8.2 What does a row of the timeline represent?

Ans-A project timeline is made up of rows. each representing a certain activity that is named in
the label to the left. The rows, in turn, contain timeline items such as bars, milestones and
brackets. You can explicitly select an entire row to change its look, add or remove labels, drag it
to another location or use Shift+Alt and the cursor keys ? and ? to move it.

Adding and Removing rows:-To insert a new row, select an existing row and use the image
Insert Row button in the think-cell context menu. Alternatively, press Alt+Insert. If all other
rows are deleted, there is still the extra row left at the very bottom of the chart which you can
click to open the context menu and create new rows.

The keyboard shortcut Alt+Insert also inserts new rows while editing labels, and the first label of
the newly inserted row is automatically selected. This way you can add rows and keep typing
without reaching for the mouse. Likewise, you can use Alt and the cursor keys ? ? ? ? to move
the cursor across labels.

You can also use the image Delete button in the think-cell context menu to delete an entire row.
The keyboard shortcut for deletion is Delete.

8.4Why are different parts of movies placed in different layers?

Ans-In black-and-white photographic film there is usually one layer of silver halide crystals.
When the exposed silver halide grains are developed, the silver halide crystals are converted to
metallic silver, which blocks light and appears as the black part of the film negative. Color film
has at least three sensitive layers, incorporating different combinations of sensitizing dyes.
Typically the blue-sensitive layer is on top, followed by a yellow filter layer to stop any
remaining blue light from affecting the layers below. Next come a green-and-blue sensitive
layer, and a red-and-blue sensitive layer, which record the green and red images respectively.
During development, the exposed silver halide crystals are converted to metallic silver, just as
with black-and-white film. But in a color film, the by-products of the development reaction
simultaneously combine with chemicals known as color couplers that are included either in the
film itself or in the developer solution to form colored dyes.with upwards of 20 different
chemicals in each layer. A typical composition includes multiple layers that represent
components such as video and audio footage items, animated text and vector graphics, still
images, and lights. You add a footage item to a composition by creating a layer for which the
footage item is the source. You then arrange layers within a composition in space and time, and
composite using transparency features to determine which parts of underlying layers show
through the layers stacked on top of them.

8.5 What is the playhead?

Ans-The Playhead is a vertical line that indicates the current position in all horizontal time base
windows.It is positione,in the lower half of the Bar ruler is displayed.At the top of the Bar rular
when two rular are the display.

8.7 Describe the stroke and fill of a figure.

Ans-A fill is a color enclosed by a path. A stroke is a line of color that precisely follows a path.
To run the coloring book metaphor into the ground (carpet?), the stroke is the line, and the fill is
the inside-the-line that you aren’t supposed to color outside of (but you did anyway because you
weren’t about to let your parents stifle your creativity!). Color is a loose term here; it can mean a
solid color, a pattern, or a gradient.
8.8 What figures can be created with the Polystar Tool?

Ans-

1.In the Timeline, select the Content layer.

2.In the Tools panel, select the PolyStar tool. You may need to click the lower-right control on
the Rectangle tool to see a menu that displays the PolyStar tool.

3.Click anywhere in the gray workspace beside the Stage to display properties for the shape
you'll create. In the Property inspector (Window > Properties), verify that black is selected as the
stroke color, 1 pixel is selected as the stroke height, and Solid is selected as the stroke style.

The stroke is the line that outlines your shape.

8.11 Explain what the Straighten, Smooth, and Ink menu items for freehand drawing do.

Ans-The Pencil tool is used to draw freeform lines by dragging the cursor along the Stage. It can
be set to draw straight lines and smooth curves. The stroke width, style, and colour can be set
using the Stroke panel. We'll cover that at the end of the lecture.

Smooth Mode

The Smooth mode has a lesser effect than Straighten mode. It smooths out the bumpiness in
curved lines and closes end points together. It has no effect on straight lines.

Ink Mode

The Ink mode doesn't apply any straightening, smoothing, connecting or shape recognition to
your drawings. The Pencil is simply a freehand drawing tool when Ink mode is selected.
8.12 How does one specify that a text box is to wrap its contents?

Ans-You can enable text wrapping for a number of controls in Microsoft Office InfoPath,
including text boxes, rich text boxes, and expression boxes. When text wrapping is enabled for a
control, text will automatically wrap inside that control when users type into it. If text wrapping
is disabled, any text that exceeds the width of the control will be hidden. You can also change the
way that text wraps around picture controls on the form template.

Enable or disable text wrapping for a text box, rich text box, or expression box.

1.Right-click the control for which you want to enable or disable text wrapping, and then click
Control Properties on the shortcut menu.

2.Click the Display tab.

3.Select or clear the Wrap text check box.

8.16 What is an asset?

Ans-An asset is anything of value that can be converted into cash. Assets are owned by
individuals, businesses and govermemt.

Assets are often grouped into two broad categories: liquid assets and illiquid assets. A liquid
asset is one that can be converted into cash quickly with little to no effect on the price received.
For example, stocks, money market instruments and government bonds are liquid assets. Illiquid
assets, on the other hand, are assets that cannot be converted into cash quickly without
substantial loss in value. Examples of illiquid assets include houses, antiques and other
collectibles
8.18 By what are vector graphic figures represented internally?

Ans-Vector graphics is the use of polygons to represent images in computer graphics. Vector
graphics are based on vectors, which lead through locations called control points or nodes. Each
of these points has a definite position on the x- and y-axes of the work plane and determines the
direction of the path; further, each path may be assigned various attributes, including such values
as stroke color, shape, curve, thickness.

8.19 What advantage to vector graphic figures have over bitmap graphic figures?

Ans-Advantages to this drawing over bitmap graphic

(a)This minimal amount of information translates to a much smaller file size compared to large
raster images (the size of representation does not depend on the dimensions of the object),
though a vector graphic with a small file size is often said to lack detail compared with a real
world photo.

(b)Correspondingly, one can infinitely zoom in on e.g., a circle arc, and it remains smooth. On
the other hand, a polygon representing a curve will reveal being not really curved

(c)On zooming in, lines and curves need not get wider proportionally. Often the width is either
not increased or less than proportional. On the other hand, irregular curves represented by simple
geometric shapes may be made proportionally wider when zooming in, to keep them looking
smooth and not like these geometric shapes.

(d)From a 3-D perspective, rendering shadows is also much more realistic with vector graphics,
as shadows can be abstracted into the rays of light from which they are formed. This allows for
photo realistic images and renderings
8.20 What actions convert a drawn figure on the stage into a symbol?

Ans-After you create a symbol, you can create instances of that symbol throughout your
document, including inside other symbols.When you modify the symbol, Animate updates all
instances of the symbol.You can give names to instances from the Property inspector. Use the
instance name to refer to an instance in ActionScript. To control instances, give each instance
within a single timeline a unique name.To specify color effects, assign actions, set the graphic
display mode, or change the behavior of new instances, use the Property inspector. The behavior
of the instance is the same as the symbol behavior, unless you specify otherwise. Any changes
you make affect only the instance and not the symbol

Create an instance of a symbol

1.Select a layer in the Timeline. Animate can place instances only in keyframes, always on the
current layer. If you don’t select a keyframe, Animate adds the instance to the first keyframe to
the left of the current frame.

2.Select Window > Library.

3.Drag the symbol from the library to the Stage.

4.If you created an instance of a graphic symbol, to add the number of frames that will contain
the graphic symbol, select Insert > Timeline>Frame.

8.21 What is in a file with the .swf extension?

Ans-An SWF file is an animation created with Adobe Flash, that can be played by Flash Player
or with a web browser that has the Flash plugin installed. It may contain text, vector and raster
graphics, and interactive content written in ActionScript.
SWF files are commonly used to bring animated graphics, video, and sound to the web. They are
also a popular means of delivering browser-based games. Because SWF files contain compiled
ActionScript and compressed media, they are not meant to be edited. To modify a Flash
animation, it is recommended to edit the original .FLA file instead.

8.22 What is in a file with the .fla extension?

Ans-An FLA file is an animation project created by Adobe Animate, a program used to draw and
publish interactive animations. It contains graphics, video, text elements, audio, and other assets.
FLA files are often saved as.SWF files for use on the web as they are viewable in most web
browsers with the Flash plugin.

When you open an FLA file in the Animate environment you will see five main parts. The
environment includes a stage that shows the visible area, a timeline that controls the timing of
the elements, a tools panel that contains tools for working with elements in the project, a
property inspector that displays information about elements, and a library panel that stores media
elements.

8.24 What is the basic process of animation in a movie?

Ans-The process of animation is long and complex. A typical Pixar animation takes four to five
years to complete. Pixar's filmmaking process is a design process, alternating iterations of
planning and implementation, all centred on storytelling.
Pixar's process is based on a few simple approaches. Films are visually developed, meaning
their process is one that celebrates visual presentation rather than narrative. They use traditional
skills, like drawing, painting, sculpture and storytelling in their planning process.

Pixar develop their ideas slowly, using an iterative process that attempts to add value to the work
of others.

They work on their films as a team, collaboratively. Part of their ability to collaborate comes
from a design process that involves the routine exchange of design products between the
designers and animators.

8.25 How is a layer renamed?

Ans-

When renaming layers in the Layers panel. double-click the layer name to rename it. Then,
without pressing the Enter/Return key to apply the new name, simply tap the Tab key to move to
the layer below. This makes it much faster to rename a larger number of layers.

8.26 What is tweening?

Ans-Tweening is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the
appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.tweenging are the
drawings between the key frames which help to create the illusion of motion.tweenging is a key
process in all types of animation, including computer animation.
8.27 What is a keyframe?

Ans-A key frame in animation and film making is a drawing that defines the starting and ending
points of any smooth transition. The drawings are called "frames" because their position in time
is measured in frames on a strip of film. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the
viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines
the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do
not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with inbetweens

8.28 What is a blank keyframe?

Ans-A blank key frame is simply that a key frame with no content. On a new flash document,
you have one blank key frame as default. If you go to frame 20 and hit F6, you are adding
another key frame which will contain the same contents as the frame(s) before it. Since there is
nothing in the frame(s) before it, you are simply just adding another blank key frame. If you have
content in frame 1 (like a shape or symbol) and go to frame 20 and hit F6, you are extending the
content from frame 1 to frame 20. Now, if you need to, you can go to frame 10 and hit F6 again
to make another key frame for that content. At this point, you have three key frames in which
you can alter the content. Go back to frame 10, click on the key frame, and move it on the stage.
If you play this animation, you will see the effect.

8.30 What is the purpose of the Free Transform Tool?

Ans-The free transform tool is a multi-purpose tool,which duplicate the copy of several other.it is
not directly duplicate menu command or transform palleate.This tool can
rotat,Scale,Reflact,Share and Distort.
1.To rotate a select object,simply position the free transform tool outside the object bonding
box.The cursor turn into two header arrow and you can drag it desired direction of rotation.The
shift key containt the rotation of 45 angle

2.To scale an object with the free transform tool,position the cursure on an anchore point of the
object bounding box

3.Reflection with the free transform tool is simply ammater of dragging and object bounding box
handale past the other side of object.