Sodium-Sulfur (ＮＡＳ )

® Ｂａｔｔｅｒｙ
NAS Battery Applications

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute
(ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the March 2018
governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their
use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. NAS, the NAS logo are trademarks of ©
NGK
2014INSULATORS,LTD., registered
NGK Insulators, Ltd. All in the U.S.
rights reserved
Outline of NGK Insulators, Ltd.

Date of Establishment May 5, 1919

Sales Turnover US$ 4 Billion
Number of Employees 17,517 (consolidated)

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 2

Structure of NAS Containerized Battery System
+ terminal - terminal
Battery Cells Sand Thermal Insulated
Lid
Fuse
- Pole（Sodium） Thermal
Safety Tube Insulated
Solid Electrolyte Enclosure
(Beta alumina)
+ Pole（Sulfur） Fan & Duct
Main Pole Heater

Battery Cell Battery Module

6 NAS Battery Modules Containerized
NAS Battery Units

PCS
Container

Controller
Containerized Battery Battery System
200kW (1,200kWh) 800kW (4,800kWh)
© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 3
Structure of NAS Battery Cell
■Special thin Ceramic Electrolyte realizes ultimate energy density.
(Most space is utilized for Sodium and Sulfur)

Fully Charged Discharged 伝導面

Na+ conduction
Mg
(Shipping Condition) layer
Na Na+ void
Na+ conduction
Sodium - + - +
伝導面
layer ｽﾋﾟﾈﾙ
(Na) ﾌﾞﾛｯｸ
伝導面
Na+ conduction
Discharge layer

Al O
Na+ conduction layer
Sodium
(Na) Beta Alumina
Ceramic
Charge

Sulfur Ceramic Ceramic

Na2Sx
(S) tube tube

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 4

Features of NAS Battery Energy Storage
■Proven energy storage technology for high power, large energy capacity.
■Fully commercially available technology （large manufacturing capacity）
■Uses only common materials （Sodium and Sulfur, No rare materials used）

RELIABILITY &
LONG DURATION COMPACT FAST RESPONCE MAINTENANCE
SAFETY

Operational ambient
Cycle Life : 4500 full discharge Temperature -20C to 55C
Calendar Life : 15 years
Round Trip Efficiency : 75-80%

Easy Installation with containerized system

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 5
 Comparison of Battery Technology
■ ＮＡＳ battery is the most experienced and economical Energy Type Battery.
（Target cost of battery in 2020 is below ＄２００/ｋＷｈ equal to pumped hydro supported by METI）
１０万
System size
100

［ＭＷ］
ＮＡＳ
１０
10

Discharge ６ hｒ or more
Redox Flow
１1 System Size ～hundreds of ＭＷ
Ｌｅａｄ Ｌｉ-ｉｏｎ
０.１
0.1
Ａｃｉｄ Supply Record ５３０ＭＷ/３７００ＭＷｈ
Overseas: １７０ＭＷ
-2 Domestic: ３６０ＭＷ
１×１０
0.01

１×１０ -3
0.001

０ ２ ４ ６ ８
0 2 4 6 8

Duration ［ｈｒ］
Power Type
Energy Type
© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 6
NAS Battery Applications Throughout the Grid

Ｐｏｗｅｒ Ｐｌａｎｔ

Ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ Hydro Ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ Ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ Ｓuｂｓｔａｔｉｏｎ

Peak Cut &Shift, Storage Storage Peak Cut &Shift

・Investment deferral ・Investment deferral ・Investment deferral
・Reduction of fossil fuel cost

Ｒｅｎｅｗａｂｌｅ （Ｗｉｎｄ,Ｓｏｌａｒ） Ｍｉｃｒｏ Ｇｒｉｄ

Ｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ
Storage Peak Cut & Shift
・Stabilization of ・Utilization of existing assets Peak Cut & Shift
intermittent power (generation and distribution) ・Reduction of electric
Emergency Power Supply bill payment
Emergency Power Supply

© 2014 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 7

NAS Battery Stabilizes Intermittent Wind Power
■ Huge introduction of intermittent wind power causes imbalance of supply and
demand for 24h, which needs more balancing generator.
■ NAS battery makes the wind power stable & schedulable, more environmental
friendly by load following and energy shift.

NAS Energy Storage System

３４ＭＷ/２２４ＭＷｈ (Operation started from 2008)

２ＭＷ per battery unit

× 17 battery units

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 8

NAS Battery Relieves Transmission “Bottleneck”

■ NAS stabilizes power transmission between the southern area rich in

renewable energy and the northern area of electricity load centers.
■ NAS allows investment for new transmission power line to be deferred.

NAS for transmission line in Italy,

total 35MW/250MWh at 3 substations,
Ｍｉｌａｎ
started operation in 2015.
Area of
eｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙ Transmission
load centers “bottleneck”
Ｒｏｍｅ

NAS
Ｎａｐｌｅｓ
installations

Ａｒｅａ ｏｆ
ｉｎｃｒｅａｓed rｅｎｅｗａｂｌｅ
ｅｎｅｒｇｙ generation

© 2014 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 9

NAS Battery Stabilizes and Shift Solar Power
1.5MW NAS Battery for 5 MW Solar PV
Financed by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)
Project Size: 5MW PV
Solar Panel:
5MW
NAS Battery: 1.5MW NAS battery
1.5MW
(about 1/3 for PV)

Most Typical

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 10

 NAS Battery Solves Over-Generation of PV
in Main Grid
■ Huge Introduction of PV causes serious influences on system frequency.
■ Imbalance of the supply and demand may lead to a large scale blackout.
■ NAS improves the supply-demand balance of the power system by energy shift.

■Improving Demand-and-Supply balance of solar

generation using large capacity energy storage (Image)

■NAS Battery Energy System

Output Power ５０ＭＷ
Energy Capacity ３００ＭＷｈ 100m
Start of Operation: March 3, 2016
Location: Buzen city, Fukuoka pref. Store excess electricity Discharge
from daytime. during nighttime

Kyushu Electric Power

Buzen Power Station Solar
generation Charge
Demand
Discharge

Non-Solar Generation
© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 11
Frequency Control at Miyako Island
■ NAS® stabilize frequency in remote island.
■ NAS® also shift energy and absorbs surplus of PV output during daytime.

NAS ® Operation Diesel ４０ＭＷ，Gas T １５ＭＷ

Wind１．８ＭＷ
Frequency is stabilized

Diesel ２１.５ＭＷ

Frequency fluctuates Wind ９００ｋＷ

http://www.okiden.co.jp/environment/report2014/sec7/sec74.htm
PV４ＭＷ
ＮＡＳ
Size of Miyakojima 159 kｍ2 ４ＭＷ（２８．８ＭＷh）
Location 290 km Southwest from
Okinawa(Naha)
Population 52,000people

© 2014 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 12

 Maximization of RE Installation in Oki islands
■ Hybrid system of 4.2MW NAS® and 2MW LiB enables to install additional 8MW
of renewable energy. Because it absorbs long and small fluctuation caused
by solar and wind power.

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 13

 Grid-Scaled Load Leveling (Abu Dhabi in UAE)
■ NAS® Battery （６５０ＭＷｈ/１０８ＭＷ） at distribution sub-station (4～40MW/site)
act as grid-scaled demand management connected with Centralized Integrated
System Controller （CISC） supplied by NGK.
■ Customer（ADWEA） received “ Emirates Energy Award ２０１５ ”
Abu Dhabi Island Total ４８ＭＷ
E14（4MW）

Sira Sub-station
（20MW） W59（8MW）
E25（8MW）

Musaffah Sub-station
Saudi Border （40MW） GIC（4MW×3sites）
Emirates Energy Award 2015
CISC
MOSG（4MW）

Wathba （12MW）

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 14

 NAS Battery Supports Evening Peak Demand
■ Supporting evening peak demand and stabilizing the grid can be achieved by
suitable sized energy type
Flat Target ： 7.9[MW]
battery under all the weather conditions.
Discharge during load peak ： 5.7[MW]
（ １/３ Power against PV
Utilization Rate ： 72.8[%]Finalnominal,
SOC ： 0[%] x ５～６hrs. Energy capacity ）
PV NAS PV+NAS

25 ［Simulated based on typical weather condition in an Indian island］

Annually average
20

15
Power
（１）Typical Sunny days
PV Support
10
evening peak
5 NAS+PV Energy Shift
D
0
C NAS Discharge D
-5
C
-10
NAS Charge
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Time
Flat Target ： 3.3[MW] Discharge during load peak ： 5[MW]

（３）Typical Rainy days

Utilization Rate ： 59[%]
PV NAS
Final SOC ： 0[%]
PV+NAS
（２）Typical Cloudy days
25

20
Smoothing
15 ＆ Energy Shift
10 Energy Shift
5

0
D D
-5
C C
-10
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

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Efficiency Improvement of DG

With Energy Type Battery, Fuel Consumption of DG

will be dramatically reduced by optimal DG operation.
(Reduction rate: e.g., ▲17% in case of below)

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 16

Flat Generation Control (simulated example)
[Cloudy Day] PV: 30MW-dc with NAS Battery: 10.2MW (Capacity: 5.4Hrs.)

Actual Load Actual Load

Fluctuated PV
Flat Generation

Battery Power

Charge
Discharge
Generation by Generators
・Whole Day: 632 MWh/day (Δ 104 MWh)
・Evening Peak: 170 MWh/day (Δ 51 MWh)

DG [Actual Load Consumption]

Generation ・Whole Day: 736 MWh/day
・Evening Peak: 221 MWh/day (17:00 ~ 23:00)
© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 17
Integration of Various Functions for Smart Grid
1：Stabilizing Intermittent Renewable Energy
Smart Grid
Vital role for Smart Grid
to stabilize all generation
and grid system

:Charge ：Discharge

2：Substation Application

Photovoltaic

Minimizing fuel consumption

and CO2 Emission
3：Ancillary Service

Response:10 seconds to 100%

Output : Up to 200MW © 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 18
 NAS電池マルチユース
Multi-use スキーム
Scheme of NAS Battery in Japan
Demand Response or Virtual Power Plant Scheme is developing in Japan
Primary
Substation
Renewable Contractor
Needs
Rapid Avoid Curtailment
Transmission
T&D Utility Control Flow
Increase
Line (66kV)
Control Power
Aggregator
Spinning Reserve
Imbalance Evasion

Retail dealer Electricity

Procurement Cost
Investment Deferral Reduction

Special HV Distribution Line

HV Customer (6.6kV）
Customer Distribution
Substation Rapid
Increase
Reduction of Electric
Household Battery EV,PHV hot-water supply
1～2MW Electricity Charge 0.2~1MW
（Peak Shave）
Now, total 26.5MW NAS
Batteries are in actual - Emergency Power Supply
evaluation. - Business Continuity Plan
© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 19
 Conclusion

■ NAS battery can provide effective solutions to any issues due to huge
introduction of renewable energy on transmission & distribution grids.

Power Frequency Load Voltage Congestion Supply Energy

Quality Regulation Following Support Relief Capacity shift
NAS Battery Solves
・ Shortage of Energy during Night in islands
・ Over-generation of PV
Power Type ・ Imbalance of Wind Power

Energy Type （ＮＡＳ）

Recommendations:
1) Recognizing battery for grid application as an essential infrastructure for realizing
introduction of further renewable energy and setting up a scheme to share the
cost by people having the benefit.
2) Establishing regulation for grid operator to own battery.

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 20

Thank you for your time !

END

© 2017 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 21