An Advanced Current Controller with Reduced Complexity and Improved

Performance under Abnormal Grid Conditions

Zunaib Ali Nicholas Chritofides Lenos Hadjidemetriou , Elias Kyriakides
Electrical Engineering Department, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus.

KIOSK Research and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Verification of Proposed Controller

Project Objectives
Diagram of the Grid connected RES system
SEMITEACH Power Grid or
Grid tied inverter Inverter LC filter Three Three
Programmable AC source
GSC current voltage Isolation
operation DC Rcf Lcf sensors sensors Transformer
DC + Cdc A d
Power 2
Y
Cf
Optimized PV Grid connection Supply V
(EA-PS
dc
o
Rf n
V PCC vgrid
Cdc n
System output of PVs 9750-20)
- 2 AC
iLp vgp
Benefits for the Power System PWM
(Hardware)
vcp,ref GSC Controller
Power Quality Current
Controller
vdc idc θ, Synchronization
is*
Stability MPPT
P *
PQ
|v| Unit (PLL)
Q* Controller
|v| Q profile
Power Losses dSPACE DS1104 digital control board

Power Grid
PC with MATALAB/Simulink Real Time
Interface and DSPACE ControlDesk

Diagram of the Proposed Current Controller

DC

M TV I * PR Controller
AC I k s v* v *
-+ kp  2 r 2
I abc I s  
T ref ref
+ v v abc
Grid Side Inverter - kp 
kr s
v * T
Power from or to the Grid I s2   2
I * *
v
   harm

*
5 5  5 V  5 +
T dq
K
s T dq Mode Selection
Positive (1) Negative (2)
* Positive and Negative (3)
5  5 V  5 +
Proposed Current Controller *
I   I T dq
K 5

s T dq
*1
+ + I *
I
• The PR controller in stationary - * 1
frame: V V*  harm
Impact T dq 7 K 7 T dq 7 7
*1
s I 2

• Inject positive and negative sequence currents

+
I V * + 3

T dq 7 7  7
K 7 T dq
• Compensate for unbalance grid faults • Enables accurate harmonic compensation. s

Harmonic Compensation Module

• The Integral controllers in multiple SRF frames • Supports the power system under
compensate for the grid voltage harmonics.
and as unbalanced grid faults
a result Results for Proposed Current Controller
• Lower Complexity compared to state-of-the-art • Fast and accurate injection of sinusoidal
controllers currents under abnormal grid scenarios. Normal and positive
mode
Active power refere nce
changed to 3 kW
Fault occurs, start of F RT
and negative sequence
injection
FRT a nd negative sequence
injection
Normal and +5 th and 7th grid voltage harmonic, and positive
zero current d-axis c urre nt injection, HCM OFF
HCM ON
Positive q-axis
current

• Does not require extra module for unbalance • Negative injection allows compensation of
compensation and negative sequence injection prosumers asymmetries.
• Require 59% less processing time due to: • Increases the outcomes from a PV
investment
• less transformations,
• elimination of unbalance module
• cross-coupling and feedforward terms

Complexity Analysis for Three Controllers in terms of required Multiplications (×), Zero
current
Positive d-axis c urre nt injection
Unbalance fault occ urs a nd mode of operation changed to
nega tive sequence injec tion
zero Positive sequence current injection
Unbalance
fault occurs Negative sequence inje ction

Additions (+) and Subtractions in each control loop

Current Controller Proposed [21] [18]

PR Controller in 𝛼𝛽 PI Controller in 𝑑𝑞
PI Controller in 𝑑𝑞
Main Controller 3 × +4 + 3 × + 5(+) × 2
3 × + 4(+) × 4
+ 1(−) × 2 + 1(+)
𝑃𝑅 𝑖𝑛 𝛼𝛽: 0; 𝐻𝐶𝑀: 8 𝑃𝐼 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑞: 2; 𝐻𝐶𝑀: 8 𝑃𝐼 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑞: 4; 𝐻𝐶𝑀: 10
𝑇𝑑𝑞 in each block
𝑈𝐵𝑀: 0; 𝐷𝑁: 0 𝑈𝐵𝑀: 3; 𝐷𝑁: 𝑁𝐴 𝑈𝐵𝑀: 𝑁𝐴; 𝐷𝑁: 2
Complexity Analysis

HCM and UBM Integral: 1 × + Integral: 1 × + Integral: 1 × +

Calculations 1(+) ×8 1(+) ×10 1(+) ×8
Feed-forward Not Needed Needed Not Needed
Cross-Coupling Not Needed Needed Not Needed
Decoupling for Needed 5 × +
Not Needed Not Applicable Loa d dem anding asymmetric current Loa d dem anding asymmetric current

8(+) + 6(−)
(Grid is supplying) (PV is supplying)
Simultaneous Injection
× : 62; + : 20; × : 94; + : 34; − : × : 121; + : 48; − :
Total mathematical
− : 10; Total: 92 13; 22;
operations in each loop
(100%) Total: 141 (153.26%) Total: 191 (207.60%)
id1 Injection
Processing time for each
1.54 𝑚𝑠 1.90𝑚𝑠 2.23𝑚𝑠
loop (MATLAB profiler
(100%) (123%) (144%)
report) ia [5 A/div]
ib [5 A/div] ic [5 A/div]

Current Injection Performance Positive and/or Positive and/or

Positive or Negative i q1 ref [2 A/div]
Capabilities Negative Negative t [10 ms/div]

Note:- Harmonic Compensation Module (HCM), Unbalance Compensation Module (UBM), Decouple
𝒏
Network (DN); Each 𝐓𝒅𝒒 requires: 6 Multiplications × + 1 Addition + +1 Subtraction − ; Each
PI requires: 2 × + 2 + ; Cross Coupling: 2 × + 1 + ; Feedforward: 1 + ; Each PR requires: 3
× + 4 + + 1 − ; Each I require 1 × + 1 +

Frederick University would like to thank the Erasmus Authors Hadjidemetriou and Kyriakides acknowledge
Mundus Leaders mobility program for providing PhD the financial support by the Cyprus Research Presentation to
fellowship. Promotion Foundation.