Penetrants: Type I Fluorescent

Type II Visible (Red)

Removal Method: Method A Water Removable

Method B Lipophilic Emulsifier (oil base)
Method C Solvent Wipe
Method D Hydrophilic Emulsifier (water base)

Removers: Class (1) Halogenated (nonflammable)

Class (2) Nonhalogenated (flammable)

Developers: Form a Dry Powder

Form b Water Soluble
Form c Water Suspendable
Form d Nonaqueous
Form e Nonaqueous

Fluorescent Level 1/2 Ultra Low

Sensitivity: Level 1 Low
Level 2 Medium
Level 3 High
Level 4 Ultra High

Frequency of In-Use Penetrant Tests – ASTM E-1417

Each Shift Monthly
Water Wash Pressure and Temperature Penetrant Water Content (method a only)
Emulsifier Water Content (lipophilic only)
Daily Emulsifier Removability
Penetrant Contamination
Dry Developer Contamination Quarterly
Developer Contamination (form b & c) Penetrant Brightness
System Performance Calibrate Drying Oven
Black Light: Intensity, Reflectors & Filters
Examination Area Cleanliness Semi-Annually
Calibrate Light Meter
Weekly Water Pressure Gage Calibration
Emulsifier (hydrophilic) Concentration Water Temperature Gage Calibration
Water Content (Water Based Penetrant)
Aqueous Developer Concentration (b & c) As Required
Visible & Black Light Integrity Penetrant Removability (method a only)
Penetrant Sensitivity

Note: Table as it appears is not a complete summary of the required in-use material tests.
 PRODUCTS CLASSIFICATION APPROVALS &
DESCRIPTION TYPICAL APPLICATION SPECIAL FEATURES
*available in aerosol TO AMS-2644 SPECIFICATIONS
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT
Water-washable (Method A & C)
SHERWIN
TRI-A N/A surfactant-based ceramic, plastic and porous parts crack detection without staining or use of developer
HM-1 Level 1/2 low sensitivity penetrant materials are
HM-2D Level 1 low sensitivity non-ferrous metal castings excellent washability, low penetrant consumption due to low viscosity, listed in the Qualified DRY DEVELOPER DWELL
HM-220 Level 1 low sensitivity excellent electrostatic capability, flash point over 200°F APPLICATION PENETRANTS <160°F D-90G 10 min-4 hrs
HM-3A Level 2 medium sensitivity
Product List (QPL) of Dipping, HM-1 HM-430 <71.1°C
spraying, HM-2D HM-604 DWELL WASH D-100 DWELL
HM-406 * Level 2 medium sensitivity
welds, castings, forgings and extrusions of automotive and aerospace,
HM-220: surfactant based MIL-I-25135E and flowing or HM-220 HM-607 10-30+ 50-100°F D-106 10-60 min
INSPECTION
HM-412 Level 2 high level 2 sensitivity HM-440: surfactant based brushing HM-3A HM-704 minutes at 10-38°C
HM-440 Level 2 medium sensitivity
ferrous and non-ferrous, airframes and turbine engine components AMS-2644. HM-406 HM-707 40°-125°F 40 psi max
HM-412 WB-100 DRY
HM-440.NY N/A surfactant-based pre-inspection, before HM-440 final inspection, contains no yellow dye DEVELOPER DWELL
HM-440 WB-200 <160°F
HM-430 Level 3 high sensitivity resists over-washing, low background and excellent electrostatic spray capability flash point over 200°F NOTE: Some specialty D-110A.1 <71.1°C 10-120 min

HM-604 Level 3 high sensitivity HM-604: surfactant based products do not meet
turbine engine components including turbine blades and
HM-607 Level 3 high level 3 sensitivity HM-607: surfactant based
critical welds, castings, forgings and extrusions QPL requirements and DRY DEVELOPER DWELL
HM-704 Level 4 ultra-high sensitivity HM-704: surfactant based
APPLICATION PENETRANTS <160°F D-90G 10 min-4 hrs
HM-707 Level 4 highest level 4 sensitivity HM-707: surfactant based are only used for special <71.1°C
Dipping, RC-29 WASH
D-100
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT applications. spraying, FP-22B DWELL EMULSIFIER 50-100°F D-106
DWELL
INSPECTION
Post-emulsifiable (Method B, C & D) flowing or RC-50 10-30+ 10-38°C 10-60 min
ER-85
brushing RC-65 minutes 40 psi max DEVELOPER
RC-29 Level 1 low sensitivity RC-77
WATER BASED DRY
FP-22B Level 2 medium sensitivity welds, castings, forgings in automotive, airframes and turbine engines low penetrant consumption due to low viscosity, excellent electrostatic spray capability, AMS/SAE 2647 RC-88
D-110A.1 <160°F
DWELL
10-120 min
RC-50 Level 2 medium sensitivity superior heat resistance, fully approved and proven over three decades, flash point over 200°F D-113G.1 <71.1°C
RC-65 * Level 3 high sensitivity AMS-3155
critical turbine engine components, e.g. turbine blades,
RC-77 * Level 4 ultra-high sensitivity RC-88: contains no petroleum solvent
turbine engine rotating parts, discs AMS-3156
RC-88 Level 4 ultra-high sensitivity DEVELOPER DWELL
APPLICATION PENETRANTS
D-90G 10 min-4 hrs
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT AMS-3157 Dipping, HM-1 HM-430 RC-29
SOLVENT
Water-based (Method A & C) spraying, HM-2D HM-604 FP-22B DWELL
HM-220 HM-607 RC-50 WIPE INSPECTION
flowing or 10-30+ DR-60
I-319 N/A LOX Compatible liquid oxygen applications water-base, LOX compatible, Level 1 equivalent ASME BPVC Sec V brushing HM-3A
HM-406
HM-704 RC-65
HM-707 RC-77
minutes DR-62 DEVELOPER
WB-100 Level 1 low sensitivity first approved water-based fluorescent penetrants, resists over-washing, non-flammable, HM-412 WB-100 RC-88 DWELL
used in castings, forgings, in automotive, airframes and turbine engines D-100
WB-200 Level 2 medium sensitivity available in ready to use form, also available in concentrate Aerospatiale HM-440 WB-200
D-106 10-60 min

EMULSIFIERS
AIRBUS
ER-83A Method D hydrophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 qualified to 30% max. concentration – high tolerance to contamination
DEVELOPER DWELL
ER-83A-1 N/A hydrophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 contains no dye Allison APPLICATION PENETRANTS D-90G 10 min-4 hrs
ER-83C Method D hydrophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 qualified to 30% max. concentration – high tolerance to contamination Dipping, RC-29 EMULSIFIER
WASH
ER-85 Method B lipophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 slow diffusion with lower risk of over-emulsification Augusta spraying, FP-22B
RC-50
DWELL PRE-RINSE ER-83A
50-100°F
DRY
D-100 DWELL
INSPECTION
flowing or 10-30+ course maximum <160°F
RC-65 10-38°C D-106 10-60 min
ER-85-1 N/A lipophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 contains no dye brushing minutes spray concentration <70°C
Boeing RC-77 30% 40 psi max
RC-88 DWELL
DEVELOPERS D-110A.1
10-120 min
D-113G.1
D-90G form a dry powder dust chamber – hand application, or powder bulb stabilizes and enhances brilliance to indications
Bombardier
D-100 * form d & e nonaqueous alcohol aerosol, sprayer refined white particles give thin, more uniform layer, alcohol based
Douglas DMS
D-106 * form d & e nonaqueous acetone aerosol, sprayer refined white particles, dries fast into uniform layer, acetone based
D-110A.1 form c water-suspendible dip tank Embraer
nonhazardous, economical developer for testing large number of parts
D-113G.1 form b water-soluble dip tank
FIAT Aviazone
CLEANERS / REMOVERS DRY DEVELOPER
DWELL
DR-60 * Class 2 hydrocarbon based excellent solvent action pre-cleaner and remover Garrett EMS PENETRANTS
<160°F
<71.1°C
D-100
D-106
10-60 min
DR-62 * Class 2 hydrocarbon/acetone based excellent solvent action pre-cleaner and remover, faster drying than DR-60 DP-50 WASH
DWELL
DR-63 Class 2 isopropyl alcohol based
use with all visible or fluorescent penetrant
excellent solvent action pre-cleaner and remover
General Dynamics DP-51 10-30+
50-100°F INSPECTION
DP-52 10-38°C
minutes
DP-54 40 psi max
DR-64 Class 2 acetone based formulated VOC exempt solvent General Electric DRY
BY-LUX DEVELOPER DWELL
LA-1 N/A hot tank - alkaline cleaner use diluted, spray or immersion safe on all metals, leaves no residue, penetrant compatible <160°F
D-110A.1 <71.1°C 10-120 min

VISIBLE DYE PENETRANT Lockheed

DP-40 * Method B & C & D P.E. type MTU DRY DEVELOPER
DP-50 * Method A & C water washable welds, castings, forgings and extrusions of both ferrous and DWELL
sharp indications through high color content, resists over-washing, flash point over 200°F <160°F D-100
DP-51 * Method A & C water washable non-ferrous components and some plastics and ceramics 10-60 min
Northrop WASH
<71.1°C D-106
DP-52 N/A water washable DWELL
PENETRANTS EMULSIFIER 50-100°F
10-30+ INSPECTION
DP-54 Method A & C easily water washable rough castings easy wash-off for use on heavily textured parts Pratt & Whitney DP-40 minutes ER-85 10-38°C
BY-LUX * 40 psi max
N/A visible and fluorescent second look with black light no second application when closer look needed DRY
DEVELOPER DWELL
HIGH TEMPERATURE SYSTEM RDT-F3-6T D-110A.1
<160°F
10-120 min
<71.1°C
KO-17 * Penetrant Method A & C high temp. visible dye KO-17: surfactant based
KO-19 * Remover Class 2 high temp. remover welds, castings, forgings at high temperature inspection on hot surfaces, no need to cool down parts, reducing processing time
Rolls-Royce
D-350 * Developer form d & e high temp. developer and inspection costs (tested up to 350°F) PENETRANTS
Sikorsky Aircraft DP-40
MAGNETIC PARTICLE SAE/AMS CLASSIFICATION DP-50 DWELL SOLVENT WIPE
DEVELOPER
DEVELOPER
DWELL
DP-51 10-30+ DR-60 D-100 INSPECTION
Black Oxide * AMS 3041, 3042, 3043 black mag particles welds, castings and forgings - used under visible light high particle concentration provides heavier indication buildup for easy detection Snecma DMC DP-52 minutes DR-62
D-110A.1
D-106
10-60 min
DP-54
CP-1 * N/A peelable contrast paint high contrast background for interpreting mag particle indications enhances the visibility of black or red-brown mag particles under white light BY-LUX
CP-2 * Meets ISO 9934 contrast paint high contrast background for interpreting mag particle indications enhances the visibility of black or red-brown mag particles under white light Turbomeca
Glo-Netic * AMS 3044, 3045, 3046 premixed fluorescent particles in petroleum carrier widely used for manufacturing and maintenance inspection highly sensitive for inspecting critical parts. Indications are bright, precise, and easier to read – used on ferrous metal
GW-1 AMS 3044 powder concentrate mix with oil or water to find microscopic cracks in ferrous metals highly sensitive for magnetic inspection of critical parts, low background TVA
MPF AMS 2641 mag particle fluid for wet method mag particle inspection use with both fluorescent and non-fluorescent magnetic particles no odor, no fluorescence, clear liquid, non-flammable flashpoint above 200°F
W5C AS 4792 powder water additive disperse and suspend mag particles, both fluorescent and non-fluorescent no petroleum solvents for disposal, contains surface wetting agents, corrosion inhibitors and anti-foaming agents