final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 1

Version number encoded for clicker entry: ρh = 13 g/cm3 .

V1:1, V2:1, V3:5, V4:1, V5:5.
Using the definition of density
Question 1 m` m`
ρ` = =
Part 1 of 1. 10 points. V` A2 L
A heavy liquid with a density 13 g/cm3 is m`
L= = 14.8746 cm .
poured into a U-tube as shown in the left- A2 ρ`
hand figure below. The left-hand arm of the After the light liquid has been added to the
tube has a cross-sectional area of 9.79 cm2 , right side of the tube, a volume A2 h2 of heavy
and the right-hand arm has a cross-sectional liquid is displaced to the left side, raising the
area of 5.69 cm2 . A quantity of 93.1 g of a heavy liquid on the left side by a height of
light liquid with a density 1.1 g/cm3 is then h1 with a displaced volume of A1 h1 . Since
poured into the right-hand arm as shown in the volume of heavy liquid is not changed, we
the right-hand figure below. have
9.79 cm2 5.69 cm2 9.79 cm2 5.69 cm2 A 1 h1 = A 2 h2 .
At the level of the heavy-light liquid interface
in the right side, the absolute pressure is
P = Patm + ρ` g L ,
h1 L and at the same level in the left tube,
P = Patm + ρh g [h1 + h2 ] .
h2
Equating these two values, we obtain
ρ` g L = ρh g [h1 + h2 ]
 
A1
= ρ h g h1 + h1
A2
 
A1
heavy liquid light liquid = ρ h g h1 1 + .
A2
13 g/cm3 1.1 g/cm3
If the density of the heavy liquid is Solving for h1 , we have
13 g/cm3 , by what height h1 does the heavy ρ L
liquid rise in the left arm? h1 =  ` 
A1
1. 0.408594 cm ρh 1 +
A2
2. 0.42161 cm
3. 0.435098 cm (1.1 g/cm3 ) (14.8746 cm)
=
(9.79 cm2 )
 
4. 0.448565 cm 3
5. 0.462632 cm correct (13 g/cm ) 1 +
(5.69 cm2 )
6. 0.477064 cm
= 0.462632 cm .
Explanation:

Question 2
Let : m` = 93.1 g , Part 1 of 3. 10 points.
A1 = 9.79 cm2 ,
A ski jumper travels down a slope and
A2 = 5.69 cm2 , leaves the ski track moving in the horizon-
ρ` = 1.1 g/cm3 , and tal direction with a speed of 26 m/s as in the
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 2
figure. The landing incline below her falls off Excluding t from these equations gives
with a slope of θ = 41◦ .
2 v02 sin θ
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . d=
g cos2 θ
26 m/s
(2) (26 m/s)2 sin 41◦
=
(9.8 m/s2 ) cos2 41◦
= 158.904 m .

y Question 3
d
Part 2 of 3. 10 points.
Determine how long the ski jumper is air-
borne.
1. 4.46449 s
x 41 ◦ 2. 4.61254 s correct
vf φ 3. 4.75773 s
4. 4.92699 s
5. 5.10204 s
Calculate the distance d she travels along 6. 5.28332 s
the incline before landing.
1. 154.136 m Explanation:
2. 158.904 m correct Excluding d rather than t from the system
3. 163.946 m above, we obtain
4. 169.712 m 2 v0 tan θ
5. 175.259 m t=
g
6. 182.106 m (2) (26 m/s) tan(41◦ )
=
Explanation: 9.8 m/s2
It is convenient to select the origin (x =
= 4.61254 s .
y = 0) at the beginning of the jump. Since
vx0 = 26 m/s and vy0 = 0 m/s in this case,
we have Question 4
Part 3 of 3. 10 points.
x = vx0 t
1 2 1 2 What is the magnitude of the relative angle
y = vy0 t − gt = gt . φ with which the ski jumper hits the slope?
2 2
1. 15.7047 ◦
The distance d she travels along the incline 2. 16.3548 ◦
before landing is related to her x and y coor- 3. 16.9574 ◦
dinates by 4. 17.7627 ◦
5. 18.435 ◦
x = d cos θ 6. 19.0932 ◦ correct
y = −d sin θ . Explanation:
Substituting these expressions for x and y into
the two equations above, we obtain vy = −g t
= −(9.8 m/s2 ) (4.61254 s)
d cos θ = vx t
1 = −45.2029 m/s , and
d sin θ = g t2 . vx = 26 m/s , given.
2
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 3
The direction φt of the velocity vector (rela- L1 be the distance to the finish line after
tive to the positive x axis) at impact is the first encounter.
..
 
vy .
φt = arctan Li be the distance to the finish line after
v
 x the ith encounter.
−45.2029 m/s

= arctan
26 m/s
◦
= −60.0932 .
Therefore the relative angle of impact φ on finish
the slope is line
dr1 L1
φ = |φt | − θ db1
= (60.0932◦ ) − (41◦ ) Since the bird travels 5 times as fast as the
= 19.0932 .◦ runner at the first meeting between the bird
and runner,
d b 1 = 5 d r1 . (1)
Question 5
Part 1 of 2. 10 points. The sum of the bird’s and runner’s distances
is 5 times L.
A runner is jogging at a steady vr =
7 km/hr. When the runner is L = 7.5 km d b 1 + d r1 = 2 L . (2)
from the finish line a bird begins flying from
the runner to the finish line at vb = 35 km/hr Therefore, substituting for db1 from Eq. (1)
(5 times as fast as the runner). When the bird
reaches the finish line, it turns around and d r1 + 5 d r1 = 2 L
flies back to the runner. Even though the bird
is a dodo, we will assume that it occupies only 2 2
d r1 = L = (7.5 km) = 2.5 km . (3)
one point in space, i.e., a zero length bird. 6 6
vb Thus the distance the bird flies is

vr
10
d b 1 = 5 d r1 = L
finish 6
line 10
L = (7.5 km) = 12.5 km , (4)
6
How far does the bird travel?
and the distance for the runner to travel after
1. 12 km
this first encounter is
2. 12.5 km correct
3. 12.9 km 4 4
4. 13.3333 km L1 = L = (7.5 km) = 5 km .
6 6
5. 13.76 km
6. 14.2286 km
Question 6
Explanation: Part 2 of 2. 10 points.
Let, dodo birds fly, and
dr be the distance the runner travels. After this first encounter, the bird then
db be the distance the bird travels. turns around and flies from the runner back
vr be the speed of the runner. to the finish line, turns around again and flies
vb be the speed of the bird. back to the runner. The bird repeats the back
L = dr be the original distance to the finish and forth trips until the runner reaches the
line. finish line.
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 4
How far does the bird travel from the be- By comparing Eq. (8) with (9), and general-
ginning? (i.e., include the distance traveled izing (` = 4, and k = 6), the infinite series
to the first encounter)
1. 36 km ∞  i ∞  i
X ` `X `
2. 37.5 km correct =1+ (10)
k k k
3. 39 km i=0 i=0
4. 40.5 km ∞  i
5. 42 km X `
then solving Eq. (10) for
6. 43.5 km k
i=0
Explanation:
∞  i
Repeating this scenario a second time the

X ` k 
distance for the runner to travel after the = (11)
k k − ` k=6, `=4
second encounter is i=0
∞  i
 2 X 4 6 6
4 4 = = .
L2 = L1 = L, 6 6−4 2
6 6 i=0

and the third time Therefore [from Eq. (7)]

 3
4 4 ∞  i
L3 = L2 = L, 10 X 4
6 6 db = L
6 6
i=0
and the ith time 10 6
 i = L = 5L
4 4 6 2
Li = Li−1 = L. (5) = 5 (7.5 km) = 37.5 km .
6 6
Note: The distance the bird travels between Elegant Alternative Solution: The bird
the (i − 1)th and ith time is [see Eq. (4)] will travel 5 times as far as the runner in the
 i same time. Since the bird and jogger travel for
10 4
d bi = L (6) the same length of time, the bird will travel
6 6
and summing over all terms dbi db = 5 × L = 5 (7.5 km) = 37.5 km
"∞  #
X∞
10 X 4 i
db = d bi = L (7)
6 6 Question 7
i=0 i=0
"  2  3 Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
10 4 4 4
= L 1+ + + (8) The two blocks are connected by a light
6 6 6 6
  4  5  6 # string that passes over a frictionless pulley
4 4 4 with a negligible mass. The 4 kg block lies
+ + + +··· on a rough horizontal surface with a constant
6 6 6
coefficient of kinetic friction 0.3. This block
1 is connected to a spring with spring constant
Or, by factoringfrom the second term on
6 4 N/m. The second block has a mass of 9 kg.
( "  2 The system is released from rest when the
10 4 4 4 spring is unstretched, and the 9 kg block falls
db = L 1+ 1+ + (9)
6 6 6 6 a distance h before it reaches the lowest point.
 3  4  5 #) The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
4 4 4 Note: When the 9 kg block is at the lowest
+ + + +···
6 6 6 point, its velocity is zero.
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 5

4 N/m h We know that Einitial = Ef inal + Eµ , where

4 kg 4 kg Eµ is the mechanical energy removed by fric-
tion. In order to solve the second part of the
µ = 0.3 problem we need to calculate the initial and fi-
9 kg nal energies. Let y1 be the vertical position of
m1 and y2 the vertical position of m2 , where
h say y = 0 is the initial vertical position of m2 .
The total energy of the system is E = U + K,
9 kg where U = Ugrav1 + Ugrav2 + Uspring . Ini-
Calculate the mechanical energy removed tially, Ugrav1,in = m1 g y1 , Ugrav2,in = 0,
Uspringi n = 0 (the spring is unstretched) and
by friction durning the time when the 9 kg
Kin = 0 . In the final situation the masses
mass falls a distance h .
have a null velocity, and so we have once
1. 449.467 J correct
again Kf in = 0 . The potential energies are
2. 466.754 J
Ugrav1 = m1 g y1 , Ugrav2,f in = m2 g (y1 − h)
3. 484.042 J
1
4. 512.213 J and Uspring = k h2 .
5. 528.22 J 2
Finally, letting y1 = 0 m and using Eq. 2
6. 553.19 J for h, we get
Explanation:
Basic Concepts:
Work-Energy Theorem
Spring Potential Energy Eµ = Einitial − Ef inal
Frictional Force according to the Work- 1
Energy Theorem = −m2 g (−h) − k h2
Solution: 2
1
ext
WA→B = (KB − KA ) + (UBg − UAg ) = m2 g h − k h2
2
+ (UBsp − UAsp ) + WA→B
dis 2g 2
.
m2 (m2 − µ m1 ) − (m2 − µ m1 )2
 
=
For the present case, the external work k
ext
WA→B = 0, A corresponds to the initial state 2 µ m1 g 2
= [m2 − µ m1 ]
and B the state where m2 has descended by a k
distance s. The sum of the kinetic energy of 2 (0.3) (4 kg) (9.8 m/s2 )2
=
m1 plus that of m2 at B is given by (4 N/m)
K = KB × [(9 kg) − (0.3) (4 kg)]
= (UAg − UBg ) + (UAsp − UBsp ) − WA→Bdis
= 449.467 J .
1
= m2 g s − k s 2 − µ m1 g s . (1)
2
Based on the Eq. 1 at s = h, KB = 0, we
have
1 Question 8
µ m1 g h = m 2 g h − k h 2 .
2 Part 1 of 3. 10 points.
In turn,
Given: The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.
2 g [m2 − µ m1 ] An open vertical tube has water in it. A
h= (2)
k tuning fork vibrates over its mouth. As the
2 (9.8 m/s2 ) [(9 kg) − (0.3) (4 kg)] water level is lowered in the tube, the seventh
=
(4 N/m) resonance is heard when the water level is
= 38.22 m . 143 cm below the top of the tube.
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 6
= 44 cm .

Question 9
Part 2 of 3. 10 points.
What is the frequency of the sound wave;
i.e., the tuning fork?
1. 635.185 s−1
2. 659.615 s−1

143 cm
3. 686 s−1
4. 714.583 s−1
5. 745.652 s−1
6. 779.545 s−1 correct
Explanation:
The frequency is

v
f=
λ
(343 m/s)
=
(44 cm) (0.01 m/cm)
= 779.545 Hz .
What is the wave length of the sound
wave?
1. 36 cm
2. 38 cm Question 10
3. 40 cm Part 3 of 3. 10 points.
4. 42 cm The water continues to leak out the bottom
5. 44 cm correct of the tube.
6. 46 cm When the open vertical tube next resonates
Explanation: with the tuning fork, what is its length.
There are seven nodes (N = 7) in the air 1. 139.5 cm
column. 2. 144 cm
λ 3. 148.75 cm
The number of quarter wavelengths in
4 4. 154 cm
the length of the pipe is J = 13 . Since
5. 159.75 cm
` 4` 4` 6. 165 cm correct
J = , then λ = = .
λ J 13
4 Explanation:
The next resonance will occur when the
The number of quarter wavelengths is odd
open vertical tube has a length of one-
which is indicative of a node at one end and
half wavelength greater than its initial wave
an anti-node at the other end of the tube.
length.
4`
λ= , where N = 7
2N − 1 λ
4` `0 = ` +
= 2
2 (7) − 1 (44 cm)
4 (143 cm) = (143 cm) +
= 2
2 (7) − 1 = 165 cm .
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 7
3
Question 11 2
Part 1 of 1. 10 points. 1
You are given f1 (x), a transverse wave that 3. 0
moves on a string that ends and is FIXED in -1
place at x = 5 m. As the problem begins, the
wave is moving to the right at v = 1 m/s. -2
-3
v 0 1 2 3 4 5
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

Distance (meter)
2
1 3
0 2
-1 1
-2 4. 0
-3 -1
2 3 0 4 1 5 -2
Distance (meter)
-3
What is the shape of the wave on the string 0 1 2 3 4 5
after 5 s? Distance (meter)
3 correct
2 3
1 2
1. 0 1
-1 5. 0
-2 -1
-3 -2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) -3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter)
3
2 3
1 2
2. 0 1
-1 6. 0
-2 -1
-3 -2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) -3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter)

Explanation:
Consider the image of the wave reflected
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 8
about the FIXED point x = 5 m in the fol- Resultant, at t = 5 s
lowing diagram. The image will be moving 3

Amplitude (centimeter)
to the left at v 0 = −1 m/s (in the opposite
2
direction from the real wave).
The initial wave (real) on the string is rep- 1
resented with a dashed line and its reflected 0
wave (imaginary) is represented with a dotted
line. -1
Initial time, t = 0 s -2
v v0 -3
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

0 1 2 3 4 5
2 Distance (meter)
1 Question 12
0 Part 1 of 5. 10 points.
-1 Assume: When the disk lands on the sur-
-2 face it does not bounce.
-3 The disk has mass 8 kg and outer radius
0 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 50 cm with a radial mass distribution (which
Distance (meter) may not be uniform) so that its moment of
5
After 5 s the positions of the two waves inertia is m R2 .
are have both moved 5 meters in opposite 9
The disk is rotating at angular speed
directions. The resultant sum of the two 7 rad/s around its axis when it touches the
waves is the light gray line. surface, as shown in the figure below. The
Superposition, at t = 5 s disk is carefully lowered onto a horizontal sur-
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

face and released at time t0 with zero initial

2 linear velocity along the surface. The coef-
ficient of friction between the disk and the
1
surface is 0.01 .
0 The kinetic friction force between the sur-
-1 face and the disk slows down the rotation of
the disk and at the same time gives it a hor-
-2 izontal acceleration. Eventually, the disk’s
-3 linear motion catches up with its rotation,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and the disk begins to roll (at time trolling )
Distance (meter) without slipping on the surface.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

8 kg 50 cm , radius

7 rad/s
5
I= m R2
9
µ = 0.01

How long t = trolling − t0 does it take for

the ball to roll without slipping?
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 9
1. 12.7551 s correct The time dependence of ω is
2. 13.3333 s
3. 14.0625 s ω = ω0 − α t
4. 14.5005 s 9 µg
= ω0 − t. (4)
5. 15.3061 s 5 R
6. 16.3265 s When the disk reaches pure rolling, the veloc-
Explanation: ity from the perspective of the surface will be
the same as the velocity from the perspective
of the center of the disk; that is, there will be
Let : r = 50 cm = 0.5 m , no slipping. Setting the velocity ωdisk from
ω0 = 7 rad/s , Eq. 4 equal to ωsurf ace from Eq. 2 gives
m = 8 kg , and
ωdisk = ωsurf ace
µ = 0.01 .
9 µg µg
ω0 − t= t , or
From the perspective of the surface, let the 5 R R
speed of the center of the disk be vsurf ace . 14
µ g t = R ω0 , so
Using the frictional force f , we can determine 5
the acceleration 5 R ω0
t= . (5)
14 µ g
f = µmg, and
X 5 (0.5 m) (7 rad/s)
Fsurf ace = m a , or =
14 (0.01) (9.8 m/s2 )
m a = µ m g , so
= 12.7551 s .
a = µ g , and
µg
α= . (1)
R Question 13
Since Part 2 of 5. 10 points.
ωsurf ace = α t , we have Once the disk rolls without slipping, what
µg is its angular speed?
= t. (2)
R 1. 2.22222 rad/s
After pure rolling begins at trolling there is no 2. 2.30769 rad/s
longer any frictional force and consequently 3. 2.4 rad/s
no acceleration. From the perspective of the 4. 2.5 rad/s correct
center of the disk, let the tangential velocity 5. 2.625 rad/s
of the rim of the disk be vdisk and the angular 6. 2.72727 rad/s
velocity be ω ; the angular acceleration is Explanation:
X Using Eqs. 1 and 5, we have
τ = I α , so
τ ωrot = α t
α= µg
I = t
µmgR R 
=

5 µg 5 ω0 R
m R2 =
9 T 14 µ g
9 µg 5
= (3) = ω0 , (6)
5 R 14
9 (0.01) (9.8 m/s2 ) 5
= = (7 rad/s)
5 (0.5 m) 14
= 0.3528 rad/s2 . = 2.5 rad/s .
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 10
or using Eqs. 4 and 5, we have The ball spins at a constant deceleration.
Using Eq. 3, we have
9 µg
ωrot = ω0 − t
5 R  1

9 µg 5 R
 ∆θ = ω0 t − α t2
= ω0 − ω0  2 
5 R 14 µ g 5 R ω0
= ω0
5 14 µ g
= ω0 . (6)
14 
1 9 µg

5 R ω0
2
−
2 5 R 14 µ g
Question 14   2
5 45 R ω0
Part 3 of 5. 10 points. = −
14 392 µg
How far ∆s does the ball slide until it begins 95 R ω02
to roll without slipping? = (8)
392 µ g
1. 6.94444 m
95 (0.5 m) (7 rad/s)2
2. 7.18006 m =
3. 7.41817 m 392 (0.01) (9.8 m/s2 )
4. 7.68469 m = 60.5867 rad
5. 7.97194 m correct = 3471.36 ◦ .
6. 8.22857 m
The number of revolutions is
Explanation:
Starting at rest, the ball slides at a constant ∆θ
acceleration. Using Eq. 5, we have ∆θrev =
360◦
1 2 (60.5867 rad)
∆s = at =
2 360◦
1

5 R ω0
2 = 9.64268 rev .
= µg
2 14 µ g
Note: When comparing Part 3 to Part 4,
25 R ω02
2
= (7) the ball spins more than it slides due to the
392 µ g fact it is slipping on the surface.
25 (0.5 m)2 (7 rad/s)2
= R ∆θ > ∆s
392 (0.01) (9.8 m/s2 )
95 R2 ω02 25 R2 ω02
= 7.97194 m . > .
392 µ g 392 µ g

Question 15 Question 16
Part 4 of 5. 10 points. Part 5 of 5. 10 points.
Through what angle ∆θ does the disk ro- What is the ratio of the final kinetic en-
tate while sliding before it begins to roll with- ergy (after pure rolling occures) to the initial
out slipping? kinetic energy?
1. 8.20643 rev
2. 8.50254 rev Kf 2
1. =
3. 8.94874 rev K0 5
4. 9.23223 rev Kf 3
5. 9.64268 rev correct 2. =
K0 7
6. 9.94718 rev Kf 5
3. = correct
Explanation: K0 14
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 11

Kf 7
4. =
K0 15
h
Kf 1
5. =
K0 4
Kf 9 light liquid
6. = 8.8 cm
K0 19 611 kg/m3

Explanation:
5
Using Eq. 6, ωdisk = ωrolling = ω0 , heavy liquid
14
1000 kg/m3

What is the difference h in the heights of

the two liquid surfaces?
1 1. 2.9155 cm
K0 = I ω02 , and 2. 3.008 cm
2
1 1 3. 3.1059 cm
2 2
Kf = I ωrolling + m vrolling 4. 3.204 cm
2 2
1 1 5. 3.315 cm
2
= I ωrolling + m R2 ωrolling
2
6. 3.4232 cm correct
2 2
m R2 Explanation:
 
1 2
= I ωrolling 1 +
2 I
 2  
1 5 9 Let : ` = 8.8 cm ,
= I ω0 1+
2 14 5 ρ` = 611 kg/m3 , and
 2  
1 5 14 ρh = 1000 kg/m3 .
= I ω02
2 14 5
5 Basic Concepts: gauge pressure, varia-
= K0 , so tion of pressure with depth
14
Because the liquid in the U-tube is static,
Kf 5
= . the pressure exerted by the heavy liquid col-
K0 14 umn of height ` − h in the left branch of the
tube must balance the pressure exerted by
the liquid of height h poured into the right
branch. Therefore,

P0 + (` − h) ρh g = P0 + ` ρ` g .
Question 17
Part 1 of 1. 10 points. Solving for h,
 
A simple U-tube that is open at both ends is ρ`
h=` 1−
partially filled with heavy liquid. The density ρh
of heavy liquid is 1000 kg/m3 . A liquid of (611 kg/m3 )
 
density 611 kg/m3 is then poured into one = (8.8 cm) 1 −
(1000 kg/m3 )
arm of the tube, forming a column 8.8 cm in
height, as shown in the following diagram. = 3.4232 cm .
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 12

Question 18
R
Part 1 of 1. 10 points. S is the com-

R−
mon arc length θ
The cylindrical disk has mass 7 kg and

r
outer radius 8 cm with a radial mass distribu- S = r (φ + θ)
tion (which may not be uniform) so that its S = Rθ r
3
moment of inertia is m r 2 . φ
5 θ
The disk rolls (perpendicularly to the axis)
without slipping in a cylindrical trough, see S
figure below. S
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
Note: The dotted curve is a
hypocycloid denoting the path of the
cm

contact point at equilibrium as the

40

disk rolls back and forth in the cylin-

8 cm drical trough.
The arc length along the disk (which rolls
back and forth) must equal the arc length
along the cylindrical trough (both arc lengths
Determine (for small displacements from are labeled S in the figure).
equilibrium) the period of harmonic oscilla- Therefore, φ and θ are related by
tion which the disk undergoes. r (φ + θ) = R θ , or
1. 1.30074 s
r φ = (R − r) θ , so
2. 1.3464 s
dφ dθ
3. 1.39055 s r = (R − r) ,
4. 1.43616 s correct dt dt
5. 1.48096 s from the rolling without slipping condition.
6. 1.53294 s Now the torque equation around the point of
contact is
Explanation:
X d2 φ
τ : m g r sin θ = −I
Basic Concepts: Let r be the radius of dt2
2
d φ
the disk and R be the radius of the cylin- I + mgrθ = 0,
drical trough. The disk is rolling without dt2
slipping. Choose the point of contact as our since sin θ ≈ θ. Substituting θ in place of φ,
axis. Around this point, the rotational inertia we have
of the disk is, using parallel axis theorem,
R − r d2 θ
I + mgrθ = 0
r dt2
3 8 d2 θ m g r2
I = m r2 + m r2 = m r2 . (1) + θ=0.
5 3 dt2 I (R − r)
Substituting I from Eq. 1, we have
d2 θ 5 m g r2
Solution: Let the angle of rotation around + θ=0
dt2 8 (R − r) m r 2
this instantaneous contact point be φ and the
angle the center of the disk makes from the d2 θ 5 g
+ θ = 0. (2)
center of the trough to the vertical be θ. dt 2 8 (R − r)
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 13
Equation 2 is the differential equation for sim- = constant , so
ple harmonic motion. The coefficient of θ is dE 8 d θ d2 θ
ω 2 . Therefore = m (R − r)2
dt 5 dt dt2
s dθ
5 g +m g (R − r) θ
ω= , and dt
8 (R − r) = 0 . Therefore,
d2 θ 5 g
s
8 (R − r) + θ = 0. (3)
T = 2π dt 2 8 (R − r)
5 g
Equations 2 and 3 are the same equation for
s
8 (0.4 m) − (0.08 m)
= 2π simple harmonic motion.
5 (9.8 m/s2 )
= 1.43616 s . Question 19
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
Alternative Solution: The kinetic en-
The figure below shows a complex wave
ergy,
pattern on a string moving towards a rigid
1

dx
2
1
 2
dφ hook at the wall on the right. After some
K= m + I time, the wave is reflected from the wall.
2 dt 2 dt
 2
1 dθ v
= m (R − r)2
2 dt
 2
3 2 dφ
+ mr
10 dt
1
 2
dθ Select the wave pattern for the reflected wave.
= m (R − r)2
2 dt
 2 1.
3 2 dθ
+ m (R − r) v
10 dt
 2
4 dθ 2. correct
= m (R − r)2 ,
5 dt

3 dθ v
since Idisk = m r 2 , v = r ω, and ω = .
5 dt 3.
The potential energy is

U = mgh
v
= m g (R − r) (1 − cos θ)
1 4.
≈ m g (R − r) θ 2 ,
2
1 2 v
since 1−cos θ ≈ θ . Energy is conserved,
2
therefore E = K +U = constant, and we have 5.
 2
4 dθ
E = m (R − r)2
5 dt Explanation:
1 Consider the wave pattern image reflected
+ m g (R − r) θ 2 about the rigid hook on the wall.
2
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 14

v
h
1. W2 + h W 1 = F b
2
b
2. W2 + b W1 = F h
v 2
b b
After the time it takes for the wave to be 3. W2 + W1 = F h correct
4 2
reflected from the wall, this image is the wave
h
pattern traveling to the left along the string. 4. (W1 + W2 ) = F b
Note: Reflection about a point (hook) is the 2
same as reflection about the y-axis (wall) fol- b
5. (W1 + W2 ) = F h
lowed by reflection about the x-axis (string). 2
The leading part of the wave must remain in h h
front and the wave is flipped over. 6. W2 + W1 = F b
4 2
This is the first wave pattern of four possi- Explanation:
ble wave patterns presented by this question.

Question 20
F
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
Consider a uniform ladder leaning against 

a smooth wall and resting on a smooth floor

at point P . There is a rope stretched horizon-
tally, with one end tied to the bottom of the
ladder essentially at P and the other end to W1 θ
the wall. The top of the ladder is at a height
is h up the wall and the base of the ladder is T W2
at a distance b from the wall. P ivot


The weight of the ladder is W1 . Jill, with

 a Nf
`
weight W2 , is one-fourth the way d = up
4
the ladder. The force which the wall exerts on
the ladder is F .
X
Fx : T − F = 0 , (1)
X
` F F y : Nf − W 2 − W 1 = 0 , and (2)
X `
τP : W2 d cos θ + W1 cos θ (3)
2
−F ` sin θ = 0 ,
h where d is the distance of the person from the
θ
bottom of the ladder. Therefore
d W1
2 F ` sin θ = 2 W2 d cos θ + W1 ` cos θ .
W2 T
P 

h b
Since sin θ = and cos θ = , the torque
b ` `
equation about P is given by
Note: Figure is not to scale. b b
The torque equation about P is given by W2 + W1 = F h . (4)
4 2
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 15
5. 33.8495 N
Question 21 6. 35.108 N
Part 1 of 2. 10 points. Explanation:
A flexible chain weighing 44.2 N hangs be- At the midpoint of the chain, there is only a
tween two hooks located at the same height. horizontal component of the tension. Since
At each hook, the tangent to the chain makes the chain is in equilibrium, the tension at the
an angle θ = 35.8 ◦ with the horizontal. midpoint must equal the horizontal compo-
nent of the force of a hook.
θ
Te cos θ = Tm
Find the magnitude of the force each hook Therefore
exerts on the chain.
1. 34.343 N Tm = Te cos θ
2. 35.492 N = (37.7805 N) cos(35.8◦ )
3. 36.6252 N = 30.6424 N
4. 37.7805 N correct
5. 38.9907 N
6. 40.3285 N Question 23
Explanation: Part 1 of 2. 10 points.
Basic Concept: In equilibrium,
A string of linear mass density µ =
X
~ =0 1.94 g/m is stretched by the weight of an
F
adjustable mass m as shown on the picture
below.
~ = 0. By
X
Solution: In equilibrium F
2.28 m
symmetry each hook supports half the weight
of the chain, so
W
Ty = Te sin θ = µ = 1.94 g/m
2 m18
vibrator
Therefore
W
Te =
2 sin θ
44.2 N Note: The wave pattern show
= above is for illustrative pur-
2 sin 35.8◦ poses only.
= 37.7805 N
Near the end of the string a vibrator is at-
tached at a constant but unknown frequency;
Question 22 the length of the string which vibrates is
Part 2 of 2. 10 points. L = 2.28 m. For some values of the mass
mn , the string resonates with the vibrator’s
Hint: For this part, make a free-body dia- frequency and develops visible standing waves
gram for half the chain. with n − 1 nodes (not counting the nodes as
Find the tension in the chain at its mid- each end) and n anti-nodes between the vi-
point. brator and the pulley.
1. 29.7217 N A lab student who performed this experi-
2. 30.6424 N correct ment recorded two consecutive resonances for
3. 31.5973 N mn = 2.25 kg and for mn−1 = 2.56 kg. Unfor-
4. 32.7227 N tunately, he forgot to record the actual node
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 16
numbers for the resonances but only wrote Therefore, for the mass m16 = 2.25 kg , the
that there were no resonances for any masses resonant wave has n = 16 antinodes and
between 2.25 kg and 2.56 kg. n − 1 = 15 nodes (not counting the two nodes
How many antinodes did the resonant wave at each end), as seen in the figure below.
have for m = 2.25 kg ?
2.28 m
1. 13
2. 14
3. 15
4. 16 correct µ = 1.94 g/m
5. 17 vibrator 2.25 kg
6. 18
Explanation:
A resonant standing wave with (n − 1)
nodes between two fixed ends of the string Question 24
— which are also nodes — occupies length of Part 2 of 2. 10 points.
n half-wavelengths, hence the resonance oc-
curs whenever What is the frequency of the oscillator?
n λn 2L 1. 374.075 Hz correct
L= =⇒ λn = . 2. 388.512 Hz
2 n
The wavelength λ depends on the oscillator’s 3. 401.554 Hz
frequency f and the speed 4. 416.671 Hz
s 5. 431.679 Hz
F mg 6. 448.881 Hz
r
v= =
µ µ
Explanation:
of the transverse waves on the string,
In the first part of the problem, we derived
f λ= v.
Consequently, the resonance happens when
2L mn g
r
2L
r
mn g f× = f λn = vn = .
f = f λn = vn = , n µ
n µ
i. e., for the string-stretching mass
Now that we know n, we use this formula to
1 4 L2 f 2 µ evaluate the frequency
mn = 2 .
n g
Now consider the ratio of masses for two
n mn g
r
consecutive resonances f= = 374.075 Hz .
mn−1 n2 2L µ
= ,
mn (n − 1)2
which does not depend on anything but n.
Consequently, Question 25
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
n2 2.56 kg
= = 1.13778 ,
(n − 1) 2 2.25 kg Needing help, the secretary of the
n √ United States Department of Agriculture
= 1.13778 = 1.06667,
n−1 asked your teacher, “If a chicken-and-a-
1 half can lay an egg-and-a-half in a day-
n−1= = 15 . and-a-half, how many days will it take
1.06667 − 1
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 17
two chickens to lay twenty-four eggs?” In the requested instance, the number of
chickens is (2 chickens) and the number of
eggs is (24 eggs). The number of days N is
to be determined. Therefore in the requested
instance, the rate is

{24 eggs}
rate = . (2)
Please help your teacher select the correct {2 chickens} {N }
answer to the secretary’s question.
The rate is constant, so equating the rates
1. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in Eqs. (1) and (2), we have
twenty-two days.
2 eggs 24 eggs
=
2. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in 3 chicken · days 2 chickens · N
ten days.
Solving for the number of days N , we have
3. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in 24 eggs 3 chickens · days
eighteen days. correct N =
2 chickens 2 eggs
4. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in = 18 days .
twenty-one days.
The correct answer: “Two chickens will lay
5. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in twenty-four eggs in eighteen days.”
twelve days. Note: The early chicken catches the worm.

6. Two chickens will lay twenty-four eggs in Question 26

twenty days. Part 1 of 1. 10 points.

Explanation: Assume: h = 12 m, L = 6 m, and θ = 60◦ ,

Basic Concept: The information given and that the cross-sectional area at A is very
in the question is the rate of egg production large compared with that at B.
in one instance and you must make this rate Assume: y = 0 at B.
compatible with another instance. The rate Measure the height from the top of the
of egg production is constant. The number of angled tube. The figure below shows a water
eggs per chicken per day is a constant. tank with a valve at the bottom.
Solution: Since it takes a chicken-and-a-half The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
a day-and-a-half to lay an egg-and-a-half, it
will take one chicken one-and-a-half days to A
lay one egg. Therefore, to lay twenty-four
eggs it will take two chickens eighteen days.
Alternative Method: Unit analysis is 12 m B
basic to every physics problem and is central Valve hmax
6m

◦
to this problem. The rate of egg production is 60
the number of eggs produced per chicken per
day. In the given instance the rate is
Figure: Not drawn to scale.
{3/2 eggs} If this valve is opened, what is the max-
rate =
{3/2 chickens} {3/2 days} imum height hmax attained by the water
2 eggs stream coming out of the spigot on the right
= . (1)
3 chickens · days side of the figure?
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 18
1. 4.5051 m What is the value of the mass M ? Assume
2. 4.64933 m all surfaces are frictionless.
3. 4.79733 m 1. 0.277538 kg correct
4. 4.94634 m 2. 0.286754 kg
5. 5.10289 m correct 3. 0.296683 kg
6. 5.26413 m 4. 0.306103 kg
Explanation: 5. 0.317439 kg
Let us first compute the speed with which 6. 0.327494 kg
the water leaves the tank at B by applying Explanation:
Bernoulli’s equation between A and B. Since
the cross-sectional area at A is much larger
than the one at B, we can neglect the speed Given : m = 3 kg ,
of the water at A compared to that at B. The y0 = 0 m ,
pressure at both points is going to be equal to y = 94.7 cm = 0.947 m ,
the atmospheric pressure Patm . The equation
t0 = 0 s ,
is then
t = 1.51074 s , and
1 2
Patm + ρw g (h − L sin θ) = Patm + ρw vB , µ = 0.
2
and so a
p T
vB = 2 g (h − L sin θ) .
T
m M a
Now the problem reduces to that of projec-
tile motion, for which the maximum height is mg
N Mg
given by

vB2 sin2 θ From kinematics, we have

hmax =
2g 1 2 1 2
y − y 0 = v0 + at = at
= [h − L sin θ] sin2 θ 2 2
= [(12 m) − (6 m) sin(60◦ )] sin2 (60◦ ) 2y
a=
t2
= 5.10289 m .
The only external force acting on the sys-
tem is the weight M g suspended from the
Question 27 rope, so from Newton’s second law we have
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
M g = (M + m) a
The system shown below is released from ma
rest and moves 94.7 cm in 1.51074 s. M= (3)
g−a
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 2y
m 2 2
= t ·t
3 kg 2 y t2
g− 2
t
µ=0 2my
=
g t2 − 2 y
2 (3 kg) (0.947 m)
M =
(1.51074 s)2 (9.8 m/s2 ) − 2 (0.947 m)
= 0.277538 kg .
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm
Question 28
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
The system is in equilibrium and the pulleys
are frictionless and massless.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
19
At the mass m2 , T3 acts up, and m2 g and T2
act down, so
T3 = m 2 g + T 2 = m 2 g + 2 m 1 g .
At pulley 2, T3 acts up on either side of the
pulley and T4 acts down, so

1 T4 = 2 T 3
= 2 m2 g + 4 m 1 g .
2 7 kg
At the mass m3 ,
9 kg 3

T 5 kg T4 = T + m 3 g
T = T4 − m3 g
= (2 m2 + 4 m1 − m3 ) g
Find the force T . = [2 (7 kg) + 4 (5 kg) − (9 kg)] (9.8 m/s2 )
1. 205.8 N
2. 215.6 N = 245 N .
3. 225.4 N
4. 235.2 N
5. 245 N correct Question 29
6. 254.8 N Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
Explanation: An object of mass m is moving with speed
v0 to the right on a horizontal frictionless
Let : m1 = 5 kg , surface, as shown, when it explodes into two
10
m2 = 7 kg , and pieces. Subsequently, one piece of mass m
13
m3 = 9 kg . v0
moves with a speed v10/13 = to the left.
5

1 m v0
T3 T3 T3
before
2 m2
T4 T2 v0 10 3
m m v3/13
m3 3 5 13 13
T1
after
T T1 m1
What is the speed k~v3/13 k of the other piece
of the object?
The mass m1 defines the tension T1 :
1. k~v3/13 k = 5 v0 . correct
T1 = m 1 g .
39
At pulley 3, T1 acts down on either side of the 2. k~v3/13 k = v0 .
10
pulley and T2 acts up, so
13
T2 = 2 T 1 = 2 m 1 g . 3. k~v3/13 k = v0 .
3
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 20

13 va + v t
4. k~v3/13 k = v0 . 3. ft = fc correct
10 va − v c
23 va + v t
5. k~v3/13 k = v0 . 4. ft = fc
3 va + v c
6. k~v3/13 k = 3 v0 . Explanation:
Basic Concepts: The Doppler shifted fre-
Explanation: quency, f 0 , heard in the truck is
The horizontal component of the momen- va ± v 0
tum is conserved, so f0 = f, (1)
va ∓ v s
10 3 where va is the speed of sound in air, vo is the
0 + m v0 = m v10/13 + m v3/13 speel of the observer, and vs is the speed of
13 13
10  v0  3 the source,
0 + m v0 = m − + m v3/13 The upper sign is used when the relative
13 5 13
10 3 velocities are toward one-another, and vice
m v0 = − m v0 + m v3/13 versa.
 65  13
3 65 10 Solution: The relative velocity of the ob-
v3/13 = + v0 server is towards the source so the upper sign
13 65 65
3 75 is used in the numerator (± → +), and the
v3/13 = v0 relative velocity of the source is towards the
13 65 observer so the upper sign is used in the de-
75 13
v3/13 = v0 nominator (∓ → −). Therefore Eq. 2 be-
65 3 comes
k~v3/13 k = 5 v0 .
va + v t
ft = fc .
va − v c
Question 30 This is version three of four versions.
Part 1 of 2. 10 points.
Question 31
A police car is traveling at a speed, vc , to
Part 2 of 2. 10 points.
the right. A truck is traveling at a speed, vt ,
to the left. The frequency of the siren on the A police car is traveling at a speed, vc , to
police car is fc . the right. A truck is traveling at a speed, vt ,
The speed of sound in air is va . Let vt be to the right. A wind is blowing in the opposite
the speed of the observer in the truck, and direction as that of the truck with a speed, vw ,
vc be the speed of the source, the police car. to the left. The frequency of the siren on the
vc vt police car is fc .
The speed of sound in air is va .
vc vt
Police Truck wind
vw
Police Truck
What is the frequency, ft , heard by an
observer in the moving truck?
va − v t What is the frequency, ft , heard by an
1. ft = fc observer in the moving truck?
va − v c
va − v t va − v t − v w
2. ft = fc 1. ft = fc
va + v c va + v c + v w
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 21

va − v t + v w
2. ft = fc
va − v c − v w 21.1 cm
va + v t + v w
3. ft = fc
va + v c + v w ω
va − v t − v w
4. ft = fc correct T2
va − v c − v w
va + v t − v w T3
5. ft = fc 2 kg
va + v c + v w
va + v t + v w 1.8 m
6. ft = fc
va − v c − v w T1
6 kg
Explanation: 3 kg
The problem must be worked in the frame
of reference relative to the air. “vt + vw ” is What is the tension T1 in the string be-
the relative velocity of the truck (observer), tween the block with mass 3 kg and the block
vo . “vc + vw ” is the relative velocity of the car with mass 2 kg (on the left-hand side of the
(source), vs , therefore pulley)?
1. 22.8667 N
2. 24.1231 N
va ± (vt + vw ) 3. 24.9455 N
ft = fc . (2) 4. 26.1333 N
va ∓ (vc + vw )
5. 27.1385 N
6. 32.0727 N correct
Explanation:
The relative velocity of the observer is away
from the source so the lower sign is used in
the numerator (± → −), and the relative Let : R = 21.1 cm ,
velocity of the source is towards the observer m1 = 3 kg ,
so the upper sign is used in the denominator m2 = 2 kg ,
(∓ → −). Therefore Eq. 2 becomes
m3 = 6 kg ,
h = 1.8 m ,
va − (vt + vw ) v = ωR,
ft = fc , so 1
va − (vc + vw ) I = M R2 , and
2
va − v t − v w 1 1
= fc . Kdisk = I ω 2 = M v 2 .
va − v c − v w 2 4
Consider the free body diagrams

This is version four of eight versions.

T1

T2

T3

Question 32
Part 1 of 2. 10 points. 3 kg 2 kg 6 kg
a

The pulley is massless and frictionless. A

m1 g

m2 g

m3 g

massless inextensible string is attached to

T1

these masses: 3 kg, 2 kg, and 6 kg.

The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 22
Basic Concept : For each mass in the
system Question 33
~ net = m ~a .
F Part 2 of 2. 10 points.
Solution : Since the string changes direc- What is the magnitude of the acceleration
tion around the pulley, the forces due to the of the block 3 kg?
tensions T2 and T3 are in the same direction 1. 0.890909 m/s2 correct
(up). The acceleration of the system will be 2. 1.08889 m/s2
down to the right (m3 > m1 + m2 ), and each 3. 1.4 m/s2
mass in the system accelerates at the same 4. 1.63333 m/s2
rate (the string does not stretch). Let this ac- 5. 1.96 m/s2
celeration rate be a and the tension over the 6. 2.26154 m/s2
pulley be T ≡ T2 = T3 .
In free-body diagram for the lower left-hand
mass m1 the acceleration is up and Explanation:
T1 − m 1 g = m 1 a . (1) The acceleration is the same for every mass,
since the string is inextensible. See Part 1, Eq.
In free-body diagram for the upper left-hand (5).
mass m2 the acceleration is up and
T − T1 − m2 g = m 2 a . (2) Question 34
Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
In free-body diagram for the right-hand mass
m3 the acceleration is down and All angles are measured in a counter-
−T + m3 g = m3 a . (3) clockwise direction from the positive x-axis.
A hiker makes four straight-line walks (A,
Adding Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), we have B, C, and D) in random directions and
(m3 − m1 − m2 ) g = (m1 + m2 + m3 ) a . (4) lengths starting at position (41 km, 41 km) ,
listed below and shown below in the plot.
Therefore
m3 − m 1 − m 2
a= g (5)
m1 + m 2 + m 3
6 kg − 3 kg − 2 kg A 17 km at 46 ◦
= g B 33 km at 351 ◦
3 kg + 2 kg + 6 kg
C 13 km at 306 ◦
1 kg 19 km at 193 ◦
= (9.8 m/s2 ) D
11 kg
1
= (9.8 m/s2 )
11
= 0.890909 m/s2 . B
The tension in the string between block m1 A
and block m2 (on the left-hand side of the C
pulley) can be determined from Eq. (1).
 
1 D
T1 = m 1 +1 g (6)
11
  Figure: Drawn to scale.
12
= (3 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) How far from the starting point is the hiker
11
  after these four legs of the hike?
36 1. 31.322 km
= kg (9.8 m/s2 )
11 2. 32.3045 km
= 32.0727 N . 3. 33.3462 km
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm
4. 34.4094 km correct
5. 35.4878 km
6. 36.5875 km
Explanation:
B = 167.027 ◦ .
A
C
θe
E Part 1 of 1. 10 points.
D
Scale: 10 km =
~ = 34.4094 km and θe = 167.027 ◦ .
Note: kEk
∆ax = (17 km) cos 46 ◦ = 11.8092 km ,
∆ay = (17 km) sin 46 ◦ = 12.2288 km ,
∆bx = (33 km) cos 351 ◦ = 32.5937 km ,
∆by = (33 km) sin 351 ◦ = −5.16225 km ,
∆cx = (13 km) cos 306 ◦ = 7.64123 km ,
∆cy = (13 km) sin 306 ◦ = −10.5172 km ,
∆dx = (19 km) cos 193 ◦ = −18.513 km ,
∆dy = (19 km) sin 193 ◦ = −4.2741 km ,
x0 = 41 km , starting point
y0 = 41 km , starting point
ax = (11.8092 km) + (41 km)
= 52.8092 km ,
23
1/2
+ [(33.2752 km) − (41 km)]2
= 34.4094 km ,
[(33.2752 km) − (41 km)]
 
θE = arctan
[(74.5311 km) − (41 km)]
Question 35
A particle of mass m moves along the x
axis. Its position varies with time according
to x = (6 m/s3 ) t3 + (−5 m/s2 ) t2 .
What is the work done by the force from
t = 0 to t = t1 ?
h
1. W = 18 m t21 (16 m/s6 ) t21
i
+(−8 m/s5 ) t1 + (1 m/s4 )
h
2. W = 2 m t21 (144 m/s6 ) t21
i
5 4
+(−120 m/s ) t1 + (25 m/s )
h
3. W = 2 m t21 (81 m/s6 ) t21
i
+(−90 m/s5 ) t1 + (25 m/s4 ) correct
9 h
4. W = m t1 (25 m/s6 ) t21
2
2 i
5
+(−40 m/s ) t1 + (16 m/s ) 4

ay = (12.2288 km) + (41 km)

9 h
= 53.2288 km , 5. W = m t21 (81 m/s6 ) t21
2
bx = (32.5937 km) + (52.8092 km)
i
+(−36 m/s5 ) t1 + (4 m/s4 )
= 85.4029 km , h
by = (−5.16225 km) + (53.2288 km) 6. W = 2 m t21 (36 m/s6 ) t21
= 48.0665 km ,
i
5 4
+(−60 m/s ) t1 + (25 m/s )
cx = (7.64123 km) + (85.4029 km)
= 93.0441 km , Explanation:
cy = (−10.5172 km) + (48.0665 km)
= 37.5493 km , Let : x = a t3 + b t2 ,
dx = (−18.513 km) + (93.0441 km) a = 6 m/s3 , and
= 74.5311 km , b = −5 m/s2 ,
dy = (−4.2741 km) + (37.5493 km)
Since the force is time dependent
= 33.2752 km ,
Z xf
Therefore
W ≡ ~ · d~x
F
E = [(74.5311 km) − (41 km)]2

xi
 final 01 – TAYLOR, JEFFREY W – Due: May 10 2006, 1:00 pm 24
Z xf
= m a dx
xi
Z xf
dv
=m dx
xi dt
Z xf
dv dx
=m dx
xi dx dt
Z vf
=m v dv
vi
1 1
= m vf2 − m vi2 .
2 2
The velocity of the particle is
dx
v=
dt
d  3
a t + b t2

=
hdt i
= 3 a t2 + 2 b t
h i
3 2 2
= 3 (6 m/s ) t + 2 (−5 m/s ) t
= (18 m/s3 ) t2 + (−10 m/s2 ) t .

Therefore work done on the particle is the

change in kinetic energy. For this case,

W = ∆K = Kf − Ki
1
= m (v12 − v02 )
2
1
= m v12
2
1 h i2
= m 3 a t21 + 2 b t1
2
1 h i
= m 9 a2 t41 + 6 a b t31 + 4 b2 t21
2
1 h
= m 9 (6 m/s3 )2 t41
2
+6 (6 m/s3 ) (−5 m/s2 ) t31
i
+4 (−5 m/s2 )2 t21
h
= 2 m t21 (81 m/s6 ) t21
i
+(−90 m/s5 ) t1 + (25 m/s4 ) .