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Alternative energy is a term used for an

energy source that is an alternative to using


fossil fuels. Generally, it indicates energies
that are non-traditional and have low
environmental impact.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

(i) Biomass
(ii) Geothermal
(iii) Solar energy
(iv) Wind energy
(v) Wave Power

Alternative energy sources provide many benefits. Renewable


energy development can create quality jobs and promote economic
development, especially in rural areas. If used to diversify utility
resource portfolios, alternative energy technologies can provide a
hedge against rising fuel prices and can be valuable risk
management tools.
While some renewable energy resources are not always available
(that is, the wind does not always blow and the sun does not
always shine), the technologies perform reliably when the "fuel" is
available. In this regard, they can add to the reliability of the
electricity grid, especially for businesses in which power outages
are extremely costly.

At the point of use, solar and wind technologies are emissions-free.


This makes them attractive from an environmental standpoint. An
additional environmental benefit could be the "brightfields"
concept: installing clean energy technology-related businesses in
environmentally blighted areas (brownfields).

Finally, selected applications of energy efficiency and renewable


energy technologies can enhance the disaster resiliency of
communities and individual structures. For example, roof- or skid-
mounted solar electric systems can provide needed power to
hospitals, fire stations, police departments, gas stations, national
guard armories, etc. in the sunny days that follow destructive
storms.

Environmental Benefits

Alternative energy technologies have significant environmental


benefits. Solar and wind technologies are emissions-free at the
point of use; emissions from biomass are lower than comparable
conventional fuels; and energy efficiency, by definition, reduces
energy consumption, which results in fewer emissions.
Consequently, these technologies can contribute to least-cost
strategies to meet emissions reduction standards and comply with
air quality regulations.
If future environmental regulations include carbon dioxide,
renewable and energy efficiency technologies can provide a
cushion for states and utilities. This could serve as a hedge against
possible litigation, as conventional energy production and
consumption contribute significantly to carbon dioxide emissions.

Renewable energy technologies also have minimal impact on water


resources. They do not discharge pollutants into surface water, and
toxins do not seep into groundwater. Cooling water is not required
for solar and wind technologies — an important consideration in
arid or semiarid states, or where riparian rights are contested.

Environmental impacts may translate into health considerations.


Organizations such as the American Lung Association study the
effects of environmental conditions on human health and the
resulting health care costs.

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