San Martin de Porres University

Faculty of Human Medicine

RESPIRATORY SISTEM

STUDENTS:

 Bustamante Vasquez Alexis

 Escarate Guerrero Alexander
 Huaman Zevallos Andres
 Vallejos Sanchez Jaqueline Gasely
 Yllescas Camila
RESPIRATORY SISTEM

The human respiratory system is a series of

organs responsible for taking in oxygen and
expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs
of the respiratory system are lungs, which carry
out this exchange of gases as we breathe.

Red blood cells collect the oxygen from the

lungs and carry it to the parts of the body where it
is needs. During the process, the red blood cells collect the carbon dioxide and
transport it back to the lungs, where it leaves the body when we exhale.

The human body needs oxygen to sustain itself. A decrease in oxygen is known
as hypoxia and a complete lack of oxygen is known as anoxia. These conditions
can be fatal; after about four minutes without oxygen, brain cells begin dying,
which can lead to brain damage and ultimately death.

A new-born’s normal breathing rate is about 40 times each minute and may slow
to 20 to 40 times per minute when the baby is sleeping. For adults, the average
resting respiratory rate for adults is 12 to 16 breaths per minute. Physical exertion
also has an effect on respiratory rate, and healthy adults can average 45 breaths
per minute during strenuous exercise.

Functions of the Respiratory System

 Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary Ventilation

In pulmonary ventilation, air is inhaled through the nasal and oral cavities (the
nose and mouth). It moves through the pharynx, larynx, and trachea into the
lungs. Then air is exhaled, flowing back through the same pathway.

During normal inhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

contract and the ribcage elevates. As the volume of the lungs increases, air
pressure drops and air rushes in.

During normal exhalation, the muscles relax. The lungs become smaller, the air
pressure rises, and air is expelled.
  External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the
Bloodstream

Inside the lungs, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste through the
process called external respiration. This respiratory process takes place through
hundreds of millions of microscopic sacs called alveoli.

 Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and

Body Tissues

The bloodstream delivers oxygen to cells and removes waste carbon dioxide
through internal respiration.

Parts of the respiratory system

 The nostrils:

Nostrils are involved in air intake, they bring air into the nose, where air is warmed
and humidified. The tiny hairs called cilia filters out dust and other particles
present in the air and protects the nasal passage and other regions of the
respiratory tract.

 Trachea
The trachea is also known as windpipe. The trachea filters the air we inhale and
branches into the bronchi.

 Bronchi:

The bronchi are the two air tubes that branch off of from the trachea and carry
atmospheric air directly into the lungs.

 Lungs:

The main organ of the respiratory system is lungs. Lungs are the site in body
where oxygen is taken into and carbon dioxide is expelled out. The red blood
cells present in the blood picks up the oxygen in the lungs and carry and distribute
the oxygen to all body cells that need it. The red blood cells donate the oxygen
to the cells and picks up the carbon dioxide produced by the cells.

 Alveolus:

Alveolus is the tiny sac like structure present in the lungs which the gaseous
exchange takes place.

 Diaphragm:

Breathing begins with a dome-shaped muscle located at the bottom of the lungs
which is known as diaphragm. When we breathe in the diaphragm contracts and
flatten out and pull downward. Due to this movement the space in the lungs
increases and pulls air into the lungs. When we breathe out, the diaphragm
expands and reduces the amount of space for the lungs and forces air out.