 CROPS 

Carnation
cultivation guide
(2018)
 April 6, 2018  12 Min
Read

Carnations are great for cut owers Due to its

excellent keeping quality, a wide range varieties
selection, and Carnations can withstand long-
distance during transport qualities farmer attract
towards Carnation cultivation

They are speci cally demand for Valentine’s day,

Easter, Mother’s day and Christmas. India has the
excellent prospect of developing good quality
carnation. Places having cold climate such as
Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Kalimpong, Ooty, Kodaikanal,
Bangalore, Pune, Nasik, etc. are most appropriate
places for the production of Carnation cut owers.

Mostly Carnation is
exported into Europe.

Carnations crop grow in every climate. In temperate

zones mostly in glasshouses, in subtropical places,
in polyhouse and glasshouses.

Carnation varieties
1. Standard Carnation
varieties
The standard carnation has one big ower on a
single stem. It is cultivated for large-scale
production.

2. spray Carnations varieties

The spray carnation has many shorter branches
with more prominent blossom on every branch.

3. Micro Carnation varieties

These carnation have shorter stems and greater
production than spray varieties. Micro carnation is
used for as ornamental pot plants.

Soil requirement
for Carnation
Cultivation
Carnations cultivation could be a success in any
kind of soil, but the soil must be well drained. The
best EC during vegetative phase is 1.2 mS/cm. And
throughout the generative period is 1.5 to 1.7
mS/cm.

A rich sandy loam is ideal soil carnation. organic

matter or compost used to improve productivity

Disinfection of Soil
Before plantation of Carnation cultivation,
disinfection of land is needed.

The di erent Procedures of sterilization are :

1. Steam: Not possible for Indian

2. Solarization: Cover the ground with vinyl for 6 –

8 months. Sunrays will heat Up the dirt, which
will kill many parasites.

3. Chemical

Hydrogen Peroxide with silver

1. wet the beds with irrigation water.

2. Mix water with hydrogen peroxide at a rate of

35 ml per/lite.

3. Apply this solution evenly on soil beds. Use one

liter of mix solution ( Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) with silver + water) For the one-meter
area. After that in 4 to 6 hours the crop can be
planted.

Advantages of hydrogen peroxide with silver

1. Really simple and secure to use with no

hazardous e ect on human health.

2. A ordable.

3. Eco-friendly and doesn’t create any harmful

e ects on plants.
4. Plantation can be performed out 4 to 6 hours
following fumigation.

5. Destroys almost any fungal, viral and bacterial

existence in addition to larva and eggs of these
pests in the soil.

6. Stable in a broad assortment of temperature

and pH.

Climate
1) Temperature
Temperature is the Signi cant factor that a ects
the development And owering of carnation. The
perfect environment for carnation production
needs to have a cold but steady temperature, low
humidity and long days with high light intensity.

Finest grade carnations are made in areas having

high light intensity through winter and at the exact
same period, the temperatures during summer
months are mild.

In case of carnation growing, moderate

temperatures are favored. Infection at night is vital
for quality. The di erence between day and night
temperatures should be big enough and the night
temperatures low enough to raise carnations of
high quality.

High night and day temperatures, especially during

owering, contributes to abnormal blossom
opening and calyx splitting.

2) light
Carnations need high degrees to generate premium
quality owers. Carnations required minimum
21500 Lux natural light intensity for adequate
photosynthesis.

3) Humidity
In the rst phases of development and growth,
humidity should be kept around 80 to 85 percent.
Whereas at complete growth phase it must be 60 to
65 percent. The hot and humid climate isn’t
acceptable for carnation cultivation.

Greenhouse for
commercial carnation
cultivation
Criteria for selecting Greenhouse project site:

very good connectivity to nearest market

Electricity provision
 Availability of superior quality of water

labor availability

1. Adequate ventilation area is necessary on sides

and top.

2. To protect the plants in the rain at the

monsoons, without impacting the atmosphere
Circulation side drapes should be stored openly
at slanting position

3. To control light intensity white color shaded net

(50 percent) is utilized. Roughly 50,000 lux light
intensity is called for on the plant level.

4. Employ whitewash to east, west and west sides

of the greenhouse to shield plants from glowing
light intensity through the summer season.

Support Method
Great support substance is vital for the
achievement of this farming. The carnation crop
required 5 or 4 layers of service material.

If the carnation crop isn’t supported well enough,

then it is going to collapse. This will cause bent
stalks and stagnation of this harvest growth. For
support, the material is the metal cable, or plastic
rope is used.

The carnation crop grows on raised bed 20 to 25

cm this will improve better drainage capacity.

To make the more favorable growing condition for

carnation organic matter ( FYM) is added in bed with
the basal dose of NPK fertilizer.

Bed material
composition
Basal dose :
Neem cake (@1 kg/m2) should Be implemented
after fumigation, in the time of Bed prep as
preventative against nematodes.

Carnation cultivation

Checks the EC and pH of the soil after use of basal

dose and before the plantation. EC needs to be
1mS/cm.
buy a carnation plant from a renowned high-tech
nursery like KF Bioplants, Rise n’ Shine Biotech

Carnation plant approximate price is 10rs to 12rs,

for one acre 80,000 plant required.

Shallow planting is vital in tropical places. Place the

netting on the beds prior to planting. Ideal
requirements for planting- hot, humid and a quite
bright climate.

Important tips for reducing mortality in Carnation

1. Fumigation process is absolutely vital to stop

the intrusion of soil-borne diseases.

2. The added FYM in bed must be entirely

decomposed.

3. Don’t o er any high showering. Practice just

surface watering and prevent splashing water
on foliage. If overhead irrigation is essential, do
it early in the morning if plants will dry fast.

4. Never shut the side curtains in day

5. Adhere to the 21-day program which basically

contains preventative fungicides and
insecticides, along with the compounds that
improve the main growth and establishment of
 this plant.

6. Don’t postpone the operation. Carry out

pinching after two weeks on the 5th foliage set.

Pinching in Carnation

Pinching is a signi cant cultural performance at the

successful creation of excellent quality carnations.
After planting, the pinching has been developing a
major stem.

If abandoned unpinched, this most important stem

generates a “Crown blossom.”

Pinching is a signi cant function in Carnation which

entails removal of their bud-head of the main stem
from an early phase. This permits the side shoots
to grow. These shoots make the initial ush.

Pinching process means breaking the crop head.

The ideal time for pinching is in the morning
because the head of carnation plant easily breaks

The pinching process starts three months after

planting. Immediately after pinching it’s very good
to generate a spray therapy with Captaf or Bavistin
(1.5gm/lit).

Disbudding in Carnation
The practice of removing undesirable immature
ower buds to maximum food for the plant
development.

for spray carnation variety central terminal bud

removed and for standard carnation variety side
bud removed

Nets handling
It’s extremely important to raise the nets at the
right time.

Raising net too early which makes di cult to

choose crop. Raising too late enables the harvest to
fall to one side. After this occurs, stems bend and
harvest losses are unavoidable

Irrigation system
Throughout the rst three weeks after planting
you’ll require overhead sprinklers to stop young
plants from drying out.

Later, it’s possible to change to drip irrigation

slowly.

Drippers should be put at a distance of 30 cm with 2

Iph discharge for su cient supply.

Full grown carnation crop consumes 6 to 7 liters of

water per m2 every day.

Fertigation
Create a soil analysis prior to planting.

Weeks provide only water (no fertilizers) because of

carnation plant root not able to consume any
nutrition.

start Fertilization from 4th week onwards until 8th

week: (Per 1000 m2 Every Day) Each Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday

fertilizer Quantity

19:19:19 1000gm

0:52:34 540gm

13:0:45 360gm

MgNO3 360gm

Borax 180gm

micronutrients 150gm

every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday

Fertilizer Quantity

Ca(NO3)2 1140 gm

Fertilization from 8th week onwards until 12th

week: (Per 1000 m2 every day).Each Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday

Fertilizer Quantity

19:19:19 1160gm

0:52:34 480gm

13:0:45 2150gm

Borax 230gm

Micronutrients 1130gm

every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday

Fertilizer Quantity
 Ca(NO3)2 1140gm

If possible, have the soil analyzed every Two or

Three weeks to determine whether it is essential to
alter the fertilization program.

Fertilization out of 12th week onwards until the end

of ush: (Per 100 m2 every day).

The perfect water EC during generative growth

must be approximately 1.6 mS/cm. Continue using
the above before the conclusion of the very rst
ower production peak.

Subsequently clean water for one weekly, no

fertilizers. Wash the dirt and eliminate extra
nutrients.

Method of giving Fertigation

Fertigation should be provided early in the morning
at 6 am for greater use from the plants. Take
recommended amount of fertilizers and then
dissolve them in the adequate amount of water.

It’s crucial to provide fertilizers with the

recommended amount of water to keep EC
optimal. Thus, operate drip irrigation method for
the prescribed time.

After each fertigation, open ush valve to drain

water o out of laterals and sub-mains.

Gently wash out the fertigation system to prevent

any kind of malfunctioning.

Disease and pest

in Carnation
always maintain Cleanliness, cleanliness
environment is vital due to environmental
restrictions, spraying application, which requires
weekly implementation.

Identifying disease at the initial stage is important.

The most favorable conditions for fungi are

humidity and higher humidity.

Maintaining optimal pest and disease control can

be achieved by keeping regular preventative
spraying program.

Don’t spray on weak plants as a result of extreme

sunlight sown in a comparatively dry condition.

Diseases :
The signi cant carnation diseases and their
potential control measures are described below

1. Fusarium wilt
The disorder caused by Fusarium oxysporum is
among the most serious disease

Wilting of foliage, often only on a couple of

branches followed by departure.Rotting of the stem
below oor level with inner brown streaking
extending around the stem.

When pulled, the plant breaks o easily while the

company roots stay in the soil. Infected cuttings wilt
and die quickly.

Control Measure

The ideal control measures are dirt sterilization

or chemical fumigation of the soil, use of
pathogen-free crops and basic sanitation at the
greenhouse

Rogue and destroy diseased plants to decrease

the source of disease.

Benomyl or Ridomil @ two gm/lit of water

drenching.

2. Butt rust – Rhizoctonia solani

Butts occasionally show a brownish discoloration
and breaking just below ground level.

The brown rot can stretch up the stem.

Control Measure

Plant substance derived from pathogen

analyzed stock into the fumigated land.

proper ventilation, Fantastic drainage, shallow

planting increase carnation immunity against R.
solani

Moderate fertility level.

drenching with fungicide reduce butt rust

(Bavistin or Benomyl @ two gm/lit) before

planting.

If the infection develops eliminate infected

plants and start Ridomil or Benomyl treatment

3. Rust-uromyces dianthii
Initial infections appear as pale green shell sh such
as swellings, which erupt releasing red to dark
brown powdery masses of spores. The disease is
normal under warm, humid conditions.

control measure

Avoid to leaves wet.

Rogue contaminated plants.

 Maintain a routine preventative spray program
with Mancozeb

4. Grey mould-Botrytis cinerea

Symptoms: Originally a moist tan coloured blotch
grows on petal tips and spreads quickly throughout
the petals to make a u y grey mold. This disorder
could create on cut owers while in transit.

control measure

Reduce humidity, keep excellent ventilation and

hygiene clinics.

Avoid injuring blossoms.

5. stem and root rot

Withering and yellowing of foliage, foliage

departure, outside browning of stalks and inner
workings in nodes. Stem and root rot might be
present. Wet conditions, over watering and poorly
drained soils prefer developments of this illness.

control measure

Avoid overwatering and poorly drained soils.

Drenching using Benomyl @ two gm/lit or Rovral

(0.5 gm/lit).

Drench using Thiram @ 3 gm/lit.

6. Alternaria leaf stains

Little purple stains appear on the leaves, stalks and
sometimes on the blossoms. These grow into stains
up to 5 millimeters in diameter with brownish
middle surrounded by a wide purple margin.
Spores resembling black specks grow randomly in
the middle of stains.

control measure

Avoid excess moisture from plants.

7. Fairy ring spots

Whitish tan colored stains up to 5 millimeters in
diameter surrounded by a narrow reddish purple
margin. Black pin-head sized spore masses happen
in concentric rings around the surface of those
stains.

control measure

spray mancozeb and sulphur with 1.5gm/lit and

1gm/lit respectively

8. carnation mottle virus

In carnation plant CMV commonly nd viruses.
Normally infected crops are symptom signi cantly
less, but some cultivars can demonstrate a mottling
pattern on the leaves. It reduces ower production
and quality and might cause inconsistent colour
ethics in the petals. CMV does not have any known
rector and can be highly contagious.

control measure

Prevention is the only option to control this virus.

CMV cannot be controlled by treatment. Use plants
derived from pathogen analyzed stock and keep
rigorous hygiene practices to lessen the disease.

pest
1. Red Spider Mite
This is a quite serious insect on carnations. Red
Spider Mite feed on the undersides of their leaves,
suck the sap and the leaves turn pale, withered,
bronze and also reveal severe webbing.

2. Aphids
Symptoms: Aphids suck the sap in the leaves and
dis gure the young development. In acute attacks,
they abandon tacky residue on the leaves and
ower buds. Aphids may be responsible for the
transmission Of viruses.
3. Caterpillars
Caterpillars are largely an issue of this carnation
bud. They damage carnation bud completely.

4. Root Knot Nematode

Leaves are yellowish in severe infestations and
Stunted development of plants

5. Thrips
Thrips suck the sap out of the leaves, causing them
to turn yellow and patchy frequently with black
specks and minor wrinkling and thrips make
streaks on owers which makes them
unmarketable damaged.

j s b h 26
SHARES

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