Email: nuranirsa31@yahoo.com
Abstract
Changes in adolescents are one of the reason for their negative acts, including drug abuse. A strategy
that can be used by the community health nurse to prevent this is by strengthening the role of
adolescent families, so that they could provide their adolescent’s needs properly. Based on assessment
and identification of problems in adolescents, a program known as Keluarga Untuk Remaja Sehat
(KUAT) was arranged in various of action plans for strengthening adolescent and their families as
follows: 1) early detection of drug abuse; 2) how to comunicate effectively with adolescent; and 3)
forming a support group consist of families with adolescents in Kelurahan Cisalak Pasar Depok. The
purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of KUAT as an intervention strategy to
increase adolescent’s skill to control the risk of drug abuse. The method of this research was
quantitative research and data was collected through questionaire after KUAT intervention. A random
sample of 72 adolescents who aged 10-19 years old and their families, was chosen. Result of KUAT
program is the increasing of adolescent’s risk control skill of drug abuse by 94,3% from 48,6%
(p=0,046). Conclusion is that KUAT as a strategy of intervention was effective and applicable to use
in the management of service and nursing care for controlling the drug abuse risk in adolescent. It is
recommended that KUAT as risk control of drug abuse is needed for strengthening the role of family
to adolescents.
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moratorium; foreclosure; and identity achieved (2008) smoking is the gate to abusing illicit
(Santrock, 2007; Papalia, 2001). drugs.
Adolescent characteristic, that in process Bogor is the location where Ariani (2006)
to find their identity, are often cause problems. conduct the research in Adolescent is a high
At this stage, adolescent wants to be accepted risk area because it located near with the capital
in their new peer so they dare to do negative city DKI Jakarta so that transfer of information
things (Papalia,2003). and illicit drug sirculation happened very fast.
Further, economical factor could be risk The same situation occurs in some satelite city
that caused adolescent to behave negatively. It of DKI Jakarta, mainly in Depok that directly
corresponds to research by Nurani (2012) bordering it. Besides that, Badan Narkotika
conducted in adolescents at Depok, that 53,8% Kota Depok (2008) reported that illicit drug
adolescent with low-income families have less abuser in Depok was about 1,5% of total Depok
control on risk of drug abuse. Economy also population and 75% of them are at 10-18 year
becoming the reason of the next risk factor; life of age. In accordance of BNK Depok report,
style. According to Ariani (2006) the greatest Marsito (2008) conduct a research in Senior
wish of adolescent is to be independent and High School Student at Kelurahan Pancoran
decent life, so if they could not fulfilled their Mas Depok and found that 8,1% of them were
wish they will get frustated and start to abusing always smoking and 90,9% state that they were
drugs. smoking because of peer pressure.
Adolescent in a low-income family are One of the areas in Depok that at risk to be
often taught to defend physically and it led the centre of illicit drug abuse is Kelurahan
them to irregularities behaviours such as Cisalak Pasar because it is bordered by east
juvenile deliquency, gang members, illicit jakarta. Early assessment done in March to
drugs abuse and homeless (Friedman, 2010). April 2013 at Kelurahan Cisalak Pasar found
Hard life experience can cause adolescent used that 63,4% adolescent in the area was started to
to negative things and influence from their smoke at 10-15 year of age. The high risk of
environment. One of the problems of illicit drug abuse in adolescents also can be
adolescent and become a global problem is seen from the results of the early assessment;
illicit drug abuse. 51,5 % adolescents are having a low risk
Illicit drug abuse and its circulation in control of drug abuse and 19 % of them said
adolescent has reached an alarming stage, that they were smoking because was being
according to UNODC (United Nation Office offered by a friend. This result shows that
for Drugs and Crimes, 2010) illicit drug abuser adolescent at Kelurahan Cisalak Pasar Depok
worldwide in 2009 was about 149 million – 272 are having high risk of illicit drug abuse.
million people and 3,3%-6,1% of them started The high risk of illicit drug abuse should
abusing illicit drugs at the age 15. This shows be able to be prevented properly. Risk control
that people begins abusing illicit drugs when of drug abuse in the community is must be
they are teenagers. Still according to UNODC done by all parties, including nurse. The
(2004), illicit drug abuser in Indonesia was community health nursing as a part of health
about 3,2 million people or equal with 1,5% of profession is responsible to be active in
total Indonesian population and it is estimated increasing healthy behaviour of the community,
to be increasing. including prevention of drug abuse in
The increasing of illicit drug abuse case in adolescents. Intervention strategies of
adolescent, according Allender (2005) is community nursing that can be administered to
because adolescent was group in community control the risk of drug abuse include education
that has the biggest risk of abusing drug abuse. related with growth characteristics of
Illicit drug abuse often started in elementary to adolescent and illicit drug abuse; partnerships
junior high stage, when they meet a lot of new in prevention to rehabilitation of drugs abuse;
friends and becoming vulnerable of peer also to empowering the sources in community
pressure (Papalia, 2003). It correspond with to be active in the process of preventing illicit
research by Ariani (2006) conducted in senior drug abuse in adolescents.
high school at Bogor Barat that 46,8% of One of the strategies that can be used by
adolescent student is aggresive and smoking. community health nurses to prevent the risk of
Smoking behaviour could led them to illicit drug abuse in adolescents is to strengthen
drug abuse, because according to Syarief families so that family would be able to
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perform a role that fit the needs of their KUAT program was given to adolescents,
adolescents. Interventions that has been used to parents of adolescent and local health
strengthen families were known as volunteers. Adolescent group was given health
Strengthening Family Program (SFP), it have education about growth characteristic of
been proven scientifically to be effective reduce adolescent, risk control of drug abuse
the risk of drug abuse in adolescents (Kumpfer, including: information about the impact of
et al., 2010). illicit drug and how to control the risks of
Strengthening Family Program (SFP) is a abusing it; life skills training to refuse with
training program for parents and families based assertive way; and early detection on risk of
on experience that has proven to be effective in drug abuse among their peer. Parents was given
decreasing behaviour problems, juvenile health education about adolescents and the risk
deliquency, illicit drug abuse, also to increasing of abusing illicit drug in adolescent, also
their social and academic skills. Increasing the trained to communicate effectively with their
ability of family in order to control the risk of adolescents. Local health volunteers also given
drug abuse in adolescent is one of the the same thing as parents, added with
responsibilities of community health nurses. administration of case finding of illicit drug
According to Advanced Practice Nursing abuse in adolescent.
(APN), nursing role as a specialist are: as an
educator, consultant, researcher and change RESULTS
agent. As a change agent, nurse are given a Community nursing care done to
chance to make an inovation program in order overcome adolescent problems in risk of drug
to control the risk control of drug abuse in abuse with the implementation of KUAT
adolescents integrated in a model that program as an intervention strategy. The
modificate the Strengthening Family Program program was implemented in the groups consist
(SFP). The modification are done because the of adolescents, parents, and local health
limited resources in applying the program. The volunteers.
new program is known as Keluarga Untuk
Remaja Sehat (KUAT). Adolescents
Keluarga Untuk Remaja Sehat (KUAT) Evaluation results after the implementation of
was arranged in various of action plans for KUAT program in adolescents are:
strengthening adolescent and their families as 1. Increasing of adolescent’s knowledge,
follows: 1) early detection of drug abuse; 2) attitude and skills in refusing
how to comunicate effectively with adolescent; assertively of drug abuse offerences.
and 3) forming a support group consist of (knowledge was increase by 29%,
families with adolescents in Kelurahan Cisalak attitude was increase by 30%, and
Pasar Depok. The implementation of KUAT skills was increase by 26,4%).
program is aimed to increase adolescent’s skill 2. Increasing of early detection skills in
in controlling the risk of drug abuse. illicit drug abuse among adolescent by
The purpose of this study is to investigate the 20%.
effectiveness of KUAT as an intervention 3. Decreasing the high risk of adolescent
strategy to increase adolescent’s skill to control to abusing illicit drugs from 20% to
the risk of drug abuse. 8,6%.
Parents
METHODS Evaluation results after KUAT implementation
Data for early assessment were collected on parents group are:
by interviews, observations, and questionnaires 1. Increasing of parents knowledge about
with purposive sampling for adolescents. adolescent and their characteristic also
KUAT program was implemented through effective communication skills
health educations, coaching, counseling and (increasing knowledge by 27,8% and
early detection of drug abuse. KUAT was skills by 37,5%).
given to 72 adolescents at risk of drug abuse 2. 80% parents are capable to demonstrate
and their parents, also to a support group the technique of effective
consist of parents and some local health communication with adolescents.
volunteers (cadres) in 4 months. Local health volunteers
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the risk of problems that happened to their Jakarta: Direktorat Pelayanan dan
children, so that parents must know how to do Rehabilitasi Sosial Korban NAPZA.
the anticipatory guidance. After the
implementation of KUAT program, parents are Friedman, et al. (2010). Family Nursing:
expected to be able to do the anticipatory Research, Theory and Practice. (Fifth
guidance by communicate effectively with their Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
adolescent. As the main result of the program,
adolescent skill to controlling the risk of drug Gillies, D.A. (2000). Nursing Management: A
abuse was increasing. It shows that this System Approach, 5th edition.
program were effective to help families give Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
the anticipatory guidance to their adolescents.
Gunarsa, Yulia, S.G. (2004). Psikologi
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