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IMPROVEME
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Ac on Plan
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Financing the Dynamic Growth of the Preserving a nal Strategy
nd Improvin for
Cashew Industry Raw Cashew g th e Q u a li ty of
Coralie David, Senior Research Analyst Nuts in Côte
d'Ivoire
responsAbility Investments AG
36 27
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48
CFO, Export Trading Group Compliance to Food Safety Norms
Stefano Massari, Managing Director, Oltremare
In West Africa, 2018 cashew season is likely to start on a promising note. The
crop may arrive a little earlier.
Disclaimer: The data and information
I thank all the experts who have contributed to the special issue. I also thank presented in this report are based on efforts
of analysts at Foretell Business Solutions
the patrons who have chosen to brand their prod¬ucts and services in the Private Limited, Bangalore and opinions
special issue. I thank the team of cashewinfo for their efforts in bringing out and data obtained from experts and
various industry sources. While sufficient
this special edition. Hope you find the edition useful for your business. We
care has been taken to check data and
welcome your comments and suggestions. Kindly send in your feedback to us information prior to publishing, Foretell or
at content@cashewinfo.com or info@cashewinfo.com. its employees or external contributors will
not be responsible for any kind of errors or
omissions or misrepresentation of data or for
Good luck and best wishes. losses incurred by any party either directly or
indirectly based on the information published
G Srivatsava herein.
President
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 21 Cashews the ‘Cash Nut’, Vasudev Barkur, CEO - Cashew and Group CFO
Export Trading Group
Page 24 2018 RCN Crop in West Africa vs Kernel Price, Sadanandan Nair, Business Head –
Cashew, Vink Corporation DMCC
Page 25 Nigeria is on the Right Path to Increase Quantity as well as Quality of Cashew
Nuts,ALHAJI Adeniji M.A, Starlink Global & Ideal Limited
Page 27 Action Plan of the National Strategy for Preserving and Improving the Quality of
Raw Cashew Nuts in Côte d’Ivoire
Page 30 Food Safety and Pasteurisation of Cashews,Dr Cameon Ivarsson, Co-founder and
CEO of Napasol, North America
Page 36 Financing the Dynamic Growth of the Cashew Industry, Coralie David, Senior
Research Analyst, responsAbility Investments AG
Page 38 Nigeria’s Action Plan for Cashew Season – 2018,Tola Faseru, Chairman, Colossus
Investments Limited, Nigeria
Page 40 Pasteurisation of Cashews and other Dry Food Products,Gerhard Knol, Product
Manager, Log5 – The Netherlands
Page 44 An Innovative Approach for Preserving Quality and Enhancing Value of Raw
Cashews,Stefano Massari, Managing Director, Oltremare
Page 48 Pasteurisation of Cashew Kernels: Ways and Means and its Impact on Final Quality
and Compliance to Food Safety Norms, Stefano Massari, Managing Director,
Oltremare
Page 51 Key Aspects of FSMA Preventive Control Rule, Bob Bauer, President
Association of Food Industries
Message
Let me emphasize that the subjects that will be discussed at this convention
are playing a crucial role in understanding and anticipating what the future
of the cashew industry may hold. I expect inspiring debates during the
sessions.
For nearly four decades, the INC International Nut and Dried Fruit Council
has brought together the leaders of the nut and dried fruit sector worldwide
for a common objective: to stimulate and facilitate sustainable growth in
the global nut and dried fruit industry. With this in mind, the INC has focused its efforts to become
the international source for information on nuts and dried fruits for health, nutrition, statistics, food
safety, government standards and regulations regarding trade barriers and agricultural quality standards;
increasing the understanding about production, processing, marketing, distribution and consumption
trends worldwide; promoting scientific research on the health benefits of nut and dried fruit consumption,
and cooperating with national and international public and private institutions to promote global trade
of nuts and dried fruits.
Nowadays, INC members include more than 700 nut and dried fruit sector companies from over 70
countries.
In order to support the growth of the cashew industry, the INC embarked on several initiatives
that led to the creation of the Global Cashew Council (GCC) in 2011. The GCC works with the main
cashew producing countries and companies promoting usage and consumption of cashews, supporting
nutritional and health studies, promoting food safety, developing quality standards, and increasing
awareness of the health and nutritional benefits of cashews.
Since then, the GCC has funded several actions to promote the health benefits of cashews: In 2015 the
GCC funded a team of researchers to analyse for the first time, the nutritional composition of cashews
from the largest growing regions around the world, providing a much better approximation of the real
nutrient content of cashews (Rico R et al, 2016). The results showed that cashews are relatively high
in fat, but most of that fat (80%) is unsaturated, which help lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol. Another
important research also funded by the GCC is the team lead by Dr. David J. Baer at the USDA Beltsville
Human Nutrition Center that investigated the effect of cashew consumption on traditional and emerging
markers of cardiovascular disease risk. They also measured the usable energy content of a serving of
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cashews for accurate food labeling. 40 participants were recruited to participate in a 9-week feeding
study. Participants consumed a controlled base diet supplemented with 42g/day of cashews during 4
weeks, and a controlled base diet with no-cashew supplementation during another 4 weeks. This new
study, the results of which can be expected very soon, will certainly make a landmark contribution to
understand the health benefits of cashews.
We are very excited about the next INC World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress that for the first time will
take place in Seville from May 21-23, 2018. More than 1,200 delegates are expected to attend to network,
share knowledge and do business in an unrivaled scenario because nowhere else in the world will you find
so many industry leaders. It will once again be a great chance for all those involved in nuts and dried fruits
to gain invaluable insight into our industry and raise their profile within it.
Seville will take the industry’s pulse through a comprehensive set of round-tables, seminars and keynote
speakers, as well as an international exhibition featuring the latest trends, products and services.
Renowned industry leaders will join us to carefully assess the state of the market and key trends. Besides
sharing knowledge and experiences, the congress will provide participants with a diverse program of
social events to relax while networking with your peers and business contacts.
With my best wishes to all participants, speakers, partners and sponsors for the success of the World
Cashew Convention which I am sure will help us discover new opportunities in this growing industry.
Yours sincerely,
Goretti Guasch
INC Executive Director
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Message
Dear Delegates,
We urge the cashew growing and processing communities in the world over to spread the message about
the health benefits of cashews, so that more and more consumers can enjoy the taste and goodness of
this wonderful nut.
As we all know, “A good conference is much beyond than an exchange of papers and ideas”. So I hope
you all will have good deliberations during the World Cashew Convention 2018 and best wishes to all the
delegates for a fruitful conference.
Dr. R. K .Bhoodes
Chairman
The Cashew Export Promotion Council of India
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Message
• In regards to the export processing output, the total volume would be decreased from 350,000
tons of cashew nut in 2017 to 300,000 tons in 2018.
• Correspondingly, the export turnover of cashew kernel would be decreased from U$ 3.5 billion
to U$ 3 billion.
The main reason is that we have not been able to source enough raw materials on the spot (Vietnam’s
local production) and import prices are too high in line with under-desired quality. Vietnam will focus
on “volume reduction and quality increase”, processing of value added products and development
of the domestic market.
Prior to that, on the occasion of the 9th VINACAS Golden Cashew Rendezvous 2017 in November 2017 in
Phu Quoc Pearl Island, Vietnam cashew industry had already committed to continue focusing on cleaner
production for the community’s health. “Volume reduction and quality increase” or “Quality first” are
the mottos of the industry.
We kindly request all Vietnamese cashew stakeholders would agree on this orientation for the benefits of
the whole industry in 2018.
• The first program on accompanying with Vietnamese cashew growers “Cashew Rejuvenation and
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Intensive and Organic Farming” has been implemented in collaboration with local cashew growers,
cashew plantation owners, cashew clubs and cashew co-operatives. The program has been specially
supported by the State, Central Ministries and assisted by local cashew researchers, cashew enterprises
and bankers. The program targets the cashew production in Vietnam to reach 600 thousand tons of
raw cashew nuts in shell by 2020 that is much bigger than 2016.
• The second program on supplying high-quality and food safety and hygiene cashew products for the
market “Cleaner Production”. VINACAS is encouraging its members to restructure and upgrade their
processing factories in relation with the international standards including ISO - HACCP - BRC - FSSC
22000 - SA 8000. The local cashew factories should have a strong connection with the plantation’s
owners, cashew clubs and cashew bio- and organic cooperatives. According to VINACAS’ objectives,
one hundred percent of cashew products produced by VINACAS members must be ensured for food
hygiene and safety.
• The third program on enhancement of Vietnam cashew value through the following programs:
Firstly, focus on processing of value added products and diversification of product lines.
Secondly, arousing hidden demands of local consumers aimed at reaching the targets of cashew kernel
domestic consumption volume of about 30,000 metric tons till 2020 as against 2015’s figures of around
15,000 metric tons.
Thirdly, building Vietnam National Food Trademarks for cashew products and encouraging all cashew
stakeholders to participate in the program “Vietnam Value”. In order to implement this program, VINACAS
has collaborated with the State and Central Ministries to perform a number of projects including new
cashew variety researches, cashew rejuvenation and intensive farming, trade promotion, building National
Food Trademarks for cashew industry etc. VINACAS has co-operated with Vietnam - HCMC Nutrition Center,
Thanh Nien (Youth) Media & Communication Group, and Vietnam Agriculture Daily, Club of Agricultural
Economic Reporters etc to research and promote healthy nutritional value of cashew kernels of Binh
Phuoc and Dong Nai origins. As a result, the 2015’s domestic consumed cashew volume increased by one
hundred percent in compared with 2014.
• The fourth program is trade promotion and export boost. As you may know, for almost 12 years
Vietnam has been the world leading cashew kernel exporter. We are proud that today the world
people “Talk about Cashew, Think about Vietnam”. We are striving our best so that in the near future,
the global citizens would “Talk about Cleaner and Greener Cashew, Think about Vietnam!”.
We believe on the fast growths of Vietnam industry within the last 5 to 10 years and do hope that the
worldwide buyers continue being trustful with us and provide us further opportunities. We guarantee to
go on working much better to satisfy your good demands.
Finally, we would like to send the profound thanks to Cashew Info.com for facilitating us to convey this
message.
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Message
It is for a more comprehensive approach to the economies of cashew and all it entails that such gatherings
as the WCC are deemed necessary. The African Cashew Alliance (ACA) has since the start of WCC partnered
with CashewInfo for previous successful editions and is again honored to be part of this edition. The World
Cashew Convention has over the last three years proven to be one of the important and influential
platforms and opportunity created for cashew businessmen to meet, deliberate, share best practices,
learn and do business. As we convene again here in Macau for the 4th edition, the African Cashew
Alliance wishes all the participants a successful three days of interaction and learning. We also applaud
the organisers of the WCC, notably CashewInfo and welcome any opportunity and partnership aimed at
growing the cashew sector in Africa and the World, guided by the industry vision “to create wealth for all
actors in the value chain by locally transforming all African Cashew competitively and sustainably,
supplying traceable cashew kernels and by-products to export and domestic markets”. This was
accepted by stakeholders from across the World, during the 2017 ACA conference in Benin, as the way to
go for developing the cashew industry.
ACA is honored to be associated with this event. I wish you all fruitful conference!
Thank you!
Mr. Florentino Nanque
ACA President
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Indian cashew markets over last year. This is mainly driven by stronger
have been reeling Rupee vs Dollar, changing consumer preferences
under pressure since & comparatively lower almonds prices. While
quite some time, on the future prospects of cashew industry are
account of stagnant encouraging, it’s time that the industry takes steps
RCN production, higher to improve the cashew productivity in India to bring
import and processing down dependency on imports and increase the
costs. On the supply processing capacity utilization.
front, a global ..............................................................
shortage coupled Author Profile
with aggressive buy Mr. Somnath Chatterjee has over 23 years of rich
from Vietnam in the experience in handling key positions at food industry /
international markets has put pressure on prices. FMCG giants like Nestle. He specializes in commodities
2017 Indian cashew demand was low primarily due procurement and strategic planning with focus on
to higher RCN prices & transition of the industry implementing cost reduction measures. He has vast
into the GST regime. Higher domestic cashew experience in logistics, warehouse
management,
prices resulted in shift in demand to other tree distribution, transportation, and production planning
nuts like almonds, whose consumption grew at 10% and inventory management.
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If weather conditions remain favorable, production If kernel demand in Q1 is soft to low profile, we
should continue to increase in all West African could see RCN price drifting down, which means
countries in 2018 with the entry into production of less rush to buy new crop, resulting in saner RCN
many new plantations. In recent years the average prices. And this could induce processors to come
growth in production has varied between 8 and 10 out with larger kernel offers at lower levels. But
percent except between 2015 and 2016 when the if kernel demand is reasonable, then prices (both
production of the sub-region has increased very Kernel and RCN) will remain steady to firm.
little following a particularly late and disappointing
campaign. This year, given the rather favorable All eyes on how the crop develops over the next
weather conditions and the anticipated early start couple of months! A bout of severe Harmattan or
of the season, production in the sub-region could unseasonal rain can turn all calculation upside down.
increase by between 150,000 and 250,000 mt and
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The association is also planning to Our demands from the international buyers are:
have an official shipping line that will 1) About 10 percent of our total production
deliver cargos to destination within 30 is being processed by about 14 processing
days so that long delay on the sea that factories in the country (most processing below
has contributed to high moisture at installed capacity). Hence, there is the need of
destination is also addressed. partnering with willing processors in Nigeria to
establish factories and support them with best
technology; this will reduce the shipment of
quality, the issue of high moisture is also being raw cashew nuts with heavy freight charges by
addressed at the highest level of the association shipping lines.
and the structure is wonderful now. Every local
association now has task force to monitor moisture 2) Price of cashew from Nigeria must be the
and make sure every farmer dried their cashew same with all other origins in the West African
to agreeable moisture level before loading. The countries or else the gain of excellent quality
government regulators (federal produce services) will be eroded because our neighbours will be
have been mandated to detain any cashew that is crossing the border to buy from our country and
above 10 percent moisture at warehouses in Lagos. this will negatively affect the quality.
We are very sure of deploying all methods that we
used to encourage farmers to use jute bags for If the price is the same, Nigeria will have the best
storing cashews than using polythene bags that quality and better quantity in the next five years.
destroys quality. The association is also planning to ..............................................................
have an official shipping line that will deliver cargos Author Profile
to destination within 30 days so that long delay on ALHAJI Adeniji M.A. is the Managing Director/Chief
the sea that has contributed to high moisture at Executive Officer of the Company. He also doubles as the
destination is also addressed. Director of Operations. He is a Biochemistry graduate
from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. He has vast
GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) is being applied experience in cocoa business having being exposed to it
to address; safety of farm and post production early in life and becoming actively involved since 1989.
processes; environmental sustainability and social
economic sustainability and farmers are being He joined TundeKola Limited, a cocoa trading company,
taking through the gradual process of ensuring GAP in 1989 and was the Field Officer/Supervisor till 1999.
in the raw cashew nuts production. The first step He left TundeKola Limited in 1999 for the formation of
taken is the farmers’ registration and secondly Starlink Global & Ideal Limited. Mr. Adeniji has attended
training of the registered farmers. Although some various courses and training cum seminars that border on:
constraints were encountered, measures were put Leadership and Capacity Development, Human Resources
in place to address such. These include among others issues in Business Strategy, Developing Business Strategy
the financial capabilities, managerial abilities and to survive competition, Business Ethics, to mention
skills as well as production capability. With the a few. The business of agricultural produce trading,
joint efforts of the Nigerian Cashew Association, particularly cocoa beans and raw cashew nuts, has taken
NEPC, the Ministry and Starlink Global & Ideal Ltd, him to numerous parts of Nigeria and some countries
extension workers were on the routine visiting to abroad.
the farmers to address issues that might arise.
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Export • Reception of trucks carrying • Ensure that transactions are made CCA, ACE, BV, AEC CI, Buyers,
products with high humidity based on dried products Freight forwarders, MINADER,
into harbour workhouses. Poor • Set and ensure that the humidity CCC, CODINORM, Ship owners,
storage conditions for RCN in • Level at the time of unloading at the Supervisory ministries,
harbour workhouses port stores is 10% Researchers.
• Countries receiving Ivorian • Enforce the standard for storing
products complain about the products in port stores
poor quality of the products • Provide directives on storage
• Non-compliance with packing conditions for cashew during maritime
standards transport
• Non-representative sampling • Strengthen ship inspection before
(20% of the cargo, thus the first loading
3 pallets of the truck) • Verify complaints about bad quality of
• Extended periods of parking of products
containers in the port • Export RCN by direct vessels without
• Non-precise measuring transshipment
instruments • Introduce rigorous inspection of
containers
• Identify packaging and dry bags
suitable for exporting cashew nuts
• Improve the quality of jute bags used
• Survey at least 30% of the cargo / open
more dry ports
• Avoid the unavailability of docks for
ships
• Reduce the time of issuance of export
documents
• Have modern and efficient appliances
Conclusion
Since the profitability of cashew nuts is based on quality, it is necessary to put restrictions on the quality and
packaging of nuts for export. This strategic plan should make it possible to improve the marketability of Ivorian RCN,
and consequently improve the income of the actors, particularly producers, substantially.
(Courtesy: We, at Cashewinfo.com thankful to the ComCashew team for translating the above CCA article in
English)
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Food Safety Perspective for Cashews There is an obligation of food operators to ensure
Microbiological hazards from pathogens such a that food put on the market is unadulterated. In
Salmonella, Listeria and E.coli are associated with the context of the US Food Safety Modernisation
the consumption of nuts have been documented Act (FSMA), the US and foreign food facilities are
through product recalls and food borne illness obligated to comply with risk based preventative
outbreaks. Cashews have been implicated in food controls. The only preventative control for
borne illness outbreaks in 2010, 2013, and 2015. Salmonella is a validated pasteurisation microbial
reduction process. In the US, for almonds, a
A risk assessment was initiated in 2014 by the FDA mandatory pasteurization program is in place
which includes an intensive sampling program of since 2007. For other tree nuts, the industry has
consumer packs of tree nuts in US retail shops. The been gearing up to meet the preventative control
FDA published a prevalence study in 2017 indicating obligation with investments in pasteurisation
that Salmonella was found in 0.5 percent of Cashew equipment.
samples, 1.2 percent of Walnut samples and 4.3
percent of Macadamia samples. The prevalence Thermal Pasteurisation
was lower in Hazelnuts and Pecans. Exposure to heat in a thermal pasteurisation
process will kill bacteria. However dry heat, as
To date, the means to mitigate this microbiological used in roasting for example is relatively inefficient
risk has been to control for the presence of and requires high temperatures to obtain the
contamination through a sampling program. desired microbial reduction performance. As a
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Napasol offers a range of equipment sizes tailored Guodong Zhang et al. Prevalence of Salmonella in
to the through put needs of its customers and each Cashews, Hazelnuts, Macadamia Nuts, Pecans, Pine
line is custom built to fit into their processing Nuts and Walnuts in the United States. Journal
facility. Sizes range from 1 bin units with a 700kg/h of Food Protection. Vol 80, Nov 3, 2017. (http://
capacity and a small foot print of 5 meters in length, jfoodprotection.org/doi/pdf/10.4315/0362-028X.
up to 6 bin units with throughputs of 7000kg/h and JFP-16-396)
40 meters in length.
Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Consultation on Risk
Pasteuriser Pasteuriser Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Foods.
Number of bins
Model throughput kg/h July 17-21 2000, FAO headquarters, Rome Italy.
Statisol 300 1 750 (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/
Statisol 600 2 2’400
pdf/jemra/SL00_en.pdf)
Statisol 1200 4 4’800
Statisol 1800 6 7’200
FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act) Final Rule
Napasol Pasteurisation line of 6 bins showing full for Preventive Controls for Human Food. Current
bins from the top (left) and bins lined up on the Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and
loading platform ready to enter the pasteuriser. Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food.
Photos courtesy of Poindexter Nut Company. CA, September 2015. (https://www.fda.gov/Food/
USA GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm334115.htm)
...................................................................................
References Author Profile
Dr Cameon Ivarsson, Co-founder and CEO of Napasol
Harris, L.J., M. Palumbo, L.R. Beuchat, and M.D.
North America, has been involved in developing at and
Danyluk. 2017. Out breaks of food borne illness
commercialising the pasteurisation technology, the
associated with the consumption of tree nuts, company offers. Cameon holds a PhD from the University
peanuts, and sesame seeds: Table and References. of Lausanne, Switzerland is a frequent contributor to
(http://ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu/files/169530. scientific publications, and is member of technical and
pdf) scientific committees of major industry associations.
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planting a new while the oldest fields are being The rapidly growing processing sector in
replanted, which is creating entrepreneurial Benin indicates that success is possible,
opportunities to establish processional nurseries if the right enabling environment and
to supply them. Those nurseries in turn are being
support are in place.
supported to select high-quality grafting stock,
ensuring a rising average yield for Benin in the
coming years. Following the initial steps of organising private
sector actors and establishing a competitive
With these advances and some of the highest levy on raw cashew exports in 2017, additional
quality nuts in the world, Benin’s place as an reforms in the coming months include the
exporter of raw nuts in secure and the national creation of a cashew and Shea Council, clarified
industry may have simply contented itself rules on registration of economic actors, and
to specialise in this part of the value chain. the deployment of a dedicated division for
However, while a thriving cashew industry in cashew within the Ministry of Agriculture. These
Benin will always include a significant portion of entities will ensure responsive state support to
raw nuts exported, local processing establishes the private sector and farmers, ensuring high-
strong stakeholders with deep roots to help quality, growing production and a conducive
organise farmers and drive investments and business climate.
innovation in production, which benefits the
whole industry with increased yield, quality, With this institutional support structure in
and total volume. It also creates thousands place and favourable fiscal policies for cashew
of jobs and supports other local business processing, local and international investors are
service providers. These advantages have been moving into cashew processing in Benin. While the
noticed by other producing nations, but many funding for initial investment in infrastructure
have struggled to foster profitable, growing and equipment for processing is available, would-
processing companies. The rapidly growing be processors face the technical and managerial
processing sector in Benin indicates that success challenges of deploying it profitably in a highly
is possible, if the right enabling environment competitive global market. Dedicated, in-
and support are in place. house support from successful implementers to
train and then coach and support staff over the
Thanks to the combined efforts of all stakeholders, first several months of operation is critical to
the Benin cashew industry is now well structured successful launch. This kind of support has been
at the top, with the National Federation of made available both by sector experts (such as
Cashew Producers of Benin (FENAPAB), the USDA/TechnoServe) as well as by an increasingly
National Council of Cashew Transformers (CNTC), collegial community of processors in Benin,
the National Federation of Buyers of Tropical willing to collaborate, share key resources for
Agricultural Products (FENAPAT) and the National mutual benefit, and warn newcomers of major
Council of Cashew Exporters (CoNEC). These pitfalls. This is particularly true of certain
entities are united within an inter-professional suppliers and services, as well as cashew nut
association of the cashew sector, which was by product production which is essential to
recently created and serves as a platform for contribute to business margins but difficult to
the actors and promotion of a Public Private develop as a lone processor. If this solidarity
Partnership. continues to strengthen, Benin’s processors, as a
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The final key to successful cashew nut whole economy with its full value realised through
processing is affordable financing. The nationally consumed secondary products.
banking sector in Benin has opened up
significantly to the cashew processing For the five-year period 2016-2021, the
sector through active participation in Government of Benin aims to implement a
workshops and other opportunities program to develop the cashew nut sector to
to better understand cashew market make it an attractive sector that generates
dynamics and risk environment. jobs and income through the modernization
of production, processing and distribution of
cashew nuts and derived products. The progress
group, face a highly promising future.
already achieved in the last two years has set
The final key to successful cashew nut processing
the industry well along the path to achieve these
is affordable financing. The banking sector in
goals. Benin and Beninese entrepreneurs are
Benin has opened up significantly to the cashew
seeking investors, partners, and customers as
processing sector through active participation
cashew in Benin flowers into a thriving industry.
in workshops and other opportunities to better
The global industry should take notice.
understand cashew market dynamics and risk
...........................................................
environment. Historically both lending terms
Author Profile
and rates have posed challenges to profitably
James Obarowski leads ‘TechnoServe’s BeninCaju
financing a season, as have delays and other
project’, in supporting farmers, industry and public-
issues of responsiveness. Banks can continue to
sector partners to expand the cashew industry in
reduce costs by investing in internal expertise
Benin. His experience of over 11 years in emerging
and capacity to advise and support processors.
markets has convinced him that facilitating business
Another key challenge in the past has been sub-
opportunities can deliver prosperity to farmers,
optimal debt-equity mix, particularly given the
entrepreneurs, and communities. James holds an MBA
comparative rates. Greater market awareness by
from IE Business School and speaks English, French
banks, good processor-customer relationships,
and Haitian Kreyol.
and greater strategic assessment by processors
of a contextually optimal financial structure will
combine to manage risk and drive down costs,
ensuring continued growth in the years ahead for
Caution to Readers
local processors.
Although paid advertisements appear in
this publication (in print, online, or in
As Benin’s cashew nut processing industry grows
other electronic formats), Foretell Business
and matures, it will be complemented by the
Solutions Private Limited (the owner of
already nascent innovations and new product
cashewinfo.com) does not endorse the
development from cashew apple. A previously advertised product, service, or company, or
neglected resource, with improved marketing any of the claims made by the advertisement.
and technical support to micro-producers, a Readers are encouraged to do the necessary
cottage industry is being established driven by due diligence. However, in the interest of the
local demand for products such as natural cashew industry, please share your concerns, if any,
apple juice. Additional products in development by writing to us at content@cashewinfo.com
will diversify the offering and ensure that cashew
in Benin is not just a limited export crop but a
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..............................................................
Access to finance can help address many of these
Author Profile
problems. In order to guarantee success, it is vital Coralie David is a Senior Research Analyst at
that the financing partner understands the specific responsAbility Investments AG. Following various field
requirement of each company active within the missions in developing countries as the Manager of
cashew value chain and has a range of offering to agricultural development projects, she worked at the
OECD where she led reviews of agricultural investment
cover their respective needs – allowing the entire
policy in emerging markets. Coralie joined responsAbility
value chain to grow and meet the rising worldwide in September 2016. She holds a master of agro-economist
demand. from the National Institute of Agronomy of Paris and a
master in Development Economics of Harvard University.
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The Honorable Minister of Agriculture and ways of collaboration with Vietnam in developing
Rural Development, Chief Innocent Audu our cashew processing in Nigeria. A lot of
transformation is being envisaged to follow this
Ogbeh was in Vietnam in November-2017
very important business visit.
on a visit to explore ways of collaboration
with Vietnam in developing our cashew
We look forward to a highly successful cashew
processing in Nigeria. season in 2018.
............................................................
Author Profile
Moisture is less than 10 percent maximum
Mr. Babatola Olutoba Faseru is the President, of
according to the training that the farmers and
National Cashew Association of Nigeria (NCAN). He
local buying agents have received on post-harvest
has a rich background in merchant banking spanning
handling practices. The quality is excellent
over eight years before founding Colossus Investments
between 48 and 51 KOR, nut count is between 170
Limited in 1999.
and 200.
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Humid heat
Log5 chose to work
with conventional
humid heat in a
novel way. Gentle
heating alone Because moisture addition on dry products can
can be sufficient have dramatic negative side effects (colour
to inactivate change, texture loss, shorter shelf live, oil
pests without release, skins come off and food safety concerns)
causing significant Log5 controls the temperature and moisture
changes to the content of the pasteurization air before it is used
product, but will to inactivate pathogens on the product. By doing
not be enough to inactivate (pathogenic) bacteria this, we make your product safe, while keeping
on dry foods. If pasteurisation temperatures need the product looking and tasting like it was never
to stay low to protect the quality of the product treated to begin with.
then moisture must also be used in a controlled
method. Lowering the water activity from 0.8 to To achieve this remarkable result, we developed
0.45 (typical for dry foods) increases the time an innovative system that is patented worldwide.
needed to inactivate Salmonella by a factor 10 Before we use humid air to inactivate bacteria,
(Shuxiang Liu, et al., WSU, 2016). Cashews with we condition the product by gently heating it to
5 percent moisture have a water activity of a temperature which prevents condensation. By
approximately 0.8, if moisture drops to 2 percent preventing condensation, we avoid wetting of
the water activity becomes 0.45. The Almond the skin and excessive absorption of moisture,
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Swelling of cashews during pasteurisation action in the rare case one of these values is not
is prevented because we control the achieved. Thus, our clients can guarantee that
they always deliver products free from pests and
contact with moisture. Therefore,
pathogens to their customers.
we avoid the shiny appearance which
is common when using steam based
Latest Technological Advances
methods. We use water in gas form, In the last year alone three Log5 systems were
which has proven to be a very effective installed and validated in the USA. Several
pasteurization method while being gentle additional units are on order scheduled for
to the product. delivery and start-up in 2018
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Pic.1 Pic.2
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In addition to that, it has been proven that a • Clean RCN from heavy foreign matters (small
shipment of fair average quality raw material to far stones, ground, sand etc), light foreign matters
away destination such as India and Vietnam may (leaves, ropes, strings, plastic sheets , paper)
cause a drop in the KOR from departure to arrival • Remove a good portion of empty nuts this
of about two points. increasing the KOR of the lot
• Dry the RCN to a desired level in a controlled
In any case, even when RCN is properly dried and
way
cleaned, it is mandatory to try to preserve its
• Vacuum pack the RCN in 1-1.5 tons big bag so as
features until the moment of the processing.
to stop any further deterioration of the quality
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Pic.9 Pic.10
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Pic.20
Pic.13 Pic.14
Pic.21
Pic.15 Pic.16
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The below rendering shows a typical continuous designed to achieve the following main targets:
OLTREMARE CLEANING AND PACKING LINE:
Preserving Sensory: Controlled effect on the
sensory aspects (such as taste, color, texture etc.)
of cashew products, thus organolectic properties
are preserved
The OLTREMARE line of pasteurisers represents 5 Log Reductions: Is able to achieve log 5 reduction
the latest solution to have sustainable control of on viable pathogenic micro-organism, validation
cashew specification compliance, in particular with and verification according to international accepted
microbiological standards and absence of live- standards
infestation requirements.
100% Insect Elimination: The pasteurization
The OLTREMARE innovative pasteuriser has been process makes sure of a complete neutralization of
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have differing understanding of the requirements, they are importing is being supplied by facilities
so it’s recommended foreign suppliers do what they following adequate food safety plans. Importers
can to understand the regulations so they can have have to plan themselves and the documentation
intelligent conversations with their customers. that shows the plan is adequate, is being followed
and is being verified through audits or some other
means. That means large companies may have to
verify hundreds or thousands of products.
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side and leave the room on the clean side, where as the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum), in
the final processing and packing occurs. The clean Vietnam and Africa. Our clients include the major
side should be managed well; hygiene and cleaning as well medium-sized cashew processors. With more
procedures should be put in place for personnel and than 30 years of experience in pest management,
processing line(s) or equipment, and infestation EcO2 is the right choice to adequately address
from outside should also be prevented in every insect infestations in an environmentally friendly
possible way. Combined with CA, insects can be effective way.
effectively controlled to ensure a clean, pest-free ..............................................................
delivery to the final customer. Author Profile
Wouter Van Ravenhorst is the Project Manager of EcO2
Currently, I work for EcO2, a Leading Specialist in and manages one of EcO2’s Controlled Atmosphere
non-toxic pest control. EcO2 has constructed more treatment facilities. He works for the Vietnam branch
than 200 CA technology terminals around the world office and is therefore located in Ho Chi Minh City, one of
in over 26 countries, making it one of the largest the core markets for cashew. EcO2 is part of the Peterson
CA companies in the world. EcO2’s CA technology Control Union Group.
is widely used to treat cashew against insects, such
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seen increasing its ‘foodprint’ and making demand. Encapsulating the festive traditions and
medieval emotional associations with the produce,
its way into curries and small tiffin boxes.
cashews steal the bestseller award. The indigenous
produce has been seen increasing its ‘food print’
and making its way into curries and small tiffin
boxes.
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symbolism and the colossal availability of dry October well before the new crop 2017-18 could
fruits in India caused an increase in the demand at touch Indian markets. The prices despite a large
large. This economic behaviour of consumers has 2016 and predicted 2017 remained firm to bullish
been called psychology of an irrational consumer, but within buying range for traders and consumers.
healthy nevertheless. CY 2017-18’s subjected forecasted in May was 2200
million lbs & objective forecast in July stood 5.1
Amidst the multiple reasons for the rise in the percent higher at 2250 lbs. Global shipments till
demand for dry fruits and nuts is the increasing November 2017 were at 834 million lbs, 5 percent
awareness of health requirements which has higher Y-o-Y Basis with India’s share of 110 million
ensured consumption growth by way of adding new and if the trend continues this year, India would
consumers as well as forcing the existing consumers cross 200 million lbs which is achievable in the post
to consume more number of nuts per serving. GST era along with the price support.
Proliferation of disposable income levels and the The Goods and Services Tax, ‘GST’, is a
greater availability along with its visibility on the ‘revolutionary’, fiscal reform, was implemented on
retail shelves due to organised and modern retail 1st July 2017 with lots of fanfare. The tax rates for
practice. Basic improvements in packaging and almonds were increased to 12% from the earlier VAT
labelling divisions along with FSSAI’s focus on of 5% but despite its increase the markets in the
providing guidelines for healthy and adulteration last six months have not seen any adverse reaction
free foods are immensely helped in increasing the to consumption. The buyer segmentation has been
shelf life and promoting products further. able to absorb it against the health benefits. GST
has further opened up pan India markets with a
The consistent and acceptable quality as processing level playing field on tax rates; GST compliance
techniques are getting modernised, availability of policy along with making mandatory of E-way bills
newer products such as Hazel nuts, Pecan nuts, for any consignment above INR 50,000 has ensured
Brazil nuts along with Californian and Chile Walnuts, a tax corrupt free business with many of the
dried fruits etc, are leading to a healthy growth intermediaries losing their jobs.
of more than 15-20 percent year on year for the
dry fruits and nuts industry in terms of expanding As the GST was introduced, a common speculation
volumes. This is much ahead of the CAGR growth was that of a cascading effect in sales of nuts and
rate of 5.3 percent for the dry fruits market and dry fruits. Since, there were no stark taxes paid
6.5 percent for the market of dry fruits and nuts in by businessman on the procurement of the capital,
the Asia-Pacific. input services and raw material, the generalised tax
largely benefited. The level transparency proved to
Almonds’ CY 2016-17 ended with total shipments of
2101 million lbs, 16 percent increase on over 2015
crop. India’s Import stood at whopping 167 million
lbs, as against 127 million lbs on over 2015. With 32
In the pre-GST administration, the nuts
percent increase, India became the second largest would simply get imported to Delhi
consumer and export destination. Crop receipts market. An additional international
were at 2135 with carryover of 398.7 million lbs as freight and domestic transportation costs
against the projected 404 million lbs. made it rather expensive, coming from
international markets.
Indians were in a buying spree from February till
July 2017 as Diwali was earlier in the month of
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be of value as the trade duties minimised chances Indian Dry Fruits and Nuts markets is currently
of smuggles and uncounted surplus. With the help valued around INR 32,000 crores or a whopping 4.8
of ‘One Tax, One Nation’, many tax distortions have billion US $ industry and with volumes estimated
vanished away. During VAT regime, the trader used around 707,000 Mts. There is an increase of over
to collect the ‘Value Added Tax’ and deposit it to 20 percent from last year on value terms and about
the respective departments, which had enough 9-10 percent on volume basis, going forward the
room for manipulation. Indian market is expected to have a value worth of
INR 50,000 crores by 2020, within two years from
In the pre-GST administration, the nuts would now. The volume, however, may not double based
simply get imported to Delhi market. An additional on the flux of the global productions.
international freight and domestic transportation
costs made it rather expensive, coming from INC held its first ever conference in Chennai, India
international markets. However, almonds today during May-2017, which in itself is a proof of the
are being imported in about 19 regions, across growing dominance of India over the Global Dry
India. Ergo, making it more competitive; ensuring Fruits and Nuts trade.
easy availability in most of the consuming states,
thereby, increasing the volumes through higher
consumption.
Gulfood INC XXXVII World Nut and Summer Fancy Food Show
18 - 22 February 2018
th nd
Dried Fruit Congress 30th June – 2nd July 2018
Dubai World Trade Centre 1st May 21-23, 2018 Sevilla, Spain
Sevilla, Spain
The 12th ACA Annual Cashew The 10th VINACAS Golden 3rd Edition of Cashew
Conference & Expo 2018 Cashew Rendezvous Processing Equipments and
Cote d’Ivoire Hanoi-Halong Bay Technology Show
September-2018 November-2018
Abidjan – Cote d’Ivoire
www.cashewinfo.com 59
Estimated Global Countrywise Cashew Kernel Consumption Trends (Tons)
60
Cashewinfo Research Desk
% share
Countries 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 CAGR
(2016)
East Europe 7968 9119 10723 11603 9115 11815 11605 12322 13008 15085 10000 12633 4.28% 1.77%
Bulgaria 24 60 176 155 263 267 275 328 250 170 154 315 26.50% 0.04%
Czech Republic 270 144 48 0.01%
Greece 708 384 639 1055 625 812 692 204 1565 2139 2267 2887 13.64% 0.40%
Hungary 162 187 153 181 122 283 310 101 89 215 267 191 1.53% 0.03%
Poland 456 468 623 922 878 1075 886 748 1001 2240 2439 3132 19.14% 0.44%
Romania 24 21 25 62 213 123 133 87 197 256 383 28.85% 0.05%
Russia 6250 7066 7855 8027 5856 8130 8233 9777 9522 9291 3563 4463 -3.02% 0.63%
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Slovakia 85 153 274 324 277 347 379 178 242 464 729 890 23.81% 0.12%
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Ukraine 260 781 1002 915 1030 688 706 852 253 99 181 324 2.04% 0.05%
West Europe 66860 67438 74216 85111 81724 74998 78326 78574 77062 95339 104793 103796 4.08% 14.54%
Austria 325 323 444 754 551 935 875 774 888 1046 1285 1234 12.88% 0.17%
Belgium 1355 701 1951 975 2563 1669 2403 1155 941 1553 1400 941 -3.26% 0.13%
Czechia 433 291 525 264 199 485 148 218 228 449 674 721 4.75% 0.10%
Denmark 117 144 284 395 322 485 913 948 712 683 669 447 12.93% 0.06%
Estonia 23 102 214 390 357 234 46 367 97 348 390 288 25.68% 0.04%
Finland 42 85 266 128 520 952 922 435 300 602 968 794 30.69% 0.11%
France 8441 7371 7924 8640 8038 7331 9199 8346 8302 10022 10309 9487 1.07% 1.33%
Germany 19815 18301 18720 13349 15913 17680 18853 25078 17539 22835 23566 21288 0.65% 2.98%
Ireland 794 323 296 369 327 656 249 166 179 379 590 633 -2.04% 0.09%
Italy 2174 2746 2218 1825 2975 3504 2818 4416 5518 7368 6822 6747 10.84% 0.95%
Latvia 272 287 591 854 442 252 436 503 81 173 39 -16.25% 0.01%
Lithuania 405 147 333 331 267 244 308 496 242 242 133 282 -3.23% 0.04%
Luxembourg 3378 3013 2989 3092 2726 3040 2347 2154 2418 3004 3322 3444 0.18% 0.48%
Netherlands 9871 15263 16061 32345 23197 15931 20654 13392 18949 21981 24650 27597 9.80% 3.87%
Norway 576 702 826 1129 850 1058 911 784 1160 1580 1548 1752 10.65% 0.25%
Portugal 592 509 617 517 734 644 439 317 950 485 548 1147 6.20% 0.16%
Slovenia 30 60 67 111 123 79 85 264 142 96 106 211 19.45% 0.03%
Spain 4584 4316 4550 4659 4717 4376 4353 4227 4353 4519 5301 4713 0.25% 0.66%
Sweden 519 846 1208 1552 1637 1911 1534 1719 1253 1251 1518 1433 9.68% 0.20%
Switzerland 213 160 417 774 553 618 625 561 580 827 940 1215 17.15% 0.17%
United Kingdom (UK) 12902 11748 13716 12659 14714 12913 10207 12253 12313 15987 19881 19382 3.77% 2.72%
Asia 142725 173160 196031 220427 232344 200283 248834 299217 302212 344012 356350 308223 7.25% 43.18%
China 20006 23587 26005 30668 38782 32722 37938 47192 52303 51743 51289 53312 9.32% 7.47%
Hong Kong 770 972 752 1412 814 906 929 1050 2193 2368 2382 2676 11.99% 0.37%
India 115410 143500 162930 180600 184110 157940 200730 242220 234390 269850 284000 237000 6.76% 33.20%
Japan 6161 4584 5476 6858 7200 7530 8040 7438 8300 12316 11596 9332 3.85% 1.31%
Nepal 32 32 35 13 750 546 466 759 33.36% 0.11%
Korea 310 413 805 805 1182 849 1046 1204 1640 4089 3210 2715 21.81% 0.38%
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Sri Lanka 36 104 63 52 255 301 151 101 18 200 411 46 2.17% 0.01%
Taiwan 2617 2901 2996 2383 0.33%
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Central Asia 164 183 262 350 529 416 525 307 489 590 724 1337 20.99% 0.19%
Afghanistan 10 223 296 529 642 0.09%
Kazakhstan 164 183 262 350 529 416 525 220 107 144 90 672 13.66% 0.09%
Turkmenistan 77 158 150 105 23 0.00%
ASEAN 4684 5021 5335 7299 10712 8724 12598 10276 15122 14506 16402 15114 11.24% 2.12%
Brunei 115 124 0.00%
Malaysia 397 282 510 576 690 788 747 253 1078 761 916 797 6.54% 0.11%
Philippines 127 200 406 582 1055 585 419 1259 1201 1336 1060 1174 22.45% 0.16%
Singapore 2278 1558 2840 2429 2600 3496 4978 2337 5848 4106 2347 2454 0.68% 0.34%
Thailand 900 868 1579 1697 2147 3855 3179 4839 6995 8188 8874 7633 21.46% 1.07%
Vietnam 983 2114 2015 4220 3276 1588 3081 3056 10.86% 0.43%
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Middle East 11687 9314 18241 21686 19384 19316 20666 29611 36631 42541 39787 40525 11.97% 5.68%
Baharain 648 667 714 698 0.10%
Egypt 719 649 1501 1925 2266 2510 1491 2299 1104 1345 754 375 -5.74% 0.05%
Iran 2286 4175 5987 7210 10782 16200 13850 12302 16.53% 1.72%
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Iraq 219 820 407 14 59 528 1060 1884 21.61% 0.26%
Israel 1138 1213 1241 1948 2263 2268 1933 3486 3911 4465 4274 5117 14.65% 0.72%
Jordan 186 304 368 31 60 134 581 824 696 573 843 14.70% 0.12%
Kuwait 50 18 81 94 88 181 153 338 1550 1776 1786 2008 39.92% 0.28%
Lebanon 1688 1640 2475 2423 3380 3145 2165 4067 1773 1022 781 862 -5.92% 0.12%
Oman 305 1331 1277 948 1020 0.14%
Qatar 73 117 221 14 15 77 177 725 917 978 1085 27.76% 0.15%
Saudi Arabia 3991 4361 4597 3847 5139 4973 4648 7002 5834 7335 8158 8501 7.12% 1.19%
Syria 107 149 455 594 969 1127 1088 449 134 138 105 0.00%
Turkey 564 776 1172 1617 1301 1862 1815 918 675 1144 1092 532 -0.53% 0.07%
United Arab Emirates 600 508 1076 2035 3934 3176 7148 2630 7137 4459 4516 5013 21.29% 0.70%
Yemen 66 226 220 88 203 573 197 284 14.22% 0.04%
Africa 1551 1859 2172 1642 2193 2379 4606 2276 760 878 2646 1723 0.96% 0.24%
South Africa 1355 1818 2057 1383 1887 1888 4044 1721 617 685 2444 1529 1.10% 0.21%
Tunisia 196 40 116 259 306 491 562 555 143 193 202 193 -0.11% 0.03%
North and South America 124430 123337 135975 123095 126857 130155 113176 120775 146510 153787 168048 162014 2.43% 22.70%
Argentina 306 294 460 269 537 592 273 662 808 565 617 688 7.64% 0.10%
Canada 9254 7039 8934 9092 8289 8929 7187 9552 12001 13030 12789 12505 2.77% 1.75%
Chile 89 122 143 286 179 288 158 264 236 192 195 297 11.63% 0.04%
Colombia 20 60 53 91 81 81 109 91 206 168 190 166 21.22% 0.02%
Guatemala 16 32 32 32 150 127 222 216 286 216 138 0.02%
Mexico 621 568 782 705 623 798 472 783 834 776 677 528 -1.47% 0.07%
Peru 49 33 66 25 16 79 75 118 127 9.09% 0.02%
Trinidad and Tobago 70 115 99 108 126 128 32 25 461 559 621 432 17.99% 0.06%
Uruguay 26 35 48 64 46 23 19 24 23 21 38 26 0.00%
United States 113995 115089 125424 112415 116944 119100 104774 109136 131647 138116 152588 147107 2.35% 20.61%
Oceania 14405 15473 16559 15738 15943 17406 15500 17737 18192 19592 20198 18506 2.30% 2.59%
Australia 12993 14317 14659 14387 13997 15255 13715 15504 15692 16759 17189 15756 1.77% 2.21%
New Zealand 1412 1156 1900 1351 1946 2151 1785 2233 2500 2833 3009 2750 6.25% 0.39%
World Total
392827 404904 468050 516952 535801 495493 543835 590094 615000 711311 732240 713871 5.58% 100.00%
(including others)
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Note: The data is derived from CEPCI, VINACAS, UN Com Trade, USITC, bps, etc.,
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