CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a description about the method used by the

researcher in conducting the research. It consists of six sub-chapters including

research design, respondents of the research, data source, techniques of collecting

data, and technique of analyzing data.

A. Research Design

Kothari (2004:31-32) defines a research design as: “The conceptual

structure or a plan in making a research which consist of informations about

pattern in doing the research and methods or strategy that will be used for

gathering and analyzing the data.” The research design of this study is descriptive

qualitative method.

This research has used descriptive qualitaive method to reveal certain

result of the study. It is because the descriptive qualitative method contain of

identification, classification and description of the data and is intended to

understand social phenomenon by view or perspective of participants. According

to C.R. Kothari, “Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries

of different kinds. The major purposes of descriptive research is description of the

state of affairs as it exist at present.” (2004:2). Meanwhile, Qualitative research,

is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e.,phenomena relating to or involving

quality or kind (2004:3).

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Furthermore, Qualitative research is the research that investigates the

quality of relationship, activities, situations, or material. The focus of qualitatives

research is on participants’ perceptions and experiences, and the way they make

sense of their lives (Fraenkl&Wallen in creswell:22). Then, Dawson says that,

“Qualitative research explores attitudes, beahivour and experinces through such

methods as interviews or focus groups. It attempts to get an in-depth opinion from

participants. As it is attitudes, behaviour and experiences which are important,

fewer people take part in the research, but the contact with these people tends to

last a lot longer.” (2002:14-15)

Marczyk and Festinger say that Qualitative research involves studies that

do not attempt to quantify their results through statistical summary or analysis.

The studies typically involve interviews and observations without formal

measurement and usually a case study, which is an in-depth examination of one

person, is a form of qualitative research (2005:17).

From those definitions, it can be said that qualitative research is a research

which aimed to find out and understand about a condition and event which

happened in the social world around the researcher itself that is faced by his/her

research subject from their attitude, perception, condition, etc. by giving a

description in words or spoken forms by using natural methods such as interview,

observation, and documentation.

Based on the characteristic above, this method is applicable to the research

because it contained of identification, exploration, and description of the data. So

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that, this method has been attempted to describe and identify the methods and

difficulties were faced by respondents in translating an English Poetry.

B. Respondents

The respondents of this research were taken from the sixth semester of

English Department students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The reason of

choosing them as the respondents was because that they had been learning

Translation subject matter at their class for two semester such as translation

theory, kinds of translation, translation methods, etc. So, it was assumed that they

had knowledge about translating theory and practice.

From this population, there were several students taken to become a

sample. Sample is a part or the representatives of population that will be

researched (Arikunto, 2006:131), and the random sample was given to 20

students. They consist of male and female students who were randomly chosen

from 4 classes. The selection was based on consideration that they were able to

translate which they had learned in the previous semester as well as the

willingness they had given.

C. Data Source

This research has focused on translation of English poetry, in this case the

poetry entitled She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron as the source of data. Poetry

has been chosen as the object of this research because this poem is one of the

poems that must be taken by students as their subject matter at their class. Beside,
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the English language which is used in this poem uses modern english and the

students can easily find those words in a dictionary and also to make them use

some appropriate methods to transfer it into target language.

Meanwhile, data are the facts or information used in discussing and

analyzing research. The data which were used in this research was translation

literary text, in this case the students’ translation of English poetry She Walks in

Beauty by Lord Byron.

Table 1. sample of data:

English Poetry (Source Language) Students’ Translation(Target Language)

She Walks in Beauty Ia berjalan dalam keindahan

She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear their dwelling place.
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
Ia berjalan dalam keindahan, bagai malam
Dicuaca tak berawan dan langit penuh
bintang
Dan semua gelap atau cahaya yang terindah
Menemui roman muka dan matanya
Demikian lembut cahaya petir itu
Menyangkal hari yang tersorot surga
Lebih satu naungan,hilang satu sinar
Merusak separuh makna keagungan
Yang menyambut hangat dalam setiap
sambutan
Hangat pepohonan atau cahaya lembut
diwajahnya
Dimana pemikiran yang tenang, ungkapan
yang manis
Begitu suci, begitu berharga diperaduan
mereka
Dan diatas pipi dan alis itu begitu lembut,
Begitu tenang, masih penuh perasaan
Senyum kemenangan itu memberi sinaran
warna
Tetapi hari-hari dalam perkataan Tuhan
habiskan
Damai bersama dalam satu ingatan
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D. Technique of Collecting data

There were two instrumets which were used in collecting the data for this

research.

1. Documentation

Documentation is the way of collecting data of certain things or variable

which is taken from notes, transcript, book, magazine, picture, table, movie, etc.

(Arikunto, 2006:231). In this research, documentation analysis have used which

were taken from students’ translation of English poetry entitled She Walks in

Beauty by Lord Byron. In doing this, some students were taken to be respondents

and asked to translate that poem into Bahasa Indonesia. The researcher met them

and gave them an English poetry to be translated by them. It was done about 3

week from 18th April to 13th May 2011 considering the time which were given by

respondents.

2. Questionnaire

The second technique to collect the data for this research is questionnaire.

Questionnaire is a technique for collecting the data indirectly. It was meant

that the researcher do not have to ask directly to the respondents because
the question that will be asked is in written form. The instrument for
collecting the data of this research is called angket or questionnaire that
contain of some questions that must be answered by respondents. (Nana
Syaodih Sukmadinata, 2009: 219).

The students were given questionnaire which contain of some questions

that must be answered by them. The questionaire which were given for them
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consist of two categorization, the First was some questions about method that

were used by students in translating poetry based on Newmark’s theory, and the

Second was for the difficulties in translating poetry. For knowing the difficulties

were faced by students, open-questionnaire was used to give respondents

opportunity to answer questions freely. The questionnaire result was aimed to find

out kind of method and difficulties are faced by students in translating poetry.

E. Technique of Analyzing data

After the data were collected, the next step in this research was analyzing

the data. Data analysis is a practice in which raw data are ordered and organized

so that useful information can be extracted from it. According to Fraenkel and

Wallen, “Data analysis is the process of simplifying data in order to make it

comprehensible”. This research has used descriptive analyzes to analyze the data.

The collecting data were analyzed by employing several ways, as follows:

1. Students’ Methods

For knowing students’ methods in translating poetry, the finding data

were analyzed line by line by comparing the original poetry to students’

translation. The methods used by respondents in translating poetry were analyzed

based on Newmark’s translation method as mentioned in chapter II, they are word

for word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation,

adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation,

also by checking the result of questionnaire.

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From the 20 collected data, there were 18 analysis, because of the poem

itself consist of 18 lines. The analysis was done for each line of the poem. For

example, the first line of the poem was analyzed by collecting 20 data and

categories it based on the amount of student who were using the same methods for

the first line. This step done continuously to 18th lines. The result of questionnaire

was also checked for helping in analyzing the data. After knowing the methods

used by students in translating that poem, the next step done was to make

classification or categorization about methods that were mostly and least used by

students.

2. Students’ Difficulties

The collected data and questionnaire results were analyzed for knowing

students’ difficulties in translating poetry. The data were categorized based into

the research questions formulated in this research, moreover the categories were

classified into two parts they were the difficulties that mostly and least faced by

students in translating poetry then making conclusion.

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