BIOREFINERIES
DR NIK RAIKHAN NIK HIM
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (EH220)
PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WASTE PAPER
NAME ID SEMESTER
It denotes the significant, renewable liquid fuel used for motor vehicles. Chemical composition of
lignocellulosic materials is a key factor disturbing efficiency of biofuel manufacture during
conversion processes. The structural and chemical composition of lignocellulosic materials is
highly inconstant because of genetic and environmental influences and their interactions.
When using waste paper as a feedstock in ethanol manufacturing, it can reduce
greenhouse gas emission and also reducing the waste resulting saving space for landfill.
According to EPA, paper makes up about 28% of solid trash in landfills. Most of the newspaper
readers, they will remove newspaper without any taking of benefits from this materials. In
additional, using waste paper can helps environment and also economically responsible.
2.0 SENTIVITY ANALYSIS ON PROCESS ANALYSIS
The way to analyse the parameter is to investigate the influence on the process as it being
economical. Below are some parameters that need to be reconsidered in the process:
1. Solid loading in saccharification, fermentation efficiency, anaerobic digestion efficiency.
2. Xylan conversion efficiency in DA pre-treatment in the state-of-the-art process for paper
to bioethanol
The process parameter and their range are listed in Table 1. 15% (w/w) of solid loading
saccharification was used in the base line scenarios. A higher loading at 20% (w/w) was set in
the sensitive analysis. The pulp time for this loading in for this loading is reported as 30 min and
energy consumption is 15kE/dry tonne [22]. Sugar yield in saccharification archived at these
various solid loading was assumed anchanged.
For fermentation, xylose conversion efficiency is reported in varying from 76% to 80%
while those mannose and galactose vary from 0% to 40% [25]. The data used in the basedline
scenarios are the higher of the experimental data.
3.1 PRETREATMENT
3.1.1.1 MILLING
Usually milling will be reconsidered as the first step of pretreatment there are many type of milling
and grind are use in production of bioethanol. At the end of the particle size will reduce to 10-30
mm and 0.2-2 mm, respectively [30]. The most important drawback of milling is that it consume
high energy consumption.
𝑊1 − 𝑊2
= 𝑆𝑃𝐸𝐶𝐼𝐹𝐼𝐶 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑉𝐼𝑇𝑌
𝑊3 − 𝑊1
Where,
W1= empty weight of specific gravity bottle
W2=weight of sample+ specific gravity of bottle
W3=weight of distilled water + specific gravity of bottle
Bioethanol production in pulp and paper industry is presented below. The steps of the process
are schematically in Figure 1.2
From the results the highest glucose and xylose yields which are important part in producing
bioethanol are come from office paper. It is probably due to low lignin content in office paper which
is 5.78% and shorter fibres compare to other types of paper. Same as cardboard who had second
highest glucose yields which contain low lignin compare with newspaper and magazine therefore
a higher potential for enzyme accessibility. The less yields of glucose for magazine and
newspapers probably due to its relatively high impurities content such coatings and paper fillers
(Wang et al., 2013).
5.4 FERMENTATION
This steps is last step before bioethanol will be produce from the waste papers. In this steps also
have varieties of methods. For the first method was carried out using commercially available
yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH of hydrolysed broth was adjusted to 4.6 and an
inoculum of active yeast (in log phase) was added to the hydrolysed broth. The fermentation was
carried out at 360 oC until maximum sugars are converted into bioethanol (Byadgi & Kalburgi,
2016). Another method are using of the sugar-containing hydrolyzate to produce bioethanol was
carried out in a laboratory fermentor “Biostat A Plus” (Sartorius AG) using the yeast of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 35°C for 3 days (Ioelovich, 2014).
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
In conclusions, biological treatments is the best pretreatment for waste paper by using high-boiling
solvents. Among the high-boiling point solvent EG was consider in this process as it have much
lower viscosity than other solvent. In addition, for this process do not need high pressure
equipment and have ability to enhance enzymatic digestibility which can easier removal of
additives in waste paper such inks and fillers (Lee, Cho, Kim, & Kim, 2010).
8.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Gratefully acknowledge to University Technology Mara (UiTM) for let us conduct a
research on this topic and given opportunity expose this course.
9.0 REFERENCES
Adrian. (2008). Production of fuel ethanol from corn. Corn-based fuel ethanol project, 1-19.
Balat, M. (2015). Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Wastes: Current Status and Future Prospects.
Springer Link, 175-206.
Loelovich, M. (2014). Waste Paper as Promising Feedstock for Production of Biofuel. Science
Domain, 905-916.