Batter H. F., Eidel W., Aerospace Science and Technology, 1997, no 8, 519-532.
Abstract The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for
slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall T = a. In addition the response to translational
forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity
environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the
vicinity of 7r/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface.
It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the
liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the
somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.
Keywords: Viscous sloshing - Anchored contact line - Slipping contactline - Cylindrical container -
Forced vibration.
Zusammenfassung Schwingungen einer viskosen Fliissigkeit im zylindrischen Behglter. Es werden die gedampften
Eigenschwingungen einer viskosen Fliissigkeit in einem Kreiszylinderbehalter fur gleitende und verankerte
Kontaktlinie bestimmt. AuBerdem wird das Antwortverhalten fur erzwungene Translationsanregung
untersucht. Die Ergebnisse konnen such fur eine viskose Fltissigkeit in Schwerelosigkeit benutzt werden,
wenn der Kontaktwinkel der Fltissigkeitsoberflache zur Zylinderwand in der Umgebung von ?r/2 liegt.
Dies besagt, da/3 die Gleichgewichtslage der freien Oberflache ungefahr eine ebene F&he darstellt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daB die Fltissigkeit zum Unterschied eines reibungsfreien Fluids in einem
kleinen Ftillhijhenbereich nur eine aperiodische Bewegung ausftihren kann. Die Haftbedingung an der
Zylinderwand wurde durch die etwas schwachere Bedingung einer verankerten Kontaktlinie ersetzt.
(5)
wi, = ?(I+ ~)tanh(cmn~)~} (1)
m=0,1,2 )...I n-1,2, ..‘)
Assuming a solution of the form N ezm+‘est, where m The simultaneous solution of the equations (12), (13)
is an integer and s = ZY+ in the complex frequency, (14) and (9) satisfying the boundary condition u = 0
we obtain with the pressure distribution at the wall r = a is given by
a2um 1 au, m2 + 1
-+;ar-- r2 um
a-2
2%mV = AdP,
1.2 m udr C7)
and
@V, 1 avm, m2 + 1
T2 vm
iw +; dr
a2vm
-kn+Tp + p,, z ‘mp, (8) where E,,, are the roots of J’,(c) = 0, m = 0; 1,2,. . .;
u ur n = 1: 2,, . and where A,,(z), Cmn(z) and Dmn(z)
have to satisfy the system of coupled ordinary
d”W law, m2 differential equations
A+- ---$-Wm
h-2 r dr
@W, 1 ap, A;, - A,,=-tnLn~,,
-swm+T=-- (9) au (1%
u u ax
u 1(13)
ml, 1 aP, m
-%4&+ -=; x+rPm
dz2 i
f&m cash
1997, no 8
522 H. F. Bauer, W. Eidel
I
where S,, = y and the dimensionless time II.1 - Slipping at the side wall
r = W/a2 If the liquid is wiping up and down the side wall
T = a of the container the combined free surface
condition is given by
dw d2W
1
ldw 1 d2w @g
sp- 2sq- +cJ T$+---+y---”
a2 [ ‘r dp2 CT
=O atz=O. (30)
i-A 3mn cash
The free surface displacement is given by
+A
C(r,p,t)=C ~C,,J,(~,,,~)E’~~~‘_~;. (31)
m=On=l
The combined free surface condition yields with the
above results (n2 = ega2/cr)
determination of s,, = F,,+ilS,,, where O,, is the where A,,, = Aj,,a2/u (j = 1,3). The anchored
decay magnitude and W,, the oscillation frequency. edge condition C = 0 at r = a yields
The results are also valid for zero-gravity, i.e. a! = 0,
as long as the contact angle B0 of the contact line
of the free surface to the container wall T = a is
Q0 = r/2 or close to this magnitude. In this case
the equilibrium of the free liquid surface maintains its
geometry of being a plane z z 0. (40)
(42)
pm = (tkn + a2)(ckn - m2)J&,,)
%n
&m, = -A2mn - A (37)
Jm 4mn’
f- (y L
n=l
where
+$ gl (39)
524 H. F. Bauer. W. Eidel
(55)
84, 2 dW
~+;a+g=-“~. (49)
The integration constants are obtained from equation has been employed. Solving the inhomogeneous
(26-28). The results of the vanishing velocity at the system of algebraic equations (63), (58-60) yields
container bottom and the vanishing shear stress at the Aj,(R) as functions of the forcing frequency a, which
free liquid surface yields introduced into the velocities (54-56) and the pressure
(57) yields the response of the slipping viscous liquid.
+ 2~;,2A~~ +
1997. no 8
526 H. F. Bauer, W. Eidel
Expanding I1 (a i) an d T/ a into a Bessel-Fourier series The anchored edge condition < = 0 at r = a yields
and comparing the above equation (67) with the result
of the kinematic equation (65) and (64) yields with
with
(70) Expanding T/U and (r/u)” into Dini-series, i.e.
‘, = (& + a2)(& - l)J&n)
the equations +-g
n=l (& - :)Jl(ai,,)li ( eln: >
and
($3= ~AJ+d)
+
L-
a~“(~)4Jl(~~~~)dr=~,fInJ%(iln)2Ji(~~~)]
and
- 2 fl: ~~n(&n. + &n)Jl (d) i (72)
n=l
i”~J~(~~~~)J~(~~~~)dr
p = +1nJ2(4 - 2J,(%)]
n
(& - l>J&> ’
(73)
Pitching oscillations may be obtained in a similar way.
Aerospace Science and Technology
Oscillations of a Viscous Liquid in a Cylindrical Container/
Schwingungen einev viskosen Fliissigkeit im zylindrischen Behllter 527
with
(IIL
t
m= 1 \
1 m = 2
n = 2 \
\ I n =
I (T*= i !
I 1000 (T*=
‘\ ‘, 1000
0000 ‘\ ‘, j = 0000
‘\ ‘1
.\ \\
.\ ‘\
-2oc 1. ‘\ ‘\
‘\’ 8..
*‘;‘.
.‘--
..I-- -:=y---- -.-.=T=T=T=T=:
.--mm__
-.-._,
-I
.l .2 .3 .4 .5 -3O(
.2 .4 .6 .6
h/a
h/a
Fig. 2. - Asymmetric complex frequency for the modes m = 1 and Fig. 3. - Asymmetric complex frequency for the modes m = 2 and
n = 1, 2 (for slipping contact line). 71 = 1 (for slipping contact line).
Oscillations of a Viscous Liquid in a Cylindrical Container/
Schwingungen einer viskosen Fliissigkeit irn zylindvischen Behiilter 529
-
anchored contact Line anchored contact line
ReS -
Im S -----.
1
‘, -.-.-
WO
\
\
i
\ m=2
m=l \
i \
\ n = 1
n = 1 \
\ ‘\, \ u*=
(J*= 1000 \ ‘\ 1000
‘\ ‘\
‘1 ‘, ‘\ ‘\ 5 = 10000
j = 10000 ‘\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
-. ‘\
‘\ ‘\
*_ *.
-. *.
-. =..
-.., -s
--__
-_ -.__ ---__
-.-._,
-
-250 #1 .2 .3 .4 .5
I .2 .4 .6 .6 1 .O .”
h/a h/a
a% x 10’
9000 IT- C I
slipping liquid sllpplng contact l.lnc
-1
8000 1. m=l
i
n = 1 ‘1 I
-7
.I I ReS -
‘\ I
I1 ----_.
‘1 IL Im S
-6 ‘\ L -.-._
‘\ I
I
WO
8000 I- oscillatory ‘\ L
.\‘\ \
I
m=l
‘\ /- \\\ n = 1
-10 ‘\.\ I \ \\ u*= 3.635.10’
.\ \\ j = 1.226*10’2
\
4000
-14
2000
-18
. aperloc
x 10’
o- 0
anchored Llquld i anchored contact Line
I
-2
m=l
n = 1
80' O- ReS -
, -----.
‘\ Im S
-6 -.-.-
0sclLLatory
m= 1
601 0. .\ n=l
-10 ‘\
‘\ u*= 3.635-10’
‘\ \\
‘\ \ ij = 1.226.1012
\ ‘\
.\ ‘\
3. ‘\ ‘\
-14 ‘\ ‘\
.\ ‘\
.\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
‘\ ‘\
-\ ‘.
.\ ‘\
‘\ ‘.
3- ‘\ ‘\
-18 ‘\
.-. ‘.
‘. \
‘.
.\.
C
-22
3- .OI .002 .004 .006 a008 .O 0
.O .4
h/a
h/a
Fig. 7. - Complex frequency for water in container of diameter
Fig. 6. - Motion identification chart. 2a = lm.
h/o = 0.5
u* = 1000
ReS - s = 10000
Im S -----. 4- r/a = 1
-.-.-
m = 1
n = 1
\ 2-
\
\\ LT*= 19.03
\\ $ = 8.958.105
\ \\
.\ '\
.\ '\
'\ '\
.\ '\
.\ '\ 0 200 400 600 800
^
10
9.
'\ '\
.\ '\
-\ '\
.\ '\
'\ '\
.. '\
'_ '\ sLipping
'_ '\ contact Line
'.
*. . '\\
.
'.
s = 100000
.lO .15 r/a = 1
h/a
;
‘,
‘,
ReS -
01 0 1000 2000
_ 3t
0. 0
h/a
was chosen to be one meter (2~ = 1 m), the kinematic
viscosity u = IcSt, the mass density Q = lo3 kg/m3
Fig. 8. - Complex frequency for glycerine in container of diameter
and the surface tension CJ= 0.0727 N/m. It may be
20, = lm. noticed that the range of aperiodic motion for slipping
contact line is between 0 5 h/u < 0.0032, i.e. for
1997, Ilo 8
H. F. Bauer, W. Eidel