AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN

NAME OF WORK:- PKN

CANAL DATA FOR AQUEDUCT (Vertical section)

1 Discharge 0.6805 cumec 0.6805 cumec 270 TBL 758.58 270
5000
2 Bed width 3.00 m 5.00 m 2x 16 mm F top anchor bar
F.B. 500
3 water Side slope 1 :1 vertical :1 10 mm F bars@ 180
F.S.L. 258.58
4 F.S.D. 2.00 m 2.00 m 8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@ 300

5 Free Board 0.50 m 0.50 m 8 mm F bars@ 140

6 Bed slope 1 in 3000 1 in 3000 10 mm F bars@ 90

FSD 2000
7 C.B.L. 256.58 m 256.58 m 16 mm F bars@ 220
16 mm F bars@ 110
200
8 F.S.L. 258.58 m 258.58 Hench 8 mm F bars@130
10 mm F bars@ 300
9 M.W.D. 2.50 m 2.50 m
6 x Bars F 20
10 Span 8.00 m 8000 mm CBL 256.58 1.00

11 Concrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 kg/m3 720

scbc 7 m 13 300
12 Steel Inside Out side
sst 150 sst 190 200 200

13 Water wt 9800 kg/m3

14 Reinforcement (in wall) Main Vertical 10 mm F @ 90 mm c/c Disty. 8 mm F @ 140 mm c/c

15 Reinforcement (in Slab) Main 16 mm F @ 110 mm c/c Disty. 8 mm F @ 130 mm c/c

16 Reinforcement (in wall Beam) Main bottom 20 mm f 6 Nos. Top anchor 16 mm Nos. 2 Nos.

17 Distribution (in wall Beam) two lgd. Strrirps 8 mm F @ 300 mm c/c

18 Trough Wall thickness 270 mm or 0.27 mtr

19 Trough Slab thickness 300 mm or 0.30 mtr

pk_nandwana@yahoo,co,in
 AQUEDUCT TROUGH DESIGN

NAME OF WORK:- PKN

CANAL DATA FOR QUEDUCT

Discharge 0.6805 cumec 0.6805 cumec
Bed width 3.00 m 5.00 m
water Side slope 1 :1 vertical
F.S.D. 2.00 m 2.00 m
Free Board 0.50 m 0.50 m
Bed slope 3000 3000
C.B.L. 256.58 m 256.58 m
F.S.L. 258.58 m 258.58 m
M.W.D. 2.50 m 2.50 m
Span (Proposed) 8.00 m
Nominal Cover 50 mm
Effective cover 40 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Concrete M- 20

for water side force
sst = = 150 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = ### N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13 for water side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378 K = 0.378
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874 J = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155 R = 1.155
for out side force
sst = = 190 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = ### N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13 for out side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.324 K = 0.324
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 190
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.324 / 3 = 0.892 J = 0.892
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.892 x 0.324 = 1.011 R = 1.011

2 DESIGN OF VERTICAL WALL:-

The trough wall is to be designed as a beam having a span of of = 8.00 m
between supports Hence thickness should be equal to span/30
span 8.00 x 1000
= = 270 mm say 270 mm
30 30
Max.depth of water = 2.50 m span = 8.00 m
wh 3
9800 x 2.50 3 25520833
B.M. = = = 25521 N-m
6 6 n-mm
BM ### x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 149 mm
Rxb 1.16 x 1000
Providing thickness "D"= 270 mm cover = 50 mm, Effective depth = 220 mm

Steel required
BMx1000 25521 x 1000
Ast = = = 867 mm2
sst x j x D 150 x 0.892 x 220
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars = A = = = 78.5 mm2
4 x 100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 78.50 x 1000 / 866.94 = 91 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm bars @ 90 mm c/c half the bars will be curtailed at 1.45 m from base
minimum steel to be provided for 0.1 ( 27 - 10 )
distribution
= 0.3 - = 0.25 %
 minimum steel to be provided for
distribution
= 0.3 - = 0.25 %
### - 10
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
Area of distribution steel 0.25 x 270 x 1000
= 0.25 % of x section area = = 679 mm2
required 100
679
Steel of Each face = = 339 mm2
2
using 8 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 8 x 8
= 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 50.24 x 1000 / 339.43 = 148 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm bars @ 140 mm c/c Each face

3 Design of Horizontal slabe :-

The trough slab having a span of of = 5.00 m
between walls Hence thickness should be equal to span/20
span 5.00 x 1000
= = 250 mm say 250 mm
30 20
Adopt effective thickness of slab "T" = 250 mm cover = 50 mm Total thickness = 300 mm
Effective span of slab = BW+ depth = 5 + 0.27 = 5.27 m
Loading
Load of water column = mwd x 9800 = 2.50 x 9800 = 24500 N
Wt of slab = wt of concrete x area of slab = ### x 1.00 x 0.25 = 6250 N
per meter length 30750 N
wH2 9800 x 2.50 x 2.50
Total water pressure on vertical wall= = = 30625
2 2
2.5 0.3
\ Fixing moment at end of slab = 30625 x + = 30115 N-m
3 2

WL2 ### x 5.27 x 5.27

Max. possible segging moment = = = 106752 N-m
8 8
=
Net B.M. at center of span of slab= 106752 - 30115 = 76638 kg-m The slab is design for this B.M.
Since tension face is out side s st = 190 J = 0.892 , R = 1.011
BM ### x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 275 mm
Rxb 1.011 x 1000
Provided Effective depth 250 mm cover = 50 mm providing thickness = 300 mm

Steel required
### x 1000
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = 1809 mm2
190 x 0.89 x 250
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16mm bars = A = = = 201 mm2
4 x 100 4
spacing =A/Ast = 201 x 1000 / 1809 = 111 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm bars @ 110 mm c/c
30115 x 1000
Area of steel required at end (Near support) = = 919 mm2
150 x 0.874 x 250
This is < than half the steel provided at the center of span,However,
half the bars from the center of the span may be bent up at L/2 meter from supports.
Let us check whether this bending of half bars satisfies the enchorage and devlopments envisaged in
equation M1/V + Lo > Ld
1 1000 x 201
Where M1= Ast x sst x j x d= x x 190 x 0.892 x 250
2 110
= 38.71 x 10'6 N-mm
30750 x 5.27
V = shear force at the ends = = 81026 N
2
ls ls
Lo = - x' - 3 F + 16 F = - x' + 13 F
2 2
Where Ls = Length of support = 270 mm and x' = side cover = 50 mm
 M1 38.71 x 10'6 270
+ Lo = + - 50 + 13 x 16 = 771 mm
V 81026 2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Ld F sstF x 150 See table Concrete

= = = 46.88 F
4 t bd4 x 0.8 3.4 M 20
= 46.88 x
16 = 750 mm
or 771 >
750 Thus the requirement is satisfied
minimum steel to be provided for 0.1 ( 300 - 100 )
distribution
= 0.3 - = 0.24 %
450 - 100
Area of distribution steel 0.24 x 300 x 1000
= 0.24 % of x section area = = 729 mm2
required 100
729
Steel of Each face = = 364 mm2
2
using 8 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 8 x 8
= 50.2 mm2
4 4
spacing =A/Ast = 50.24 x 1000 / 364.29 = 138 cm
Hence Provided 8 mm bars @ 130 cm c/c Each face

4 Design of side wall as Beam :-

live load from slab = total load on slab x bw / 2 = 30750 x 5 / 2 = 76875 kg-m
Self load = mwd x thick. x wt = 2.50 x 0.27 x ### = 16875 kg-m
Total Load = 93750 kg-m
WL2 ### x 8.00 x 8.00
Max. possible segging moment= = = 750000 Kg-m
8 8
using s st = 190 N/mm2 k = 0.324 J = 0.892 R = 1.011
BM 750000 x 1000
Effective depth required = = = 1657 mm
Rxb 1.011 x 270
Actual depth '= 2.50 + 0.25 = 2.75 or 2750 mm
But providing thickness = 2750 mm - (2 x cover = 80 )= 2670 mm
Steel required
### x 1000
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD= = 1657 mm2
190 x 0.892 x 2670
using 20 mm bars A = 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 20 x 20
= 314 mm2
4 x100 4
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 1657 / 314 = 5.28 say = 6 No.
Hence Provided 6 bars of 20 mm F at Bottom
6 x 314
% of steel provided = x 100 = 0.26 %
270 x 2670
total load x span 93750 x 8.0
Shear force = = = 375000 kg.
2 2
Shear stress shea force 375000.0
= = = 0.52 N/mm2
Beam Ht. x Beam Dt. 270 x 2670
Permissible shear stress for 0.26 % steel provided tc = 0.21 N/mm2 (See Table 3.1)
Shear reinforcenment required if TV > Tc Hence shear reinforcement required
Vc = shear resistance of concrete = tc.b.d = 0.21 x 2670 x 270 = 151389 N
Vs = V - V c = 375000 - 151389 = 223611 N
Spacing of strirrups is sst .d.Asv 190 x 2670
Sv = = Asv = 2.27 Asv
given by Vs 223611
While maximum permissible 2.175 x fy x Asy 2.175 x 415 x Asv
< < < 3.34 Asv
spacing of shear stirip is B 270
Hence Sv = 3.34 Asv
Hence using 8 mm dia 2 Legged stirrups A = 100.5 mm2
Sv = 3.34 x 100.5 = 336 mm subject to a max. = 300 mm
Hence provideed 8 mm Dia 2 legged shear stirrus @ 300 mm c/c
Provide 2 x 12 mm F hoilding bars at the top.
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 NAME OF WORK:- PKN

270 TBL 758.58 270

5000
2x 16 mm F top anchor bar
F.B. 500
10 mm F bars@ 180
F.S.L. 258.58
8 mm 2 ledge stirrups@ 300

8 mm F bars@ 140

10 mm F bars@ 90
FSD 2000
16 mm F bars@ 220
16 mm F bars@ 110
8 mm F bars@ 130
10 mm F bars@ 300
200

6 x Bars F 20
CBL 256.58 1.00

720
300

200 200
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS
Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Tensile stress
1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4
N/mm2

Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Grade of concrete Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2)

(N/mm2) Kg/m 2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2

M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Modular ratio m 31 19 13 11 9 8 7
(31.11) (18.67) (13.33) (10.98) (9.33) (8.11) (7.18)

Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst = 140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 (Fe 250) Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329
(b) sst = 190 jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
(c ) sst = 230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904
N/mm2 (Fe 415) Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816
Shear stress tc Reiforcement %
100As 100As
M-20 M-20
bd bd
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30
0.55 0.31
0.56 0.31
0.57 0.31
0.58 0.31
0.59 0.31
0.6 0.32
0.61 0.32
0.62 0.32
0.63 0.32
0.64 0.32
0.65 0.33
0.66 0.33
0.67 0.33
0.68 0.33
0.69 0.33
0.7 0.34
0.71 0.34
0.72 0.34
0.73 0.34
0.74 0.34
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table t c in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab 300 or more 275 250 225 200 175
k 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M10 15 20 25 30 35 40
tbd (N / mm2 -- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Grade of Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

concrete tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
M 15 0.6 58 0.96 60
M 20 0.8 44 1.28 45
M 25 0.9 39 1.44 40
M 30 1 35 1.6 36
M 35 1.1 32 1.76 33
M 40 1.2 29 1.92 30
M 45 1.3 27 2.08 28
M 50 1.4 25 2.24 26
 150 or less
1.30

crete (IS : 456-2000)

45 50
1.3 1.4