Disaster Day Briefing Document

8th International Medical Summer School
1st to 5th August 2016

University Place, University of Manchester
Disaster Day Briefing Document
4th August 2016 (Thursday)
Overview:
This day is intended to provide you with an understanding of disaster management using the WHO
Model. In the morning, you will receive lectures from clinicians and academics who are part of the
World Health Organization. World Health Organization, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
and the Humanitarianism and Conflict Response Institute at the University of Manchester. These
lectures have been tailored to give you a unique insight into global health and medical
humanitarianism outside what is currently offered by mainstream medical curricula. The speakers
will present on subjects ranging from natural disasters to maternal and newborn global health.
In the afternoon, you will work in pairs and consider how your respective countries (the list will be
sent to you shortly) and NGOs can contribute in the following areas:
• The immediate healthcare needs of the victims of the disaster, with special attention given
to the provision of assistance in treatment strategies in relation to this disaster.
• The best way to establish the medical infrastructure required, given the immediate needs of
those affected by the disaster.
• The most appropriate way to implement preventative healthcare strategies in order to
avert the outbreak of diseases in the aftermath of the disaster.
• The most suitable means of communication in order to exchange important messages with
the population of the affected area.
• The solutions to problems caused by the differing cultural norms and sensitivities in regards
to medical strategies and the treatment of the victims whilst continuing to effectively
manage the medical issues arising from the situation.
THE COUNTRY YOU ARE REPRESENTING WILL BE SENT TO YOU

SHORTLY.
Doctors Academy Group (Intl) is the parent organisation that incorporates Doctors Academy Educational Programmes, Doctors Academy Courses, DoctorExams (www.doctorexams.co.uk), Doctors Academy Publications, World Journal of
Medical Education and Research (www.wjmer.com), International Medical Summer School (Manchester, UK), International Academic and Research Conference (UK), Centre for Studies in Wound Care and Burns (India) and Student Doctors
Academy. Contact: UK Division: Doctors Academy, 189 Whitchurch Road, Cardiff, CF14 3JR, South Glamorgan, UK. Indian Division: Doctors Academy, DA House, TC 55/381(1), Trivandrum, 695018, India.T: +44 (0) 29 2061 676; +91 (0) 471
2490331/2490338; Skype: Doctors.Academy; Facebook and Twitter: DoctorsAcademy
www.doctorsacademy.org
THE COUNTRY YOU ARE REPRESENTING WILL BE SEND TO YOU
SHORTLY.
Lecturing Faculty:
Professor Matthews Matthai MD MObstet PhD FRCOG, Chair in Maternal

and Newborn Health at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and
Coordinator of the Epidemiology, Monitoring and Evaluation Team in
WHO's Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health
Professor Matthews Mathai MD, MObstet PhD FRCOG: Professor Matthai completed his basic and
postgraduate medical training in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Christian Medical College,
Vellore, followed by further training at the University of Liverpool in foeto-maternal medicine. He
was awarded a PhD in International Health by the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and is a Fellow ad
eundem of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. He has worked in many
countries in Asia and the Pacific, training health workers in reproductive health, particularly in
maternal and perinatal care. Matthews Mathai is an expert in global maternal and perinatal
health. Until recently, as Coordinator of the Epidemiology, Monitoring and Evaluation Team in
WHO's Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, he led the
implementation of Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) and development of the
WHO Stillbirth and Neonatal Death review tool. He has taught and undertaken research at Liver-
pool School of Tropical Medicine for several years and currently chairs the Centre for Maternal and
Newborn Health.
Dr Gemma Sou BA MA PhD, Lecturer in Disaster Management at

Humanitarianism and Conflict Response Institute, University of
Manchester
Dr Sou graduated with a BA in International Relations and Politics at the University of Sheffield (2008).
She subsequently moved to to Manchester to complete an MA in Urban Planning with specialism in
cities of the Global South (2009) and a PhD in the Global Development Institute at the University of
Manchester (2014). She has worked for BBC Worldwide, the ESRC and DFID, the Ford Foundation,
Goldsmiths University of London, The Natural Environment Research Council, the World Bank and
UNOY Peacebuilders, based in The Hague. She has undertaken field research in Bolivia and
Nicaragua and is currently planning to begin research on Ebola-affected areas of Sierra Leone. She
researches and teaches on media representations of humanitarianism, particularly issues related to
ethics and power, as well as how culture of both disaster-affected communities and humanitarian
organisations affect humanitarian intervention.
Dr Anisa Jafar MBChB(e) MRCP MCEM MPH, Emergency Medicine
Registrar at Royal Bolton Hospital and Honorary Research Fellow at
Humanitarianism and Conflict Response Institute, University of
Manchester
Dr Jafar graduated from the University of Manchester in 2008. Since then she has followed an
academic clinical training route down to London and through to Liverpool for the Diploma in
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, over to South Africa for a rural medical placement, and now back
up to Manchester as an Academic Clinical Fellow (ACF) in emergency medicine. She is currently
undertaking her ACF with the HCRI and studies a part-time Masters in Public Health. Her research
interests include early warning scoring in emergency departments and medical record-keeping in
sudden onset disasters. She plans to undertake a PhD in the near future in combination with her
further clinical training as an emergency physician.
Professor Matthai and Dr Jafar will join us in the afternoon to provide their expertise during the Model
World Health Organization (WHO) Assembly. This is the time when you and your fellow delegates will
simulate the WHO response to a novel crisis.
WHAT WILL THE MODEL ‘WHO’ ASSEMBLY INVOLVE?
Further in this document, you will find a fictional scenario which you and your fellow delegates will
treat as a real, pressing crisis. You will work as members of The United Nation’s
World Health Organisation committee in order to try and solve this crisis (for more information on the
WHO, please see http://www.who.int/about/en/). You will be paired with another delegate and
both of you given a country to represent. At the beginning of the session, you will be shown a short
demonstration. We will provide session chairs to help you throughout the debate and facilitate the
discussion. At the assembly, you will have the opportunity to present your country’s views on the
issue at hand and to try to come up with resolutions alongside your fellow delegates.
Crisis Situation
The WHO simulation will focus on a coastal earthquake and tsunami crisis in the Brazilian city of Rio
de Janeiro during the Olympic Games. Rio de Janeiro is a city built around the plains on the west of
Guanabara Bay, housing roughly 11.5 million citizens, with a further half a million visitors expected
to be visiting for the Olympic Games. The timing of the disaster means that there will be many more
people in the city than usual. Furthermore, these people will be of many different
nationalities and cultures.
The disaster has struck the city of Rio de Janeiro at the worst possible time. The combination of an
earthquake and a tsunami has not only resulted in major damage to the infrastructure and
buildings but has also caused widespread flooding. The initial earthquake produced relatively few
casualties in the affluent areas of the city but it created mass panic, causing people to evacuate
the buildings. Whilst only a few of the less structurally sound, modern buildings collapsed, many
more were damaged beyond immediate safe use. The unregulated building in the Favelas caused
the buildings to collapse on a much greater scale. Fortunately, these buildings are of lighter
construction than the regulated modern structures and the level of casualties was therefore not as
high as it would have been if the buildings were more heavily built. The injuries caused in the Favelas
were mostly due to falling masonry and debris. The majority of other injuries were burns injuries which
resulted from fires started by damaged gas and electricity systems.
Due to the earthquake, many roads are now difficult to use and travel within the city is extremely
slow. Many raised roadways have been damaged beyond use and the major bridge which
stretches across the bay has partially collapsed into the water. As a precaution to prevent the wider
spread of fire, the city's electric and gas systems have been shut down.
Fortunately, the surviving hospitals have generator power and are being supplied with fuel for these
as a priority. The majority of hospitals are still standing. However, approximately half have been
damaged to such an extent that they are only able to provide care for those suffering from minor
injuries and lacerations rather than more serious injuries. The hospitals which were not damaged are
currently struggling to cope with the large number of moderate and major injuries.
The tsunami has caused a great number of moderate, blunt impact trauma injuries. This was due to
the debris in the water that washed through the city blocks nearest the coastline. The affected
people are those who had not been injured in the initial earthquake and had evacuated the
buildings for fear of collapse. A smaller number of serious trauma injuries were caused to those
nearer to the coast as they were hit by faster moving water and thrown into buildings and other
large objects.
The majority of initial casualties in this disaster were a result of the tsunami since the initial
earthquake caused people to panic and evacuate the buildings. They were therefore stood in the
streets when the tsunami wave struck shortly after. Many areas of the city are now inundated with
salt water due to the waves washing over slightly higher ground and into lower hollows.
This standing water has been contaminated since the tsunami washed through the polluted
water surrounding Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, the inundation of water in the drains is causing raw
sewage to be washed up from the sewer system. In addition to this contamination, the corpses of
the victims of both the earthquake and the tsunami, which were not washed back out to sea and
which now remain in the flooded areas of the city, must be considered.
Questions to Consider
Through your debate and resolutions, you and your partner should consider how your respective
country (which will be sent to you shortly) and NGOs can contribute in the following areas:
• The immediate healthcare needs of the victims of the disaster, with special attention given
to the provision of assistance in treatment strategies in relation to this disaster.
• The best way to establish the medical infrastructure required, given the immediate needs of
those affected by the disaster.
• The most appropriate way to implement preventative healthcare strategies in order to
avert the outbreak of diseases in the aftermath of the disaster.
• The most suitable means of communication in order to exchange important messages with
the population of the affected area.
• The solutions to problems caused by the differing cultural norms and sensitivities in regards
to medical strategies and the treatment of the victims whilst continuing to effectively
manage the medical issues arising from the situation.
Further Information
Model United Nations research tools:

http://bestdelegate.com/resources/
http://bestdelegate.com/check-out-our-new-model-un-country-profile-and-policy-map/
GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FLOW OF DEBATE
This diagram is intended to provide you with an overview of how the Model WHO Assembly will
work. The structure and rules of the debate will be demonstrated at the beginning of the Model
WHO Assembly.

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8th International Medical Summer School

1st to 5th August 2016

Disaster Day Briefing Document

4th August 2016 (Thursday)

THE COUNTRY YOU ARE REPRESENTING WILL BE SENT TO YOU

Professor Matthews Matthai MD MObstet PhD FRCOG, Chair in Maternal

Dr Gemma Sou BA MA PhD, Lecturer in Disaster Management at

WHAT WILL THE MODEL ‘WHO’ ASSEMBLY INVOLVE?

Model United Nations research tools:

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