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class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 1 of 7

6. SETTLING CHAMBER
- Low efficiency, removes particles > 100 µm
- Use as 1st APC device to reduce load on 2nd APC device
- Low pressure drop → low operating cost
- Simple to design and build → low capital cost

6.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLE

Assume, Vx, p = Vg particles move with gas


Vy, p = Vt particle has quickly reached terminal velocity
class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 2 of 7

L HW L V
Residence Time in chamber = θ = = =
V g HW V g Q

If particle is completely removed, trajectory follows “a”


H L HWL
θ = = =
Vt V g Q
H H Q Q
Vt = θ = HWL = WL = A
( ) p1
Q

6.2 CHAMBER DESIGN (Given Q and size of particle to be


removed 100%)
i) determine Vt of particle to be removed 100%
Q
ii) calculate Ap1 = V
t

Ap1
iii) guess L → calculate W =
L
Vt HWL V
iv) calculate H = V L = HWV Vt = Q Vt
g g

Max 3 m/s preferably 1.0 m/s


v) round-up dimensions and recalculate dp,min
Q
Vt,min = A
p1 t

3 t , min Dρf
2 '
V C
dp,min =
4 g (ρg − ρf )
class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 3 of 7

6.3 GRADE EFFICIENCY


• All particles > dp,min removed 100%
• What about particles < dp,min ?
L

Chamber
Entrance b h

H
a
b
h

• Trajectory of particles removed 100% = “a”


∆y H
Slope of the line = ∆x = L

h
• Slope of the line for particle with trajectory “b” = L

• Assume particles are evenly distributed at chamber entrance


o Particles with trajectory “a” is removed no matter
where it starts
o Particles with trajectory “b” is removed if it starts at a
height lower than h
o Therefore the fraction of particles of trajectory “b” that
h
is removed is
H
class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 4 of 7

Vt,b
h L H L
θ = = = h = V
Vt , b Vg Vt ,a g

h Vt ,b
∴ Fraction removed = =
H Vt ,a
Vt , b
L
h Vg Vt ,b L Vt ,b A pl
or = = =
H H Vg H Q
Sample Problem
Design a settling chamber to remove all sawdust particles larger
than 150µm (aero-dynamic dia) in a 1000 cfm air stream where the
air temperature and pressure are 25oC and 1 atm respectively.
Determine the collection efficiency for each particle size range. If
the inlet concentration is 5 grains/ft3, find concentration in the
exhaust gas stream. The density of sawdust is 0.350 kg/L.
Ma Terminal
Grade
ss Velocity Grade
dp Remov
US Fra dp,top dp,bot. (m/s) Rem.
(µ al
Sieve ctio (µm) (µm) Eff.
m) Iterati Stok ηi mi
n, ηi (%)
ve es (%)
Mi
18/25 2 1000 700 850 1.61 7.46 100 200
25/35 4 700 500 600 1.08 3.72 100 400
35/45 8 500 350 425 0.73 1.87 100 800
45/60 16 350 250 300 0.49 0.93 100 1600
60/80 32 250 175 212 0.33 0.46 72 2300
80/120 14 175 125 150 0.22 0.23 47 658
120/170 10 125 90 108 0.121 0.12 26 260
170/230 8 90 63 77 0.062 0.061 13 104
0.010
Pan 6 63 0 32 0.0106
6
2.2 13
class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 5 of 7

Size of particle to be removed 100%


da, min = 150 µm ;
dP,a = dP SG

1 1
dP = dP,a SG = (150 µm) 0.350 = 254 µm

Settling velocity calculation, use either 150 µm, 1000 kg/m3 or 254
µm, 350 kg/m3
Calculate correction factor needed for settling velocity
µ µ = 0.04485 lbm/hr.ft
λ = 8MW = 1.85 × 10-5 kg/m.s
0.499 P
πRT
1.85 × 10 −5 kg / m.s
= 8( 29kg / kgmole) = 6.7 × 10-8
0.499(101325Pa )
Pa.m 3
π (8314 )( 298K )
kgmoleK

Next largest after 254 µm


λ dp
C300 = 1+ 2.0 d [ 1.257 +0.40 exp (-0.55 )]
p λ

6.70 × 10 −8 300 × 10 −6
= 1+ 2.0 [ 1.257+0.40 exp (-0.55 )]
300 × 10 −6 6.70 × 10 −8
= 1.00056 ≅ 1.00
Smallest size
−6
6.70 × 10 −8 32 × 10
C32 = 1+ 2.0 [ 1.257+0.40 exp (-0.55 )]
32 × 10 −6 6.70 × 10 −8
= 1.0053 ≅ 1.00

Thus: C≅ 1 for all sizes


class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 6 of 7

Determine Vt of particle to be removed 100% (150 µm)


First iteration
Fig. 3.8 Vt = 50 cm/s = 0.50 m/s;
At 770C: ρair = 0.0738 lbm/ft3 = 1.18 kg/m3
ρ f Vd p (1.18kg / m 3 )(0.50m / s )(150 × 10 −6 m)
Re = = = 4.78
µ 1.85 × 10 −5 kg / m.s


CD 1.85 1.85
Cd = ≅ CD = = = 7.23
C Re 0.6 ( 4.78) 0.6

4 g (ρg − ρf )d p
Vt =
3 C 'Dρf
4 (9.81m / s 2 )(1000 − 1.18kg / m 3 )(150 × 10 −6 m)
=
3 (7.23)(1.18kg / m 3 )
= 0.479 m/s
Finally, Vt = 0.473 m/s
Q
Vt =
Ap1

1 1
Q = (1000 ft3/min)( m 3 / ft 3 )( min/ sec )
35.31 60
= 0.472 m3/s
Q 0.472m 3 / s
Ap1 =V = 3 = 0.998 m2
t 0.473m / s
Size the chamber: L = 2.0 m, W = 0.50 m
V 0.473m / s
t
H= V L = 2.0m = 0.946 m ≅ 1.0 m
g 1 .0 m / s
2.0 m
0.5 m
class-notes-ch6_20050124, Page 7 of 7

Calculate Vt for each particle size (i): Stokes law


Iterative method
η = 100% for dp > 254 µm, for smaller particles:

Stokes Law, for each dP


g ( ρ g − ρ f )d p2 9.81( m / s 2 )(350 − 1.18)d p2
Vt = 18µ = 18(1.85 × 10 ) −5 = 1.028×107 d2p

Put in the table.


Vt,i L Vt ,i LW A p1
Removal Efficiency = V H = = Vt ,i
g Vg HW Q
( 2.0m )(0.5m )
= V
0.472m 3 / s t ,i
= 2.12 Vt ,i (fraction) = 212 Vt ,i (%)
Put in the table.
Overall efficiency

η0 =
∑mη i i
=
6335
= 0.6335 ≅ 63.4%
∑m i 100
(5 grains/ft3 )(1000 ft 3 /min)
min = = 0.714lbm / min
7000(grains / lbm)
mout = (1-η0) min
= (1-0.634)(0.714 lbm/min)
= 0.261 lbm/min
m out 0.261(lbm / min)
Cout = = 3
7000( gr / lbm) = 1.83 grain/ft3
Qout 1000( ft / min)

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