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an GROUP company
Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tegral Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies do not accept responsibility for
errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for, or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods of working are for
information only and Tegral Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactures by Tegral
Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies, the customer should satisfy himself/herself of their suitability.
Our Company Our Partners This guide covers the key elements, Our guiding principles are objectivity
Tegral Metal Forming is part of the Tegral Through a long-standing partnership with issues and considerations the designer and professionalism, our goal is to help
Group and a subsidiary of the Etex Group, a Corus, a world-renowned manufacturer
faces when selecting structural our customer find the right solution
world-renowned international building of steel and aluminium, Tegral customers
products company. For over 25 years, and specifiers are assured of the highest products. Tegral Metal Forming offers and our commitment to quality and
Tegral Metal Forming has been to the standards and quality in all Tegral products. metal applications that include floor excellence in everything we do,
forefront of development with regard to decking, roof decking, purlins & rails. remains constant.
roofing, cladding and flooring systems. Our Standards The product range is extensive,
All manufacturing in Athy meets For further technical information on all
Based in Athy, Co. Kildare, the Tegral Group innovative and of superior quality.
with the stringent requirements Tegral products, please contact our
consists of Tegral Building Products and of Quality Assurance systems This is strongly supported by a
Technical Services Department:
Tegral Metal Forming. Tegral Building to ISO 9001:2000. professional team of technical services
Products is Ireland’s largest manufacturer Tel: 059 86 40750
experts available to assist the designer
and distributor of roofing products and Our People Email: metaltech@tegral.com
in the process.
Tegral Metal Forming Ltd. is a leading People really do matter at Tegral Metal
manufacturer and supplier of metal roofing Forming. Recently the company proudly
and flooring systems for the construction embraced and succeeded in
industry. achieving the “Excellence Through
People” award, Ireland’s national
The comprehensive product range is standard for human resource Project: The Helix, Dublin City University, Dublin
designed to suit most applications in development. Architects: A & D Wejchert
modern commercial, industrial and Engineers: O’Connor, Sutton, Cronin
agricultural construction. Over the years, Our Industry Associates Product: Tegral Roof Decking, Cladding Rails
Tegral Metal Forming has developed an Tegral Metal Forming takes an active role
expertise in every aspect of metal systems in the promotion of the metal industry and
application. is involved in the Roof Manufacturers and
Suppliers Association (RMSA) in Ireland,
the Metal Cladding and Roofing
Manufacturers Association (MCRMA)
in the UK and also the Irish Farm
Buildings Association.
1 2
DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Product Range DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Product Range
Structural products from Tegral are designed and Floor Decking, Roof Decking, Purlins & Rails The most comprehensive range of Floor Decking
manufactured to maximise the structural integrity The Tegral range of structural products includes a large Tegral’s ComFlor range of composite steel floor
and effectiveness of metal in construction. selection of floor decking, roof decking and the Zeta floor decking systems available decking profiles acts as both a permanent formwork
range of purlins.
in Ireland. and provides shear bond to in-situ poured concrete
Tegframe Framing System floors so that the two materials act compositely.
Light Gauge Steel Framing System combining the
Composite floor construction has contributed
benefits of cold-rolled steel framing with innovative
design. Tegframe is the lightest, most steel-efficient
significantly to the growth of steel frames in recent
Project: George’s Quay, Dublin
framing system on the market. Architects: Keane, Murphy, Duff years. This is primarily due to the speed and safety
Engineers: Project Management, of the construction, savings in transport costs,
Product Description Application Group Mechanical & Consulting Engineers. shallower construction depths and ease of building
Project Managers, Cleary McCabe services installation.
Floor decking Metal floor decking For use in all buildings Product: Tegral Floor Decking
● Two deep decks in a range of profiles residential, commercial and
ComFlor 210 & for use with wet industrial.
Slimdek® SD225
● Five
shallow decks
concrete in the
construction of NEW • NEW • NEW • NEW
composite flooring
ComFlor 46, 51, 60
80 and 100
● Sevenprofiles suited
to composite flooring
● Tenprofiles suited to
permanent formwork
3 4
DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Product Range DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Product Range
60
Facilitates building height reduction or bonus of an
180 120
additional storey.
ComFlor 80
Comprehensive ‘Comdek’ design software available. Cover width 600
300
Manufactured locally. 15
80
90 180 120
ComFlor 100
Cover width 700
37 109
100
233.3 63
210
52
56
27.5
27.5
32.6 225
285
residential buildings. D60
265
245
200
225
Perf
200
175
(13%)
150
*
125
D100 233.3
Perf
(12%)
D159
Perf 250
(8%)
200
185
170
155
140
125
88
D210
Tegral D100 perforated 52
210
7 8
DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Product Range
‘Strong flooring is
D135 Cover width 930
173 38 137
the foundation of a
136
310 sound and safe structure’
D135
Perf
(19%)
153
280
D150
Perf
(21%)
9 1
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE CONTENTS DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Floor Decking
Deep Decking
ComFlor® 210 page 35
SlimDek 225 page 41
Design Information page 45
Deep Decking
Construction Details page 50
Site Work page 54 Tegral offers two deep decking profiles that can
Transport & Handling page 62 span approximately six metres unpropped. Both
Health & Safety page 63 decks can be used in conjunction with the Corus
Asymmetric Slimflor Beam (ASB). The composite
Formwork page 60
floor deck is supported by the lower flange of
Floor Decking Design Disk page 65 the ASB, which is wider than the top flange.
Refer to Corus Slimdek® manual for full details
on ASB.
Formwork (non-composite)
2 3
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Floor Decking
Product benefits
Weight
Due to the intrinsic efficiency of composite
construction and the displacement of concrete by the
profile shape, considerably less concrete is used than
in conventional reinforced concrete construction.
This reduces the weight of both the primary structure
and foundations.
Floor height
Composite beams use the slab as a compression
element, which increases their stiffness and reduces
their size. The composite slab itself has a very low
centre of reinforcement compared to a conventionally
reinforced slab and therefore does not need the
same depth. These savings mean reduced floor zone
and thus contribute to the overall floor height.
Fire
Extensive testing and fire engineering work by Corus
Panels & Profiles and The Steel Construction Institute
have resulted in fire ratings of up to 4 hours being
available with the use of light mesh fibre within the
composite slab and no protection to the deck profile.
Services
Tegral composite floor decking incorporate systems
for the easy attachment of services, negating the
requirement to fix into concrete.
ComFlor® 46 (CF46), first introduced in 1985, is a ComFlor® 46 Composite Slab - Volume & Weight
simple trapezoidal composite deck with a strong and Volume & weight table notes
Overall Concrete Weight of Concrete (kN/m2 )
reliable shear bond performance. The profile is Slab Depth volume
economic and stackable, reducing transport and (mm) (m3/m2) Wet Dry 1. Deck and beam deflection (i.e. ponding is
handling costs. 110 0.091 2.14 2.10 not allowed for in the table.
115 0.096 2.26 2.21 2. Deck and mesh weight not included in the
120 0.101 2.38 2.33
weight of concrete figures.
130 0.111 2.61 2.56
Stackable 140 0.121 2.85 2.79 3. Density of concrete is taken as:
145 0.126 2.96 2.90
The ultra efficient stackability of ComFlor 46 Normal weight (wet) 2400 kg/m2
150 0.131 3.08 3.02
reduces the transport volume of the product.
180 0.161 3.79 3.71 Normal weight (dry) 2350 kg/m2
200 0.181 4.26 4.17 Note: For lightweight concrete contact Tegral
Easy service suspension
240 0.221 5.20 5.09 Technical Services Department.
Ceilings and lightweight services can easily be
attached to the punched hangar tabs, which can
be included with ComFlor 46. (These must be
Section Properties (per metre width)
specified at time of order.)
Nominal Design Height to Moment of Ultimate Moment capacity
Low concrete usage thickness thickness Profile weight Area of steel neutral axis inertia (kNm/m)
(mm) (mm) (kN/m2) (mm2/m) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging
The trapezoidal shape profile of ComFlor 46
reduces the volume of concrete used, with 0.90 0.86 0.09 1137 20.38 41.50 4.63 4.67
resultant savings in structural and foundation 1.20 1.16 0.13 1534 20.44 53.00 5.99 6.23
costs.
Design Notes
Deck material
Zinc coated steel to BS EN 10147:2000, Where EC4 mesh rules are used, the mesh may be
Fe E 280G, Z275, with a guaranteed minimum yield reduced midspan - see Design Information on
stress of 280 N/mm2. Minimum zinc coating mass is page 20. The reduced British Standard mesh values
275 g/m2 total including both sides. may still be used by overriding this default in the
Section through ComFlor 46 profile deck
design programme.
Quick reference tables
The quick reference load/span and fire design tables, Mesh top cover must be a minimum of 15mm, and
Anticrack Mesh are intended as a guide for initial design, based on a maximum of 30mm. Mesh laps are to be 300mm
the parameters stated below the tables. for A142 mesh and 400mm for A193, A252 & A393
Slab Depth
mesh.
The Comdek calculation design suite CD provides a
full design programme. Please contact Tegral. Fire
46
6 7
C
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
span slab 145 A252 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.2
& deck 2 hr 200 A393 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3
Shear studs
240 A393 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2
1 hr 120 A193 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.1 The wide trough of ComFlor 51® permits a flexible
Double 1.5 hr 130 A193 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 and efficient placement of shear studs, when
span slab 145 A252 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.6 composite beams are specified.
& deck 2 hr 200 A393 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5
240 A393 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 Fire performance of the composite beams
120 A393 3.6 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.4 2.7 Even for two hours fire rating, the top flange of
1 hr 130 A393 3.6 3.3 2.6 3.9 3.5 2.7 the steel beam does not require fire protection,
145 2xA252 3.5 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.4 2.7 when used with ComFlor® 51 composite deck.
Simple 130 A393 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.5 3.1 2.5
1.5 hr
span slab 145 2xA252 3.2 2.9 2.3 3.3 3.0 2.4
1 Line of Temporary props
Mesh: See notes on previous page. Slab Depth: The depth of slab is measured from the top of
Spans: Measured centre to centre of supports. the concrete to the base of the profile. Section through ComFlor® 51 profile deck
Deck: Standard deck material specification Applied load: The applied load stated in the tables is to cover
(see previous page). imposed live load, partition loads, finishes,
ceilings and services. However the dead load of Anticrack Mesh *
Bearing width: The width of the support is assumed to be 150mm. the slab itself has already been taken into
Slab Depth
Prop width: Assumed to be 100mm. account and need not be considered as part of
the applied load.
Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm (ponding has
been taken into account). Simplified fire The fire recommendations in the tables are
51
design method: based on the simplified design method.
Deflection: Composite stage L/350.
Fire engineering The fire engineering (FE) method may be used
Concrete grade: The concrete is to be Grade 35 with a maximum method: to calculate the additional reinforcement
aggregate size of 20mm. The wet weight of needed for fire, load and span conditions
40 112.5 152.5 137.5
concrete is taken to be normal weight beyond the scope of these tables. The FE
2400kg/m3. The modular ratio is 10. Lightweight method of design is provided in the design CD. Cover width 610mm
concrete may be used, please consult Tegral.
Fire insulation: The minimum slab thickness indicated in each
Construction load: 1.5 kN/m2 construction load is taken into table, for each fire rating satisfies the fire
*The use of fibre reinforced concrete eliminates the need for the anticrack mesh.
account,in accordance with BS 5950:Part 4. No insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8.
allowance is made for heaping of concrete
during the pouring operation. See design notes. Span/depth ratio: Slab span to depth ratio is limited
to 35 for normal weight concrete.
8 9
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
No Temporary props
130 0.121 2.84 2.78 span slab 125 A193 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.9 2.6 2.1
150 0.141 3.32 3.25 Normal weight (dry) 2350 kg/m2 & deck 2 hr 200 A393 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6
200 0.191 4.49 4.40 Note: For lightweight concrete contact Tegral 240 A393 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4
240 0.231 5.43 5.32 Technical Services Department. 1 hr 101 A142 3.2 3.2 2.6 3.4 3.4 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.0
Double 1.5 hr 110 A142 3.2 3.2 2.5 3.3 3.3 2.6 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.4 2.7
span slab 125 A193 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.1 2.4 3.3 3.1 2.5 3.4 3.2 2.5
& deck 2 hr 200 A393 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0
Section Properties (per metre width)
240 A393 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8
Nominal Design Height to Moment of Ultimate Moment capacity 101 A252 3.6 3.1 2.4 3.8 3.3 2.5 3.9 3.5 2.7 4.0 3.6 2.8
thickness thickness Profile weight Area of steel neutral axis inertia (kNm/m)
1 hr 110 A252 3.7 3.3 2.5 3.8 3.4 2.6 4.0 3.5 2.8 4.1 3.7 2.9
(mm) (mm) (kN/m2) (mm2/m) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging
125 A393 3.8 3.4 2.6 4.1 3.6 2.8 4.3 3.8 2.9 4.4 4.0 3.1
0.90 0.86 0.13 1579 16.74 55.70 5.69 6.99
Simple 110 A252 3.2 2.9 2.2 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.4 3.0 2.4 3.5 3.1 2.4
1.00 0.96 0.14 1759 16.73 62.10 6.34 7.93 1.5 hr
full design programme. Please contact Tegral. For details on the performance of composite slabs Deck: Standard deck material specification Applied load: The applied load stated in the tables is to cover
(see previous page). imposed live load, partition loads, finishes,
comprising ComFlor 51 decking under a fire condition ceilings and services. However the dead load of
Anti-crack mesh
with nominal anti-crack mesh, please refer to the Bearing width: The width of the support is assumed to be 150mm. the slab itself has already been taken into
BS 5950: Part 4 currently recommends that anti-crack account and need not be considered as part of
quick reference fire load tables in this guide. For other Prop width: Assumed to be 100mm.
mesh should comprise 0.1% of slab area. The the applied load.
simplified design cases or for full fire engineering, Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm (ponding has
Eurocode 4 recommendation is that anti-crack mesh been taken into account). Simplified fire The fire recommendations in the tables are
refer to the design CD. design method: based on the simplified design method.
should comprise 0.2% of slab area for unpropped Deflection: Composite stage L/350.
spans and 0.4% of slab area for propped spans. Technical services Fire engineering The fire engineering (FE) method may be used
Concrete grade: The concrete is to be Grade 35 with a maximum method: to calculate the additional reinforcement
Corus Panels and Profiles in conjunction with The Tegral’s Technical Services Department offer a aggregate size of 20mm. The wet weight of needed for fire, load and span conditions
Steel Construction Institute has agreed to modify the comprehensive advisory service on the design of concrete is taken to be normal weight beyond the scope of these tables. The FE
2400kg/m3. The modular ratio is 10. Lightweight method of design is provided in the design CD.
requirement with regard to anti-crack mesh, to composite flooring. concrete may be used, please consult Tegral.
comply with the Eurocode 4 recommendations. Should queries arise, please contact us on Fire insulation: The minimum slab thickness indicated in each
Construction load: 1.5 kN/m2 construction load is taken into table, for each fire rating satisfies the fire
Accordingly, the mesh shown in the quick reference 00+353 59 86 40750 account,in accordance with BS 5950:Part 4. insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8.
tables complies with EC4 and the design programme or email metaltech@tegral.com. No allowance is made for heaping of concrete
during the pouring operation. See design notes. Span/depth ratio: Slab span to depth ratio is limited
defaults to these values. to 35 for normal weight concrete.
10 11
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Corus Panels and Profiles in conjunction with The comprehensive advisory service on the design of
60
& deck 170 31 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.0 span slab 140 A193 3.4 2.9 2.1 3.5 3.0 2.2 3.6 3.1 2.2 3.7 3.1 2.3
1.5 hr
No Temporary props
150 36 2.810 3.112 3.216 2.810 3.012 3.216 3.412 3.112 3.216 3.412 3.012 3.216 & deck 170 A252 3.1 3.1 2.4 3.3 3.3 2.5 3.4 3.4 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.6
2 hr
180 36 3.010 3.112 3.116 3.010 3.212 3.216 3.312 3.212 3.316 3.512 3.212 3.516 150 A193 2.9 2.5 1.9 3.0 2.5 1.9 3.0 2.5 1.9 3.0 2.6 1.9
2 hr
130 26 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.9 3.9 3.1 4.2 4.1 3.2 4.5 4.2 3.3 180 A252 3.1 3.0 2.1 3.2 3.0 2.1 3.3 3.0 2.2 3.5 3.0 2.2
1 hr
Double 160 26 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.2 4.2 3.7 130 A142 3.6 3.6 2.7 3.9 3.8 2.8 4.2 3.9 2.9 4.5 3.9 2.9
span slab 140 31 3.5 3.1 2.5 3.6 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.4 2.6 3.9 3.5 2.8 1 hr 130 A252 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.2 4.2 4.2 3.3 4.5 4.5 3.3
1.5 hr
& deck 170 31 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.6 3.6 2.9 3.9 3.8 3.0 4.1 3.9 3.1 Double 160 A252 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.2 3.8
150 36 3.312 3.416 3.116 3.312 3.816 3.116 3.312 4.016 3.116 3.312 4.016 3.116 span slab 140 A193 3.5 3.5 2.6 3.8 3.6 2.6 4.1 3.6 2.7 4.1 3.6 2.7
2 hr 1.5 hr
180 36 3.112 3.112 3.116 3.512 3.212 3.416 3.512 3.212 3.416 3.512 3.212 3.416 & deck 170 A252 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.3 4.1 4.1 3.3
130 26 4.3 3.8 3.0 4.5 3.9 3.1 4.6 4.2 3.2 4.8 4.3 3.3 150 A193 3.4 3.0 2.3 3.5 3.1 2.3 3.5 3.1 2.4 3.5 3.1 2.4
Temporary props
1 hr 2 hr
160 26 4.7 4.2 3.3 4.9 4.4 3.5 5.0 4.6 3.6 5.2 4.7 3.7 180 A252 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.8 2.9 4.1 3.9 2.9
1 Line of
Double 140 31 3.5 3.1 2.5 3.6 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.4 2.6 3.9 3.5 2.8 130 A393 4.6 4.1 3.2 4.7 4.2 3.3 4.8 4.3 3.3 4.8 4.3 3.4
Temporary props
1.5 hr 1 hr
span slab 170 31 3.9 3.6 2.7 4.1 3.7 2.9 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.9 3.1 160 2xA252 5.0 4.5 3.6 5.1 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.7 3.7 5.2 4.7 3.8
1 Line of
150 36 4.316 4.720 3.720 4.316 4.720 3.720 4.316 4.720 3.720 4.316 4.720 3.720 Double 140 A393 4.1 3.7 2.9 4.1 3.7 2.9 4.2 3.8 2.9 4.2 3.8 3.0
2 hr 1.5 hr
180 36 4.516 5.120 4.120 4.516 5.120 4.120 4.516 5.120 4.120 4.516 5.120 4.120 span slab 170 2xA252 4.3 3.9 3.1 4.4 4.0 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.3
* XX16 The superscript is the size of bar required (2hr FibreFlor) 150 A393 3.7 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.4 2.6 3.8 3.4 2.7 3.8 3.4 2.7
2 hr
XXSS The superscript is the size of bar required (2hour fire ratings); one bar per deck trough - cover 25mm 180 2xA252 3.9 3.5 2.8 3.9 3.6 2.9 4.0 3.6 2.9 4.0 3.6 2.9
FibreFlor dosage
26 – Steel fibres 25kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3
31 – Steel fibres 30kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3
36 – Steel fibres 35kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3
Mesh: See notes on previous page. (Mesh is not Slab Depth: The depth of slab is measured from the top of
required for FibreFlor) the concrete to the base of the profile.
Spans: Measured centre to centre of supports. Applied load: The applied load stated in the tables is to cover
Deck: Standard deck material specification imposed live load, partition loads, finishes,
(see previous page). ceilings and services. However the dead load of
the slab itself has already been taken into
Bearing width: The width of the support is assumed to be 150mm. account and need not be considered as part of
Prop width: Assumed to be 100mm. the applied load.
Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm (ponding has Simplified fire The fire recommendations in the tables are
been taken into account). design method: based on the simplified design method.
Deflection: Composite stage L/350. Fire engineering The fire engineering (FE) method may be used
method: to calculate the additional reinforcement
Concrete grade: The concrete is to be Grade 35 with a maximum needed for fire, load and span conditions
aggregate size of 20mm. The wet weight of beyond the scope of these tables. The FE
concrete is taken to be normal weight method of design is provided in the design CD.
2400kg/m3. The modular ratio is 10. Lightweight
concrete may be used, please consult Tegral. Fire insulation: The minimum slab thickness indicated in each
table, for each fire rating satisfies the fire
Construction load: 1.5 kN/m2 construction load is taken into insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8.
account,in accordance with BS 5950:Part 4.
No allowance is made for heaping of concrete Span/depth ratio: Slab span to depth ratio is limited
to 35 for normal weight concrete. Closed ends: Produced on line during the roll-forming
during the pouring operation. See design notes.
operation, ideal for single-span construction, acoustic
reduction, fire stopping and to avoid filler blocks.
14 15
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
The latest addition to Tegral’s comprehensive range Section Properties (per metre width)
of flooring profiles. Nominal Design Profile Area of Height to Moment Ultimate Moment capacity
Thickness thickness Weight2 steel neutral axis of inertia (kN/m)
®
ComFlor 80 – first of the next generation of profiled (mm) (mm) (kN/m ) (mm2) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging
steel composite decks; it is the only 80mm profile 0.90 0.86 0.12 1387 47.6 185 15.4 12.5
utilising the higher grade 440 steel. 1.20 1.16 0.15 1871 47.6 245 22.2 18.5
No Temporary props
slab & 2 hr 170 A393 0 4.00 3.46 2.42 4.29 3.41 2.48
Central stud placement provides superb composite
deck 1 hr 150 A193 0 4.16 - - 4.44 - -
action between the beam and concrete. The central 1 hr 150 A142 1 4.16 4.16 4.16 4.44 4.44 4.44
location of the stud also reduces on-site checking to 1 hr 150 A142 0 4.29 3.85 2.94 4.70 4.10 3.10
ensure correct stud positioning. Double 1.5 hr 160 A252 0 4.10 3.94 2.98 4.68 4.07 3.10
span slab 2 hr 170 A393 0 3.97 3.92 2.93 4.55 3.93 2.98
& deck 1 hr 150 A193 0 4.28 4.28 - 5.06 - -
Ideal for car parks. ComFlor® 80 is available with an
1 hr 150 A142 1 4.28 4.28 4.28 5.06 5.08 -
optional 25-micron flexible polyester coating to the
underside, for use in car parks.
Excellent concrete usage means that ComFlor 80 is Parameters assumed for quick reference span tables
very economical compared to other similar decks. ®
Quick Reference
ComFlor 80 Composite Slab - Volume
Tables: All spans are shown in metres and are based on
Overall Concrete supported unpropped conditions.
Improved manual handling. The cover width of Slab Depth volume
ComFlor® 80 is 600mm, to reduce sheet weight and (mm) (m3/m2) The load/span table above shows typical
3 2 spanning condition for the ComFlor 80 profile.
improve handling. 150 0.106m /m
3 2
For variations of slab depth, loading conditions
160 0.116m /m (including point loads), support conditions and
3 2
170 0.126m /m the use of lightweight concrete we recommend
3 2
*
Section through ComFlor 80 profile deck 180 0.136m /m the use of the Comdek software, available from
190
3
0.146m /m
2 Tegral.
Anticrack Mesh Spans: Spans are measured centre to centre of support,
support width is 150mm in tables.
180 300 120 Volume notes:
Construction Load: of 1.5kN/m2 is taken into account in accordance
1. Deck and beam deflection (i.e. ponding) is not with BS5950: Part 4 no allowance has been
15
allowed for in the table. made for heaping of concrete during the casting
Slab Depth
of the slab.
2. Density of concrete is taken as:
Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm (ponding
Normal weight (wet) 2400 kg/m2 has been taken into account).
95
80
Normal weight (dry) 2350 kg/m2 Fire Insulation: the minimum slab thickness indicated in each
table satisfies the fire insulation requirements of
Note: For lightweight concrete, contact Tegral Technical BS5950: Part 8.
35 50 35
15.8 17.2 Services Department.
90 180 120
*The use of fibre reinforced concrete eliminates the need for the anticrack mesh.
S
16 17
DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Introduction DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
FibreFlor CF80 - Span table - Normal Weight Concrete ComFlor® 100 (CF100), has a very strong profile
MAXIMUM SPAN (m) MAXIMUM SPAN (m)
shape and offers the capability to span up to
with no extra reinforcements with a bar in the trough** 4.5metres without props. Designed particularly for
Deck Thickness (mm) Deck Thickness (mm) longer unpropped spans. However, the profile is not
Props Span Fire Slab FibreFlor 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 suitable for use with shear stud connectors.
Rating Depth Total Applied Load (kN/m2)
(mm) 3.5 5.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 10.0 No temporary props
140 26 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.5 4.3 3.4 4.2º 4.212 4.220 4.5º 4.512 4.220 ComFlor® 100 can carry wet concrete and
1 hr
Single 170 26 4.0 4.0 3.4 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0º 4.0º 4.012 4.2º 4.2º 4.216 construction loads to 4.5m without temporary
No Temporary props
span deck 150 31 3.4 3.1 2.4 3.8 3.4 2.7 4.112 4.116 4.120 4.416 4.416 4.420
1.5 hr propping, (depending on slab depth) thereby
& slab 180 31 3.8 3.5 2.8 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.8º 3.912 3.916 4.1º 4.216 4.216
160 36 3.4 3.1 2.5 3.8 3.5 2.8 4.016 4.116 4.120 4.316 4.320 4.325 leaving a clear area beneath the floor under
2 hr
190 36 3.8 3.5 2.8 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.8º 3.816 3.820 4.1º 4.116 4.120 construction. Further savings of labour and prop hire
1 hr
140 26 4.4 4.2 3.2 5.1 4.7 3.7 4.4º 4.412 4.220 5.1º 5.216 4.320 are also realised.
Double 170 26 3.9 3.9 3.6 4.8 4.8 4.1 3.9º 3.9º 3.916 4.8º 4.8º 4.816
span deck 150 31 3.7 3.3 2.6 4.1 3.7 2.9 4.212 4.216 4.220 5.016 5.016 4.520 Large concrete volume reduction
1.5 hr
& slab 180 31 3.8 3.7 3.0 4.5 4.1 3.3 3.8º 3.7º 3.816 4.716 4.716 4.720 Although a deep slab is required, the ComFlor® 100
160 36 3.8 3.4 2.7 4.2 3.7 3.0 4.116 4.116 4.120 4.820 4.820 4825
2 hr profile greatly reduces the volume of concrete
190 36 3.7 3.7 3.0 4.6 4.1 3.3 3.7º 3.7º 3.720 4.6º 4.720 4.725
needed and thus the cost and weight of concrete.
Temporary props
140 26 4.7 4.2 3.2 5.1 4.7 3.7 5.316 4.916 4.116 5.416 5.116 4.216
1 hr
170 26 5.1 4.6 3.6 5.7 5.1 4.1 6.220 5.820 5.020 6.320 6.020 5.120
1 Line of
Double 150 31 3.7 3.3 2.6 4.1 3.7 2.9 5.316 5.320 4.625 5.820 5.420 4.725 Suitable for traditional construction
1.5 hr
span slab 180 31 4.1 3.7 3.0 4.5 4.1 3.3 6.320 6.120 5.425 6.520 6.220 5.525 ComFlor® 100 is suitable to be placed onto
160 36 3.8 3.4 2.7 4.2 3.7 3.0 5.520 5.825 4.825 5.520 5.925 5.225 masonry walls or standard design non-composite
2 hr
190 36 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.6 4.1 3.3 6.125 6.125 6.032 6.925 6.525 6.032
steel beams. As shear studding is not possible with
ComFlor 100 Composite beam design may not be
XXSS The superscript is the diameter of bar required. One bar per deck trough - cover 25mm.
** Where º is shown no bar is required, in these cases extra reinforcement does not increase the span.
considered.
FibreFlor dosage
26 – Steel fibres 25kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3 31 – Steel fibres 30kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3 36 – Steel fibres 35kg/m3, Polypropylene fibres 0.9kg/m3
Slab Depth
Single 170 A252 4.0 4.0 2.8 4.2 4.2 3.0
No Temporary props
span slab 150 A393 4.1 3.6 2.5 4.4 3.7 2.6
1.5 hr
& deck 180 A393 3.9 3.9 2.7 4.2 4.2 2.9
100
160 A393 4.0 3.1 2.3 3.8 3.1 2.3
2 hr
190 A393 3.8 3.6 2.4 4.1 3.5 2.5
140 A252 4.4 4.4 3.2 5.2 4.6 3.4
1 hr
Double 170 A252 3.9 3.9 3.6 4.8 4.8 3.8 233.3 37 63 109
span slab 150 A393 4.2 4.0 3.0 4.8 4.1 3.1
1.5 hr
& deck 180 A393 3.8 3.8 3.5 4.7 4.7 3.6 Cover width 700mm
160 A393 4.1 3.6 2.7 4.2 3.6 2.8
2 hr
190 A393 3.7 3.7 3.1 4.7 4.2 3.2
Temporary props
18 19
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
ComFlor® 100 Composite Slab - Volume & Weight Volume & weight table notes Quick reference table
Overall Concrete Weight of Concrete (kN/m2 )
1. Deck and beam deflection (i.e. ponding is not
Slab Depth volume allowed for in the table.
(mm) (m3/m2) Wet Dry ComFlor® 100 Span table - Normal Weight Concrete
160 0.100 2.36 2.31 2. Deck and mesh weight not included in the
MAXIMUM SPAN (m)
170 0.110 2.59 2.54 weight of concrete figures.
Deck Thickness/Gauge (mm)
180 0.120 2.83 2.77 3. Density of concrete is taken as: Overall 1.0 1.1 1.2
190 0.130 3.06 3.00 Props Span Fire Slab Mesh Bar
2 Total Applied Load (kN/m2 )
195 0.135 3.18 3.12
Normal weight (wet) 2400 kg/m Rating Depth Reinforcement
(mm) 12mm 3.5 5.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 10.0
200 0.140 3.30 3.23 Normal weight (dry) 2350 kg/m2
210 0.150 3.53 3.46 1 hr 170 A252 None 3.9 3.5 2.8 4.0 3.6 2.8 4.0 3.7 2.9
Simple
No Temporary props
ComFlor 100 is not designed for use with shear studs 1.5 hr 180 A393 None 3.8 3.5 2.8 3.9 3.6 2.8 3.9 3.6 2.9
220 0.160 3.77 3.69 (i.e. not for composite beam design) span slab
230 0.170 4.01 3.92 195 A393 None 3.6 3.2 2.6 3.6 3.3 2.6 3.6 3.3 2.6
& deck 2 hr
250 0.190 4.48 4.38 Note: For lightweight concrete contact Tegral Technical 250 A393 None 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.6
Services Department. 1 hr 170 A142 None 4.3 3.9 3.1 4.4 4.0 3.1 4.5 4.1 3.2
Double
1.5 hr 180 A252 None 4.3 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.0 3.1
span slab
195 A393 None 4.2 3.8 3.1 4.2 3.9 3.1 4.3 3.9 3.1
& deck 2 hr
Section Properties (per metre width) 250 A393 None 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.5
Nominal Design Height to Moment of Ultimate Moment capacity 170 A393 One per trough 5.9 5.3 4.2 5.9 5.3 4.2 5.9 5.3 4.2
1 hr
thickness thickness Profile weight Area of steel neutral axis inertia (kNm/m) 250 2xA393 One per trough 5.8 5.8 4.9 6.3 6.0 4.9 6.5 6.0 4.9
(mm) (mm) (kN/m2) (mm2/m) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging Simple
20 21
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Composite Floor Decking design is generally The Steel Construction Institute has agreed to modify Transverse Reinforcement Shear connectors in fire situation
dictated by the construction stage condition, the the requirement with regard to anti-crack mesh, to Tegral composite floor decks contribute to transverse If shear connectors are provided, any catenary forces
load and span required for service and the fire comply with the Eurocode 4 recommendations. reinforcement of the composite beam, provided that transferred from the slab to the support beams can
resistance required for the slab. The deck design is Accordingly, the mesh shown in the quick reference the decking is either continuous across the top be ignored within the fire resistance periods quoted.
also influenced by the composite beam design. tables complies with EC4 and the design programme flange of the steel beam or alternatively that it is
Fire Design methods
defaults to these values. The reduced BS mesh welded to the steel beam by stud shear connectors.
Design Parameters
values may still be used by overriding this default in For further information refer to BS5950:Part 3: There are two requirements for fire design:
Fire rating – dictates minimum slab depth.
the design programme. Section 3.1.Clause 5.6.4.
1 Bending resistance in fire conditions.
Deck span – (unpropped) usually dictates beam
In slabs subject to line loads, the mesh should Concrete choice
spacing. 2 Minimum slab depth for insulation purposes.
comprise 0.4% of the cross-sectional area of the The strength of the concrete must meet the
Slab span – (propped deck) dictates maximum beam concrete topping, propped and unpropped. requirements for strength of the composite slab and The capacity of the composite slab in fire may be
spacing. shall not be less than 30N/mm2 for Normal Weight calculated using either the Simple Method or the Fire
These limits ensure adequate crack control in visually
Concrete (NWC). The maximum value of concrete Engineering Method. The Simple Method will be the
Two Stage Design exposed applications (0.5mm maximum crack
strength shall not be taken as greater than 50 most economic. The Fire Engineering Method should
All Composite Floors must be considered in two stages. width). The mesh reinforcement should be 2
N/mm for NWC where design is done using software. be used for design to Eurocodes.
positioned at a maximum of 30mm from the top
1 Wet Concrete and Construction load –
surface. Elsewhere, 0.1% reinforcement may be used The modular ratio defines the ratio of the elastic The Simple Method: The Simple Method may be
carried by deck alone.
to distribute local loads on the slab (or 0.2% to EC4). modulus of steel to concrete, as modified for creep used for simply supported decks or for decks
2 Cured Concrete – carried by composite slab. in the concrete. continuous over one or more internal supports. The
Mesh laps are to be 300mm for A142 mesh and
capacity assessment in fire is based on a single or
General design aims 400mm for A193, A252 & A393. In design to BS5950 and BS8110, the cube strength
double layer of standard mesh. Any bar
Generally designers prefer to reduce the requirement is used (in N/mm2). In design to EC3, the cylinder
Reduced Mesh reinforcement is ignored.
to provide temporary propping and so the span and strength is used (in N/mm2). The concrete grade
Where EC4 mesh rules are used, as recommended by
slab depth required governs the deck selection. Fire (C30/37) defines the (cylinder/cube strength) to EC3. The Fire Engineering Method: The Fire Engineering
Steel Construction Institute and Corus Panels and
requirements usually dictate slab depth. For most Method is for general application. The capacity
Profiles, the full stipulated mesh applies to the slab Concrete Density
applications, the imposed load on the slab will not assessment in fire is based on a single or double
1.2m either side of every support. Outside of this, In the absence of more precise information, the
limit the design. layer of standard mesh at the top and one bar in
i.e. in the midspan area, the mesh area may be following assumptions may be made:
each concrete rib. For the shallow decks, the
Quick Reference and Full Design halved (to 0.2% for propped and 0.1% for 3
Density kg/m programme assumes the bar is positioned just below
The combination of this guide and the Corus Panels unpropped construction), provided there are no
Wet Dry Modular Ratio the top of the steel deck. For CF70 with a raised
and Profiles calculation design CD available from concentrated loads, openings etc. to be considered.
NWC 2400 2350 10 dovetail in the crest, the bar will be placed below
Tegral makes both quick reference and full design Also the reduced midspan mesh must be checked for
the dovetail.
easy. Indicative design may be carried out from the adequacy under fire, for the rating required.
The wet density is used in the design of the profiled
printed tables, however the software on the CD The quick reference tables for shallow composite
1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m steel sheets and the dry density in the design of the
greatly increases the scope available to the Design floors generally use the simplified fire design
composite slab.
Engineer as it allows for a full set of printed calculations. method (except CF100), which utilises the anti-crack
mesh as fire reinforcement. Increased load span
British Standards and Eurocodes
The Software user is offered a choice to design to
Fire Design capability under fire may be realised by including bar
Support Support Support reinforcement and using the fire engineering method
either BS5950 Parts 4 and 3 or to Eurocode 4. Beam Beam Beam Fire insulation
of design.
Diagram showing full mesh area over supports The fire insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8,
The quick reference tables are designed to BS5950
must be satisfied and are taken into account in the Deflection Limits
Part 4, with the important exception of the mesh
Bar Reinforcement tables and design software. Deflection Limits would normally be agreed with the
recommendations.
The Axis Distance of bar reinforcement defines the client. In the absence of more appropriate
Span/depth ratio
Anti-crack mesh distance from the bottom of the ribs to the centre of information, the following limits should be adopted:
Slab span to depth ratio is limited to a maximum of
BS5950 : Part 4 currently recommends that anti-crack the bar, which has a minimum value of 25mm, and
35 for normal weight concrete. Construction Stage
mesh should comprise 0.1% of slab area. The a maximum value of the profile height. Where used, Le/130 (but not greater than 30mm)
Eurocode 4 recommendation is that anti-crack mesh bar reinforcement is placed at one bar per profile
should comprise 0.2% of slab area for unpropped trough. Imposed load deflection
spans and 0.4% of slab area for propped spans. Le/350 (but not greater than 20mm)
Corus Panels and Profiles in conjunction with
22 23
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Total load deflection state. Unfactored loads are also considered in fire Large transverse beam strips, in addition to their own
Le/250 (but not greater than 30mm) conditions. Openings greater than 700mm square - should be proportion of the loading.
trimmed with additional permanent steelwork back
According to BS5950 Part 4, ponding, resulting from Partial factors are taken from BS5950, EC3 and EC4. Reinforcement
to the support beams.
the deflection of the decking is only taken into Extra reinforcement is provided within the ‘beam
Loads considered at the construction stage consist of
account if the construction stage deflection exceeds Opening Rules strips’ to suit the applied loading. This reinforcement
the slab self weight and the basic construction load.
Ds/10. Le is the effective span of the deck and Ds is Where W = width of opening across the span of the often takes the form of bars placed in the troughs of
The basic construction load is taken as 1.5 kN/m2 or
the slab overall depth (excluding non-structural deck. the decking.
4.5/Lp (whichever is greater), where Lp is the span
screeds).
of the profiled steel sheets between effective Centre Line Transverse reinforced Centre Line
Section A-A (see previous page)
of Floor Beam concrete beam strip of Floor Beam
The deflection under construction load should not supports in metres. For multi span unpropped
exceed the span/180 or 20mm overall, whichever is construction, the basic construction load of 1.5 d o /2 Mesh
the lesser, when the ponding of the concrete slab is kN/m2 is considered over the one span only. On Effective span of
transverse beam
do
Deck Span
not taken into account. Where ponding is taken into other spans, the construction load considered is half strips = 1d o
account the deflection should not exceed the this value (i.e. 0.75 kN/m2). Construction loads are d o /2
span/130 or 30mm overall. The quick reference considered as imposed loads for this check.
d o /2 d o /2
tables do take ponding into account, if deflection Longitudinal reinforced
Loads considered at the normal service stage consist concrete beam strips
exceeds Ds/10, or Le/180, and thus use span/130 Load paths and beam strips around medium to large openings
of the slab self weight, superimposed dead loads
or 30mm as a deflection limit. Extra bars in troughs
and imposed loads.
1. The distance between the opening and
It is recommended that the prop width should not be
Openings unsupported edge must be greater than 500mm or
less than 100mm otherwise the deck may mark
Openings can be accommodated readily in composite W, whichever is the greater. Section B-B (see previous page)
slightly at prop lines.
slabs, by boxing out prior to pouring concrete and
2. Openings must not be closer together than 1.5W
Vibration cutting out the deck after concrete has cured (see
(of the largest opening) or 300mm, whichever is the
The dynamic sensitivity of the composite slab should sitework section on page 33. The design of openings
greater. If they are closer they must be considered as
be checked in accordance with the Steel Construction depends on their size:
one opening.
Institute publication P076: Design guide on the
Extra bars in slab (over the deck) 1/
vibration of floors. The natural frequency is 3. Not more than 4 width of any bay is to be
calculated using the self-weight of the slab, ceiling B removed by openings.
and services, screed and 10% imposed loads, 1/
4. Not more than 4 width of deck span is to be
representing the permanent loads and the floor.
removed by openings. Extra bars over deck
In the absence of more appropriate information, the B
Opening Where these rules are not satisfied, the openings
natural frequency of the composite slab should not
must be fully trimmed with support steelwork. Additional transverse or diagonal bars may be used
exceed 5Hz for normal office, industrial or domestic A A
If the opening falls within the usual effective breadth to improve load transfer around the opening.
usage. Conversely, for dance floor type applications
or for floors supporting sensitive machinery, the limit of concrete flange of any composite beams (typically COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN
may need to be set higher. span/8 each side of the beam centre line), the beam Savings in beam weight of up to 50% can be
resistance should be checked assuming an achieved when the composite slab is effectively
For design to the Eurocodes, the loads considered for
appropriately reduced effective breadth of slab. anchored to the steel beam. The slab will then act as
the vibration check are increased using the psi-factor Extra bars in troughs
Slab design around openings a compression flange to the beam.
for imposed loads (typically 0.5). The natural Reinforcement around opening
frequency limit may be reduced to 4Hz, because of It may be assumed that an effective system of Design using Shear Studs
Small
this higher load, used in the calculation. ‘beam strips’ span the perimeter of the opening. The The methods of connection between slab and beam
Openings up to 300mm square - do not normally
effective breadth of the beam strips should be taken is generally by means of through deck welding of
Loads and Load Arrangement require additional reinforcement.
as do/2, where do is the width of the opening in the 19mm diameter shear studs of varying height, which
Loading information would normally be agreed with
Medium direction transverse to the decking ribs. Only the are fixed to the beam after the decking has been
the clients. Reference should also be made to BS
Openings between 300mm and 700mm square - concrete above the ribs is effective. The transverse laid.
6399 and to EC1.
normally require additional reinforcement to be beam strips are assumed to be simply supported,
Factored loads are considered at the ultimate limit placed in the slab. This is also the case if the and span a distance of 1.5 do. The longitudinal beam
state and unfactored loads at the serviceability limit openings are placed close together. strips are designed to resist the load from the
24 25
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GUIDE Shallow Decking
26 27
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Construction Details - CF46, CF51, CF60, CF80, CF100 Construction Details - CF46, CF51, CF60, CF80, CF100
Plan view of typical floor layout Deck notation Typical end cantilever Butt joint
Edge trim X Edge trim reference X
dimensions
Y X Beam centres 25 min
F75
F75
to Setting Out 6-1000
Point (s.o.p.) 2107
of decking Y = distance (mm)
Beam first sheet. Indicates bay Floor Phase Bundle
member from centreline of tie
which requires member to edge of level number
centreline temporary Restraint straps at
slab (perpendicular
propping. CF 80 Floor Decking
94
to deck span) 600mm centres
CF 80 Floor
Dimension ‘X’ required Decking Studs in pairs or
Y F75 to extend to staggered where a
Maximum cantilever edge trim butt joint occurs
Typical side detail 500mm, greater
cantilevers require Deck to be butt
Tie Member centres Y temporary props and jointed over
additional reinforcement centreline of
Steel stud Edge trim or steelwork brackets beam
connected to the
Universal Beam Universal Beam Universal Beam
For cantilevers
over 150mm,
additional
reinforcement
is required. See
table on
page 39 for
Cantilever End detail Step in floor
CF 80 Floor 25 min maximum
dimension
Decking cantilevers
without props. X Beam centres Edge trim fixed
Universal Beam to align with
Restraint strap edge of beam
Typical side detail Unsupported edge detail Steel stud
Tie Member centres X 100mm
minimum
Steel stud
CF 80 Floor Decking
Edge trim to centreline of
Edge trim
beam
Edge CF 80 Floor Decking
trim to centreline of beam
Restraint strap Restraint RSA to be wide
at 600mm strap enough to provide
centres sufficient bearing
25 mm min.
Timber Cantilever and allow fixing of
Reinforcement bearer dimension deck without fouling
For cantilevers over
as specified top flange of beam
CF 80 Floor Decking 25 min 150mm additional
See typical plan for reinforcement is required. above
dimension ‘X’ & ‘Y’ Temporary CF 80 Floor
prop See table on page 39 for Decking with a
Universal Beam maximum cantilever minimum 50mm
without props bearing
Universal Beam Universal Beam
28 29
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Construction Details - CF46, CF51, CF60, CF80, CF100 Construction Details - CF46, CF51, CF60, CF80, CF100
End detail alternative 1 End detail alternative 2 Beam at perimeter wall Typical wall end detail
CE100 edge
trim leaving
room for
25mm
Korkpak joint
Edge trim CF51 Floor Decking Edge CF51 Floor Decking Edge trim to align
trim to centreline of beam CF51 Floor Decking CF 80 Floor Decking
to extend to edge trim to extend to edge trim with edge of wall
with 75mm
Restraint (minimum) bearing
strap at 20 mm min. onto wall
600mm Cantilever
dimension 100mm wall
centres
Perimeter shown here
For Cantilevers over wall
150mm additional
reinforcement is required.
See table on p39 for
maximum cantilever
Universal Beam Universal Beam Universal Beam
without props
Side cantilever with stub bracket Typical edge with plate Typical wall side detail Deck inside of wall detail
Dimension required
Y Beam centres Wall outer dimensions Steel or wall to wall
Edge Trim CF 80 Floor
Steel stud Decking 10 mm min
Edge trim
Restraint
strap
CF 80 Floor Decking CF 80 Floor Decking CF 80 Floor Decking
with 75mm with 50mm (minimum)
50 mm Closure plate in 2mm (minimum) bearing bearing onto steel angle
min flat steel strip to suit onto wall
remainder of floor area Masonry fixing to
Steel stub as to a maximum of wall at 500mm c/c
designed by 245mm. Reference RSA, RSC or
the engineer CP245 (plate width) Edge trim to align Universal Beam
with edge of wall
Perimeter wall
100mm wall
shown here
Universal Beam Universal Beam
30 31
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Bearing requirements
End bearing and shared bearing (minimum) Continuous bearing (minimum)
Deck fixing FIXING INFORMATION FOR SHALLOW DECKING
50mm 50mm 75mm
Immediately after laying, the deck must be fixed through
its trough to the top of the supporting structure. Powder To Steel Heavy duty powder actuated fixings - Hilti ENP2
X-ENP-19 L15 nail/Spit SBR14 or equivalent.
actuated pins or self-drilling screws are used. Fo temporary fixing (i.e. where weld through
Side lap fixings are required at 1000mm centres for CF46, shear studs are to be used) - Hilti PINDAK16*
CF60, CF80 and CF100. Self-drilling screws. To steel up to 11mm thick -
Where shear studs are being used, the deck requires two SFS SD14 - 5.5 x 32 / EJOT HS 38 or equivalent.
fixings per sheet per support at sheet ends and one fixing To steel up to 17mm thick SFS TDC-T-6.3 x 38
or equivalent
per sheet at intermediate supports.
Where shear studs are not employed, the deck must be To Masonry Pre drill hole - use self tapping fixing
fixed as follows: or Concrete suitable for masonry/concrete -
SFS TB-T range/EJOT 4H32 or equivalent
Masonry Masonry
Deck fixing on CF 80
Edge trim
This is used to retain the wet concrete to the
correct level at the decking perimeters. It is
fixed to the supports in the same manner as
the deck and the top is restrained by straps at
600mm centres, which are fixed to the top of
the deck profile, by steel pop rivets or self-
drilling screws.
32 33
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
Mesh placement Ceilings and services hanger systems hangers. The system is installed after the composite
Standard reinforcing mesh, such as A142, A193 and The dovetail shaped re-entrant rib on ComFlor 51 slab has been poured and the concrete is sufficiently
A252 is usually required, positioned towards the top and the 15mm high raised mini-dovetail re-entrant hardened.
of the slab. The top cover to the reinforcement mesh stiffener on ComFlor 70 profiles allow for the quick
should be a minimum of 15mm and a maximum of and easy suspension of ceiling and services, using Installation
30mm. Support stools are required to maintain the either of the two following suspension systems. To install the GTD-clips, the two dovetail shaped
correct mesh height. ends are compressed by hand and inserted into the
(a) Threaded wedge nut fixings
The mesh must be lapped by 300mm for A142 and dovetail re-entrant of the profile, before being
A193 mesh, and by 400mm for A252 and A393 mesh. ComFlor 51 ComFlor 70 rotated 90 degrees. One then lets go of the two
ends and the clip will snap into position and is
Shear connectors tightly connected. Finally, bolts, threaded rods or
Most commonly used shear connectors are 19mm pipe clamps are connected into the soffit opening
diameter headed studs, which are welded to the of the GTD-clip.
support beam through the deck, a process carried
Loadbearing Capacities
out by specialist stud welding contractors.
Thread Maximum
System Size Static Working
Site conditions must be suitable for welding and Load (kg)
bend tests carried out as appropriate. Wedge Nut 4 100
6 100
The spacing and position of the shear connectors 8 100 Timber shutter
is important and must be defined by the design GTD - Clip 6 90
8 90
engineer on the deck set out drawings.
Wedges are dovetail shaped steel blocks, which are 10 90
Minimum Spacing: The minimum centre-to-spacing threaded to take metric bolts or threaded rods. The GTD - Clip & Pipe Clamp N/A 45
of stud shear connectors should be 5d along the A minimum safety factor of 4 has been applied
wedge nut hanger system is installed after the concrete to the safe working load capacities
beam and 4d between adjacent studs, where d is of the composite slab has been poured and is hardened.
the nominal shank diameter. Where rows of studs Openings
Installation
are staggered, the minimum transverse spacing of All openings must be specified by the Engineer.
For installation of the system, wedge nuts are
longitudinal lines of studs should be 3d.
inserted into the raised re-entrants of the profile Further information is contained in the BSRIA/SCI
The shear stud should not be closer than 20mm to before being rotated 90 degrees, after which the publication “Supporting Services from Structure”.
the edge of the beam. See page 24. dovetail shaped wedge nuts will lock into the dovetail
Openings greater than 300mm must be designed
Further guidance on shear studs for designers and re-entrants under vertical loading. Finally, the bolts
with extra reinforcement placed around the opening.
installers may be found in The Steel Construction or threaded rods are finger tightened up to the roof
Openings up to 700mm can be accommodated by
Institution publications: P300 Composite Slabs and of the re-entrants and mechanically tightened.
boxing out prior to pouring concrete and cutting out
Beams Using Steel Decking: Best Practice for Design (b) GTD-clip hanger fixings the deck after concrete has cured, refer to page22
and Construction, P055 Design of Composite Slabs for details.
and Beams with Steel Decking.
Larger openings require support trimming steel, which
Pouring concrete must be installed prior to the decking. The decking is
Before the concrete is poured ensure temporary cut away immediately and the opening edges are
Dense polystyrene block
props are in position (if required by the design) - see then treated like any other perimeter with edge trim.
page 34. The decking must be cleared of all dirt and
grease, which could adversely influence the Note:– Do not cut the opening in the steel deck prior
performance of the hardened slab. The oil left on the to concreting, or before the concrete has cured.
decking from the roll forming process does not have
to be removed. Concrete should be poured evenly,
working in the direction of span.
34 35
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow Decking
®
ComFlor 210 & Slimdek 225 ComFlor 210 (CF210)
Tegral Deep Composite Floor decking used in Service integration The original SlimFlor long span steel deck,
Slimdek® construction offers all the benefits of The shape of the deep decking permits services ComFlor 210 (CF210) has the capability to span up
shallow deck composite construction, with some to be installed between the deck ribs, effectively to 6 metres in unpropped construction. Suitable for
significant additional benefits. within the slab depth. This leads to further use in Corus Slimdek® construction, which offers
reductions in the floor zone. minimal structural depth, fast construction and many
Long span decks
other benefits.
The deck can be designed to span 6m unpropped Inherent fire resistance
and up to 9m propped with corresponding reduction A fire resistance of 60 minutes can be achieved
in steelwork. without fire protection to the steelwork or
deck profile. With cross and longitudinal stiffeners, CF210 is
Shallow floor depth
The deck is contained within the beam depth, which structurally efficient and offers excellent composite
produces a “slim floor”. This leads to savings in action with the concrete.
cladding costs and either helps to reduce the overall
Simple single bar reinforcement in each trough,
building height or enables an extra floor to be
combined with anti-crack mesh near the top of
added for buildings of 10 storeys plus.
the concrete slab gives the composite slab superb
structural strength and fire properties.
Project: Bank of Scotland, Dublin The Stackable profile shape reduces transport and
Architects: RKD Architects handling costs.
Engineers: O’Connor, Sutton, Cronin
Product: Tegral Floor Decking Up to 2 hours fire rating with unprotected soffit.
Slab Depth
210
56
87.5
52
Cover width 600mm
38 39
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
No Temporary props
330 0.160 3.77 3.69 350 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.7
350 0.180 4.24 4.16 Note: For lightweight concrete contact Tegral Simple 290 A193 3.7 4.9 5.3 5.3 3.4 4.4 5.3 5.3 2.7 3.5 4.3 5.3
375 0.205 4.83 4.73 Technical Services Department. span 1.5 hr 300 A193 3.7 4.9 5.2 5.2 3.4 4.5 5.2 5.2 2.7 3.6 4.4 5.2
400 0.230 5.42 5.31 slab 350 A393 3.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 2.8 3.8 4.6 4.7
305 A193 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.1 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.7 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0
2 hr 350 A393 2.1 2.7 3.4 4.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.8 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.1
Section Properties (per metre width) 400 A393 2.1 2.7 3.4 4.2 1.9 2.6 3.2 3.9 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.3
280 A393 4.9 6.4 7.3 7.3 4.4 5.8 7.2 7.3 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.2
Nominal Design Height to Moment of Ultimate Moment capacity 1 hr 300 A393 4.9 6.5 6.7 6.7 4.5 5.9 6.7 6.7 3.5 4.7 5.8 6.6
thickness thickness Profile weight Area of steel neutral axis inertia (kNm/m)
(mm) (mm) (kN/m2) (mm2/m) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging 350 2xA393 5.1 5.6 5.6 5.6 4.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 3.7 4.9 5.6 5.6
Simple 290 A393 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.0 3.4 4.5 5.5 6.9 2.7 3.5 4.4 5.4
1.25 1.21 0.16 2009 95.00 816.00 23.20 23.20
span 1.5 hr 300 A393 3.8 5.0 6.2 6.7 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.7 2.7 3.6 4.4 5.5
40 41
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
®
ComFlor 210 Slimdek 225 (SD225)
Parameters assumed for quick reference span tables Slimdek® 225 (SD225) is an important addition to
Tegral’s flooring range. Developed specifically for the
Mesh: See notes on page 38. Slab Depth: The depth of slab is measured from the top Corus Slimdek® system, SD225 offers up to 6.5
Spans: Measured centre to centre of supports. of the concrete to the base of the profile. metres unpropped span.
Deck: Standard deck material specification (see Bar reinforcement: End Anchorage for bar reinforcement.
All cases require properly anchored L-bars at Corus Slimdek® engineered flooring solution is a
page 38).
the supports, except for those boxed in red. unique structural floor system which uses
Bearing width: The width of the support is assumed to be
200mm.
Cases boxed in red may have straight bars, Asymmetric SlimFlor Beams, where the bottom
with an anchorage length of 70mm from
Prop width: Assumed to be 100mm. flange is wider than the top flange.
the edge of the support. See Design Notes
Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm on page 47 for further information. The SD225 steel deck bears on the lower flange of
(ponding has been taken into account). One bar is placed in each profile trough, the the beam which results in a minimal overall floor
Deflection: Composite stage L/350. cover to deck soffit is assumed at 70mm. depth, the concrete that surrounds the beam
Concrete grade: The concrete is to be Grade 35 with a Fire: The Fire Engineering method (FE) has been provides composite action without the need for
used to calculate the reinforcement needed
maximum aggregate size of 20mm. The wet shear studs, and fire protection to the beam.
weight of concrete is taken to be normal to achieve the fire rating.
weight 2400kg/m3. The modular ratio is 10. The minimum slab thickness indicated in
Lightweight concrete may be used, please each table for each fire rating satisfies the
consult Tegral. fire insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8. SD225 deck is a state of the art cold-formed
Construction load: 1.5 kN/m2 construction load is taken into Span/depth ratio: This is limited to 35 for normal weight profile design offering fully optimised composite
account,in accordance with BS 5950:Part 4. concrete.
and load carrying characteristics.
No allowance is made for heaping of
concrete during the pouring operation. The re-entrant section to the top flange of the
See design notes. profile enhances composite action and offers
easy services attachment.
The Slimdek® system is fast, normally
Project: Georges Quay, Dublin The deck is designed to offer flexible service
eliminates temporary props, is structurally
Architects: Keane, Murphy, Duff integration (as described in Steel Construction
Engineers: Project Management Group Mechanical & Consulting Engineers, optimised and saves on cladding costs.
Institute publication “Service Integration in
Project Managers Cleary McCabe Slimdek®”).
Product: Tegral Floor Decking
The system also reduces building height or
Up to 2 hours fire rating with unprotected soffit. enables extra floors to be built.
Anticrack Mesh
30
8
5
400 100
195
238
27.5 27.5
32.6
32.6
500
37.5 Cover width 600mm 37.5
42 43
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
SD225 SD225
ComFlor 225 Composite Slab - Volume & Weight Quick reference table
Volume & weight table notes
Overall Concrete Weight of Concrete (kN/m2)
Slab Depth volume 1. Deck and beam deflection (i.e. ponding is not
(mm) (m3/m2) Wet Dry SD 225 Span table - Normal Weight Concrete
allowed for in the table.
285 0.116 2.74 2.68
MAXIMUM SPAN (m)
290 0.121 2.85 2.79 2. Deck and mesh weight not included in the
Total Applied Load (kN/m2 )
295 0.126 2.97 2.91 weight of concrete figures. Overall
3.5kN/m2 5kN/m2 10kN/m2
300 0.131 3.09 3.02 Props Span Fire Slab Mesh
3. Density of concrete is taken as: Rating Depth Bar Size (mm)
305 0.136 3.21 3.14 (mm) 16 20 25 32 16 20 25 32 16 20 25 32
310 0.141 3.32 3.26 Normal weight (wet) 2400 kg/m2
295 A142 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 4.6 5.7 5.9 5.9
320 0.151 3.56 3.49 Normal weight (dry) 2350 kg/m2 1 hr 320 A193 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 4.7 5.6 5.6 5.6
No Temporary props
350 0.181 4.27 4.18 350 A252 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3
Note: For lightweight concrete contact Tegral
380 0.211 4.97 4.87 305 A193 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.4 5.4 5.8 5.8
Technical Services Department. Simple
400 0.231 5.44 5.33 1.5 hr 320 A193 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 4.5 5.5 5.6 5.6
span slab
350 A252 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.3
320 A193 4.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 4.2 5.1 5.6 5.6 3.3 4.1 5.1 5.6
2 hr 350 A393 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 3.4 4.3 5.3 5.3
400 A393 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.6 4.4 4.9 4.9
Section Properties (per metre width) 295 A393 6.5 7.3 7.3 7.3 5.9 7.3 7.3 7.3 4.6 5.7 6.6 7.0
Nominal Design Height to Moment of Ultimate Moment capacity 1 hr 320 A393 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.0 6.6 6.6 6.6 4.8 5.9 6.6 6.6
thickness thickness Profile weight Area of steel neutral axis inertia (kNm/m) 350 2xA252 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 4.9 5.9 5.9 5.9
(mm) (mm) (kN/m2) (mm2/m) (mm) (cm4/m) Sagging Hogging 305 A393 6.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 4.4 5.5 6.8 6.9
Simple
1.25 1.21 0.18 2186 107.00 968.00 30.80 30.80 1.5 hr 320 A393 6.2 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 4.5 5.6 6.6 6.6
span slab
44 45
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
Parameters assumed for quick reference span tables Deep Composite Floor Decks are used where longer Three different types of Slimflor® beam are produced:
span (4m plus) floor slabs are required. When
Mesh: See notes on page 42. Slab Depth: The depth of slab is measured from the top combined with the Corus Slimdek® system, deep 1.
Spans: Measured centre to centre of supports. of the concrete to the base of the profile. decks are designed to achieve a very shallow
Deck: Standard deck material specification (see Bar reinforcement: End Anchorage for bar reinforcement. overall structural floor-hence the term Slim Floor
page 42). All cases require properly anchored L-bars at Construction.
the supports, except for those boxed in red.
Bearing width: The width of the support is assumed to be
200mm.
Cases boxed in red may have straight bars, Deep Decking
with an anchorage length of 70mm from
Prop width: Assumed to be 100mm. Tegral Deep Composite Floor Decks can be used in
the edge of the support. See Design Notes
Deflection: Construction stage L/130 or 30mm on page 47 for further information. one of these applications:
(ponding has been taken into account). One bar is placed in each profile trough, the
1. Corus Slimdek® system.
Deflection: Composite stage L/350. cover to deck soffit is assumed at 70mm.
Concrete grade: The concrete is to be Grade 35 with a Fire: The Fire Engineering method (FE) has been 2. Long span composite concrete/steel floor deck in
maximum aggregate size of 20mm. The wet used to calculate the reinforcement needed steel construction. Asymmetric Slimflor® Beam (ASB), which is a hot
weight of concrete is taken to be normal to achieve the fire rating. rolled section with a narrower top flange than
weight 2400kg/m3. The modular ratio is 10. The minimum slab thickness indicated in 3. Long span composite concrete/steel floor deck in bottom flange.
Lightweight concrete may be used, please each table for each fire rating satisfies the masonry construction.
consult Tegral. fire insulation requirements of BS 5950: Part 8.
Span/depth ratio: This is limited to 35 for normal weight The design considerations relating to the decking are
Construction load: 1.5 kN/m2 construction load is taken into 2.
account,in accordance with BS 5950:Part 4. concrete. similar for all these applications.
No allowance is made for heaping of
concrete during the pouring operation.
Corus Slimdek® System
See design notes. The most recent slim floor development produced by
Corus is the Slimdek® system. This system comprises
Asymmetric Slimflor® beams and deep SD225
decking.
3.
46 47
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
Slimdek® Design Procedure of the considerably greater spans that can be be dropped vertically into position (i.e. without Cracking
There are two distinct stages for which the elements achieved with deep decking. having to ‘thread’ them between the top and It is normal for some cracking to occur in the slab
of the Slimdek® system must be designed. The first bottom flanges). over the beams. These cracks run parallel with the
is the construction stage, during which the beams Construction load Reduced construction load beams and are not detrimental to the structural
1.5 kN/m2 x 1.6 0.75 kN/m2 x 1.6 Slab Design
and decking support the loads as non-composite behaviour of the slab. They may be controlled by
The design of composite slabs using deep decking
sections. The second is the final stage, during which mesh reinforcement provided across the tops of the
differs from that for shallow decking in the
the decking and concrete act together to form beams. Guidance on the detailing of reinforcement
following ways:
composite slabs, as do (generally) the ASBs and slab. to control cracking may be found in the Corus
SFBs and RHSFBs will act compositely if shear studs Self weight x 1.4 1. Placing bar reinforcement in the troughs of the Slimdek® manual.
have been provided. decking increases the ultimate load resistance of the
Additional reinforcement may be required to fulfil
3m slab. The benefit of these bars is considered in both
The key design points are: the following roles:
the ‘normal’ and fire conditions.
● Consideration of the required spans will allow the Clear span + 0.075m
● Transverse reinforcement adjacent to shear
depth of the beams to be determined. 2. The slab depth may need to be chosen not only to
connectors.
satisfy the structural, durability and fire resistance
●Consideration of the required fire resistance will Construction Stage Loading requirements of the slab itself, but also to provide ● U-bars at composite edge beams.
allow the depth of slab to be determined, as a The 1.5 kN/m2 construction load required by BS appropriate cover over ASB or Slimflor beams.
function of the cover required for the beams and 5950-4 should only be applied over the middle 3m ● Additional crack control reinforcements
the decking. of the span, as shown above. 3. The reinforcing bars in the troughs of the decking
● Strengthening around openings.
provide additional tensile area to that provided by
Having established these scheme design parameters, 2
A reduced load of 0.75 kN/m (as specified in EC4) the decking, and thus enhance the bending ● Strengthening at positions of concentrated loads.
detailed design of the beams and slab can be may be applied outside this region, as it would be resistance of the composite slab.
undertaken. The following slab depths should be Fire Resistance
overly conservative to apply the full load of
4. Bar diameters range from 8mm to 32mm, Concrete thickness above deck
considered as typical: 1.5kN/m2 over the entire span. The effect of Fire resistance NWC LWC
280 ASB sections - 290-320mm deep slab concrete ponding should be taken into account (by depending on the span and fire resistance
60min 70mm 60mm
300 ASB sections - 315-340mm deep slab. increasing the self weight of the slab) if the requirements. 90min 80mm 70mm
These depths will provide adequate cover to the ASB deflection under self-weight alone exceeds the lesser 5. Straight bars may be used to achieve 60 minutes 120min 95mm 80mm
for it to act compositely with the slab. For SFBs a of span/180 or 20mm. fire resistance (provided that shear stresses are low).
One of the principal considerations governing the
greater range of slab depths may be considered for a If temporary props are used to support the decking In other cases, L bars should be used to provide
choice of slab depth is the required fire resistance
given depth of beam; the slab depth requirement during construction, a construction load of 1.5 kN/m2 sufficient end anchorage in fire conditions.
period. Minimum depths are given above as a
will depend on whether shear studs must be should be considered as acting over the complete function of the concrete type and fire resistance
accommodated to make the SFB act compositely. span (between permanent supports). Although a required and are based on insulation requirements.
Slimdek® Beam Design lower value might be justifiable over parts of the Support Mid span
The Fire Engineering Method: The capacity
The design of the beams in the Slimdek® system is span, a constant load should be considered for Concrete in
compression
assessment in fire is based on a single or double
presented in The Corus Slimdek® Manual and Design design simplicity.
Vertical layer of standard mesh at the top and one bar in
Software which is available from Corus. Further Temporary propping (when required) reaction Tension
in decking each concrete rib. For CF210 or SD 225 decking, the
detailed design information is available in The Steel The spacing of temporary props is governed by the and bar
reinforcement bar is placed at an axis distance, dependent on the
Construction Institute publications: P300 Composite ability of the decking to resist combined bending and Slip between Longitudinal Bar reinforcement Stress fire resistance period. The axis distance must not be
Slabs and Beams Using Steel Decking: Best Practice shear in the hogging (negative) moment regions deck and concrete shear bond distribution
less than 70mm. To maximise fire resistance capacity
for Design and Construction, P055 Design of over the lines of props. It is recommended that the the axis distance needs to be 70, 90 and 120mm
Composite Slabs and Beams with Steel Decking. spacing between the props should be relatively (from the soffit of the deck) for 60, 90 and 120
Please see references section for further information. close, so that local loads do not cause damage to the mins. fire resistance, respectively. However where
øL
decking (2.5m to 3.5m spacing depending on the fire resistance is not the limiting factor it may be
Decking Design slab weight). A 100 mm wide timber bearer should
12øL
more effective for the axis distance to be at the
In addition to considering the self-weight of the slab, be used to distribute the load at these points. 25 minimum.
the design of the deep decking should take into øL
account temporary construction loads. These End Bearing
construction loads differ slightly from those that The end bearing of the sheets should be specified as 100mm
50mm. The flange widths are such that this bearing 100mm
should be considered for shallow decking, because 50øL
can be achieved, whilst still allowing the sheets to
48 49
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
Reduced Mesh Partial Continuity section of the deck, normally without needing Service Integration
Where EC4 mesh rules are used, as recommended by Tests have shown that the SD 225 or CF210 additional reinforcement. The Slimdek® system offers considerable opportunity
The Steel Construction Institute and Corus Panels and composite slabs supported on a steel beam and for the integration of services. This is covered in
Openings up to 400mm wide x 1000mm long may
Profiles , the full stipulated mesh applies to the slab provided with adequately detailed continuity mesh detail in Corus Construction Centre publication
be taken through the crest of the deep decking.
1.2m either side of every support. Outside of this, reinforcement over the steel beam support exhibits a Slimdek® - Structure and Services Integration.
Additional reinforcement, which should be designed
i.e. in the midspan area, the mesh area may be degree of continuity at the support. The beneficial
in accordance with BS 8110, may be required around
halved (to 0.2% for propped and 0.1% for effect of partial continuity at the supports may be
the opening.
unpropped construction), provided there are no taken into account by specifying CONTINUOUS in the
concentrated loads, openings etc. to be considered. Span Type field. When this option is specified, the Openings up to 1000mm wide x 2000mm long may
Also the reduced midspan mesh must be checked for following assumptions are made by the design be accommodated by removing one rib (maximum)
adequacy under fire, for the rating required. software; of the decking, fixing suitable edge trims and
providing additional reinforcement to transfer forces
● a 20% reduction in the deflections of the
1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m from the discontinuous rib. The slab should be
composite slab at the normal design stage.
designed as a ribbed slab in accordance with BS
● a 30% reduction in the deflections when assessing 8110, with decking being used as permanent
the natural frequency of the slab. This is justified formwork. Guidance may be found in the Corus
by the lower stress levels during vibration. Slimdek® Manual.
Support Support Support
Beam Beam Beam ● stresses in the composite slab in fire conditions are
derived from a model which assumes full Opening up to 1000mm
Diagram showing full mesh area
continuity at one end and a simple support at the
over supports
other (i.e a propped cantilever condition).
Vibration
In this case, the amount of mesh reinforcement is
The dynamic sensitivity of the composite slab should
increased to a minimum of 0.4% of the cross-
be checked in accordance with the SCI publication
sectional area of the concrete topping in order to
P076: Design guide on the vibration of floors. The Larger openings will generally require trimming by
develop sufficient continuity in the slab.
natural frequency is calculated using the self-weight secondary beams.
of the slab, ceiling and services, screed and 10% Note: In all cases, partial continuity is ignored in
If an opening greater than 300mm x 300mm lies
imposed loads, representing the permanent loads assessing the capacity of the composite slab at the
within the effective width of slab adjacent to a beam
and the floor self weight. normal design stage.
(L/8), the beam should be designed as non-
In the absence of more appropriate information, the Service Attachments composite. A close grouping of penetrations
natural frequency of the composite slab should not The SD225 decking facilitates the fixing of services transverse to the span direction of the decking
exceed 5Hz for normal office, industrial or domestic and suspended ceilings. Hangars can be used to should be treated as a single large opening.
usage. For designs using SD225 or CF210 decking, support services running either parallel or
this limit may be reduced to 4Hz if the design has perpendicular to the decking span. Special fixing T12 bar x 1500 long ASB beam
been carried out on the assumption of simple clips (available from Lindapter) can achieve a safe
≥500
supports at the ends. Conversely, for dance floor type working load of 1kN per fixing. These allow service
applications or for floors supporting sensitive pipes to be suspended directly from the decking
Opening
≤1000
machinery, the limit may need to be set higher. between the ribs. Alternatively, self-drilling self- 300
tapping screws may be used to attach hangers to the Minimum
In the Slimdek® system, consideration should be A142 mesh
decking after the concrete has been placed.
given to the system frequency of the floor as a throughout
whole if the natural frequency of the slab and/or Openings in the Slab ≤400
the supporting beam is less than 5Hz. Provision for vertical service openings within the
floor slab will necessitate careful design and
For design to the Eurocodes, the loads considered for
planning. The following summarises the options that
the vibration check are increased using the psi-factor Centre-line of ribs ASB beam
are available to the designer:
for imposed loads (typically 0.5). The natural
frequency limit may be reduced to 4Hz, because of Openings up to 300mm x 300mm can be Design of small and medium size
accommodated anywhere in the slab over a crest openings in the slab
this higher load used in the calculation.
50 51
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
End fixing onto ASB (SD225 illustrated) Cut deck - Option 1 (SD225 illustrated) Cut deck - Option 2 (SD225 illustrated)
Beam centres Beam centres Beam centres
Notch in decking on beam
side of diaphragm to allow 100 min 165-185 100 min 240-270
viewing of concrete around
the beam and to allow easy Floor Decking
with 50mm Deck cut along
handling of the deck in the top section only
construction stage minimum
bearing onto Deck cut along
SD225 End diaphragm Asymmetric top section
Asymmetric SlimFlor Beam (ASB) Beam only
Side fixing onto ASB (SD225 illustrated) Cut deck - Option 3 (SD225 illustrated)
Beam centres
Beam centres 100 min 370-405
Perimeter with trim (SD225 illustrated) Cut plates (SD225 illustrated) Unsupported edge (SD225 illustrated) Unsupported edge with closure flashing
100 min Beam centres Beam centres Restraint strap
52 53
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
20
220
190
Floor Decking with 100mm bearing (75mm min)
Number of sheets Decking lengths Prop decking in this area Edge trim with Floor Decking
75mm bottom leg
6-5555 Span of decking Z2 Side of decking run that requires (min) to be fixed
‘Z’ flashing
Floor level 4105 before decking
sheet is laid
75
Phase Distance from centreline of tie
Bundle number 94 member to sop of first decking sheet
End fixing onto RHS (SD225 illustrated) Side fixing onto RHS (SD225 illustrated) Cut Plate on Blockwork
Beam centres Beam centres
75mm min
30 600
End diaphragm Restraint strap at 600mm centres
Deck s.o.p.
54 55
DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
End Diaphragms Once the sheets for the whole bay are in place, they
Fixing of Comflor 210 1 heavy duty shot
Steel end diaphragms, as manufactured by Tegral, are secured to the beam flanges using heavy duty
fired pin per trough
are essential for both deep deck systems to ensure shot-fired fixings. The required number of main for fixing into
the structural integrity of the deck. The end fixings for SD225 is two per trough, one on both steelwork
diaphragms, are fixed first and are supplied in sides of the centre dovetail section. CF210 requires
lengths of 1800 mm, to cover three Tegral deep deck one main fixing per trough.
profiles. They are fixed using at least two shot-fired
Where CF210 deck is being used with Asymmetric
pins for each length; in the Slimdek® system the end
SlimFlor Beams, the top flange of the profile must be
diaphragms align with the edge of the lower flange End diaphragm
notched back by 50mm, so that the concrete can be
of the beam.
observed passing between the end diaphragm and
Single diaphragms are available with pre-punched the beam to allow concrete to flow into the beam.
service holes in two types. Type 1 has one 160mm (SD225 is supplied pre-punched).
diameter hole; Type 2 has one elongated 160mm
The crown of the deck sheet is fixed to the top of
diameter hole to make opening 320mm wide x
the diaphragms using two self drilling screws for Side laps stitched at
160mm high. End diaphragm 350mm centres including
SD225, or one self drilling screw for CF210. trough shear-bond clip
Unpunched single diaphragms are also available.
When fixing to other types of supports such as
Where the deep deck lands onto a support at a rake,
reinforced concrete, or load bearing walls, 2 suitable
the single diaphragms are used doubled up, and
fixings must be used in each SD225 trough (one per
adjusted on site to take up the extra length required
CF210 trough), as for the steel supports.
due to the fact that the end of the deck is at a raked
angle to the support rather than at right angles. FIXING INFORMATION FOR DEEP DECKING View from above
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DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Deep Decking
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DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Formwork DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Formwork
Tegral Permanent Formwork The use of profiled formwork creates savings in the Permanent formwork remains in situ for the life of
amount of concrete required and reduces the dead the building but, unlike composite flooring profiles,
Tegral also supplies a range of permanent formwork it does not act as reinforcement in the concrete
load on the structure and foundations.
decks. These decks are designed to support the slab. Tegral offers a total of ten profiles that are
Tegral Formwork has a short lead-time and is
weight of wet in-situ concrete and a construction used as permanent formwork for reinforced
delivered in easy to handle bundles.
load of 1.5kM/m2. Sheets are available in standard concrete slabs. The Tegral permanent formwork
gauges of 0.9mm and 1.2mm and in Tegral F46mm, profile range consist of three specific profiles - F46,
Note: Tegral Permanent Formwork is designed for
F60mm and F100mm profiles. F60 and F100 as well as the existing seven floor
use as shuttering only and does not act as
Tegral Permanent Formwork systems provide a reinforcement in the concrete slab. decking profiles - CF210, SD225, CF46, CF51, CF80,
rapid, economic alternative to conventional timber CF100.
shuttering. They are quickly installed and provide a ● The steel decking supports the wet concrete and
safe working platform without the debris associated construction loads.
with the stripping of timber shuttering. In some
● Temporary propping can be eliminated.
instances, temporary propping in the form of
continuous runners may be necessary. It is important ● The concrete slab requires full structural bar or
that the consulting engineer be informed in advance mesh reinforcement.
of any installation so that advice in relation to ● The wide range of Tegral formwork profiles ensure
propping can be forwarded to the installer. the optimum solution is available.
Cross Section
Formwork
To determine concrete usage increase slab depth above profile by “ED” mm.
For construction and sitework details please refer to Shallow Decking section page 30.
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DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Formwork DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow/Deep/Formwork Decking
8
C
Receiving Decking The identification tags should be used to ensure that
F46
Composite Floor Decking is packed into bundles of up bundles are positioned on the frame at the correct
to 24 sheets, and the sheets are secured with metal floor level, and in the nominated bay shown on the
banding. Each bundle may be up to 950mm wide deck layout drawing. The bundles should be
120 105 67 225 (the overall width of a single sheet) by 750mm positioned such that the interlocking side laps are on
deep, and may weigh up to 2.5 tonnes, depending the same side. This will enable the decking to be
on sheet length (average weight is about 1.5 laid progressively without the need to turn the
tonnes). Loads are normally delivered by articulated sheets. The bundles should also be positioned in the
46
lorries approximately 16m long with a maximum correct span orientation, and not at 90o to it. Care
Cover width 900 gross weight of up to 40 tonnes, and a turning circle should be taken to ensure that the bundles are not
of approximately 19m. The Main Contractor should upside down, particularly with trapezoidal profiles.
ensure that there is suitable access and appropriate The embossments should be oriented so that they
standing and off-loading areas. project upwards.
should be made to ensure that there is no damage. to deck laying are in place.
Cover width 800 Lifting Bundles Access for installation will normally be achieved
The bundles should be lifted from the lorry. Bundles using ladders connected to the steel frame. Once
should never be off-loaded by tipping, dragging, they have started laying out the sheets, the erectors
dropping or other improvised means. will create their own working platform by securely
fixing the decking as they progress.
Care is needed when lifting the decking bundles;
protected chain slings are recommended. The laying of sheets should begin at the locations
F100 109 124.3 233.3 Unprotected chain slings can damage the bundle indicated on the decking layout drawings. These
63 during lifting; when synthetic slings are used there is would normally be at the corner of the building at
a risk of the severing them on the edges of the each level; to reduce the number of ‘leading edges’,
decking sheets. i.e. unprotected edges, where the decking is being
100
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DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow/Deep/Formwork Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow/Deep/Formwork Decking
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DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow/Deep/Formwork Decking DESIGNER’S FLOOR DECKING GUIDE Shallow/Deep/Formwork Decking
General Safety Points and Protective Measures The Tegral Comflor Composite Flooring Design Disc Job details may be entered for a formal printout.
● Wear adequate gloves, protective clothing and can be downloaded from our website at
safety goggles. www.tegral.com www.tegral.com. Alternatively, It is not necessary to put in shear connectors (shear
please email Tegral at metaltech@tegral.com studs) for the composite slab design (shear
● Ensure adequate ventilation and use personal for a replacement. connectors are used primarily for the benefit of the
protective equipment. beam not the slab). However if shear connectors are
Instruction for use
to be used, then the design software allows end
● Follow instructions for safe handling, use, disposal The disc is for use on Windows based PCs and does
anchorage to be accounted for which in some cases
and control of cartridges issued by equipment not Auto-start. Place CD in drive, click Start - Run -
will improve the load capacity of the composite slab.
supplier. Browse. When in CD drive, double click ComDek
folder - setup. The software must be installed, i.e. Before accepting a particular design as satisfactory, it
● Ensure adequate ventilation and/or use personal will not run directly from the CD; it requires less than is highly advisable to print out the calculations and
respiratory protective equipment. 2MB of disc space once installed. check that all the input parameters are correct.
● Use appropriate ear defenders or earplugs. The programme COMDEK was developed by the Steel
Design criteria and methods
Construction Institute for Corus Panels and Profiles.
The design programme has been produced by the
● Always fix deck securely before using as a
Use of the design programme Steel Construction Institute on behalf of Corus Panels
working platform.
Choose BS5950 or Eurocodes. and Profiles .
● Steel end diaphragms, as manufactured by Tegral, All the variables start with a default value,
Help function on disc
are essential for both deep deck systems to ensure however check or input new variables on
The Help function on the design programme contains
the structural integrity of the deck. both Datasheet 1 and Datasheet 2.
all the detailed information that is used to produce
When satisfied click analyse to run the calculations.
● Rigorously employ all personal safety measures the calculations.
such as hard hats, protective clothing.
To order the Floor Decking Design Disc, contact
● Rigorously employ all site safety measures such as Tegral’s Technical Services Department:
safety lines, edge protection, properly tied ladders. Tel: 00+353 59 86 40750
Email: metaltech@tegral.com
● Don’t leave any unfixed decking sheets.
Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tegral Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies do not accept responsibility for
errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for, or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods of working are for
information only and Tegral Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactures by Tegral
Metal Forming Ltd. and its related companies, the customer should satisfy himself/herself of their suitability.
Copyright 2007
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