Exercise accompany with “Transport Phenomena” (last updated: Jan 2018),

Dr.-Ing. Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Materials and Production Engineering Program (MPE),

The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS)

Ex. 1a Conduction
Exercise 1a.1
A heat flux of 𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 3 𝑘𝑊 is conducted through the 2.5 cm thick wall of cross-section
area of 10 m². The temperature of the hot inner wall surface is 415°C. The thermal
conductivity of the wall is 0.2 W/(mK).
(1) Calculate the temperature of outer wall surface.
(2) Try to reduce heat loss by changing a new thermal conductivity (new material)

Exercise 1a.2
A concrete wall separates a heated room from the ambient. The temperature of the inner wall
surface is 25°C. The thermal conductivity of concrete is 1 W/(mK) and the area of the wall is
20 m² and the thickness 0.3 m respectively.
a) Calculate heat losses through the wall for external temperatures -15°C and 38°C. These
temperatures are exemplary values of winter and summer time. Plot the calculated
results of 𝑄̇ vs T.
b) Make an additionally diagram for the wall thermal conductivity of 0.75 W/(mK) and
1.25 W/(mK)

Exercise 1a.3

The heat flux density through the wooden slab is 40 W/m2. The thickness of the slab is
50 mm. Temperatures at the two slab surfaces are 40°C and 20°C respectively.

Calculate the thermal conductivity of the wood?

Ex. 1b Convection
Exercise 1b.1

The cylindrical electric heater with a length of L = 200 mm and an external diameter of
D = 20 mm, transfers a heat flow of 2 kW into the flowing water. Both ends of the cylinder
are adiabatic insulated. The water temperature is T = 20°C and the heat transfer coefficient
between surface of the cylinder and the water is  = 5000 W/(m2K).
What is the temperature of the heater external surface?

Exercise 1b.2
An electric resistance heater is embedded in a long cylinder of diameter 30 mm. When water
with a temperature of 25°C and velocity of 1 m/s flows crosswise over the cylinder, the
power per unit length required to maintain the surface at a uniform temperature of 90°C is
28 kW/m. When air, also at 25°C, but with a velocity of 10 m/s is flowing, the power per unit

Exercise for Lecture 1 - Introduction

 Exercise accompany with “Transport Phenomena” (last updated: Jan 2018),
Dr.-Ing. Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Materials and Production Engineering Program (MPE),
The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS)

length required to maintain the same surface temperature is 400 W/m. Calculate and
compare the convection coefficients for the flows of water and air.

Ex. 1c Radiation
Exercise 1c.1

A plate with an area of 0.5 m², a surface temperature of TS,1 = 150°C and emissivity εS,1 = 0.8
is placed in a big vacuum chamber. The temperature of the inner chamber wall is T S,2 = 25°C.

a) What is the heat flow by radiation from the surface A?

b) What is the net rate of radiation between surface and chamber walls?

Ex. 1d Multimode and Energy balance

Exercise 1d.1

The wall of a furnace for the heat treatment of plastic elements has a thickness s = 0.05 m
and an outer temperature Ta = 400 K. The emissivity of the external wall of the furnace is
ε = 0.8 and the heat transfer coefficient is  = 20 W /(m²K) . Thermal conductivity of the
wall is λ = 0.7 W/(mK) and the ambient temperature T = 300 K.
What is the temperature of the furnace at the inner side ?

Exercise 1d.2

For the continuous annealing of steel plates a roller furnace is used. The initial temperature
of the load is Ti = 300 K. The temperature of the load at the exit of the furnace is Ta = 1250 K.
The dimensions of the furnace are HO x WO x LO = 2 m x 2.4 m x 25 m respectively. The
furnace is placed in a big production hall on a concrete fundament. The thickness of the
concrete fundament is sB = 0.5 m (thermal conductivity of concrete λC = 1.4 W/(mK)). The
temperature of the hall walls is TS,2 = 300 K. The bottom side of the fundament has the
temperature TB = 300 K. The temperature at the contact surface between the furnace
bottom and the concrete fundament is TS,1 = 350 K. The temperature of the top and the side
walls of the furnace is TS,1 = 350 K. The temperature of ambient air inside the production hall
is T = 300 K. The heat transfer coefficient between the furnace walls and the ambient air is
ɑ = 10 W/(m²K). The emissivity of the furnace walls is εS,1 = 0.8.

What is the electric energy demand of the furnace Pel, for the furnace productivity of
4.5504 t/h? Assumption: the specific heat capacity is constant and equal to 578 J/(kgK)?

Exercise for Lecture 1 - Introduction

 Exercise accompany with “Transport Phenomena” (last updated: Jan 2018),
Dr.-Ing. Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Materials and Production Engineering Program (MPE),
The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS)

TS,2 Luft, air TS,1, εS,1

T∞, α
L0
Pel
Stahlplatte
Ti Ta
H0

sB
TS,1

TB
Betonfundament

Exercise 1d.3

The electric heating element provides constant heat flux density into the air duct wall. The
thickness of the wall is 10 mm. Thermal conductivity of the wall material is  = 20 W/(mK). In
one place along the stream the air temperature of 30°C and heat transfer coefficient
 = 100 W/(m2K)(between air and inner surface at the duct wall) have been measured.

a) What heat flux density is necessary to hold the interior wall surface at 85°C in the
mentioned place?
b) What is the temperature T0 at the contact surface between the duct wall and the
heating element?

Luft

T

Ti

s  q''0 T0 Kanalwand
el. Heizung
Isolierung
q&out  0

Exercise for Lecture 1 - Introduction

 Exercise accompany with “Transport Phenomena” (last updated: Jan 2018),
Dr.-Ing. Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Materials and Production Engineering Program (MPE),
The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS)

Exercise 1d.4

For the preheating of 10 gallons water inside the adiabatic insulated tank, three resistance
heating elements are applied. The length of these elements is L = 250 mm and the diameter
is D = 25 mm. The specific heating power of each heater is pel = 25 kW/m². The density of
water is ρ = 990 kg/m³ and constant specific heat is c = 4180 J/ (kgK).

a) What time is required to preheat water from the temperature T0 = 295 K to T1 = 335 K?
b) In this case the free convection between heating element and water can be
approximate with ɑ = 360 (TS-T) 1/3 W/ (m²K) (TS - external surface temperature of the
heating elements, T - water temperature). What is the temperature of the heating
element directly at the beginning and at the end of the heating process?)

T0  T1

Exercise for Lecture 1 - Introduction