Table 1: Observation for Known Solutions

NaCl Na2 CO 3 MgSO4 NH 4 Cl

AgNO 3 White Yellowish with No change White precipate
precipitate precipitate
Chemical AgNO 3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
equations
(if applicable) 2 AgNO 3 + Na2 CO 3 Ag 2 CO 3 + 2 NaNO 3

AgNO 3 + NH 4 Cl AgCl + NH 4 NO 3
NaOH No change No change Cloudy No change
Chemical NaOH + MgSO4 Na 2 S O4 + MgOH
equations
(if applicable)
HCl No change No change No change No change
Chemical -
equations
(if applicable)

Table 2: Observations for Unknown Solutions

Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Solution 4

AgNO 3 No change White White Yellowish
precipitate precipitate
NaOH Cloudy No change No change No change
HCl No change No change No change No change

Identification of unknown solutions

Solution 1 is MgSO4

Solution 2 is NH 4 Cl

Solution 3 is NaCl

Solution 4 is Na 2 CO 3

Questions

1
 2+¿ +¿ .
a) Identify a reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of and
Mg¿ Na ¿
Explain.

Based on the table given, NH3 is the reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties

2+¿ +¿
of ¿ and Na¿ . It is because Ammonia react with Magnesium ion and produced
Mg
white precipitate. Magnesium ion is from group 2, or alkaline earth metals of the
+¿
periodic table which is insoluble salt. While reaction between Na ¿ and Ammonia had
no change because Sodium ion is soluble salt.

2+¿ +¿ .
b) Identify a reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of ¿ and ¿
Mg Ag
Explain.

2+¿ +¿
The test reagent distinguishes between ¿ and is NH 3 . Based on the
Mg Ag ¿
table,
The reaction between Magnesium ion and Ammonium produced white precipitate
because magnesium ion is from group 2, or alkaline earth metals of the periodic table
which is insoluble salt but when Silver ion reacted with Ammonia there is no change
because all metals is insoluble salt.
2+¿ +¿
Another test reagent that can distinguishes between ¿ and
Ag ¿ is HCl.
Mg
Magnesium ion reacted with Hydrochloric acid, no change was recorded but when
Silver ion mixed with Hydrochloric acid, it will produced Silver Chloride and it was
soluble salt yet it will produce white precipitate.

2+¿ 2+¿ .
c) Identify a reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of ¿ and ¿
Cu Ba
Explain.

2+¿ 2+¿
The test reagents distinguishes between and is NH 3 and H 2 SO 4 .
Cu¿ Ba¿
Based on the table given, Ammonia reacted with Copper ion, the reaction will produced
Blue precipitate or deep blue solution (copper ion in excess). Because Copper ion is
from transition metals which is insoluble salts. But when Ammonia reacted with
Barium ion, there is no change because it is soluble salts. While Barium ion react with
Sulfuric acid, white precipitate will formed. Basically most Sulphate salts are soluble
 but notable exceptions for Ca SO 4 , Pb SO 4∧¿ Ca SO 4 (insoluble salts) and when
Copper ion react with Sulphuric Acid there is no change because it is soluble salts.

d) Identify a reagent that distinguishes the chemical properties of HCl and H 2 SO 4 .

Explain.

Silver ion and Barium ion can distinguishes the chemical properties of Hydrochloric
acid and Sulfuric acid. When Silver ion reacted with Hydrochloric acid, it will formed
white precipitate. Basically most chloride salts are soluble but notable exceptions for
AgCl, PbCl 2 and Hg 2 Cl 2 (insoluble salts). Barium ion produced white
precipitate when react with Sulfuric Acid. Sulphate salts are soluble but notable
exceptions for Ca SO 4 , Pb SO 4∧¿ Ca SO 4 (insoluble salts)