside and outside rear view mirrors are clean, adjusted,
secured and undamaged.
14. Check that the windshield wiper blades are in good condition, and operate
properly. Inspect the rear window wiper, if fitted.
15. The windshield washer should work properly and there should be water in the
washer container.
16. The speedometer should be in good working order.
17. Check the following fluids for leaks and proper levels, especially in hot weather.
Radiator coolant
Oil
Brake fluid
Transmission oil (checked with engine running)
Distilled water for the battery
18. The vehicle’s horn must be operational.
19. The list of equipment carry out during the off road and desert driving are as follow
First aid kit / Medicine
Fire Extinguisher
Road flare/Reflective triangle
Jumper cables
Tow strap
Water Jag w/ Water
Folding shovel
Life Hammer
Portable Air Compressor
Hydraulic Jack
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No person may operate, clean, maintain, or repair any cartridge tool without
possessing a certificate of competency, issued by an accredited tool vendor or
manufacturer's representative, which identifies the particular model that the person is
qualified to handle.
There are two main types of cartridge tools:
1. Where the explosion from the cartridge fires the device down the barrel and into
the work. This type produces a muzzle velocity similar to a small calibre fire arm
and should be handled with the same respect as a gun. Injury can cause 1500 ft.
away from the tools.
2. Where the explosion from the cartridge sets on a piston which in turn impels the
fixing device in to the work. This type is only 25 % as powerful as the above but
serious injury can still be caused by mishandling this type of tool.
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Whenever cartridge tools are being used, the area around the operation should be
cleared of other personnel.
If possible screen should be erected as a precaution against splintering.
Cartridge tools shall not be used where there is a risk of fire or explosion.
Cartridge tools operator should wear face and ear protection.
Before using the tool, the worker should inspect it to determine that it is clean, that
all moving parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstructions.
The tool should not be loaded unless it is to be used immediately. A loaded tool
should not be left unattended, especially where it would be available to
unauthorized persons.
To prevent the tool from firing accidentally, two separate motions are required for
firing: one to bring the tool into position, and another to pull the trigger.
The tools must not be able to operate until they are pressed against the work
surface with a force of at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.
If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should wait at least 30 seconds,
and then try firing it again.
If it still will not fire, the user should wait another 30 seconds so that the faulty
cartridge is less likely to explode, than carefully remove the load. The bad cartridge
should be put in water.
Suitable eye and face protection are essential when using a powder-actuated tool.
The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered
perpendicularly on the barrel, to confine any flying fragments, or particles that
might otherwise create a hazard when the tool is fired.
The tool must be designed so that it will not fire unless it has this kind of safety
device.
All powder-actuated tools must be designed for varying powder charges, so that
the user can select a powder level, necessary to do the work without excessive
force.
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If the tool develops a defect during use it should be tagged. and taken out of
service immediately until it is properly repaired.
3.16.4 Fasteners
When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners, there are some precautions to
consider. Fasteners must not be fired into material that would let them pass through
to the other side. The fastener must not be driven into materials like brick or concrete
any closer than 3 inches to an edge or corner. In steel, the fastener must not come
any closer than one-half inch from a corner or edge. Fasteners must not be driven
into very hard or brittle materials which might chip or splatter, or make the fastener
ricochet. An alignment guide must be used when shooting a fastener into an existing
hole. A fastener must not be driven into a spelled area caused by an unsatisfactory
fastening.
3.17.1 Definitions
Trench - A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the
depth is greater than the width and the width does not exceed 15 feet.
NOTE: For the purposes of this policy and OSHA requirements, the same
requirements apply to all excavations, including trenches.
The competent person must have had specific training in, and be knowledgeable of
the applicable standards. ICOM shall ensure that the competent person has
appropriate training has full knowledge and capable of identifying existing and
predictable hazards in excavation work or take prompt corrective measures.
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Angle Of Repose - The greatest angle above the horizontal plane at which a material
lie without sliding.
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d
d
Type C Soil – Least cohesive soil, example are gravel, sand, muddy
freely seeping soils, submerged rock that is not stable, or layered.
disturbed system. Previously disturbed soil is Type C soil.
d
1
1.5
1.5 d
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13. The "Competent Person" must inspect the job site prior to beginning the
excavation and prior to actual work within the excavation. Additionally, daily
inspections must be conducted on all safety and support systems and more
frequent inspections after rainfall and other unusual circumstances that may pose
additional hazards for the employees.
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incorporated into any welding operation by completing a "HOT WORK PERMIT" and
checklist. This form shall be signed by the workers and the "Competent Person"
and/or supervisor, and attached to the excavation permit form. One copy shall be
retained by the "Competent Person" and one copy shall be forwarded to the Client’s
Safety Office.
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INSTRUCTIONS: Submit this report to the Emergency Response Manager, copy furnished to CLIENT Project Representative
and Safety Adviser. For critical and serious emergencies, the following information should be faxed or phoned immediately to the
mentioned CLIENT officials and the concerned facility operations owner.
General Information
Areas/locations affected:
Emergency Response:
Available Yes ___ No ___ , if yes, which ERT
___________________________________________
Injuries Yes __ No ___
If yes, how many _____, details of injured personnel:
Name Position/ ID # Injury Action Taken
1.
2.
3.
Other Facilities Contacted for assistance:
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Description Of Accident:
Witness Statement(s)
Signed:______________________________________________________________Badge No:________________________
Date Of Report:________________________________________________
Name (Printed):_____________________________________________________________________
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a. Crane
b. Loader
c. Bull dozer
d. Back Hoe
e. Etc.
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INSTRUCTIONS:
1 Rate each category line item from 3 HIGH to 1 LOW. Subtract 1 point for each deficiency/violation. Zero (0) points for Lacking or N/A Not Applicable.
SR. POINTS
WORK PRACTICES SCORE % CONDUCTED BY DATE / TIME REMARKS
NO. AWARDED
1 HOUSE KEEPING
Work areas clean & organized. Area free of protruding nails, walkways unobstructed, trash
a
bins available & maintained, dust control, oil containment in place. 3 0
Material storage areas organized, safe access provided with physical barriades, entry/exit
b
identified, faded warning tape replaced. 3 0
Area free of tripping hazards, cords, hoses routed away from walkways or elevated 2m &
c
flagged for visibility. 3 0
d Rebar ends protected with caps 3 0
e Adequate number of toilets available and maintained in a clean and sanitary condition
including paper towel 3 0
f Safety signage posted in appropriate locations & containers labeled 3 0
g Water fascility on site. 3 0
a Approved hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection, face shields, safety foot wear. All
maintained and worn properly. 3 0
b Clear safety glasses worn inside buildings and poorly illuminated work area 3 0
Face shield worn during welding, burning, grinding, chipping, chemical handling drilling,
c
concrete pouring. 3 0
d Proper foot protection worn for job performed (steel toed rubber boots for concrete) 3 0
e Other; respirators, gloves, chemical resistant garments. 3 0
b Crane bears third party inspection sticker, using outriggger mats and softeners used as
required. 3 0
c
Certified riggers equipped with an Orange Hi-visibility vest and using whistle when required. 3 0
d Approved lift plan developed and available, and proper rigging techniques used. 3 0 NO HEAVY LIFTING AT SITE
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d All protective safety guards and torque handles secured and used. Tools properly carried,
stored and maintained. The right tool is being used and used correctly for the task. 3 0
Couplings of pneumatic or hydraulic hose connections properly secured. Pneumatic hoses
e
fitted with whipcheck arrestors or secured with a safety wire. 3 0
Stationary fuel driven equipment (Generators and Compressor etc.) bears the Third party
f Inspection Sticker. Hearing protection safety signs posted near high intensity noise
generating equipment. 3 0
g When required all material is secured and work benches utilized. 3 0
h
Proper adjustment on work rest and wheels properly dressed on bench grinders. 3 0
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DEMERIT SCORING
1 Nearmiss 1 0 1
GRAND TOTAL 1 0 1
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GREGORIAN HEGIRA
NAME CLIENT EXPIRY DATE SAG LIC EXP. CLIENT EQUIPMENT
ID NO. DATE CERT. NO. AUTHORIZE
MO DA YR MO DA YR D TO
OPERATE
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REVIEWER INFORMATION
REVIEWED BY Supvr. or above (Name/Title/Badge Number) Date:
Distribution: Original – Department files 1 Copy – Facility Division Head 1 Copy – Area Loss Prevention Division (for
serious near miss only)
_______________________________ __________
The Contractor Project Manager Date
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EMPLOYEE
I acknowledge that I have been thoroughly trained to perform as a competent person in the area of ___(Type of Work)____, for
____(The Contractor)____ and I understand that I have the responsibility and authority to correct hazards and to stop work in the event
of an imminent danger situation.
Solid Waste
Used Oil
Combustible Waste
Food Stuff
Scrap Metal
Expired Chemicals
Expired Medicines
Cotton Rags
Glass
Plastic Scrap
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Paints
Empty Batteries
Wastewater
Camp Wastewater
Process Wastewater
Water Consumption
Oil Spills
Oil Spills
Energy/Fuel Consumption
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2 Electric shock Is the equipment isolated? Is it tagged? Is it locked? Did you try to start
Precautions it? All electrical sources isolated? Capacitors? Batteries? Static
electricity? High-voltage sources?
9 Vibration If vibration is to be expected, are all fittings tight and protected from
loosening?
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13 Weather Will the expected weather affect the safety of the job, i.e.:
Sandstorm, lightning, and rain.
14 Hot/Cold In cold areas of the plant, has provision been made to warm the
Objects equipment safe for human interface?
In hot areas of the plant, has provision been made to cool the
equipment safe for human interface?
Are sources protected from human contact?
Electrical? Steam? Flames? Solar? Cryogenic materials?
17 Mental Stress Are the persons performing the work free from outside stress?
18 Environmental Will the job release harmful elements to the environment (air, Soil, and
Concerns drains)?
Are precautions known to prevent release?
Is the approved disposal method available?