Solucion:
′ ′
−𝑉̅𝑝 + 𝐼𝑠̅ (𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎
̅ + 𝑍̅𝐿 ) = 0
′ 𝑉̅𝑝
𝐼𝑠̅ = ′
̅
𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 + 𝑍̅𝐿
′ ′ ′
𝑉̅𝑠 = 𝐼𝑠̅ 𝑍𝐿̅
′
′ 𝑉̅𝑝 𝑍𝐿̅ (7967𝑉∠0°)(34.8)2 (3.2 + 𝑗1.5 Ω)
𝑉̅𝑠 = ′ = = 7600∠ − 3°𝑉
̅
𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 + 𝑍𝐿̅ 80 + 𝑗300 + (34.8)2 (3.2 + 𝑗1.5 Ω)
′ ′
𝑉̅𝑠 𝑉̅𝑝 𝑍𝐿̅ 𝑎𝑉̅𝑝 𝑍𝐿̅ (34.8)(7967𝑉∠0°)(3.2 + 𝑗1.5 Ω)
𝑉̅𝑠 = = ′ = ̅ =
𝑎 ̅
𝑎(𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 + 𝑍̅𝐿 ) 𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎 + 𝑎2 𝑍𝐿̅ 80 + 𝑗300 + (34.8)2 (3.2 + 𝑗1.5 Ω)
∴ 𝑉̅𝑠 = 218.5∠ − 3°
′
|𝑉̅𝑝 | − |𝑉̅𝑠 | 7967𝑉 − 7600𝑉
𝑉𝑅 = ′ ∙ 100% = ∙ 100% = 4.8%
|𝑉̅𝑠 | 7600𝑉
b) 𝑍̅𝐿 = −𝑗3.5
′ (7967𝑉∠0°)(34.8)2 (−𝑗3.5 Ω)
𝑉̅𝑠 = = 8572.72∠ − 1.2° 𝑉
80 + 𝑗300 + (34.8)2 (−𝑗3.5 Ω)
′
𝑉̅𝑠 8572.72∠ − 1.2° 𝑉
𝑉̅𝑠 = = = 246.5∠ − 1.2° 𝑉
𝑎 34.8
′
|𝑉̅𝑝 | − |𝑉̅𝑠 | 7967𝑉 − 8572.72𝑉
𝑉𝑅 = ′ ∙ 100% = ∙ 100% = −7.07%
|𝑉̅𝑠 | 8572.72𝑉
EJERCICIO 2.7
230
𝑆 = 5000 𝐾𝑉𝐴; 𝑎 = ; 𝑅 = 0.01 pu ; 𝑋𝑒𝑞 = 0.05 pu
13.8 𝑒𝑞
En circuito abierto:
𝐼𝑂𝐶 𝑃𝑂𝐶
̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
𝑌𝐸 = |𝑌 𝐸 |∠ − 𝜃 = ∠ − (cos−1 ( ))
𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝐼𝑂𝐶
15.1 𝐴 44.9𝐾𝑊
̅̅̅
𝑌𝐸 = ∠ − (cos −1 ( ))
13.8𝐾𝑉 (13.8𝐾𝑉)(15.1 𝐴)
̅̅̅
𝑌𝐸 = 0.000236 − 𝑗0.001069
1
= 0.000236 ⟹ 𝑅𝐶 = 4241,43Ω
𝑅𝐶
1
= 0.001069 ⟹ 𝑋𝑀 = 935.9Ω
𝑋𝑀
(𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 )2 (13.8𝐾𝑉)2
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = = = 38.09 Ω
𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (5000 𝐾𝑉𝐴)
𝑍𝑒𝑞
𝑍𝑝𝑢 = ⟹ 𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 𝑍𝑝𝑢 ∙ 𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 4000𝐾𝑊
𝐼𝑠 = = = 362.3 𝐴
𝑉𝑠 𝐹𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 (13.8𝐾𝑉)(0.8)
′
𝑉̅𝑝 = 𝑉̅𝑠 + 𝐼𝑠̅ 𝑍𝑒𝑞
̅ = 13800∠0° + (362.3 𝐴 ∠ − 36.87°)(0.38 + 𝑗1.9)
′
𝑉̅𝑝 = 14330.8∠1.87°𝑉
′
|𝑉̅𝑝 | − |𝑉̅𝑠 | 14330.8𝑉 − 13800𝑉
𝑉𝑅 = ∙ 100% = ∙ 100% = 3.85%
|𝑉̅𝑠 | 13800𝑉
2
(𝑉𝑝 ′ ) (14330.8𝑉)2
𝑃𝑛ú𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑜 = = = 48420.5𝑊
𝑅𝑐 4241,43Ω
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝜂= = ∙ 100%
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 + 𝑃𝑛ú𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑜
4000𝐾𝑊
𝜂= ∙ 100% = 97.6%
4000𝐾𝑊 + 50𝐾𝑊 + 48420.5𝑊
8.4. Una máquina dc tiene ocho polos y corriente nominal de 120 A. ¿ Cuánta
corriente fluirá en cada trayectoria en condiciones nominales si el inducido es a) de
devanado imbricado simple, b) de devanado imbrincado dúplex, c) de devando
ondulado simple?
Solución:
a) Para el devanado imbrincado simple:
Solución:
𝑎 = 𝑚𝑃 = (1)(20) = 20 trayectorias
𝑎 = 2𝑚 = 2(2) = 4 trayectorias
𝑎 = 𝑚𝑃 = (3)(20) = 60 trayectorias
𝑎 = 2𝑚 = 2(4) = 8 trayectorias