The Endocrine System

Karla Contreras, Xochitil Reynaga, Jazmin Hernandez

Its function and organs in the system
Function:
The Endocrine System is a variety of glands that
produce hormones that regulate the body's
metabolism, growth and development, tissue
function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and
mood. These glands are for the use of selecting and
removing materials from the blood to process and
produce the finished product and this is done by
having hormones released into the bloodstream but
only cells with receptors similar to that cell will be
affected. Hormones impact a cell's activity by
entering it's membrane and making chemical
signals. Some of the chemicals can control the
process of cell division, cell death, and sexual
development.
Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland and Pituitary Gland
● Located in the lower central part of the brain
● Regulates satiety, metabolism, and body
temperature
● Secretes hormones that stimulate or suppresses
the release of hormones in the pituitary gland

○ Many of which are releasing hormones

that are secreted into an artery
● Secretes a hormone called Somatostatin:
causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of
growth hormone

● Located in the middle of the brain
● Secretes a hormone called melatonin that may
help regulate the wake-sleep cycle of the body
● Located at the base of the brain beneath the
hypothalamus
● Often considered the most important part of the system
because it produces hormones that control many
functions of other endocrine glands
● If it does not produce one or more/enough of its
hormones it is called hypopituitarism
● Divided into the Anterior Lobe and the Posterior Lobe
● Anterior Lobe produces: Growth hormones,
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormones, Adrenocorticotropin
Hormones, Luteinizing Hormone & Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone, and Prolactin
● Posterior Lobe produces: Antidiuretic Hormone and
Oxytocin
Thyroid and Parathyroids
Thyroid:

● Located in the lower front part of the neck

● Produces thyroid hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism
● Plays a role in bone growth & development of the brain and nervous system in children
● Helps maintain:
○ Normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, reproductive functions
● The release of thyroid hormones is controlled by the pituitary gland

Parathyroid:

● Two pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, one pair on each side
● Release parathyroid hormone, plays a role in regulating calcium levels in blood and bone metabolism
Thymus
A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of
vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune
system. The human thymus becomes much smaller
at the approach of puberty.
● The thymus tissue is distinguishable into an
outer zone, the cortex, and an inner zone, the
medulla.
● The organ is composed principally of two
types of cells, called, respectively,
lymphocytes and reticular cells
● located behind your sternum and between
your lungs
● Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus
● training and development of T-lymphocytes
or T cells
Adrenal Gland and Kidney Small glands located on top of each kidney

● produce hormones that help the body control

blood sugar, burn protein and fat, react to
stressors like a major illness or injury, and
regulate blood pressure.
● most important adrenal hormones are cortisol
and aldosterone.

To remove excess fluid and waste products from

the body

● located just below the rib cage,

● kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood
to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine,
composed of wastes and extra fluid.
Pancreas
● Elongated organ located toward the back of
the abdomen behind the stomach
● Has digestive and hormonal functions
● The exocrine pancreas produces digestive
enzymes
● The endocrine pancreas produces insulin and
glucagon
● Those hormones regulate the level of glucose
in the blood
Ovary and Testes
● Main source of sex hormones
● Ovaries are in the female
● Testes are in the males

Ovaries

● Located on both sides of the uterus

● Produce estrogen, progesterone. And eggs
● The hormones control the development of female
characteristics and are involved in reproductive
functions

Testes

● Located in the scrotum

● Secrete hormones called androgens most
importantly testosterone
● Affect many characteristics and sperm production
Linked System
Although they work in different ways and transmit their signals
differently from one place to another they overlap and work
together when it comes to homeostasis.

The nervous system and the endocrine system are linked through
the hypothalamus, which is located in the center of the brain. The
hypothalamus uses the nervous system to control breathing while
drinking/eating, physical activity, and digestion. Hypothalamus is
also essential to the endocrine system because the pituitary glands
are important for hormonal messaging.
Disease in the endocrine system: Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer happens when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and build a tumor on the thyroid. The types of thyroid
cancer are, with the most common being papillary (grow slowly and can be cured), follicular (grows slowly and can be
treated with success), medullary (slowly grows and easy to control before it spreads to other body parts), and the least
common anaplastic (grows/spreads rapidly and difficult to control).

CAUSE - Experts have yet to find an exact cause for cancer in the thyroid but it is similar to other types of cancer in which a
change in DNA occurs as you get older.

SYMPTOMS - Some symptoms of thyroid cancer include:

● swelling/lump on neck
● neck or (sometimes) ear pain
● having difficulty with swallowing or breathing
● constant wheezing
● hoarseness or cough that are not related to a cold
Disease in the endocrine system (continued…)
Effect - While most types of cancer take a while to be identified and when they are it is very developed, thyroid cancer is
usually found before the cancer has a chance to fully develop. When a person is treated for thyroid cancer they often do
very well but after many years of treatment there is a chance that the cancer may come back.

TREATMENT - Before it is treated a doctor must first conduct a biopsy to determine the type of thyroid cancer it is. Staging
is also essential for the doctor to decide what kind of treatment will be conducted if the cancer is still in its early stages
REVIEW TIME!!!! : KAHOOT
https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/7f1ecf67-3c13-4137-b5f7-22a086cdb
ef1