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Ci(w) = Ai(x0) × Bi(y0) → Ci(w) for all w € W
Input Image
3) The overall system output, C, is obtained from the
individual rule outputs Ci by
C(w) = Agg{C1, . . . , Cn}for all w € W.
Pre-processing
III. PROPOSED METHOD
The new algorithm is proposed to overcome the above
said drawbacks
Step 1: Read the given image, and convert it into a matrix Membership functions and
FL
form where each pixel value is in the range from 0-255. Cluster centers
Step 2: Apply median filtering to remove noise.
Step 3: Create fuzzy interference system.
Step 4: Decide the number and type of Membership Feature extraction
functions for the input image by tuning the membership
functions. The following fuzzy rules are used in the proposed
algorithm for clustering. ANN
1) If the mean value is low and the standard deviation Similarity Measures
value is low then it is not an edge pixel.
2) If the mean value is medium and the standard
deviation value is low then it is an edge pixel.
Update Membership functions
3) If the mean value is high and the standard deviation and Cluster centers
value is low then it is not an edge pixel.
4) If the mean value is low and the standard deviation
value is high then it is not an edge pixel. Cost functions
5) If the mean value is medium and the standard
deviation value is high then it is not an edge pixel.
6) If the mean value is high and the standard deviation
Figure 2. Flow Diagram
value is high then it is not an edge pixel.
Step 5: Apply Fuzzification using the rules developed
above on the corresponding pixel values of the input image Finally, the parameters referring to the degree of
which gives a fuzzy set represented by a membership feature extraction are determined using RBF neural network
function. Check the rules using rule viewer and surface model. Thus, the above mentioned algorithm is used to
viewer segment the white matter, gray matter, cerebral spinal fluid
Step 6: Choose the cluster centers and extract the features (CSF) and tumor for a given MRI data set.
Step 7: Clustering is done based on similarity measures
Step 8: Update the membership function and cluster IV. RESULTS
centers
Step 9: Calculate the cost function and update the The following shows the input MRI image for
weights segmentation
Step 10: Test the stopping condition and convert the
column form to matrix form and display the segmented
image.
In Fig.2, first the input image is preprocessed using
median filter to remove noise and then the membership
functions are defined for the filtered image and clusters are
formed using fuzziness .Then neighborhood attraction is
considered to exist between neighboring pixels. This is
considered as a feature for extraction. During clustering,
each pixel attempts to attract its neighboring pixels toward
its own cluster. This neighborhood attraction depends on two
factors; the pixel intensities or feature attraction, and the Figure 3. Input Image
spatial position of the neighbors or distance attraction, which
also depends on the neighborhood structure. Consideration
of these neighboring pixels greatly restrains the influence of
noise.
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The following are the segmented outputs of the given Thus it is seen that the misclassification rate in
MRI image using the various methods such as K-means, classifying the white , gray and CSf are highly reduced in the
Fuzzy C-means, Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy-Neuro logic. proposed method as compared to the previous algorithms.
Misclassification Rate
Name of
Algorithms WHITE GRAY
CSF
MATTER MATTER
K-Means 73.68 30.10 73.68
Figure 4. K Means
Fuzzy C
29.60 30.50 29.60
Means
RBF Neural
43.51 28.28 43.51
Network
41.86 51.33 41.80
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy –
4.411 21.012 4.41
Neuro Logic
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Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Kanchipuram,
Chennai, India.
He has 9 years of teaching experience and he is
currently working as Associate Professor in the department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering at
Prathyusha Institute of Technology and management,
Chennai. He has published and presented many papers in
National and International Conference in the area of Image
processing. His research interests are Image Segmentation,
Image Compression and Image detection, speech
processing.
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