WCC Cashew Week Special 2018

CASHEW WEEK Volume 19 Issue 3
An Initiative of Cashewinfo.com
SPECIAL EDITION TO CELEBRATE

4TH WORLD CASHEW CONVENTION & EXHIBITION
1 - 3 FEBRUARY, MACAU
& EXHIBITION
IMPROVEME
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CORPORATE ACTION PL STRATEGY

SOCIAL
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IMPLEMENTA
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Ac on Plan
of the Na o
Financing the Dynamic Growth of the Preserving a nal Strategy
nd Improvin for
Cashew Industry Raw Cashew g th e Q u a li ty of
Coralie David, Senior Research Analyst Nuts in Côte
d'Ivoire
responsAbility Investments AG
36 27
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Food Safe
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Consiste
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Quality
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Continuo
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Managem
Support
Cashews the 'Cash Nut'

Vasudev Barkur, CEO - Cashew and Group
21 Pasteurisa on of Cashew Kernels: Ways and
Means and its Impact on Final Quality and
48
CFO, Export Trading Group Compliance to Food Safety Norms
Stefano Massari, Managing Director, Oltremare
2018 RCN Crop in West Africa vs Kernel Price

Sadanandan Nair, Business Head Key Aspects of FSMA Preven ve Control Rule
Cashew, Vink Corpora on DMCC Bob Bauer, President
24 Associa on of Food Industries
51
www.cashewinfo.com
CASHEWOMEN
For sample reports & subscription, contact:

Ms Swapna + 91 9342840609, info@cashewinfo.com
Dear Readers, G Srivatsava
President
Greetings and best wishes from
cashewinfo.com! Vinayak Meharwade
We are extremely pleased to bring this Vice President
special issue on the occasion of 4th
edition of World Cashew Convention and
Swapna
Exhibition to be held in Macau between
Asst. Vice President
1 and 3 February, 2018 organised by
Cashewinfo.com in association with
International Nuts and Dried Fruit
Research Team
Council (INC). The three-day event will Venkatraman S
focus on Global RCN market dynamics, Hiba Yacoub
RCN quality standards and post-harvest Rajeshwari MC
handling, requirements of kernel buyers, kernel market outlook, utilization
of by-products, new developments in the cashew sector, empowerment of Designer
women, and enhancing cashew processing/investments in African countries K. Radhika
going forward.
Data Support
Average CIF price of RCN into India was around USD 2100 per ton in 2017 as Sanjay
against USD 1655 per ton in 2016, an increase of 27 percent. India produced
its record crop of close to 780,000 tons in 2017.
PUBLISHING OFFICE
Foretell Business Solutions Pvt Ltd
In the ongoing season, Tanzania is estimated to have produced it’s best
#146, 1-2 Floor, Gopal Towers
ever RCN crop of close to 290,000 tons (subject to revision). Cote d’Ivoire
continued its dominance in RCN production and is estimated to have produced
Ramaiah Street, HAL Airport Road
in excess of 700,000 tons in 2017. Kodihalli
Bangalore - 560008
In 2017 Vietnam had exported in excess of 350,000 tons of cashew kernels
worth USD 3.5 billion. In 2018 VINACAS pledges to focus more on quality and Tel: + 9180 25276152/53
food safety aspects and subsequently is planning to reduce kernel exports to Fax: + 9180 25276154
300,000 tons in 2018. Email: info@cashewinfo.com
content@cashewinfo.com
We are grateful to ACA and VINACAS for having separate sessions on Cashew Web: www.cashewinfo.com
Women in their respective events in 2017, which will further encourage and www.fbspl.com
empower more women leaders in the cashew industry.
Various nutritional and health benefits of consuming cashew nuts by eminent

research organisations across the world, have immensely helped in increasing
the global consumption of cashews in the last few years.
In West Africa, 2018 cashew season is likely to start on a promising note. The
crop may arrive a little earlier.
Disclaimer: The data and information
I thank all the experts who have contributed to the special issue. I also thank presented in this report are based on efforts
of analysts at Foretell Business Solutions
the patrons who have chosen to brand their prod¬ucts and services in the Private Limited, Bangalore and opinions
special issue. I thank the team of cashewinfo for their efforts in bringing out and data obtained from experts and
various industry sources. While sufficient
this special edition. Hope you find the edition useful for your business. We
care has been taken to check data and
welcome your comments and suggestions. Kindly send in your feedback to us information prior to publishing, Foretell or
at content@cashewinfo.com or info@cashewinfo.com. its employees or external contributors will
not be responsible for any kind of errors or
omissions or misrepresentation of data or for
Good luck and best wishes. losses incurred by any party either directly or
indirectly based on the information published
G Srivatsava herein.
President
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 21 Cashews the ‘Cash Nut’, Vasudev Barkur, CEO - Cashew and Group CFO
Export Trading Group
Page 24 2018 RCN Crop in West Africa vs Kernel Price, Sadanandan Nair, Business Head –
Cashew, Vink Corporation DMCC
Page 25 Nigeria is on the Right Path to Increase Quantity as well as Quality of Cashew
Nuts,ALHAJI Adeniji M.A, Starlink Global & Ideal Limited
Page 27 Action Plan of the National Strategy for Preserving and Improving the Quality of
Raw Cashew Nuts in Côte d’Ivoire
Page 30 Food Safety and Pasteurisation of Cashews,Dr Cameon Ivarsson, Co-founder and
CEO of Napasol, North America
Page 33 The Rapidly Evolving Cashew Sector in Benin, James Obarowski

TechnoServe, BeninCaju
Page 36 Financing the Dynamic Growth of the Cashew Industry, Coralie David, Senior
Research Analyst, responsAbility Investments AG
Page 38 Nigeria’s Action Plan for Cashew Season – 2018,Tola Faseru, Chairman, Colossus
Investments Limited, Nigeria
Page 40 Pasteurisation of Cashews and other Dry Food Products,Gerhard Knol, Product
Manager, Log5 – The Netherlands
Page 44 An Innovative Approach for Preserving Quality and Enhancing Value of Raw
Cashews,Stefano Massari, Managing Director, Oltremare
Page 48 Pasteurisation of Cashew Kernels: Ways and Means and its Impact on Final Quality
and Compliance to Food Safety Norms, Stefano Massari, Managing Director,
Oltremare
Page 51 Key Aspects of FSMA Preventive Control Rule, Bob Bauer, President
Association of Food Industries
Page 54 Ways to Control Pests in Cashew using Controlled Atmosphere

Technology,Wouter Van Ravenhorst, Project Manager, EcO2
Page 57 INCs First Ever Conference in India is a Testimony of Country’s Growing Dominance
Over the Global Dry Fruits and Nuts trade ,Ravinder Mehta, International Fruits
and Nuts Organisation, New Delhi
Page 60 Estimated Global Countrywise Cashew Kernel Consumption Trends, Cashewinfo

Research Desk
CASHEW WEEK
Volume 19 Issue 3 An Initiative of CashewInfo.com
Message
Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to extend a

warm welcome to the participants of the 4th edition of the World Cashew
Convention.
Let me emphasize that the subjects that will be discussed at this convention
are playing a crucial role in understanding and anticipating what the future
of the cashew industry may hold. I expect inspiring debates during the
sessions.
For nearly four decades, the INC International Nut and Dried Fruit Council
has brought together the leaders of the nut and dried fruit sector worldwide
for a common objective: to stimulate and facilitate sustainable growth in
the global nut and dried fruit industry. With this in mind, the INC has focused its efforts to become
the international source for information on nuts and dried fruits for health, nutrition, statistics, food
safety, government standards and regulations regarding trade barriers and agricultural quality standards;
increasing the understanding about production, processing, marketing, distribution and consumption
trends worldwide; promoting scientific research on the health benefits of nut and dried fruit consumption,
and cooperating with national and international public and private institutions to promote global trade
of nuts and dried fruits.
Nowadays, INC members include more than 700 nut and dried fruit sector companies from over 70
countries.
In order to support the growth of the cashew industry, the INC embarked on several initiatives
that led to the creation of the Global Cashew Council (GCC) in 2011. The GCC works with the main
cashew producing countries and companies promoting usage and consumption of cashews, supporting
nutritional and health studies, promoting food safety, developing quality standards, and increasing
awareness of the health and nutritional benefits of cashews.
Since then, the GCC has funded several actions to promote the health benefits of cashews: In 2015 the
GCC funded a team of researchers to analyse for the first time, the nutritional composition of cashews
from the largest growing regions around the world, providing a much better approximation of the real
nutrient content of cashews (Rico R et al, 2016). The results showed that cashews are relatively high
in fat, but most of that fat (80%) is unsaturated, which help lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol. Another
important research also funded by the GCC is the team lead by Dr. David J. Baer at the USDA Beltsville
Human Nutrition Center that investigated the effect of cashew consumption on traditional and emerging
markers of cardiovascular disease risk. They also measured the usable energy content of a serving of
www.cashewinfo.com 15
CASHEW WEEK
An Initiative of CashewInfo.com Volume 19 Issue 3
cashews for accurate food labeling. 40 participants were recruited to participate in a 9-week feeding
study. Participants consumed a controlled base diet supplemented with 42g/day of cashews during 4
weeks, and a controlled base diet with no-cashew supplementation during another 4 weeks. This new
study, the results of which can be expected very soon, will certainly make a landmark contribution to
understand the health benefits of cashews.
We are very excited about the next INC World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress that for the first time will
take place in Seville from May 21-23, 2018. More than 1,200 delegates are expected to attend to network,
share knowledge and do business in an unrivaled scenario because nowhere else in the world will you find
so many industry leaders. It will once again be a great chance for all those involved in nuts and dried fruits
to gain invaluable insight into our industry and raise their profile within it.
Seville will take the industry’s pulse through a comprehensive set of round-tables, seminars and keynote
speakers, as well as an international exhibition featuring the latest trends, products and services.
Renowned industry leaders will join us to carefully assess the state of the market and key trends. Besides
sharing knowledge and experiences, the congress will provide participants with a diverse program of
social events to relax while networking with your peers and business contacts.
With my best wishes to all participants, speakers, partners and sponsors for the success of the World
Cashew Convention which I am sure will help us discover new opportunities in this growing industry.
Yours sincerely,
Goretti Guasch
INC Executive Director
16 www.cashewinfo.com
CASHEW WEEK
Message
Dear Delegates,
It gives me immense pleasure that the fourth edition of the “World

Cashew Convention 2018” has been scheduled between 1st and 3rd
February 2018, at Macau.
I take this opportunity to appreciate the efforts of CashewInfo.com

for organising this International conference. Their promotion for the
development of the world cashew sector is laudable and the interest it
has generated among the stakeholders is evident from the increasing
number of participants in every year at the annual event.
India, being the pioneers in cashew cultivation, processing and trading

and currently the largest growers, account of 30 percent of global production; processors, processing
1.7 million tons of raw cashew nut annually and consumes over 0.25 million tons (35 percent of global
consumption of cashew kernels in the world). India is also constantly making efforts to spread the
goodness and health values of cashews all over the world. As you all aware to the tradition of trust
and commitment to taste and quality, Indian cashews are held in great esteem globally.
We urge the cashew growing and processing communities in the world over to spread the message about
the health benefits of cashews, so that more and more consumers can enjoy the taste and goodness of
this wonderful nut.
As we all know, “A good conference is much beyond than an exchange of papers and ideas”. So I hope
you all will have good deliberations during the World Cashew Convention 2018 and best wishes to all the
delegates for a fruitful conference.
Dr. R. K .Bhoodes
Chairman
The Cashew Export Promotion Council of India
CASHEW WEEK
Message
“TALK ABOUT CASHEW, THINK ABOUT VIETNAM”
Ladies and Gentlemen,

On the occasion of New Year 2018, the Standing Committee and
Executive Board of VINACAS would like to wish you a new year of
Success and Prosperity.
Orientation for 2018: Volume reduction and quality increase

In view of the meeting minutes between the group of Vietnam
leading cashew stakeholders on December 22, 2017 in Ho Chi Minh
city, Vietnam and in accordance with the report on evaluation and
assessment of cashew business market situation in 2018, the cashew
business people proposed the whole sector would unify the objectives
of “volume reduction and quality increase” in cashew processing this year as follows:
• In regards to the export processing output, the total volume would be decreased from 350,000
tons of cashew nut in 2017 to 300,000 tons in 2018.
• Correspondingly, the export turnover of cashew kernel would be decreased from U$ 3.5 billion
to U$ 3 billion.
The main reason is that we have not been able to source enough raw materials on the spot (Vietnam’s
local production) and import prices are too high in line with under-desired quality. Vietnam will focus
on “volume reduction and quality increase”, processing of value added products and development
of the domestic market.
Prior to that, on the occasion of the 9th VINACAS Golden Cashew Rendezvous 2017 in November 2017 in
Phu Quoc Pearl Island, Vietnam cashew industry had already committed to continue focusing on cleaner
production for the community’s health. “Volume reduction and quality increase” or “Quality first” are
the mottos of the industry.
We kindly request all Vietnamese cashew stakeholders would agree on this orientation for the benefits of
the whole industry in 2018.
VINACAS four key development programs from 2016 - 2020:

At the VINACAS Congress Term IX on the 1st of July 2016 in Ho Chi Minh City, the community of Vietnamese
cashew stakeholders decided on four key development programs for Vietnam cashew industry during the
period 2016 - 2020:
• The first program on accompanying with Vietnamese cashew growers “Cashew Rejuvenation and
CASHEW WEEK
Intensive and Organic Farming” has been implemented in collaboration with local cashew growers,
cashew plantation owners, cashew clubs and cashew co-operatives. The program has been specially
supported by the State, Central Ministries and assisted by local cashew researchers, cashew enterprises
and bankers. The program targets the cashew production in Vietnam to reach 600 thousand tons of
raw cashew nuts in shell by 2020 that is much bigger than 2016.
• The second program on supplying high-quality and food safety and hygiene cashew products for the
market “Cleaner Production”. VINACAS is encouraging its members to restructure and upgrade their
processing factories in relation with the international standards including ISO - HACCP - BRC - FSSC
22000 - SA 8000. The local cashew factories should have a strong connection with the plantation’s
owners, cashew clubs and cashew bio- and organic cooperatives. According to VINACAS’ objectives,
one hundred percent of cashew products produced by VINACAS members must be ensured for food
hygiene and safety.
• The third program on enhancement of Vietnam cashew value through the following programs:
Firstly, focus on processing of value added products and diversification of product lines.
Secondly, arousing hidden demands of local consumers aimed at reaching the targets of cashew kernel
domestic consumption volume of about 30,000 metric tons till 2020 as against 2015’s figures of around
15,000 metric tons.
Thirdly, building Vietnam National Food Trademarks for cashew products and encouraging all cashew
stakeholders to participate in the program “Vietnam Value”. In order to implement this program, VINACAS
has collaborated with the State and Central Ministries to perform a number of projects including new
cashew variety researches, cashew rejuvenation and intensive farming, trade promotion, building National
Food Trademarks for cashew industry etc. VINACAS has co-operated with Vietnam - HCMC Nutrition Center,
Thanh Nien (Youth) Media & Communication Group, and Vietnam Agriculture Daily, Club of Agricultural
Economic Reporters etc to research and promote healthy nutritional value of cashew kernels of Binh
Phuoc and Dong Nai origins. As a result, the 2015’s domestic consumed cashew volume increased by one
hundred percent in compared with 2014.
• The fourth program is trade promotion and export boost. As you may know, for almost 12 years
Vietnam has been the world leading cashew kernel exporter. We are proud that today the world
people “Talk about Cashew, Think about Vietnam”. We are striving our best so that in the near future,
the global citizens would “Talk about Cleaner and Greener Cashew, Think about Vietnam!”.
We believe on the fast growths of Vietnam industry within the last 5 to 10 years and do hope that the
worldwide buyers continue being trustful with us and provide us further opportunities. We guarantee to
go on working much better to satisfy your good demands.
Finally, we would like to send the profound thanks to Cashew Info.com for facilitating us to convey this
message.
Nguyen Duc Thanh

VINACAS President
CASHEW WEEK
Message
Dear Cashew Stakeholders,
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the 4th edition of the World

Cashew Convention, and to Macau!
Without a doubt, agriculture plays a significant role in the global

economy and cashew has made tremendous progress and contribution,
in that it provides employment for thousands of people and subsequently
alleviates poverty. In 2017, Africa attained 56 percent of the world’s
production; however, the continent witnessed an increase in RCN
prices due to a strong demand from the main processing countries
(India and Vietnam). There was an increase of about 25 percent
higher than in 2016 and 50 percent higher than in 2015, thus making
it difficult for local cashew processors to buy and process. As a result,
several processing units in Africa and Vietnam were forced to shut down. This notwithstanding, there
still exist opportunities for the cashew industry, if stakeholders, Government and Regulatory bodies,
finance, development and technical donors can take up responsibilities and collectively play active roles
in developing the sector. Enabling policies and control of market rules, accurate and frequent market
intelligence, good agricultural practices, incentives, access to specific cashew funding, food safety
regulations among many other could perhaps address issues encountered in 2017.
It is for a more comprehensive approach to the economies of cashew and all it entails that such gatherings
as the WCC are deemed necessary. The African Cashew Alliance (ACA) has since the start of WCC partnered
with CashewInfo for previous successful editions and is again honored to be part of this edition. The World
Cashew Convention has over the last three years proven to be one of the important and influential
platforms and opportunity created for cashew businessmen to meet, deliberate, share best practices,
learn and do business. As we convene again here in Macau for the 4th edition, the African Cashew
Alliance wishes all the participants a successful three days of interaction and learning. We also applaud
the organisers of the WCC, notably CashewInfo and welcome any opportunity and partnership aimed at
growing the cashew sector in Africa and the World, guided by the industry vision “to create wealth for all
actors in the value chain by locally transforming all African Cashew competitively and sustainably,
supplying traceable cashew kernels and by-products to export and domestic markets”. This was
accepted by stakeholders from across the World, during the 2017 ACA conference in Benin, as the way to
go for developing the cashew industry.
ACA is honored to be associated with this event. I wish you all fruitful conference!
Thank you!
Mr. Florentino Nanque
ACA President
CASHEW WEEK
Cashews the ‘Cash Nut’

Vasudev Barkur, CEO - Cashew and Group CFO, Export Trading Group
India has grown to become worlds’

largest consumer, rest of the world’s
consumption has also been steadily
increasing.
It has been a fascinating Journey for cashews over

the last two decades. From a global production
size of around million tons in the year 2000 to a
production size of 3.3 million tons in 2017 is no
mean progress.
On the other hand, during the same period Vietnam

had managed to increase its production by four
times, India by three times and Africa had managed
to increase by 5.3 times though Brazil could not
hold on to its production size.
It is quite interesting to note that despite of this

phenomenal increment in the size of production,
the World raw cashew prices have been steadily
rising and in fact for the last two years, barring
It is quite interesting to note that some minor downward corrections the prices has
despite of this phenomenal increment been always stable or on the upward move.
in the size of production, the World
raw cashew prices have been steadily Some of the facts around this commodity are as
rising and in fact for the last two below:
years, barring some minor downward
corrections the prices has been always Raw Cashew Production:
stable or on the upward move.
Note: African production has grown from around

0.4 to 1.9 MIllion tons in 17 years
CASHEW WEEK
Raw Cashew prices: largest consumer, rest of the world’s consumption

The price of raw cashew nut was USD 900 per has also been steadily increasing.
ton in the year 2000 (though it has touched the
lows of USD 625 per ton during early 2001) to USD While we search for the right answers for the
2,400 per ton in 2017 (basis: Tanzania raw cashew bullish of the commodity, the following could be
price). some of the right reasons:
1. The Industry is moving from an unorganised
Cashew Kernel prices: sector to organised sector. Vietnam has taken
Kernel prices have been steadily moving upwards initiative to operate cashew processing as
over the years, from around USD 2.6/lb for W320 an industry and though there is no hedging
in 1999 (though it touched to the lows of USD 1.6/ mechanism to arrest the price risk, the
lb during late 2000) to USD 5/lb in 2017, It is also
forward sale mechanism is mitigating the
prudent to note that the kernel price increase has
price risk to a reasonable extent; this has
not been in direct proportion to the incremental
given the necessary cover against price
prices for raw cashews.
volatility. The best advantage for Vietnam
is also the low cost of processing, which is
Cashew Kernel Export Data:
one of the lowest in the world. Vietnam has
managed to increase its import from 750,000
tons in 2014 to 1.4 million tons in 2017
2. Affluence and affordability amongst consuming

mass at large has been steadily rising, and
the standard of living of middle class has
been consistently improving over the last two
decades. It is more so in India, which saw
steep increase in the domestic consumption.
Note: India has seen drastic reduction in export
volumes while Vietnam has been consistently 3. The end use of kernel consumption in food
increasing its market share, in the last 15 years industry is becoming more consistent, in other
and Vietnam has doubled its overall export words, the structured growth of consumer
volume. base through sophisticated distribution
network has assisted cashew kernel as well
Cashew Kernel Consumption: to reach the consumer with right fronting,
be it through extended flavours and tastes,
as an ingredient by established biscuit and
hotel brand or through direct consumption.
4. Cashew kernel being recognised as a healthy

diet over other dry nuts. Here's a surprising
fact: not only do cashew nuts have a creamy
texture, but also have a lower fat content
than most other nuts. Approximately
Note: while India has grown to become worlds’ 82 percent of their fat is unsaturated
CASHEW WEEK
Cashews are also a good source of iron,

Cashews are also a good source of
magnesium and zinc. Iron helps deliver
iron, magnesium and zinc. Iron helps oxygen to all your cells, which can prevent
deliver oxygen to all your cells, which anemia, and zinc is critical to immune health
can prevent anemia, and zinc is critical and healthy vision. Magnesium on the other
to immune health and healthy vision. hand helps improve memory and protects
Magnesium on the other hand helps against age-related memory loss. According
to Dr Gargi Sharma, weight-management
improve memory and protects against
expert, "You should have 4 to 5 cashew nuts
age-related memory loss.
every day. You can add them to your salad or
toss them in your chicken stir-fry."
fatty acids, plus about 66 percent of this

While the consumer economy is consistently
unsaturated fatty acid content is heart-
growing in the developing economies and there
healthy monounsaturated fats. Moreover, the
has been growing acceptability of cashew kernel
fat content in cashew nuts is considered to be
for its tasty and nutrient components, the
"good fats." This is due to the agreeable ratio
market for cashew would continue to behave
in the nut for saturated, monounsaturated,
consistently despite of growing production.
and polyunsaturated fats, which researchers
say is the ideal ratio for optimal health.
Update on Indian Cashew Markets

Somnath Chatterjee, Head – Procurement and Logistics, ITC Foods
Indian cashew markets over last year. This is mainly driven by stronger
have been reeling Rupee vs Dollar, changing consumer preferences
under pressure since & comparatively lower almonds prices. While
quite some time, on the future prospects of cashew industry are
account of stagnant encouraging, it’s time that the industry takes steps
RCN production, higher to improve the cashew productivity in India to bring
import and processing down dependency on imports and increase the
costs. On the supply processing capacity utilization.
front, a global ..............................................................
shortage coupled Author Profile
with aggressive buy Mr. Somnath Chatterjee has over 23 years of rich
from Vietnam in the experience in handling key positions at food industry /
international markets has put pressure on prices. FMCG giants like Nestle. He specializes in commodities
2017 Indian cashew demand was low primarily due procurement and strategic planning with focus on
to higher RCN prices & transition of the industry implementing cost reduction measures. He has vast
into the GST regime. Higher domestic cashew experience in logistics, warehouse
management,
prices resulted in shift in demand to other tree distribution, transportation, and production planning
nuts like almonds, whose consumption grew at 10% and inventory management.
CASHEW WEEK
2018 RCN Crop in

West Africa vs Kernel Price
Sadanandan Nair, Business Head – Cashew, Vink Corporation DMCC
This year, given the rather favorable

weather conditions and the anticipated
early start of the season, production in
the sub-region could increase by between
150,000 and 250,000 MT and approach
1.8 million MT from West Africa.
approach 1.8 million mt from West Africa.
Some contracts have been done from Ghana with a

price tag of $ 2200 approx., Cote d’Ivoire USD 2100
approx and Nigeria USD 2000+ approx, per ton-CNF
basis. Question on everybody’s lips is – Can this
price hold? We have seen the kernel price downslide
from October 2017 and today WW320 trades at USD
4.60 - 4.70 / lbs (FOB). How does one find parity at
West Africa crop 2018, so far looks early and good. such opposite pricing? High raw nut prices vs lower
The first bloom is in full swing with good flowering kernel prices? India has some positive news with
and in some regions the harvesting has started. export incentive going up and import duty likely to
So far the climatic conditions have been good and be removed. But is it still workable? Cashew kernel
Harmattan wind does not seem to have damaged market has been quite for the past few months with
the flowers too much, which lead all producers buying happening only on need basis. Processors
to anticipate a big crop from the beginning of are holding stock in expectation of kernel price
February, almost a month earlier than the normal. going up.
If weather conditions remain favorable, production If kernel demand in Q1 is soft to low profile, we
should continue to increase in all West African could see RCN price drifting down, which means
countries in 2018 with the entry into production of less rush to buy new crop, resulting in saner RCN
many new plantations. In recent years the average prices. And this could induce processors to come
growth in production has varied between 8 and 10 out with larger kernel offers at lower levels. But
percent except between 2015 and 2016 when the if kernel demand is reasonable, then prices (both
production of the sub-region has increased very Kernel and RCN) will remain steady to firm.
little following a particularly late and disappointing
campaign. This year, given the rather favorable All eyes on how the crop develops over the next
weather conditions and the anticipated early start couple of months! A bout of severe Harmattan or
of the season, production in the sub-region could unseasonal rain can turn all calculation upside down.
increase by between 150,000 and 250,000 mt and
CASHEW WEEK
Nigeria is on the Right Path to

Increase Quantity as well as Quality of
Cashew Nuts
ALHAJI Adeniji M.A, Starlink Global & Ideal Limited
The government regulators (federal

produce services) have been mandated
to detain any cashew that is above 10
percent moisture at warehouses in Lagos.
and we hope the volume will increase to 200,000

tons by 2020. The national cashew association has
done a tremendous work on the quality by yearly
sensitisation of the farmers about the need to
reduce post-harvest losses that has been a major
problem with Nigerian cashew.
The association efforts with government support

to reduce the incursion of foreigners who usually
disrupt the value chain is also helping the quality
improvement, because farmers now understand
The national cashew association has done that they can earn more money by doing the right
a tremendous work on the quality by thing than selling wet and low quality to desperate
yearly sensitisation of the farmers about foreigners that gave us bad name in the cashew
the need to reduce post-harvest losses industry. We are determined to reverse this trend,
that has been a major problem with we can do it, we are doing it and we will achieve
Nigerian cashew. results very soon. This has made the international
buyers to know that there is no Benin border
Nigeria is on the right path to increase the quantity cashew, but Ogbomosho cashew with excellent
and quality of cashew nuts now, in the last five quality and about 230 km from Benin republic. This
years, the private sector in collaboration with understanding has helped the shippers of cashew
Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) has nut from Nigeria to demand for better price and in
given a wonderful name to this country in terms turn shipped better quality.
of quality and quantity of cashew nuts, we have
increased the quantity from 143,000 tons in 2010 The weather is favorable to the development of
to 175,000 in 2017 and also from a not-too-good cashew this year, the mild harmattan is good and
quality to a wonderful 2017 better quality than will make the crop to mature early and longer season
Cote d’Ivoire. The new planting is massive now than last year before rainfall in April will affect the
CASHEW WEEK
The association is also planning to Our demands from the international buyers are:
have an official shipping line that will 1) About 10 percent of our total production
deliver cargos to destination within 30 is being processed by about 14 processing
days so that long delay on the sea that factories in the country (most processing below
has contributed to high moisture at installed capacity). Hence, there is the need of
destination is also addressed. partnering with willing processors in Nigeria to
establish factories and support them with best
technology; this will reduce the shipment of
quality, the issue of high moisture is also being raw cashew nuts with heavy freight charges by
addressed at the highest level of the association shipping lines.
and the structure is wonderful now. Every local
association now has task force to monitor moisture 2) Price of cashew from Nigeria must be the
and make sure every farmer dried their cashew same with all other origins in the West African
to agreeable moisture level before loading. The countries or else the gain of excellent quality
government regulators (federal produce services) will be eroded because our neighbours will be
have been mandated to detain any cashew that is crossing the border to buy from our country and
above 10 percent moisture at warehouses in Lagos. this will negatively affect the quality.
We are very sure of deploying all methods that we
used to encourage farmers to use jute bags for If the price is the same, Nigeria will have the best
storing cashews than using polythene bags that quality and better quantity in the next five years.
destroys quality. The association is also planning to ..............................................................
have an official shipping line that will deliver cargos Author Profile
to destination within 30 days so that long delay on ALHAJI Adeniji M.A. is the Managing Director/Chief
the sea that has contributed to high moisture at Executive Officer of the Company. He also doubles as the
destination is also addressed. Director of Operations. He is a Biochemistry graduate
from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. He has vast
GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) is being applied experience in cocoa business having being exposed to it
to address; safety of farm and post production early in life and becoming actively involved since 1989.
processes; environmental sustainability and social
economic sustainability and farmers are being He joined TundeKola Limited, a cocoa trading company,
taking through the gradual process of ensuring GAP in 1989 and was the Field Officer/Supervisor till 1999.
in the raw cashew nuts production. The first step He left TundeKola Limited in 1999 for the formation of
taken is the farmers’ registration and secondly Starlink Global & Ideal Limited. Mr. Adeniji has attended
training of the registered farmers. Although some various courses and training cum seminars that border on:
constraints were encountered, measures were put Leadership and Capacity Development, Human Resources
in place to address such. These include among others issues in Business Strategy, Developing Business Strategy
the financial capabilities, managerial abilities and to survive competition, Business Ethics, to mention
skills as well as production capability. With the a few. The business of agricultural produce trading,
joint efforts of the Nigerian Cashew Association, particularly cocoa beans and raw cashew nuts, has taken
NEPC, the Ministry and Starlink Global & Ideal Ltd, him to numerous parts of Nigeria and some countries
extension workers were on the routine visiting to abroad.
the farmers to address issues that might arise.
CASHEW WEEK
Action Plan of the National Strategy for

Preserving and Improving the Quality of
Raw Cashew Nuts in Côte d’Ivoire
Background and Justification ensuring the quality of cashew
Côte d'Ivoire is the global lead producer of Raw II. To actively and permanently work to improve
Cashew Nuts (RCN), with a production of 702,510 the quality of Ivorian cashew
MT, over 90% of which is exported.
Expected results
In 2013, the Ivorian government adopted a reform • All stakeholders observe good post-harvest
of the cashew nut sector to improve the image of practices
Ivorian cashew nuts on the world market. Some of • The moisture content of cashew nuts from
the measures implemented by the reform include production areas is improved and below 10%
the establishment of an agricultural advisory • The marketed cashew nuts are well-dried and
system for cashew farmers, initiation of research to meet the expectations of importers
provide farmers with high quality and high yielding
planting material, and the prohibition of export of Processes followed
RCN, whose moisture content exceed 10%, among 1. Identification of the main causes for low quality
others. of RCN
2. Three commissions (Production, Marketing,
After three years of implementing these provisions, Exports) were formed to reflect on the causes of
the KOR dropped from less than 46 to 47, and the the problems identified and to propose solutions,
moisture content went from 9.6% to 8%. However, implementation strategies, actors responsible
the quality of the Ivorian nuts still fell below buyers for the implementation of agreements reached
and importers’ expectations. and deadlines for implementation. CCA acts as
the Secretariat of the three commissions
In a bid to address the problem, the Conseil du 3. A review of the results in plenary and validation
Coton et de l’Anacarde (CCA) initiated discussions of the final strategic action plan by the actors,
in consultation with the major actors, and technical and technical and financial partners
and financial partners within the sector to establish
a stakeholder platform for the preservation and The various committees consisted of producers,
improvement of the quality of cashew from Côte buyers, exporters, processors, freight forwarders,
d'Ivoire. representatives of MINADER (DOPA, DPVCQ), Bureau
Veritas, ACE, ANADER, CNRA, FIRCA, Chamber of
Objective Commerce and Industry, CODINORM and CCA.
I. To create a multi-stake holder committee
involving all stakeholders responsible for
CASHEW WEEK
Committee Problems Solutions Actors

Production • Pest and disease attack of • Finalise health map UFHB, CNRA, FIRCA, CCA,
orchards • Define a phytosanitary protection ANADER, Producers, ONG,
• Non-application of Good strategy for orchards PROFIAB, COMCASHEW,
Agricultural Practices • Provide producers with seedlings MINADER, CORAF, OPA, Village
• Weak cooperatives • Rehabilitate existing orchards through Committees, Private nursery
• Lack of access to jute bags by top working operators, Universities, Banks
some producers • Continue with information, awareness and microfinance institutions,
• Sale of cashews that are not creation and training of producers Municipal and district
well dried • Strengthen the capacity of FBOs to authorities.
facilitate access to finance
• Facilitate access of FBOs to
agricultural equipment
• Build producer capacity for farm
management
• Create platform for exchanges
between producers and financial
institutions
• Set up research / development sites
for cashew cultivation
• Ensure better management of FBOs
• Diversify and / or intensify the
services provided by the FBOs for the
benefit of their members
• Enforce stringent measures against
fraudulent buyers and trackers, and
withdraw the license of offenders
• Reduce the number of trackers
• Set up a secure system of production
traceability
Marketing • Purchase of undried product • Raise actors’ awareness of the quality CCA, ANADER, Buyer groups
• Non-compliance with marketing management process and associations, Farmer
rules at farm gate level • Implement quality control at the cooperatives, service
• Transport of product in bad buyer or cooperative level before the providers, monitoring
conditions transfer of nuts committee, Village
• Poor quality of RCN for • Regulate competition at farm gate and committee, ANADER, buyers.
processing local shop level
• Unfair competition by certain • Prohibit and make sales made at the
players in the cashew industry farm gate using scales a punishable
• Use of unreliable measuring offence
devices • Continuously monitor and verify
calibrations of FBO scales
• Prohibit 40 tons loads at farm gate
• Require trucks to have tarpaulins
in good condition for transport of
products
• Accredit warehouses with well-defined
conditions
• Facilitate access of jute bags to all
producers
• Make actors aware of the drying
conditions of the product
• Regulate the activity zones of the
cashew sector
• Recommend conventional and
traceable measuring equipment
CASHEW WEEK
Export • Reception of trucks carrying • Ensure that transactions are made CCA, ACE, BV, AEC CI, Buyers,
products with high humidity based on dried products Freight forwarders, MINADER,
into harbour workhouses. Poor • Set and ensure that the humidity CCC, CODINORM, Ship owners,
storage conditions for RCN in • Level at the time of unloading at the Supervisory ministries,
harbour workhouses port stores is 10% Researchers.
• Countries receiving Ivorian • Enforce the standard for storing
products complain about the products in port stores
poor quality of the products • Provide directives on storage
• Non-compliance with packing conditions for cashew during maritime
standards transport
• Non-representative sampling • Strengthen ship inspection before
(20% of the cargo, thus the first loading
3 pallets of the truck) • Verify complaints about bad quality of
• Extended periods of parking of products
containers in the port • Export RCN by direct vessels without
• Non-precise measuring transshipment
instruments • Introduce rigorous inspection of
containers
• Identify packaging and dry bags
suitable for exporting cashew nuts
• Improve the quality of jute bags used
• Survey at least 30% of the cargo / open
more dry ports
• Avoid the unavailability of docks for
ships
• Reduce the time of issuance of export
documents
• Have modern and efficient appliances
Conclusion
Since the profitability of cashew nuts is based on quality, it is necessary to put restrictions on the quality and
packaging of nuts for export. This strategic plan should make it possible to improve the marketability of Ivorian RCN,
and consequently improve the income of the actors, particularly producers, substantially.
(Courtesy: We, at Cashewinfo.com thankful to the ComCashew team for translating the above CCA article in
English)
CASHEW WEEK
Food Safety and Pasteurisation

of Cashews
Dr Cameon Ivarsson, Co-founder and CEO of Napasol, North America
To date, the means to mitigate this

microbiological risk has been to control
for the presence of contamination through
a sampling program. However such a
method is unlikely to reduce the risk,
because the contamination level is low
and the risk is high of not finding the
contamination in a load.
However, such a method is unlikely to reduce the

risk, because the contamination level is low and
the risk is high of not finding the contamination in a
load. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
of the UN has shown that a very low level of
contamination can result in disease, particularly
in at risk population, making the presence of
salmonella in any part of the load dangerous.
Food Safety Perspective for Cashews There is an obligation of food operators to ensure
Microbiological hazards from pathogens such a that food put on the market is unadulterated. In
Salmonella, Listeria and E.coli are associated with the context of the US Food Safety Modernisation
the consumption of nuts have been documented Act (FSMA), the US and foreign food facilities are
through product recalls and food borne illness obligated to comply with risk based preventative
outbreaks. Cashews have been implicated in food controls. The only preventative control for
borne illness outbreaks in 2010, 2013, and 2015. Salmonella is a validated pasteurisation microbial
reduction process. In the US, for almonds, a
A risk assessment was initiated in 2014 by the FDA mandatory pasteurization program is in place
which includes an intensive sampling program of since 2007. For other tree nuts, the industry has
consumer packs of tree nuts in US retail shops. The been gearing up to meet the preventative control
FDA published a prevalence study in 2017 indicating obligation with investments in pasteurisation
that Salmonella was found in 0.5 percent of Cashew equipment.
samples, 1.2 percent of Walnut samples and 4.3
percent of Macadamia samples. The prevalence Thermal Pasteurisation
was lower in Hazelnuts and Pecans. Exposure to heat in a thermal pasteurisation
process will kill bacteria. However dry heat, as
To date, the means to mitigate this microbiological used in roasting for example is relatively inefficient
risk has been to control for the presence of and requires high temperatures to obtain the
contamination through a sampling program. desired microbial reduction performance. As a
CASHEW WEEK
Napasol has developed a pasteurisation The Napasol Pasteurisation Technology

process specifically designed for the Napasol has developed a pasteurisation process
specifically designed for the nut industry. The
nut industry. The Pasteurisation process
pasteurisation process consists in moving the
consists in moving the product through product through the process line in bulk bins from
the process line in bulk bins from a pre- a pre-heater to the pasteuriser and then to a
heater to the pasteuriser and then to a cooling platform. Because the product itself does
cooling platform. not move during the process (the bin moves the
product which remains immobile inside the bin)
there is no mechanical damage inflicted on the
consequence, dry heat processes are difficult to product. Because the product is never in contact
validate and not suitable for pasteurising raw nuts with the pre-heater or pasteuriser, there is no down
since the product will lose its raw characteristics. time for cleaning the process line. Switching from
one product to another is as simple as selecting the
Steam treatments on the other hand are effective appropriate recipe and moving the bins with the
at much lower temperatures. Processes using new product onto the processing line.
saturated steam are particularly performant
because the stored latent heat kills the bacteria In the pasteuriser, saturated steam conditions are
when the steam condenses on the product surface. maintained by controlling pressure and nuts can
In addition to its efficiency, saturated steam, when be treated in a partial vacuum at temperatures
properly controlled, is dry and contains no water <100°C. Because the pressure is uniform in the
droplets, thus minimizing the impact of the process pasteuriser, the treatment temperature is uniform
on the raw nuts. inside the load, and the microbiological reduction
performance is demonstrably uniform as well. The
Creating saturated steam conditions involves a efficiency of the saturated steam process allows
batch process because control of pressure can only for a very high microbial reduction (>100’000
be achieved in a closed pressure vessel (autoclave). fold reduction or >5log) even at temperatures
When the product is treated in such a vessel, as low as 80°C with short exposure times.The
pressure is uniform everywhere in the vessel and combination of vacuum and heat is very effective
inside the treated load, and as a consequence the in eliminating infestations and killing all stages of
product temperature is also uniform. development of insects from the egg to the larvae
and the adult.
A validation is necessary to demonstrate the
effectiveness and reliability of the pasteurisation There is no moisture pickup, so the product does
process. This consists in testing and documenting not need to go through a drying step and the
the efficacy of the process through a microbiological pasteurised nuts maintain their raw qualities. After
challenge test. Usually, product samples that pasteurisation, the product has been cooled down
have been artificially inoculated with a high and is ready for packaging.
concentration of bacteria are placed in several
locations inside the load, the load is then pasteurised Napasol Pasteurisation Lines for the Nut Industry
and the inoculated samples are retrieved and sent
back to the laboratory for analysis. A microbial Napasol AG is a Swiss Company with worldwide
reduction performance of >100’000 times (5log) distribution of its pasteurisation technology. The
is expected for a successful pasteurisation. This technology is suitable for all low moisture products
procedure needs to be repeated for three different from nuts to seeds, herbs, spices, botanicals, and
pasteurisation runs. dry fruit.
CASHEW WEEK
Napasol offers a range of equipment sizes tailored Guodong Zhang et al. Prevalence of Salmonella in
to the through put needs of its customers and each Cashews, Hazelnuts, Macadamia Nuts, Pecans, Pine
line is custom built to fit into their processing Nuts and Walnuts in the United States. Journal
facility. Sizes range from 1 bin units with a 700kg/h of Food Protection. Vol 80, Nov 3, 2017. (http://
capacity and a small foot print of 5 meters in length, jfoodprotection.org/doi/pdf/10.4315/0362-028X.
up to 6 bin units with throughputs of 7000kg/h and JFP-16-396)
40 meters in length.
Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Consultation on Risk
Pasteuriser Pasteuriser Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Foods.
Number of bins
Model throughput kg/h July 17-21 2000, FAO headquarters, Rome Italy.
Statisol 300 1 750 (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agns/
Statisol 600 2 2’400
pdf/jemra/SL00_en.pdf)
Statisol 1200 4 4’800
Statisol 1800 6 7’200
FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act) Final Rule
Napasol Pasteurisation line of 6 bins showing full for Preventive Controls for Human Food. Current
bins from the top (left) and bins lined up on the Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and
loading platform ready to enter the pasteuriser. Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food.
Photos courtesy of Poindexter Nut Company. CA, September 2015. (https://www.fda.gov/Food/
USA GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm334115.htm)
...................................................................................
References Author Profile
Dr Cameon Ivarsson, Co-founder and CEO of Napasol
Harris, L.J., M. Palumbo, L.R. Beuchat, and M.D.
North America, has been involved in developing at and
Danyluk. 2017. Out breaks of food borne illness
commercialising the pasteurisation technology, the
associated with the consumption of tree nuts, company offers. Cameon holds a PhD from the University
peanuts, and sesame seeds: Table and References. of Lausanne, Switzerland is a frequent contributor to
(http://ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu/files/169530. scientific publications, and is member of technical and
pdf) scientific committees of major industry associations.
CASHEW WEEK
The Rapidly Evolving Cashew

Sector in Benin
James Obarowski, TechnoServe, BeninCaju
The cashew nut sector occupies a prominent

place in the development of Benin's economy.
Introduced in Benin in the aftermath of
independence in the form of state plantations
as a solution to reforestation and diversification
of crops, cashew then emerged in the 1990s in
production systems as a very important cash
crop. It is now the second most important export
crop after cotton, 21 percent of exports by value
contributing over 2 percent of GDP.
Over the past five years, production has been

around 120,000 tons and employs over 200,000
producers. Although the yield is still low (300 to
400 kg / ha), current production ranks Benin as
the third largest producer of cashew nuts in West
Africa after Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea Bissau and
Benin, the “forests of cashew” is visibly a significant global exporter.
being transformed into pruned, cleaned
orchards that are controlled for pests Though it may not be readily apparent from
and cleared of diseased trees. Farmer Cotonou, the nature of production is changing
attitudes and practices are shifting quickly in the field which will pay dividends
towards these more professionally in the years ahead in terms of quality and
managed plantations regardless of farm yields. Technical support from projects such
size.
as BeninCaju (USDA/TechnoServe/CRS) and
ProAgri (GIZ) to farmers whom were further
incentivized by rising RCN prices has led to
dramatic changes in farm management. For the
first time in Benin, the “forests of cashew” is
visibly being transformed into pruned, cleaned
orchards that are controlled for pests and
cleared of diseased trees. Farmer attitudes
and practices are shifting towards these more
professionally managed plantations regardless
of farm size. New farmers are joining the sector
CASHEW WEEK
planting a new while the oldest fields are being The rapidly growing processing sector in
replanted, which is creating entrepreneurial Benin indicates that success is possible,
opportunities to establish processional nurseries if the right enabling environment and
to supply them. Those nurseries in turn are being
support are in place.
supported to select high-quality grafting stock,
ensuring a rising average yield for Benin in the
coming years. Following the initial steps of organising private
sector actors and establishing a competitive
With these advances and some of the highest levy on raw cashew exports in 2017, additional
quality nuts in the world, Benin’s place as an reforms in the coming months include the
exporter of raw nuts in secure and the national creation of a cashew and Shea Council, clarified
industry may have simply contented itself rules on registration of economic actors, and
to specialise in this part of the value chain. the deployment of a dedicated division for
However, while a thriving cashew industry in cashew within the Ministry of Agriculture. These
Benin will always include a significant portion of entities will ensure responsive state support to
raw nuts exported, local processing establishes the private sector and farmers, ensuring high-
strong stakeholders with deep roots to help quality, growing production and a conducive
organise farmers and drive investments and business climate.
innovation in production, which benefits the
whole industry with increased yield, quality, With this institutional support structure in
and total volume. It also creates thousands place and favourable fiscal policies for cashew
of jobs and supports other local business processing, local and international investors are
service providers. These advantages have been moving into cashew processing in Benin. While the
noticed by other producing nations, but many funding for initial investment in infrastructure
have struggled to foster profitable, growing and equipment for processing is available, would-
processing companies. The rapidly growing be processors face the technical and managerial
processing sector in Benin indicates that success challenges of deploying it profitably in a highly
is possible, if the right enabling environment competitive global market. Dedicated, in-
and support are in place. house support from successful implementers to
train and then coach and support staff over the
Thanks to the combined efforts of all stakeholders, first several months of operation is critical to
the Benin cashew industry is now well structured successful launch. This kind of support has been
at the top, with the National Federation of made available both by sector experts (such as
Cashew Producers of Benin (FENAPAB), the USDA/TechnoServe) as well as by an increasingly
National Council of Cashew Transformers (CNTC), collegial community of processors in Benin,
the National Federation of Buyers of Tropical willing to collaborate, share key resources for
Agricultural Products (FENAPAT) and the National mutual benefit, and warn newcomers of major
Council of Cashew Exporters (CoNEC). These pitfalls. This is particularly true of certain
entities are united within an inter-professional suppliers and services, as well as cashew nut
association of the cashew sector, which was by product production which is essential to
recently created and serves as a platform for contribute to business margins but difficult to
the actors and promotion of a Public Private develop as a lone processor. If this solidarity
Partnership. continues to strengthen, Benin’s processors, as a
CASHEW WEEK
The final key to successful cashew nut whole economy with its full value realised through
processing is affordable financing. The nationally consumed secondary products.
banking sector in Benin has opened up
significantly to the cashew processing For the five-year period 2016-2021, the
sector through active participation in Government of Benin aims to implement a
workshops and other opportunities program to develop the cashew nut sector to
to better understand cashew market make it an attractive sector that generates
dynamics and risk environment. jobs and income through the modernization
of production, processing and distribution of
cashew nuts and derived products. The progress
group, face a highly promising future.
already achieved in the last two years has set
The final key to successful cashew nut processing
the industry well along the path to achieve these
is affordable financing. The banking sector in
goals. Benin and Beninese entrepreneurs are
Benin has opened up significantly to the cashew
seeking investors, partners, and customers as
processing sector through active participation
cashew in Benin flowers into a thriving industry.
in workshops and other opportunities to better
The global industry should take notice.
understand cashew market dynamics and risk
...........................................................
environment. Historically both lending terms
Author Profile
and rates have posed challenges to profitably
James Obarowski leads ‘TechnoServe’s BeninCaju
financing a season, as have delays and other
project’, in supporting farmers, industry and public-
issues of responsiveness. Banks can continue to
sector partners to expand the cashew industry in
reduce costs by investing in internal expertise
Benin. His experience of over 11 years in emerging
and capacity to advise and support processors.
markets has convinced him that facilitating business
Another key challenge in the past has been sub-
opportunities can deliver prosperity to farmers,
optimal debt-equity mix, particularly given the
entrepreneurs, and communities. James holds an MBA
comparative rates. Greater market awareness by
from IE Business School and speaks English, French
banks, good processor-customer relationships,
and Haitian Kreyol.
and greater strategic assessment by processors
of a contextually optimal financial structure will
combine to manage risk and drive down costs,
ensuring continued growth in the years ahead for
Caution to Readers
local processors.
Although paid advertisements appear in
this publication (in print, online, or in
As Benin’s cashew nut processing industry grows
other electronic formats), Foretell Business
and matures, it will be complemented by the
Solutions Private Limited (the owner of
already nascent innovations and new product
cashewinfo.com) does not endorse the
development from cashew apple. A previously advertised product, service, or company, or
neglected resource, with improved marketing any of the claims made by the advertisement.
and technical support to micro-producers, a Readers are encouraged to do the necessary
cottage industry is being established driven by due diligence. However, in the interest of the
local demand for products such as natural cashew industry, please share your concerns, if any,
apple juice. Additional products in development by writing to us at content@cashewinfo.com
will diversify the offering and ensure that cashew
in Benin is not just a limited export crop but a
CASHEW WEEK
Financing the Dynamic Growth of the

Cashew Industry
Coralie David, Senior Research Analyst, responsAbility Investments AG
The type of financing needed varies from

region to region. Although Africa is a
major producer, it exports most of its raw
cashews to Asia for processing. Long-term
financing is therefore needed to build
factories in Africa to allow processing
to be carried out locally – creating
additional value for African producers. In
Asia, investees require working capital
financing to bridge the gap between the
purchase of raw cashews and the pre-
shipment stage.
producers, account respectively for 24 and 22

percent of global production. Over the last decade,
the African production has almost tripled. While
The global consumption of cashews has risen the production has been stable in India, it has
sharply in recent years. In order to benefit from increased by 60 percent in Cote d’Ivoire since 2013.
this demand, producers, processors and exporters In 2017, Africa accounted for almost 60 percent of
require access to financing which leads to higher the global output.
productivity, improved market access and better
incomes for producers. The links between Africa and Asia are strong: most
raw cashews produced in Africa are exported to
The global demand for cashews has grown by up to India and Vietnam to be processed. Vietnam and
7 percent per year recently and continues to rise. India are the main exporters of processed cashews,
The demand for cashews has grown faster than the accounting for up to 90% of the cashews processed in
demand for other nuts, even almonds. In view of the world. However, over the last years, processing
their high nutritional value, cashews have become capacity in Africa has increased, which represents
increasingly popular with consumers as they adopt a risk for Asian processors.
healthier lifestyles and include more edible nuts
in their diets. In 2017, around 750,000 tons of Financing, short and long term
cashews were consumed worldwide, 80 percent as To support the sector’s development, companies
snacks and 20 percent as processed food such as along the value chain require financing. Raw cashew
health bars. traders use financing to bridge the gap between
purchasing cashews from farmers and receiving
Production Sky-Rocketing in Africa payment from their buyers, while processing firms
Over the past ten years, the production of cashews need capital to fund the gap between buying raw
has grown by 27 percent and the exports by 60 cashews and selling the processed product, or to
percent. India and Cote d’Ivoire, the top cashew cover the costs of new vehicle and equipment.
CASHEW WEEK
The type of financing needed varies from region

to region. Although Africa is a major producer, responsAbility: Financing over USD 100 m
it exports most of its raw cashews to Asia for across the Cashew Value Chain
processing. Long-term financing is therefore needed
responsAbility Investments AG is one of the
to build factories in Africa to allow processing to
world’s leading asset managers specialising
be carried out locally – creating additional value in development investments in emerging
for African producers. In Asia, investees require economies. Founded in 2003, it manages USD 3
working capital financing to bridge the gap between billion of assets invested in over 540 companies
the purchase of raw cashews and the pre-shipment in 90 countries. Through its agriculture fund,
it invests across the agricultural value chain,
stage. focusing on companies that display a strong
commitment to sustainable production and/or
Target: a positive impact on smallholder farmers trade.
Cashews are an important commodity in

The rapid growth of cashew industry offers large
responsAbility’s agricultural investment
investment opportunities in growing companies. portfolio, accounting for eight percent of
As cashews are mostly produced by smallholder the total net asset value in 2017. Since 2013,
farmers, investments can effectively contribute investment vehicles managed by responsAbility
to improving farmers’ incomes and food security. have provided over USD 100 million of financing
to investees in the industry, with USD 51 million
responsAbility targets companies that meet
distributed in 2017 alone.
strict eligibility guidelines. Investees must have
a sustainable business model; create economic In Africa, responsAbility works with investees
opportunities for low-income populations; improve from Côte d’Ivoire, Tanzania and Togo, who
access to markets, productivity and quality; and appreciated the company’s competitive pricing
and the ability to put in place structures not
contribute to creating jobs.
offered by other providers. In Asia, where
responsAbility focuses on India and Vietnam,
However, significant price fluctuations and the low the company’s most sought-after offering is
quality of cashews hinder the development of the the provision of flexible loans in US dollars –
industry. While prices have increased over the last meeting a need not generally served by local
banks.
decade and even skyrocketed in the last two years,
they have not done so steadily, which creates responsAbility supports the development of the
uncertainty for market players. Furthermore, nuts cashew supply chain from the production to the
are often of low quality due to poor drying, weak processing and trading of cashews, financing
storage and transport capacity in Africa, and the cashew processing activities in Africa as well
as the export of raw cashews from Africa to
tightness of the market, which results in a fierce clients’ factories in Asia. The ultimate goal is
competition between African exporters and Asian to help finance the entire value chain across
importers that disregard quality. continents.
..............................................................
Access to finance can help address many of these
Author Profile
problems. In order to guarantee success, it is vital Coralie David is a Senior Research Analyst at
that the financing partner understands the specific responsAbility Investments AG. Following various field
requirement of each company active within the missions in developing countries as the Manager of
cashew value chain and has a range of offering to agricultural development projects, she worked at the
OECD where she led reviews of agricultural investment
cover their respective needs – allowing the entire
policy in emerging markets. Coralie joined responsAbility
value chain to grow and meet the rising worldwide in September 2016. She holds a master of agro-economist
demand. from the National Institute of Agronomy of Paris and a
master in Development Economics of Harvard University.
CASHEW WEEK
Nigeria’s Action Plan for

Cashew Season – 2018
Tola Faseru, Chairman, Colossus Investments Limited, Nigeria
Many new plantations have sprung up

in several states across the nation and
our farmers are constantly being trained
on good agricultural practices. This has
drastically improved our quality, yield and
reduced wastage to the barest minimum.
The Nigerian cashew industry has made a lot of

progress in recent time and this is attributable
to the commitment of the National Cashew
Association of Nigeria and the government of
Nigeria both at federal and the state levels to
develop the cashew sector.
The road map for cashew industry development

in Nigeria 2016-2020 is focused on increasing
The road map for cashew industry Nigeria’s cashew production from 160,000 tons in
2015 to 500,000 tons in four years, and processing
development in Nigeria 2016-2020 is
70 percent of total cashew production.
focused on increasing Nigeria’s cashew
production from 160,000 tons in 2015 to
This road map has been largely successful;
500,000 tons in four years, and processing cashew production in 2017 was 220,000 tons,
70 percent of total cashew production. which was a major leap from 175,000 tons in the
2016 season.
For the 2018 cashew season, the weather is

fine and the cashew trees have started fruiting
accordingly. Some states have started to harvest
their cashew gradually and others are preparing
to harvest. The crop is expected to be out in
great volume by end of January or early February,
2018.
CASHEW WEEK
The Honorable Minister of Agriculture and ways of collaboration with Vietnam in developing
Rural Development, Chief Innocent Audu our cashew processing in Nigeria. A lot of
transformation is being envisaged to follow this
Ogbeh was in Vietnam in November-2017
very important business visit.
on a visit to explore ways of collaboration
with Vietnam in developing our cashew
We look forward to a highly successful cashew
processing in Nigeria. season in 2018.
............................................................
Author Profile
Moisture is less than 10 percent maximum
Mr. Babatola Olutoba Faseru is the President, of
according to the training that the farmers and
National Cashew Association of Nigeria (NCAN). He
local buying agents have received on post-harvest
has a rich background in merchant banking spanning
handling practices. The quality is excellent
over eight years before founding Colossus Investments
between 48 and 51 KOR, nut count is between 170
Limited in 1999.
and 200.
Tola, an astute businessman, is the Executive Chairman,

Many new plantations have sprung up in several
Colossus Investments Limited, a commodity exporting
states across the nation and our farmers are
company trading raw cashew nuts, cocoa beans, sesame
constantly being trained on good agricultural
seed and ginger.
practices. This has drastically improved our
quality, yield and reduced wastage to the barest
Since his election as the National President of Nigeria’s
minimum. The reduction in wastage has led to
cashew body, The National Cashew Association of
an increase in our volumes. The training is to
Nigeria (NCAN) he has introduced far reaching changes
continue across the various cashew producing
that have brought about significant improvement in
states of the nation in the course of the year.
cashew production and quality in Nigeria.
It is our determination to improve on last year's

outstanding results where Nigerian cashew quality
ranked among the best in the world; we intend to
continue to improve the Nigerian cashew brand
and perception globally.
Caution to Readers
Although paid advertisements appear in
Our governments is going to be lending huge
this publication (in print, online, or in
support to processing and are encouraging more
other electronic formats), Foretell Business
people to add value to the raw cashew nuts Solutions Private Limited (the owner of
before exporting same. This would generate cashewinfo.com) does not endorse the
more income, create additional jobs, create new advertised product, service, or company, or
products for exports and promote value addition any of the claims made by the advertisement.
to the raw cashew nuts. It is worthy to mention Readers are encouraged to do the necessary
that as a demonstration of our government's due diligence. However, in the interest of the
commitment to support processing his Excellency, industry, please share your concerns, if any,
the Honorable Minister of Agriculture and Rural by writing to us at content@cashewinfo.com
Development, Chief Innocent Audu Ogbeh was in
Vietnam in November-2017 on a visit to explore
CASHEW WEEK
Pasteurisation of Cashews and

other Dry Food Products
Gerhard Knol, Product Manager, Log5 – The Netherlands
Pasteurisation (the inactivation of bacteria

which can make you ill) of dry products
can be achieved by means of heat,
radiation or chemicals.
overview, the most common principles are:

1. Short wave radiation (gamma rays) gives
safety and labeling issues
2. Long wave radiation (Infra-red or radio
waves): effectiveness dependent on moisture
levels inside the product.
3. Chemicals (fumigation/spraying): Applicable
for pest control, but chemical (PPO, Poly
Propylene Oxide) not allowed due to
carcinogenic properties, when exporting to
the EU.
4. Dry heat: If only pest control is needed,
A primary concern in food quality and safety are uniformly heating the product to temperatures
pests and microbiological contamination. Pests of > 60 °C for a certain period is sufficient.
can cause significant economic damage by boring
small holes in the shell and thus degrading the Wet or Humid Heat: Direct Injected or Vacuum
quality of the nuts. Steam
Steam is a very economical way of transferring
Pest and bacteriological hazards can be prevented heat quickly to a product. Condensation of steam
by pasteurizing the nuts using warm humid air. In on a product will transfer heat and moisture to
this article, I will focus on an overview of methods the product surface creating circumstances in
that address pests and bacteria at the same which bacteria and pests are quickly inactivated.
time. Specifically, I will focus on the solution as
developed by Log5®: Pasteurisation by means of However, a big disadvantage of steam systems
warm air with a controlled relative humidity. is that dry products absorb moisture very
quickly because condensation results in rapid,
Pasteurisation Methods uncontrolled and unlimited moisture transfer. This
Pasteurisation (the inactivation of bacteria which leads to significant negative effects on texture,
can make you ill) of dry products can be achieved colour, skin release and shelf life. Moisture
by means of heat, radiation or chemicals. In increase can be limited, but not fully controlled
CASHEW WEEK
Board of California prescribes heating an almond

(approx. 0.45 water activities) with just dry heat
to 129°C for 50 minutes to get a four-log reduction
of Salmonella.
By controlling the temperature of the product

and the Relative Humidity and temperature of the
pasteurization air Log5 pasteurises almonds and
other tree nut at much lower temperatures and
much shorter times.
by conditioning / pre-heating the product before
steam treatment. But this also leads to high surface
temperatures of the product, resulting in colour
changes. Conditioning should be performed with
great care as dry products are very fragile. Even
gentle vibratory conveying systems are known to
result in product damage. Vacuum steam limits
surface temperatures but does not address or
limit moisture absorbance.
Humid heat
Log5 chose to work
with conventional
humid heat in a
novel way. Gentle
heating alone Because moisture addition on dry products can
can be sufficient have dramatic negative side effects (colour
to inactivate change, texture loss, shorter shelf live, oil
pests without release, skins come off and food safety concerns)
causing significant Log5 controls the temperature and moisture
changes to the content of the pasteurization air before it is used
product, but will to inactivate pathogens on the product. By doing
not be enough to inactivate (pathogenic) bacteria this, we make your product safe, while keeping
on dry foods. If pasteurisation temperatures need the product looking and tasting like it was never
to stay low to protect the quality of the product treated to begin with.
then moisture must also be used in a controlled
method. Lowering the water activity from 0.8 to To achieve this remarkable result, we developed
0.45 (typical for dry foods) increases the time an innovative system that is patented worldwide.
needed to inactivate Salmonella by a factor 10 Before we use humid air to inactivate bacteria,
(Shuxiang Liu, et al., WSU, 2016). Cashews with we condition the product by gently heating it to
5 percent moisture have a water activity of a temperature which prevents condensation. By
approximately 0.8, if moisture drops to 2 percent preventing condensation, we avoid wetting of
the water activity becomes 0.45. The Almond the skin and excessive absorption of moisture,
CASHEW WEEK
resulting in an excellent quality naturally Steam is a very economical way of

pasteurised product. We call this process awcp, transferring heat quickly to a product.
Water Activity Controlled Pasteurisation. Humidity
Condensation of steam on a product will
(=water in gaseous form) will enter even in the
transfer heat and moisture to the product
tiniest holes or crevices; droplet formation is
surface creating circumstances in which
prevented and moisture absorption is limited by
controlling the humidity of the surrounding air. bacteria and pests are quickly inactivated.
Description of the Equipment

System pasteurising sunflower seeds at CHS
After an in-depth research period, Log5 decided
inc. Fargo, North Dakota USA.CHS (one of our
to use the well-known Lehmann “counter flow”
pasteurisation customers) was recently interviewed
principle” as the basis for the pasteurization
by Food & Drink magazine; please follow this link
system (Lehman is part of the Royal Duyvis Wiener
to the article: http://www.fooddrink-magazine.
group to which Log5 also belongs).
com/sections/producers/2243-chs-sunflower
The product is gently transported down from the

Advantages of the Log5 Solution for Cashew
top of the machine to the bottom in consecutive
Processing
steps, tightly controlling dwell time, and gently
1. Our solution is suitable for fragile products
mixing the product. After the conditioning step,
that damage easily including: Cashews,
the product is brought in contact with warm
Walnuts, Almonds and Macadamia’s. The
humid air in the pasteurization section. The
taste, appearance and ‘crunch’ will not
conditioning step is performed with a counter
change and the products will appear to be
current flow of air (moving from the bottom to the
raw, not treated.
top) maximizing energy efficiency, and minimizing
2. Swelling of cashews during pasteurisation is
product damage (no cracks/crevices due to small
prevented because we control the contact
temperature difference between the air and the
with moisture. Therefore, we avoid the shiny
product).
appearance which is
common when using
steam based methods.
We use water in gas
form, which has proven
to be a very effective
pasteurization method
while being gentle to
the product.
3. The product is
uniformly treated
because we gently
mix the product
every time it travels
down. Differences in
temperature between
products laying on
CASHEW WEEK
Swelling of cashews during pasteurisation action in the rare case one of these values is not
is prevented because we control the achieved. Thus, our clients can guarantee that
they always deliver products free from pests and
contact with moisture. Therefore,
pathogens to their customers.
we avoid the shiny appearance which
is common when using steam based
Latest Technological Advances
methods. We use water in gas form, In the last year alone three Log5 systems were
which has proven to be a very effective installed and validated in the USA. Several
pasteurization method while being gentle additional units are on order scheduled for
to the product. delivery and start-up in 2018
The 2017, installations were a big success. As an

top and bottom compared to the middle are example we would like to quote Wes Dick from
avoided. CHS Sunflower Inc. in Fargo, USA: “Log5 gave
4. Our system can be used for all sizes and us log reduction and its equipment holds the
varieties and is not dependent on product size. characteristics of the sunflower. We tested the
Small pieces (down to 2-3 mm) and whole nuts equipment, ordered it and installed it in our Fargo,
can be treated alike. N.D. facility” and “Pasteurisation is fairly new to
5. We have unique control over process time, the industry, and there is a dramatic difference in
humidity and temperature, making the system the appearance, texture and mouth-feel of seeds
easy to validate while maintaining excellent pasteurised in our facility versus what’s done in
product quality some other facilities around the country.”
6. Our system is continuous and can be easily
placed in front of an (existing) packaging At Sacramento Valley Walnut Growers, we found
line. No human interaction (which is a that our process is also very suitable for the
recontamination risk) is needed. treatment Walnuts. Their pasteurised walnuts are
7. We minimise the risk of recontamination as commercially available and it stands out both in
we do not re-circulate and use fresh air only. quality and shelf life.
8. Operating costs are low due to high energy
efficiency and only one person needed to Research in our own pilot plant has shown that the
operate equipment running 1500 – 5000 kg/hr. Log5 pasteurisation process has a positive effect
9. Also inactivates higher live forms like insects, on shelf live. For a number of products oxidation
insect eggs etc. is slowed down due to this process.
............................................................
After startup of our pasteurisation systems, Author Profile:
we recommend that an independent process Gerhard Knol, Product Manager Log5, graduated in
authority validates the log reduction values 1994 with masters in food science from the University
achieved at certain process settings. All process of Wageningen in the Netherlands. During his career,
settings related to log reductions are defined as he has worked for several food companies and
critical. equipment suppliers. During the last five years, he
has extensively worked on research and development
In our PLC programming, we continuously log and of the Log5 pasteurisation equipment for dry foods.
store these critical values, and take automatic
CASHEW WEEK
An Innovative Approach for

Preserving Quality and Enhancing
Value of Raw Cashews
quality issue. In many occasions, raw nut collected

is rushed to shipping instead of giving it the proper
POST HARVEST treatment. Resulting problems are
easily summarised in the following pictures (Pics 1
to 5).
Pic.1 Pic.2
The quality of the raw cashew nut should be the

primary target of a fair trade and an international
standard processing. Quality processed kernels Pic.3 Pic.4
on the market strictly depend on a good and fair
quality of the original raw material. RCN quality
surely depends on the genetic material that
produces it and on the agronomical practices
implemented by the growers. But it also depends
on the POST HARVEST treatment given to it from
the moment the nut is harvested up to its storage
in the processing factories’ warehouses.
The trading of the raw cashew nuts from the origin

Pic.5
countries in Africa to receiving countries of India
and Vietnam has been recently hit by a generalised
CASHEW WEEK
In addition to that, it has been proven that a • Clean RCN from heavy foreign matters (small
shipment of fair average quality raw material to far stones, ground, sand etc), light foreign matters
away destination such as India and Vietnam may (leaves, ropes, strings, plastic sheets , paper)
cause a drop in the KOR from departure to arrival • Remove a good portion of empty nuts this
of about two points. increasing the KOR of the lot
• Dry the RCN to a desired level in a controlled
In any case, even when RCN is properly dried and
way
cleaned, it is mandatory to try to preserve its
• Vacuum pack the RCN in 1-1.5 tons big bag so as
features until the moment of the processing.
to stop any further deterioration of the quality
Any agricultural commodity has a POST HARVEST

The following rendering describes a typical
treatment that includes:
OLTREMARE POST HARVEST Treatment Unit and
• CLEANING or removal of foreign matters VACUUM PACKING unit of 100 T/24 hours:
• DRYING or reduction of moisture up to a level
to avoid further deterioration and
• PACKING or conditioning of the product so to
preserve its original characteristics until the
processing
For coffee, cocoa, rice and other grains, in general

these activities are mechanized allowing to reduce
the cost involved and to control the final conditions
of the product.
In the cashew industry, the majority of such

activities are done manually with the utilization of
huge manpower and space thus increasing the cost
of the delivered raw material without having the
assurance of its final quality and moisture (Pics 6
and 7).
Pic.6 Pic.7 The advantages of the units are:

1. No more manual labour to move RCN
OLTREMARE proposes a comprehensive solution for
2. Restricted space requirement
the POST HARVEST Treatment and VACUUM PACKING 3. High volume done in a short time: Shorter
of the raw cashew nut that answers all the issues shipping time
explained above. Specifically, OLTREMARE units 4. Full control of drying parameters
can: 5. Independent on climate conditions
6. Infestation control
CASHEW WEEK
7. Prevents KOR drop during transit storage

8. Prevents KOR drop during storage • Prevents mouldings during transit and storage
9. Full traceability • Prevents decrease or increase of moisture
10. Possibility to ship in 40” containers: once goods during transit or storage
are ready, no wait for full cargo load • Extended shelf life of the raw nuts allowing
11. Full protection during transport/transit from: long term storage, if required
air moisture, dust, insect, condensation • Insect control: by means of MAP (gas injection)
12. Avoids condensation preventing materials such insect can be neutralized thus avoiding
as moisture bags, craft paper etc. quarantine in some destination countries
(Brazil)
The VACQPACK VACUUM PACKING SYSTEM for • Theft and fraud prevention during storage and
big volumes packages is the new frontier in transportation
commodities packing. Rice, peanuts, almonds, • Full traceability: thanks to the bar code and
hazel nuts, coffee, cocoa, spices, herbs are more label printing
and more packed with such new technology which • Hardware and Software by OLTREMARE, with
advantages are undisputable. The picture no. 8 service centre in any major producing country.
shows a comparison of 1.6 tons of cashew packed
in traditional jute bags and with the VACQPACK
Vacuum Technology.
Pic.9 Pic.10
The system is based on a high barrier 7-layer liner

supplied with an embedded special bidirectional
valve (Pics 9 and 10) that allows creating vacuum
and injecting gas once the entire package is sealed.
The liner can be used inside a FIBC Big Bag or

outside for the same big bag. In principle, it can
even be used as an outside liner of traditional jute
Pic.8
bags but in this case many of the above mentioned
• Size & volume of packaging up to customer’s advantages will be lost (Pics 11 to 12).
request up to 1.6 tons per Big Bag
• Easy, fast, safe handling of high volumes of
product: it shortens loading and unloading
time, container and truck waiting time,
shipment operation and formalities
• Optimized container load: 16 tons in a 20 “ FCL
and 24 tons in a 40” FCL, resulting in lower Pic.11 Pic.12
transportation costs
• Prevents KOR deterioration during transit and
CASHEW WEEK
Pic.20
Pic.13 Pic.14
Pic.21
Pic.15 Pic.16
Pic.22 Pic.23 Pic.24
Pic.17 Pic.18 Pic.19
The equipment is simple, light, flexible, portable

Pic.25 Pic.26
and makes the operations fast and easy (Pics 20 to
22). It is controlled by a dedicated software that
Life of RCN shippers and their customers will be made
allows customers recipes on specific needs (Pics
much easier in using the OLTREMARE and VACQPACK
23 and 24), it records each and every operation
solution for the POST HARVEST TREATMENT and
and can even transfer packing data and other
VACUUM PACKING of cashew.
information onto a label or on a bar code (Pics 25
and 26).
The two systems can be supplied integrated into one
system for the desired capacity or independently.
CASHEW WEEK
Pasteurisation of Cashew Kernels:

Ways and Means and its Impact on
Final Quality and Compliance to
Food Safety Norms
product contamination by foreign matters of any

kind, insects and pests, pathogenic micro-organism
(bacteria) such as Salmonella, E-Coli, and Listeria
etc. In other words, we can say that COMPLIANCE
to FOOD SAFETY RULES means producing cashews
which are free from foreign matters, insect, pest
and pathogenic microorganisms.
Pasteurisation is only one of the various activities

that a processor must put in place to have
COMPLIANCE to FOOD SAFETY RULES. Pasteurising
a product full of foreign matters or insect will not
serve the purpose. From here, there is a need to
have a comprehensive approach to FOOD SAFETY.
On the side of the foreign matters removal,

the practice should be to avoid any possible
contamination from the beginning of the process
up to the final packing. However, in order to assure
Food safety is nowadays a paramount for the food
a very high compliance to specifications, it is
industry and the requirements of pasteurisation for
advisable to run a cleaning process of the product
the cashew finished products are more and more
just before the filling into the final package.
requested as market sources say that in EU, almost
OLTREMARE proposes a 3-step continuous cleaning
50 percent of the product is reaching the consumer
process as follows:
as raw for health reasons, in single packages or
mixed with other nuts and/or dry fruit.
• Sieving: Heavy foreign matters, debris, shell, glass,
stones metals smaller than a certain size, etc.
The concept of FOOD SAFETY, in general, is a series
• Aspiration: Loose testa, hair, paper and plastic
of activities, management practices, operation
foils fragments, strings, etc.
practices, mindset and training aimed at minimising
• X-Ray sorting: Glass, stones, metals, ceramic
the risk for the final consumer of contracting food
etc. which are not previously removed by the
borne illnesses. Applied to the cashew processing,
sieve
it refers to all those activities preventing the
CASHEW WEEK
The below rendering shows a typical continuous designed to achieve the following main targets:
OLTREMARE CLEANING AND PACKING LINE:
Preserving Sensory: Controlled effect on the
sensory aspects (such as taste, color, texture etc.)
of cashew products, thus organolectic properties
are preserved
No Change in Appearance: Any visible difference

in physical appearance between treated and
untreated products, particularly no physical
damages to products
• Specification Compliance: Complies with the
cashew products’ specifications in terms of
microbiological compliance, aiming at reducing
The pest control and the reduction of the micro- the number of viable pathogenic
biological load in the product can be obtained by • Microorganisms to a level at which they
a pasteurisation or a process to eliminate insect are unlikely to cause an health issue, thus
and pathogens micro-organism (bacteria). The complying with applicable legislations
Pasteurisation of cashews poses various issues: • Infestation control, aiming at killing living
insects in each development stage (including
• Shape and conformation of the kernel: eggs and larvae) in such way that fumigation
Curled and hollow kernels offer easy shelters or additional treatment are no longer required
to microorganism which are not reached
by superficial treatment like infra red or No use of Chemicals: Does not use chemicals
ultraviolet radiation during processing, uses air for mild temperature
• Easy sensory (color, taste and texture) changes treatment
due to overheat via high temperature or high
residence time Sustainable Performances: Fully continuous process
• Moisture control: Heat treatments, in general, with sustainable performance: the pasteurizer can
produce moisture reduction be easily integrated in an existing production flow
but also works as a standalone machine
Answering these issues, OLTREMARE has developed
an innovative line of pasteurisers and infestation Easy to use: Enjoys of an easy-to-use advanced
control systems that can be easily integrated control system to ensure 100% compliance with key
into the HACCP system of the cashew processors processing parameters
and fully complies with food safety management
certification requirements such as BRC, FSSC22K Various Capacities: Has a range of capacities so to
etc. satisfy many production requirements
The OLTREMARE line of pasteurisers represents 5 Log Reductions: Is able to achieve log 5 reduction
the latest solution to have sustainable control of on viable pathogenic micro-organism, validation
cashew specification compliance, in particular with and verification according to international accepted
microbiological standards and absence of live- standards
infestation requirements.
100% Insect Elimination: The pasteurization
The OLTREMARE innovative pasteuriser has been process makes sure of a complete neutralization of
CASHEW WEEK
live insects, larvae’s and eggs
No Moisture Loss: Ensures moisture content of the

product at the exit according to specification and
moisture content can be adjusted with controlled
effect on sensory and product weight. In other
words no loss of moisture is happening during the
treatment while, on the contrary, if moisture is too
low it can be brought close to market specifications
Full Validation: Report available

from Bureau Veritas for the
results of the selected treatment
on log reduction of viable
pathogenic micro-organism
(Salmonella & E.coli ), insect
and pests, sensory aspects and moisture content
The OLTREMARE PASTEURIZER can be installed

in line with the OLTREMARE CLEANING AND
PACKING LINE thus assuring that the treated
product is immediately cleaned and packed after
pasteurization without any other human touch.
The Dutch Company NCP – Nuts Cleaning and

Packaging, based in the nearby of the Rotterdam
Port, a joint venture between OLTREMARE and the
PPD Invest Group, supplies food safety related
services based on the above. It is in process of ..............................................................
Author Profile
obtaining the BRC Certification while it is already
Mr. Stefano Massari is Owner and Managing Director of
SKAL Certified. See pictures below. Oltremare Srl of Italy. Stefano has joined the company in 1986
after graduation in Statistical and Economical Sciences at Alma
Mater Bologna University and since then he has dedicated his
entire professional life to the cashew industry. During his time
at Oltremare he has taken part to the most challenging cashew
nut processing projects in any major producing and processing
country. He is Director in NCP - Nuts cleaning and Packaging
BV in Holland a company supplying services to the cashew nut
industry. Stefano handles his cashew activity with competence,
honesty, loyalty, passion, dedication and result oriented
determination and, being a Rotarian, with the Service spirit
that never abandons in any aspect of his life.
CASHEW WEEK
Key Aspects of FSMA Preventive

Control Rule
Bob Bauer, President, Association of Food Industries
Cashew suppliers should be wary of

customers who do not ask them for
food safety information because it may
create problems for that customer down
the road. In such situations the supplier
should immediately discuss the issue with
the customer to ensure the supply chain
isn’t interrupted.
enforcement of the requirements will come from

industry, not regulators! That point can’t be stressed
enough. The chances of a government inspection of
a cashew production facility or a customer in the
U.S. or other country are slim; there just aren’t
enough resources for governments to inspect a high
percentage of facilities. However, no U.S. importer
The Food Safety Modernisation Act is the biggest or customer of a U.S. importer will want to take the
change to U.S. food law in 70+ years. FSMA’s impact risk of a subpar government inspection or worse yet,
on the cashew industry is huge, whether or not the a consumer issue. Most importers are being asked
cashew kernels make their way to the U.S. market. by their customers for food safety information
Why would a U.S. law impact product not intended regarding their products. Those who aren’t must
for sale there? Several reasons. One is that FSMA still have this documentation on hand to satisfy the
builds off concepts already in place in regions such regulations. Some smart importers were collecting
as the European Union. Secondly, other countries see the information before the regulations went into
what’s being required by FSMA and are introducing effect and using that as a means to demonstrate to
regulations with similar requirements. their customers and potential customers that they
are a proactive company that is aware of and meets
The biggest reason why FSMA and similar regulations all regulations. Suppliers should do the same.
passed by other countries will impact the cashew
sector (and just about every other sector in the food Cashew suppliers should be wary of customers who
industry) is because it has/will become the de facto do not ask them for food safety information because
standard in terms of food safety. And the day-to-day it may create problems for that customer down
CASHEW WEEK
the road. In such situations, the supplier should

immediately discuss the issue with the customer When FSMA was first introduced some
to ensure the supply chain isn’t interrupted. suppliers said they would just move on
Customers who run into compliance issues might from selling to the U.S. market. However,
not be able to pay for product or might not be able
with so many countries with similar
to continuing buying product from their suppliers.
regulations, the better course of action is
So what information is required? Each facility that
to be proactive and work to ensure safe
produces food to be sold in the U.S. (whether the product is shipped, no matter what its
facility is in the U.S. or another country) must have final destination.
a food safety plan for each product it produces. The
plan must identify all known or foreseeable hazards
(microbiological, chemical and physical) related successful completion of the course, participants
to the food. It then must state how these hazards receive a PCQI certificate. That certificate can be
will be addressed, what steps will be taken if the used to show FDA inspectors and customers that
hazard arises and how the plan will be monitored the person is a PCQI. Even those with extensive
and verified. All of this must be written, including work experience and education have found it
all monitoring that takes place. The plan must valuable to take the FSPCA course, so it’s strongly
be written and overseen by a Preventive Control recommended.
Qualified Individual (PCQI). There are two ways to
be considered a PCQI. One is through a combination Some in the industry will have heard about
of work experience and education, as long as that exemptions and delayed implementation times
education includes training on preventive controls. based on the size of the producer. There’s also
There are some differences between Hazard Analysis a partial exemption that could apply to cashews
Critical Control Points (HACCP) and preventive because the further processing (the roasting
controls, so the PCQI must have knowledge of process) will address some of the potential hazards.
preventive controls. The other way and best way The reality, however, is that customer’s still need
to demonstrate a person is a PCQI is to take the to know how the product is grown/handled before
Preventive Controls for Human Food course offered they receive it.
by the Food Safety Preventive Controls Alliance.
This course is the standard curriculum recognised There are two types of realities. There’s the
by the Food and Drug Administration. The course regulatory reality – the actual requirements as
is offered in-person around the world, online spelled out by FDA. Then there’s the commercial
and a combination of online and in-person. Upon reality. FSMA is huge. There are seven major rules,
most taking hundreds of pages to explain. The
PCQI course mentioned above is a 2.5-day course
and it’s just one several offered for the various
There are some differences between
FSMA rules. The reality here is that people’s
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
understanding of that volume of information
(HACCP) and preventive controls, so the
ranges. Suppliers may be selling to importers with
PCQI must have knowledge of preventive many customers, all requesting slightly different
controls. information based on their understanding of the
requirements. The importers themselves might
CASHEW WEEK
have differing understanding of the requirements, they are importing is being supplied by facilities
so it’s recommended foreign suppliers do what they following adequate food safety plans. Importers
can to understand the regulations so they can have have to plan themselves and the documentation
intelligent conversations with their customers. that shows the plan is adequate, is being followed
and is being verified through audits or some other
means. That means large companies may have to
verify hundreds or thousands of products.
As noted in the beginning of this article, the

U.S. requirements are not much different than
requirements in place in other countries. When
FSMA was first introduced some suppliers said
they would just move on from selling to the U.S.
market. However, with so many countries with
similar regulations, the better course of action is
to be proactive and work to ensure safe product is
shipped, no matter what its final destination. This
will help ensure the continued growth and long-
term health of the cashew industry.
..............................................................
Author Profile:
One common request will be third-party audits, Bob Bauer is the President of the Association of Food
so cashew suppliers should expect (if it hasn’t Industries; headquartered in Neptune, N.J. AFI is
happened already) to receive requests for third- an International Trade Association which fosters
party audits. It’s important these audits are international trade in food products. The association
conducted against all U.S. regulations and the has approximately 1,000 member companies throughout
facility’s food safety plan. These audits will be a the world.
key tool for producers in proving their facilities are
producing food that meets the regulations, so it’s Mr. Bauer has served as President of AFI since January
important the audit is conducted by a reputable 2002. Prior to that, he served as Vice President of
auditor/auditing company. the organization for nearly six years. In 2005, he
was appointed to the Agricultural Technical Advisory
On the importer side, they are required to have Committee for trade in Processed Foods. He was
documentation that demonstrates all the food reappointed to that committee in 2008 and again in 2011
and 2015.
On the importer side, they are required

to have documentation that demonstrates
all the food they are importing is being
supplied by facilities following adequate
food safety plans.
CASHEW WEEK
Ways to Control Pests in Cashew using

Controlled Atmosphere Technology
Wouter Van Ravenhorst, Project Manager, EcO2
CA technology has several benefits. First

of all, CA technology is an environmentally
friendly pest control method. Public
concern about the adverse impacts of
chemical fumigation on humans and the
environment has resulted in changing
government regulations (e.g. Methyl
Bromide (MB)) and company policies.
cashew supply chain is seen as a major constraint,

resulting in quality and quantity losses, such as
a decrease in the nutritional value and increase
in rancid cashew. Adding to that, most countries
have imposed a zero tolerance policy to insects on
imported cashews and other food products.
In this article, I will talk about one of the key

solutions to control pests in cashew during storage,
Pest infestation throughout the entire
which is the Controlled Atmosphere (CA) technology.
cashew supply chain is seen as a major This technology is not new to the cashew world, but
constraint, resulting in quality and has received increased awareness over the years
quantity losses, such as a decrease in the for being a fast and effective treatment method.
nutritional value and increase in rancid The CA technology has numerous advantages for
cashew processors and buyers alike, compared to
cashew. Adding to that, most countries
other pest control techniques. But let me start with
have imposed a zero tolerance policy to explaining the basics of CA technology.
insects on imported cashews and other
food products. CA technology is based on the fundamental principle
that without oxygen nothing survive, even the
toughest insects. In others words, No Oxygen = No
Cashew nuts are a good source of proteins (about life! As you might know, the main gases in the Earth’s
20 percent). However, not all sources of proteins atmosphere are Nitrogen, N2 (78 percent), Oxygen,
are wanted. Cashew nuts are very susceptible O2 (21 percent) and Argon, Ar (0.9 percent). With
to infestation by insects; the undesired form of CA technology, the composition of these gases can
protein. Pest infestation throughout the entire be modified.
CASHEW WEEK
Infrastructure-wise, it requires a company to install non-toxic treatment with CA technology eliminates

airtight treatment chambers and a machine room, these complications.
commonly the size of a 20” container. The machine
room generates N2, which is flushed into the As mentioned before, controlling pests is done
chambers. As a result, N2 relative to O2 increases to avoid quality losses. Hence, the pest control
resulting in an ultra-low O2 level.The amount of technique itself should not lead to a decrease
N2 flushed into these chambers depends on the in cashew quality and hence value. While some
O2 level that needs to be achieved, which in turn pest control methods lead to discoloration, leave
depends on the type of insects. When combined residues, or damage the product in another way,
with a temperature increase, the CA technology CA technology does not affect cashew quality. The
proves lethal for all stages of insects, from egg to only effect on the cashew is the moisture level.
adult. That in a nutshell is CA technology. Generally, moisture will be reduced by 0.3 percent
till 0.5 percent after a treatment is completed.
CA technology has several benefits. First of all, The final benefit I would like to mention is the
CA technology is an environmentally friendly pest treatment time. CA technology is considerably
control method. Public concern about the adverse shorter than alternative fumigation methods. After
impacts of chemical fumigation on humans and the a treatment is completed, foreign matters such as
environment has resulted in changing government insects, metals and plastic can be filtered out using
regulations (e.g. Methyl Bromide (MB)) and a final processing line with sieving components and
company policies. Additionally, companies would an X-ray device to detect metals.
like to avoid the costs associated with degassing in
the discharge port in case the PPM is too high. CA Next to an effective pest control method, it
technology is completely chemical-free, leaves no is essential to keep cashew pest-free after
residues on the product and insects cannot develop fumigation. Post-treatment control of insects is as
resistance, as occurs with chemicals such as important as the treatment itself. It is ideal to have
Phosphine (PH3). Finally, the trend towards organic a treatment room with two doors. Consequently,
production makes chemicals obsolete overtime. A the product can enter the room on the “dirty”
CASHEW WEEK
side and leave the room on the clean side, where as the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum), in
the final processing and packing occurs. The clean Vietnam and Africa. Our clients include the major
side should be managed well; hygiene and cleaning as well medium-sized cashew processors. With more
procedures should be put in place for personnel and than 30 years of experience in pest management,
processing line(s) or equipment, and infestation EcO2 is the right choice to adequately address
from outside should also be prevented in every insect infestations in an environmentally friendly
possible way. Combined with CA, insects can be effective way.
effectively controlled to ensure a clean, pest-free ..............................................................
delivery to the final customer. Author Profile
Wouter Van Ravenhorst is the Project Manager of EcO2
Currently, I work for EcO2, a Leading Specialist in and manages one of EcO2’s Controlled Atmosphere
non-toxic pest control. EcO2 has constructed more treatment facilities. He works for the Vietnam branch
than 200 CA technology terminals around the world office and is therefore located in Ho Chi Minh City, one of
in over 26 countries, making it one of the largest the core markets for cashew. EcO2 is part of the Peterson
CA companies in the world. EcO2’s CA technology Control Union Group.
is widely used to treat cashew against insects, such
CASHEW WEEK
INCs First Ever Conference in India

is a Testimony of Country’s Growing
Dominance Over the Global Dry Fruits
and Nuts Trade
Ravinder Mehta, International Fruits and Nuts Organisation, New Delhi
Basic improvements in packaging and

labelling divisions along with FSSAI’s focus
on providing guidelines for healthy and
adulteration free foods are immensely
helped in increasing the shelf life and
promoting products further
The dynamics of the incremental growth of the

dry fruits and nuts market in India is a stimulating
response to the rather economically sedative
policies introduced lately. The growth can also be
attributed to the Indian cultural and food habits
that act as a catalyst for the sales.
Rightfully, the corner stones of the dry fruit sales

increment are the consumer. Standing at the
Encapsulating the festive traditions and crossroad of increasing taxes, stark differences
medieval emotional associations with the in the lifestyles limited along with healthy eating
produce, cashews steal the bestseller habits, engrained in the culture, the Indian
award. The indigenous produce has been consumer surprised the market by the escalated
seen increasing its ‘foodprint’ and making demand. Encapsulating the festive traditions and
medieval emotional associations with the produce,
its way into curries and small tiffin boxes.
cashews steal the bestseller award. The indigenous
produce has been seen increasing its ‘food print’
and making its way into curries and small tiffin
boxes.
Dry Fruits, initially a symbol of affluence in the

household, now seem to be contagiously spread
across the differently affording families. This
CASHEW WEEK
symbolism and the colossal availability of dry October well before the new crop 2017-18 could
fruits in India caused an increase in the demand at touch Indian markets. The prices despite a large
large. This economic behaviour of consumers has 2016 and predicted 2017 remained firm to bullish
been called psychology of an irrational consumer, but within buying range for traders and consumers.
healthy nevertheless. CY 2017-18’s subjected forecasted in May was 2200
million lbs & objective forecast in July stood 5.1
Amidst the multiple reasons for the rise in the percent higher at 2250 lbs. Global shipments till
demand for dry fruits and nuts is the increasing November 2017 were at 834 million lbs, 5 percent
awareness of health requirements which has higher Y-o-Y Basis with India’s share of 110 million
ensured consumption growth by way of adding new and if the trend continues this year, India would
consumers as well as forcing the existing consumers cross 200 million lbs which is achievable in the post
to consume more number of nuts per serving. GST era along with the price support.
Proliferation of disposable income levels and the The Goods and Services Tax, ‘GST’, is a
greater availability along with its visibility on the ‘revolutionary’, fiscal reform, was implemented on
retail shelves due to organised and modern retail 1st July 2017 with lots of fanfare. The tax rates for
practice. Basic improvements in packaging and almonds were increased to 12% from the earlier VAT
labelling divisions along with FSSAI’s focus on of 5% but despite its increase the markets in the
providing guidelines for healthy and adulteration last six months have not seen any adverse reaction
free foods are immensely helped in increasing the to consumption. The buyer segmentation has been
shelf life and promoting products further. able to absorb it against the health benefits. GST
has further opened up pan India markets with a
The consistent and acceptable quality as processing level playing field on tax rates; GST compliance
techniques are getting modernised, availability of policy along with making mandatory of E-way bills
newer products such as Hazel nuts, Pecan nuts, for any consignment above INR 50,000 has ensured
Brazil nuts along with Californian and Chile Walnuts, a tax corrupt free business with many of the
dried fruits etc, are leading to a healthy growth intermediaries losing their jobs.
of more than 15-20 percent year on year for the
dry fruits and nuts industry in terms of expanding As the GST was introduced, a common speculation
volumes. This is much ahead of the CAGR growth was that of a cascading effect in sales of nuts and
rate of 5.3 percent for the dry fruits market and dry fruits. Since, there were no stark taxes paid
6.5 percent for the market of dry fruits and nuts in by businessman on the procurement of the capital,
the Asia-Pacific. input services and raw material, the generalised tax
largely benefited. The level transparency proved to
Almonds’ CY 2016-17 ended with total shipments of
2101 million lbs, 16 percent increase on over 2015
crop. India’s Import stood at whopping 167 million
lbs, as against 127 million lbs on over 2015. With 32
In the pre-GST administration, the nuts
percent increase, India became the second largest would simply get imported to Delhi
consumer and export destination. Crop receipts market. An additional international
were at 2135 with carryover of 398.7 million lbs as freight and domestic transportation costs
against the projected 404 million lbs. made it rather expensive, coming from
international markets.
Indians were in a buying spree from February till
July 2017 as Diwali was earlier in the month of
CASHEW WEEK
be of value as the trade duties minimised chances Indian Dry Fruits and Nuts markets is currently
of smuggles and uncounted surplus. With the help valued around INR 32,000 crores or a whopping 4.8
of ‘One Tax, One Nation’, many tax distortions have billion US $ industry and with volumes estimated
vanished away. During VAT regime, the trader used around 707,000 Mts. There is an increase of over
to collect the ‘Value Added Tax’ and deposit it to 20 percent from last year on value terms and about
the respective departments, which had enough 9-10 percent on volume basis, going forward the
room for manipulation. Indian market is expected to have a value worth of
INR 50,000 crores by 2020, within two years from
In the pre-GST administration, the nuts would now. The volume, however, may not double based
simply get imported to Delhi market. An additional on the flux of the global productions.
international freight and domestic transportation
costs made it rather expensive, coming from INC held its first ever conference in Chennai, India
international markets. However, almonds today during May-2017, which in itself is a proof of the
are being imported in about 19 regions, across growing dominance of India over the Global Dry
India. Ergo, making it more competitive; ensuring Fruits and Nuts trade.
easy availability in most of the consuming states,
thereby, increasing the volumes through higher
consumption.
2018 Events Calander
Gulfood INC XXXVII World Nut and Summer Fancy Food Show
18 - 22 February 2018
th nd
Dried Fruit Congress 30th June – 2nd July 2018
Dubai World Trade Centre 1st May 21-23, 2018 Sevilla, Spain
Sevilla, Spain
The 12th ACA Annual Cashew The 10th VINACAS Golden 3rd Edition of Cashew
Conference & Expo 2018 Cashew Rendezvous Processing Equipments and
Cote d’Ivoire Hanoi-Halong Bay Technology Show
September-2018 November-2018
Abidjan – Cote d’Ivoire
Estimated Global Countrywise Cashew Kernel Consumption Trends (Tons)
60
Cashewinfo Research Desk
% share
Countries 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 CAGR
(2016)
East Europe 7968 9119 10723 11603 9115 11815 11605 12322 13008 15085 10000 12633 4.28% 1.77%
Bulgaria 24 60 176 155 263 267 275 328 250 170 154 315 26.50% 0.04%
Czech Republic 270 144 48 0.01%
Greece 708 384 639 1055 625 812 692 204 1565 2139 2267 2887 13.64% 0.40%
Hungary 162 187 153 181 122 283 310 101 89 215 267 191 1.53% 0.03%
Poland 456 468 623 922 878 1075 886 748 1001 2240 2439 3132 19.14% 0.44%
Romania 24 21 25 62 213 123 133 87 197 256 383 28.85% 0.05%
Russia 6250 7066 7855 8027 5856 8130 8233 9777 9522 9291 3563 4463 -3.02% 0.63%
An Initiative of CashewInfo.com
Slovakia 85 153 274 324 277 347 379 178 242 464 729 890 23.81% 0.12%
CASHEW WEEK
Ukraine 260 781 1002 915 1030 688 706 852 253 99 181 324 2.04% 0.05%
West Europe 66860 67438 74216 85111 81724 74998 78326 78574 77062 95339 104793 103796 4.08% 14.54%
Austria 325 323 444 754 551 935 875 774 888 1046 1285 1234 12.88% 0.17%
Belgium 1355 701 1951 975 2563 1669 2403 1155 941 1553 1400 941 -3.26% 0.13%
Czechia 433 291 525 264 199 485 148 218 228 449 674 721 4.75% 0.10%
Denmark 117 144 284 395 322 485 913 948 712 683 669 447 12.93% 0.06%
Estonia 23 102 214 390 357 234 46 367 97 348 390 288 25.68% 0.04%
Finland 42 85 266 128 520 952 922 435 300 602 968 794 30.69% 0.11%
France 8441 7371 7924 8640 8038 7331 9199 8346 8302 10022 10309 9487 1.07% 1.33%
Germany 19815 18301 18720 13349 15913 17680 18853 25078 17539 22835 23566 21288 0.65% 2.98%
Ireland 794 323 296 369 327 656 249 166 179 379 590 633 -2.04% 0.09%
Italy 2174 2746 2218 1825 2975 3504 2818 4416 5518 7368 6822 6747 10.84% 0.95%
Latvia 272 287 591 854 442 252 436 503 81 173 39 -16.25% 0.01%
Lithuania 405 147 333 331 267 244 308 496 242 242 133 282 -3.23% 0.04%
Luxembourg 3378 3013 2989 3092 2726 3040 2347 2154 2418 3004 3322 3444 0.18% 0.48%
Netherlands 9871 15263 16061 32345 23197 15931 20654 13392 18949 21981 24650 27597 9.80% 3.87%
Norway 576 702 826 1129 850 1058 911 784 1160 1580 1548 1752 10.65% 0.25%
Portugal 592 509 617 517 734 644 439 317 950 485 548 1147 6.20% 0.16%
Slovenia 30 60 67 111 123 79 85 264 142 96 106 211 19.45% 0.03%
Spain 4584 4316 4550 4659 4717 4376 4353 4227 4353 4519 5301 4713 0.25% 0.66%
Sweden 519 846 1208 1552 1637 1911 1534 1719 1253 1251 1518 1433 9.68% 0.20%
Switzerland 213 160 417 774 553 618 625 561 580 827 940 1215 17.15% 0.17%
United Kingdom (UK) 12902 11748 13716 12659 14714 12913 10207 12253 12313 15987 19881 19382 3.77% 2.72%
Asia 142725 173160 196031 220427 232344 200283 248834 299217 302212 344012 356350 308223 7.25% 43.18%
China 20006 23587 26005 30668 38782 32722 37938 47192 52303 51743 51289 53312 9.32% 7.47%
Hong Kong 770 972 752 1412 814 906 929 1050 2193 2368 2382 2676 11.99% 0.37%
India 115410 143500 162930 180600 184110 157940 200730 242220 234390 269850 284000 237000 6.76% 33.20%
Japan 6161 4584 5476 6858 7200 7530 8040 7438 8300 12316 11596 9332 3.85% 1.31%
Nepal 32 32 35 13 750 546 466 759 33.36% 0.11%
Korea 310 413 805 805 1182 849 1046 1204 1640 4089 3210 2715 21.81% 0.38%
www.cashewinfo.com
Sri Lanka 36 104 63 52 255 301 151 101 18 200 411 46 2.17% 0.01%
Taiwan 2617 2901 2996 2383 0.33%
Volume 19 Issue 3
Central Asia 164 183 262 350 529 416 525 307 489 590 724 1337 20.99% 0.19%
Afghanistan 10 223 296 529 642 0.09%
Kazakhstan 164 183 262 350 529 416 525 220 107 144 90 672 13.66% 0.09%
Turkmenistan 77 158 150 105 23 0.00%
ASEAN 4684 5021 5335 7299 10712 8724 12598 10276 15122 14506 16402 15114 11.24% 2.12%
Brunei 115 124 0.00%
Malaysia 397 282 510 576 690 788 747 253 1078 761 916 797 6.54% 0.11%
Philippines 127 200 406 582 1055 585 419 1259 1201 1336 1060 1174 22.45% 0.16%
Singapore 2278 1558 2840 2429 2600 3496 4978 2337 5848 4106 2347 2454 0.68% 0.34%
Thailand 900 868 1579 1697 2147 3855 3179 4839 6995 8188 8874 7633 21.46% 1.07%
Vietnam 983 2114 2015 4220 3276 1588 3081 3056 10.86% 0.43%
Volume 19 Issue 3
Middle East 11687 9314 18241 21686 19384 19316 20666 29611 36631 42541 39787 40525 11.97% 5.68%
Baharain 648 667 714 698 0.10%
Egypt 719 649 1501 1925 2266 2510 1491 2299 1104 1345 754 375 -5.74% 0.05%
Iran 2286 4175 5987 7210 10782 16200 13850 12302 16.53% 1.72%
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Iraq 219 820 407 14 59 528 1060 1884 21.61% 0.26%
Israel 1138 1213 1241 1948 2263 2268 1933 3486 3911 4465 4274 5117 14.65% 0.72%
Jordan 186 304 368 31 60 134 581 824 696 573 843 14.70% 0.12%
Kuwait 50 18 81 94 88 181 153 338 1550 1776 1786 2008 39.92% 0.28%
Lebanon 1688 1640 2475 2423 3380 3145 2165 4067 1773 1022 781 862 -5.92% 0.12%
Oman 305 1331 1277 948 1020 0.14%
Qatar 73 117 221 14 15 77 177 725 917 978 1085 27.76% 0.15%
Saudi Arabia 3991 4361 4597 3847 5139 4973 4648 7002 5834 7335 8158 8501 7.12% 1.19%
Syria 107 149 455 594 969 1127 1088 449 134 138 105 0.00%
Turkey 564 776 1172 1617 1301 1862 1815 918 675 1144 1092 532 -0.53% 0.07%
United Arab Emirates 600 508 1076 2035 3934 3176 7148 2630 7137 4459 4516 5013 21.29% 0.70%
Yemen 66 226 220 88 203 573 197 284 14.22% 0.04%
Africa 1551 1859 2172 1642 2193 2379 4606 2276 760 878 2646 1723 0.96% 0.24%
South Africa 1355 1818 2057 1383 1887 1888 4044 1721 617 685 2444 1529 1.10% 0.21%
Tunisia 196 40 116 259 306 491 562 555 143 193 202 193 -0.11% 0.03%
North and South America 124430 123337 135975 123095 126857 130155 113176 120775 146510 153787 168048 162014 2.43% 22.70%
Argentina 306 294 460 269 537 592 273 662 808 565 617 688 7.64% 0.10%
Canada 9254 7039 8934 9092 8289 8929 7187 9552 12001 13030 12789 12505 2.77% 1.75%
Chile 89 122 143 286 179 288 158 264 236 192 195 297 11.63% 0.04%
Colombia 20 60 53 91 81 81 109 91 206 168 190 166 21.22% 0.02%
Guatemala 16 32 32 32 150 127 222 216 286 216 138 0.02%
Mexico 621 568 782 705 623 798 472 783 834 776 677 528 -1.47% 0.07%
Peru 49 33 66 25 16 79 75 118 127 9.09% 0.02%
Trinidad and Tobago 70 115 99 108 126 128 32 25 461 559 621 432 17.99% 0.06%
Uruguay 26 35 48 64 46 23 19 24 23 21 38 26 0.00%
United States 113995 115089 125424 112415 116944 119100 104774 109136 131647 138116 152588 147107 2.35% 20.61%
Oceania 14405 15473 16559 15738 15943 17406 15500 17737 18192 19592 20198 18506 2.30% 2.59%
Australia 12993 14317 14659 14387 13997 15255 13715 15504 15692 16759 17189 15756 1.77% 2.21%
New Zealand 1412 1156 1900 1351 1946 2151 1785 2233 2500 2833 3009 2750 6.25% 0.39%
World Total
392827 404904 468050 516952 535801 495493 543835 590094 615000 711311 732240 713871 5.58% 100.00%
(including others)
An Initiative of CashewInfo.com
CASHEW WEEK
61
Note: The data is derived from CEPCI, VINACAS, UN Com Trade, USITC, bps, etc.,
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CASHEW WEEK Volume 19 Issue 3

SPECIAL EDITION TO CELEBRATE

CORPORATE ACTION PL STRATEGY

Cashews the 'Cash Nut'

2018 RCN Crop in West Africa vs Kernel Price

For sample reports & subscription, contact:

Various nutritional and health benefits of consuming cashew nuts by eminent

Page 33 The Rapidly Evolving Cashew Sector in Benin, James Obarowski

Page 54 Ways to Control Pests in Cashew using Controlled Atmosphere

Page 60 Estimated Global Countrywise Cashew Kernel Consumption Trends, Cashewinfo

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to extend a

It gives me immense pleasure that the fourth edition of the “World

I take this opportunity to appreciate the efforts of CashewInfo.com

India, being the pioneers in cashew cultivation, processing and trading

“TALK ABOUT CASHEW, THINK ABOUT VIETNAM”

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Orientation for 2018: Volume reduction and quality increase

VINACAS four key development programs from 2016 - 2020:

Nguyen Duc Thanh

Dear Cashew Stakeholders,

It is my pleasure to welcome you to the 4th edition of the World

Without a doubt, agriculture plays a significant role in the global

Cashews the ‘Cash Nut’

India has grown to become worlds’

It has been a fascinating Journey for cashews over

On the other hand, during the same period Vietnam

It is quite interesting to note that despite of this

Note: African production has grown from around

Raw Cashew prices: largest consumer, rest of the world’s consumption

2. Affluence and affordability amongst consuming

4. Cashew kernel being recognised as a healthy

Cashews are also a good source of iron,

fatty acids, plus about 66 percent of this

Update on Indian Cashew Markets

2018 RCN Crop in

This year, given the rather favorable

approach 1.8 million mt from West Africa.

Some contracts have been done from Ghana with a

Nigeria is on the Right Path to

The government regulators (federal

and we hope the volume will increase to 200,000

The association efforts with government support

Action Plan of the National Strategy for

Committee Problems Solutions Actors

Food Safety and Pasteurisation

To date, the means to mitigate this

However, such a method is unlikely to reduce the

Napasol has developed a pasteurisation The Napasol Pasteurisation Technology

The Rapidly Evolving Cashew

The cashew nut sector occupies a prominent

Over the past five years, production has been

Financing the Dynamic Growth of the

The type of financing needed varies from

producers, account respectively for 24 and 22

The type of financing needed varies from region

Cashews are an important commodity in

Nigeria’s Action Plan for

Many new plantations have sprung up

The Nigerian cashew industry has made a lot of

The road map for cashew industry development

For the 2018 cashew season, the weather is

Tola, an astute businessman, is the Executive Chairman,

It is our determination to improve on last year's

Pasteurisation of Cashews and