C2quick PDF

Quick
Reference
Guide
CAESAR II™
V E R S I O N 4.40
( L A S T R E V I S E D 5/2002)
•
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide (Version 4.40)
The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly identifying
needed information and to resolve common questions and problems. This Reference
Guide is distributed with each copy of the software and users are urged to copy it (the
Reference Guide) as necessary.
Comments and suggestions concerning the CAESAR II program, the User’s Guide, or
the Quick Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems, questions, or
suggestions can contact the COADE Development/Support staff.
CAESAR II
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzes
piping systems. CAESAR II uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, and
extensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely operation and solution.
CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, or
combined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating
equipment reports combine to provide the analyst with a complete description of the
piping system’s behavior under the applied loading conditions. Additional technical
capabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and
relief valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stress
engineer with the most advanced computer based piping program available today.
The CAESAR II program is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

abilities, to provide additional functionality, and to modify existing computation
procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most recent changes
to the CAESAR II program can be found in the later section of Chapter 1 of the User’s
Guide. Users desiring software sales or seminar information are urged to contact the
COADE Sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: techsupport@coade.com

FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: www.coade.com
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

CAESAR II / Pipe Stress Seminars
COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of CAESAR II

and Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar is held in the COADE Houston office and
covers three days of statics and two days of dynamics. This seminar emphasizes the
piping codes, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar
details, please contact COADE and ask for seminar information.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

Table of Contents
System Requirements ................................................................. 1

Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 1
Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces ........................................... 3
List of CAESAR II Piping Codes ............................................... 3
Restraints .................................................................................... 4
List of Setup File Directives ....................................................... 4
List of Materials ......................................................................... 7
Intersection Types in CAESAR II .............................................. 8
Code Stresses .............................................................................. 9
Node Locations on Bends ........................................................ 17
CAESAR II Combined Index ................................................... 19
CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual ................................... 50
Mechanical Engineering News ................................................. 50
Additional COADE Software Programs ................................... 50
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

System Requirements
Pentium 400 or better CPU
Windows 95 or later
128 Mbyte RAM
80 Mbyte Hard Disk Space Free
VGA Graphics Board & Monitor 800x600
Troubleshooting
The installation aborts with an error stating: “An error occurred during the move
data process: 623”.
This is caused by attempting to install the software when a previous copy is currently
running.
This error occurs because InstallShield could not rename an intermediate file during
the file transfer process. This error can be caused by running the target application
during the installation, as well as some virus-checking programs. When this error
occurs, shut down all running applications and restart the installation process.
The installation aborts with an error stating: “An error occurred during the move
data process: 115”.
A problem has been encountered on Novell networks in that they may not work with
long file names. In builds of CAESAR II Version 4.00 up through and including
980122, the file C2PIPENET.EXE is longer than 8.3 characters, and causes the
installation to abort.
This error is caused when the installation can not write a file to the target hard disk. In
addition to the Novell problem noted above, a lack of sufficient access rights will also
cause this error. On some networks, other workstations using the software have caused
this error.
Any build after March 1, 1998 will report the file which can not be installed, prior to
the termination of the installation process.
The software will not startup properly and indicates an ESL (External Software
Lock) problem.
Check that the necessary ESL drivers have been loaded correctly. Refer to
..\caesar\assidrv for documentation on the drivers. Check the file “patch.430” and
insure the correct version (full run, limited run, dealer) has been installed, and matches
your ESL type.
To check that the drivers have been loaded properly, go to ..\caesar\assidrv (for red or
white) ESLs and run “HINSTALL -info”.
Q-1 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

The Main Menu starts up but attempting to enter the piping input immediately fails.
If this is an NT system, check the program directory for the files OPENGL32.DLL and
GLU32.DLL. These files should not exist in the CAESAR II program directory, as
they are Windows 95 components. Delete these two files. (Windows NT provides
these DLLs as part of the operating system. The Windows 95 versions are not
compatible with Windows NT.)
Try a different input file. If the user takes a pre-3.24 input file and renames it from “_a”
to “._a”, then the logic to upgrade the file to the new format is bypassed. This will crash
the input processor which uses the file name format to detect pre versus post 3.24
versions.
This problem can also be caused by the lack of a configuration file, CAESAR.CFG or
changing the data directory to one containing an out-of-date configuration file.
Only a portion of the window can be seen, some parts or controls are cut off.
CAESAR II was designed to operate in 800x600 resolution with “small fonts”.

“Large fonts”, or “custom fonts” may be too large for this (800x600) resolution. Either
decrease the font size or increase the screen resolution.
When attempting to use a module which uses “tab controls”, such as: MISC,
C2SETUP, ROT, or PREPIP, some users may get an abort in a “debug” message
box.
This is probably caused by an out of date COMCTL32.DLL. Ask the user to check the
date of COMCTL32.DLL, usually located in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM, but wherever
the Windows directory is. The date on the one that works is 8/26/96 or newer, and is
about 378K in size. The one that doesn’t work has a date in 1995 and is about 178K.
The only people with this problem are running Win95 OSR1 (OEM Service Release
1). They should get the latest service packs from the Microsoft WEB site.
Additional troubleshooting tips can be obtained from the CAESAR II FAQ document
located on the COADE web site at http://www.coade.com/. Troubleshooting issues
are also discussed in the Discussion Forums, also located on the COADE web site.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-2

Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces in existence which transfer data between CAESAR II
and other software packages. These interfaces can be accessed via the TOOLS option of
the main menu.
CADWorx (requies AutoCAD)

AUTOCAD (DXF Output)
COMPUTER VISION (mainframe)
INTERGRAPH (mainframe)
CADPIPE (requires AutoCAD)
ISOMET (mainframe)
PDMS (mainframe)
PCF (Alias format)
Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further information. We
anticipate other interfaces in the future. We will keep users updated via the newsletter
or revised documentation.
List of CAESAR II Piping Codes
ANSI B31.1 (2001) December 10, 2001

ANSI B31.3 (1999) August 31, 2001
ANSI B31.4 (1998) September 30, 2001
ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (1998) September 30, 2001
ANSI B31.5 (2001) November 1, 2001
ANSI B31.8 (1999) November 16, 2001
ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (1999) November 16, 2001
ANSI B31.11 (1989) June 28, 1991
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (2001) July 1, 2001
ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (2001) July 1, 2001
U.S. NAVY 505 (1984)
CANADIAN Z662 (9/95)
BS 806 (1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993)
SWEDISH METHOD 1 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)
SWEDISH METHOD 2 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)
ANSI B31.1 (1967)
STOOMWEZEN (1989)
RCC-M C (1988)
RCC-M D (1988)
CODETI (1995)
NORWEGIAN (1990, Rev 1)
FDBR (1995)
BS7159 (1989)
UKOOA (1994)
IGE/TD/12 (1990)
DNV (1996)

Restraints
Restraint Type Abbreviation
1 - Anchor ........................................................................................... A
2 - Translational Double Acting ............................................ X, Y, or Z
3 - Rotational Double Acting ......................................... RX, RY, or RZ
4 - Guide, Double Acting ................................................................ GUI
5 - Double Acting Limit Stop ......................................................... LIM
6 - Translational Double Acting Snubber ............ XSNB,YSNB, ZSNB
7 - Translational Directional ............................. +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
8 - Rotational Directional .................................... +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
9 - Directional Limit Stop .................................................. +LIM, -LIM
10 - Large Rotation Rod ..................................... XROD, YROD, ZROD
11 - Translational Double Acting Bilinear ............................ X2, Y2, Z2
12 - Rotational Double Acting Bilinear ......................... RX2, RY2, RZ2
13 - Translational Directional Bilinear ..................... -X2, +X2, -Y2, etc.
14 - Rotational Directional Bilinear ................ +RX2, -RX2, +RY2, etc.
15 - Bottom Out Spring ......................................... XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
16 - Directional Snubber ......................... +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
List of Setup File Directives

The following list represents the possible directives which can be controlled by the user
via the CAESAR II configuration file CAESAR.CFG. These directives can be changed
by the user through the use of the CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via MAIN
MENU option #9. Directives are listed in groups corresponding to the configuration
program's menu options.
GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= .1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65
ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59

COMPUTATION CONTROL (Cont.)
ROD INCREMENT = .2000000E+01 58

INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60
DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE= .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135
BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140
INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN
FREE THERMAL CASES = NO 141
SIFS AND STRESSES
REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1(POST1980) 32
USE WRC329 = NO 62
NO REDUCED SIF FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53
B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54
CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55
ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35
ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66
ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67
OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .0000000E+00 41
DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43
B31.3 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = .1000000E+01 40
ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52
USE SCHNEIDER = NO 63
YIELD CRITERION STRESS = MAX 3D SHEAR 108
USE PD/4T = NO 64
BASE HOOP STRESS ON = NO 57
APPLY_B318_NOTE2 = NO 133
DISABLE_UNDO = NO 128
LIBERAL ALLOWABLE = YES 137
STREE STIFFENING DUE TO PRESS = NO 138
B31.3 WELDING/CONTOUR TEE MEET B16.9 = NO 139
FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 111
BS 7159 Pressure Stiffening= Design Strain 121
FRP Property Data File= CAESAR.FRP 122
Axial Modulus of Elasticity = .3200000E+07 113
Ratio Shear Mod : Axial Mod = .2500000E+00 114
Axial Strain : Hoop Stress = .1527272E+00 115
FRP Laminate Type = THREE 116
FRP Alpha = .1200000E+02 117
FRP Density = .6000000E-01 118
Exclude f2 from Bending Stress (UKOOA) NO 134
PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17

PLOT COLORS (Cont.)
NODES YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACEDSHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARK BLUE 29
STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
DATA BASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE= AISC89.BIN 70
VALVE & FLANGE= CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DBASE= PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME= ENGLISH.FIL 124
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87
DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 125
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATAASE NAME <NONE> 127
<BELOW>
ENABLE_AUTOSAVE YES 130
AUTOSAVE_TIME_INTERVAL 30. 131
PROMPTED_AUTOSAVE YES 132

List of Materials
The CAESAR II material table contains 17 different isotropic materials. Properties and
allowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material are listed below: (see Chapter 5
of the CAESAR II Technical Reference Guide)
MATERIAL ELASTIC POISSON’S PIPE TEMPERATURE

NO. NAME MODULUS RATIO DENSITY RANGE
______________________ (psi) _______________ (lb./cu.in) __ (deg.F) __
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Stl 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Stl 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1500
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1000
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67%Ni/30%Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper-Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32290 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200
In addition CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long cold
spring elements.
Material number 20 activates the CAESAR II orthotropic material model (i.e. Fiber-
glass reinforced plastic pipe); default coefficient of expansion is
12.0E-6in./in./°F.
Material 21 indicates “user defined” properties.
Material numbers over 100 are from the Material Data base and include allowable stress
and other piping code data.

Intersection Types in CAESAR II
CAESAR II TYPE B31.3 TYPE NOTES SKETCH
1 Reinforced Reinforced - Used to lower SIFs

Fabricated Tee - Not a fitting
- Modified Pipe
2 Unreinforced Unreinforced - Routine Intersection

Fabricated Tee - Not a fitting
- Modified pipe
- Usually the cheapest
3 Welded Tee Welding Tee - Usually size-on-size

- Governed by B16.9
- Usually the lowest SIF
- Usually Expensive
4 Sweepolet Welded-in - "Sit-in" fitting

contour - Forged fitting on a pipe
Insert
5 Weldolet Branch Welded - "Sit-on" fitting

On - Forged fitting on a pipe
Fitting
6 Extruded Extruded - Seldom used

Welding Tee - Used for thick wall manifolds
- Extruded from straight pipe

Code Stresses
Listed below are the “code stress” equations for the actual and allowable stresses used
by CAESAR II. For the listed codes, the actual stress is defined by the left hand side
of the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the right hand side. The
CAESAR II load case label is also listed after the equation.
Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are sufficient for code
compliance. However, CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases.
Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be specified by the user.
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp
Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation
Slp = PDi2/(D02 - Di2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default
Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified
S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE)

B31.1
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)
B31.3
Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3
B1 * Pmax Do + B2 * Ma / Z < 1.5 Sh (SUS)

2tn
i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh - Sl(EXP)
B1 * Slpmax + B2 * (Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8 Sh and < 1.5 Sy. (OCC)

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505
Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < Sh (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)
Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < k Sh (OCC)
B31.4
If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

FAC | E α dT - υ SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

Fax/A - ν SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)
B31.4 Chapter IX
Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sy = specified minimum yield strength
F1 = hoop stress design factor (0.60 or 0.72, see Table A402.3.5(a) of the B31.4
Code)
Sh = (Pi – Pe) D / 2t
SL = Sa + Sb or Sa - Sb, whichever results in greater stress value
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + St2]1/2

B31.5
sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z
B31.8
Se + Sl < Syield (OPE)
Sl = Slp + Sb < .75 (Syield) (SUS)
Se = sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
B31.8 Chapter VIII
Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S = specified minimum yield strength
F1 = hoop stress design factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code)
T = temperature derating factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)
Note: the product of S and T (i.e., the yield stress at operating temperature) is
required in the SH field of the CAESAR II input
Sh = (Pi – Pe) D / 2t
SL = maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive)
Se = 2[((SL - Sh)/2)2 + Ss2]1/2
Ss = tangential shear stress
B31.11
If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

FAC | E α dT - υ SHOOP| + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

Fax/A - ν SHOOP + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

B31.11 (Continued)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

Slp + Fax/A + Sb + SHOOP < 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.88 (Syield) (OCC)
Canadian Z662
If FAC = 1.0 (Fully Restrained Pipe)

|E α dT - υ Sh| + Sh < 0.9 S * T (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (Burried, But Soil Restraints Modeled)
|Fax / A - υ Sh| + Sb + Sh < S*T (OPE)
(If Fax / A - υ Sh is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (Fully Above Ground)
|Slp + Fax / A| + Sb + Sh < S*T (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax / A is compressive)
Sl = 0.5Sh + Sb < S*F*L*T (SUS, OCC)
SE = sqrt [Sb ** 2 + 4St ** 2] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)
RCC-M C & D
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)
Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)
Stoomwezen
Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)
iMc/Z < fe (EXP)
Slp + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2f (OCC)

CODETI
sqrt (Sb **2 + 4St **2) < f [1.25 (Sl + Sh)] - Sl (EXP)
Slp + Fax/A + iMa/Z + iMb/Z < Ksh (OCC)
Sb = [ Sqrt ((iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2] /Z
Norwegian
Sl = PDi2 + .75 i Ma < Sh (SUS)

Eff(D02-Di2) Z
iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)

2
PmaxDi + .75i (Ma + Mb) < 1.2 Sh (OCC)
Eff(D02-Di2) Z
M = sqrt (Mx2 + My2 + Mz2)

Sr = Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; FrRs-F2; or Fr (1.25R1 + 0.25R2)
(The latter applies to temperatures over 370°c; 425°c for Austenitic
stainless steel)
Fr = Cyclic reduction factor
Rs = Permissable extent of stress for 7000 cycles
R1 = Minimum of Sc and 0.267 Rm
R2 = Minimum of Sh and 0.367 Rm
Rm = Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature
FDBR
Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)
BS 7159
If Sx is tensile:
(
sqrt S2x + 4Ss2 ) < Sh (OPE)
and
(
sqrt Sφ2 + 4Ss2 ) < Sh*EH/EA (OPE)
or, if Sx is compressive:
Sφ − ν φx Sx < Sh*EH/EA (OPE)

BS 7159 (Continued)
and
Sx < 1.25Sh (OPE)
Sx =
P( Dm )
+ 
(
sqrt ( i M ) 2 + ( i M ) 2 
 xi i xo o
 )
( 4t ) Z
P( Dm ) 
− 
(
sqrt ( i M ) 2 + ( i M ) 2 
xi i xo o
 − Fx)
( 4t ) Z A
(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)
MP( Dm )
Sφ = (for straight pipes)
(2 t )
 
( ) + (i )  
2 2
MP( Dm ) sqrt  iφi Mi φo Mo

= + (for bends)
( 2t ) Z
=
MP( Dm )
+
(
sqrt ( i M ) 2 + ( i M ) 2 
 xi i xo o  ) (for tees) ,
( 2t ) Z
D m and t are always for the Run Pipe
Eff = Ratio of Eφ to Ex
UKOOA
σab (f2/r) + PDm/ (4t) ≤ (f1 f2 LTHS) / 2.0
Where:
P = design pressure
Dm = pipe mean diameter
t = pipe wall thickness
f1 = factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = system factory of safety, usually 0.67
σab = axial bending stress due to mechanical loads
r = σa(0:1) /σa(2:1)
σa(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure load
σa(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loading
LTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)

BS 806
Straight Pipe
< SAOPE
fc = sqrt(F2 + 4fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt(d + 2t) / 4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft = pd/2t + 0.5p
fL = pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2 + mo2)] / 2I
Bends
< SAOPE
fc = sqrt (F2 + 4 fs2) < SASUS
< SAEXP
fs = Mt (d + 2t) /4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft = r/I * sqrt[(miFTi)2 + (m0FTo)2]
fs = r/I * sqrt[(miFLi)2 + (m0FLo)2]
Branch Junctions
< SAOPE
fcb = q * sqrt[fb2 + 4fsb2] < SASUS
< SAEXP
fb = (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 + (moFTO)2]
Fsb = Mt (d + 2t) / 4I
q = 1.0 except for operating cases
= .5 or .44 bases on d2/d1 ratio in operating cases
m = geometric parameter
EXP SA = min[(H*Sproof ambient + H*Sproof design), (H*Sproof ambient + F)]
OPE SA = Savg rupture at design temperature
SUS SA = min[.8*Sproof , Screep rupture]

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Hoop Stress: Sh <= ns SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Hoop Stress: Sh <= nu SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: SL <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: Se <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
Sh = (Pi – Pe) (D – t) / 2t
ns = hoop stress yielding usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)
SMYS = specified minimum yield strength, at operating temperature
nu = hoop stress bursting usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)
SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperature
SL = maximum longitudinal stress
n = equivalent stress usage factor (see Table C4 of the DNV Code)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 - ShSL + 3t2]1/2

Node Locations on Bends
• Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. The
actual bend curvature is always physically at the “TO” end of the element entering the bend.
• The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering)
the bend.
• The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
• For stress and displacement output the “TO” node of the element entering the bend is
located geometrically at the “FAR” point on the bend. The “FAR” point is at the weldline
of the bend, and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.
• The “NEAR” point on the bend is at the weldline of the bend, and adjacent to the straight
element entering the bend.
• The “FROM” point on the element is located at the “NEAR” point of the bend if the total
length of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan(
Beta / 2 ) where “Beta” is the bend angle, and “Radius” is the bend radius of curvature to
the bend centerline.
• Nodes defined in the ANGLE # and NODE # fields are placed at the given angle on the
bend curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the “NEAR” point on the bend and
goes to “Beta” degrees at the “FAR” point of the bend.
• Angles are always entered in degrees.
• By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of one
another or within five degrees of the nearest endpoint. This and other bend settings may
be changed through the MAIN MENU, CONFIGURE-SETUP processor. (See pp Q5-6)
• When the “FROM” node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend “NEAR” point
a node may be placed at the near point of the bend by entering an ANGLE # on the bend
spreadsheet equal to 0.0 degrees. (See the following figure.)
• When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are
automatically placed at the near and mid point of the bend. The generated midpoint node
number is one less than the “TO” node number on the element, and the generated near point
node number is two less than the “TO” node number on the element. A near point should
always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems.

The top-left figure below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-
right figure shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-
left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bend
curvature at angles of zero and forty-five degrees.
• For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, click the "animated Tutorials" option on the
"Help" menu.

CAESAR II Combined Index
The following index is a “Combined Index”, consisting of the index entries from all three
CAESAR II manuals. In this “Combined Index”, entries preceded with a “U” are referencing
the “User’s Guide”, entries preceded with an “A” are referencing the “Applications Guide”,
entries preceded with a “T” are referencing the “Technical Reference Manual” and entries
preceded with a “P” are referencing the Preface of the “User's Guide”.
Numerics Add f/a in stresses T2-11

Add torsion in sl stress T2-11
180 degree return (fitting-to-fitting 90 deg. Added mass coefficient T6-34
bends) A2-6 Advanced U8-27, U8-32
3-D graphics U5-39 Advanced parameters T5-79, U8-19
3-D space T3-5 Advanced parameters show screen U8-10
A Airy wave theory T6-30
Airy wave theory implementation T6-33
About the CAESAR II documentation P-4 AISC 1977 database T4-47
ABS U6-25 AISC 1989 database T4-51
ABS Method U8-18 AISC code comparisons U12-49
Absolute AISC database U10-5
Expansion load T6-4 AISC output reports U12-47
Method T5-72, T5-75 AISC unity checks
Acceleration Allow sidesway U12-42
Factor T5-68 Allowable stress increase factor U12-41
Vector T5-49, T5-58 Bending coefficient U12-42
Acceptance of terms of agreement by the Double angle spacing U12-46
user P-2 Fixity coefficients U12-46
Access T8-86 Form factor qa U12-42
Access-protected data T2-29 Member type U12-44
Account number T7-2 Stress reduction factors U12-42
Accounting T7-2 Structural code U12-41
Menu T7-3 Algebraic U6-24
Summary reports T7-2 Allow short range springs T3-33, T3-82
System T7-2 Allowable
Accounting file T7-7 Load variation T3-32
Accounting file structure T7-7 Stress T2-38, T3-55, T6-42, T6-79
Acoustic Allowable load variation (%) T3-32, T3-82
Flow problems T5-51 Allowable stress T2-38, T3-55
Resonances T5-82 Allowable stress increase factor U12-41
Shock T5-85 Allowable stresses U5-15
Vibration T5-4 Allowed travel limit T3-33
Acoustic waves A7-29 Alpha T4-7
Activate Accounting tab T7-3 Alpha tolerance T2-4, T3-8, U5-6
Activate Bourdon effects T3-86 Alternating pressure T5-84
Actual cold loads U6-27 Ambient temperature T3-62, T3-88, U5-6
Actual pressure T2-21 Analysis menu U4-6
Add T4-3 Analysis type (harmonic/spectrum/modes/
time-history) T5-49

Analysis-statics A7-50, A9-28 API 605 rating tables U12-24
Analytical model T6-68 API 610
Analyzing the dynamics job A-2 Load Satisfaction Criteria, API 610
Eigensolver U8-33-34 U12-57
Mode shapes U8-34 API 610 (centrifugal pumps) U12-57
Performing a harmonic analysis API 617 (centrifugal compressors) U12-64
Forcing frequency U8-34 API 661 (air cooled heat exchangers)
Phase angle U8-34 U12-66
Performing a modal analysis API-650
Frequency cutoff U8-33 Delta t T3-46
Modes of vibration U8-33 Fluid height T3-45
Natural frequencies U8-33 Nozzle height T3-45
Sturm sequence check U8-33 Nozzles T3-44
Performing a spectral analysis Reinforcing 1 or 2 T3-45
Mass participation factors U8-35 Specific gravity T3-45
Selection of phase angles Tank coefficient of thermal expansion
Harmonic results U8-35 T3-45
Harmonic stress U8-35 Tank diameter T3-45
Analyzing water hammer loads A7-28 Tank modulus of elasticity T3-46
Anchors A3-2, T3-25, T3-106 Tank wall thickness T3-45
Anchors with displacements A3-3 Application guide P-4
Anchors, flexible A3-5 Applications - Utilizing Global and Local
Angle T3-13, T4-23, T4-25 Coordinates T6-136
Angle field A2-2 Applications of CAESAR II P-2
Angle spacing, double U12-46 Apply B31.8 Note 2 T2-13
Angle to adjacent bend A2-3 Archive A8-33, U6-14
Angular Archiving T9-16
Forcing frequency T5-49 Archiving and reinstalling P-8
Frequency T5-57, T5-58 Area T4-9
Stiffness T3-75 ASCE #7 wind loads U6-10
Angular gimbal A5-25 ASME
Angular-only gimballed joint A5-26 Piping codes T6-95
Animation Sect. III T2-12, T6-102
Motion U7-21 Sect. III Piping Code T6-102
Animation of dynamic results U9-14 Sect. III subsections nc and nd T6-102
Dynamic animation U9-14 Sect. VIII Division 2 T6-42
Animation U9-15 Section VIII division 2 - elastic
Dynamics review options U9-15 analysis of nozzle T6-42
Animation of static results U7-21 ASME - nozzle analysis T6-45
ANSI ASME Sect. VIII div. 2 elastic nozzle
A58.1 T6-23, T6-26 analysis T6-46
B36.10 T3-6 Australian 1990 database T4-59
B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers T3-6 Auto node number increment T2-14
B36.19 T3-6 Autorun U2-22
Nominal Pipe OD T3-6 Autorun feature U2-2
ANSI B16.5 U12-24 Autorun feature, Re-enabling U2-22
API 560 (fired heaters for general refinery Autosave Time Interval T2-28
services) U12-73 Auxiliary

Data T3-99 B31.8 T6-98
Element data T8-64, T8-65 B31.8 Chapter VIII T6-99
Processors T1-2 Backfill U11-12
Auxiliary data area U5-9 Backfill efficiency U11-12
Auxiliary data fields Background T2-18
Auxiliary screens U5-9 Ball joints A6-5
Expansion joint Bandwidth U6-13
Effective diameter of bellows U5-10 Bandwidth optimizer T3-94
Pressure thrust in expansion joints Base hoop stress T2-10
U5-10 Base pattern T4-18
Auxiliary fields Basic element data T8-62
Boundary conditions T3-24 Basic load cases U6-18
Component information T3-12 Basic loading case T6-5
Imposed loads T3-50 Basic material yield strength T3-60
Piping code data T3-55 Basic operation U3-5
Available commands T3-66, U6-5 Batch mode T7-8
Available space T3-31, T3-77 Batch run U6-2
Axes T2-18 Batch stream processing T7-8
Axial Beams T4-28
Bending T6-80 Fix T4-29
Elastic modulus T2-22 Free T4-29
Expansion stress T6-105 Bellows T3-79, T6-8
Modulus T3-10 Allowed torsion T3-76
Restraint T3-61 Application notes T3-77
Shape function T2-3 Bellows angular stiffness A5-14
Stiffness T6-7 Bellows ID A5-2
Strain Bellows with pressure thrust A5-3
Hoop stress T2-22 Bellows, Simple A5-2
Stress T6-75, T6-79, T6-105 Bellows, Tied A5-4, A5-8
Axial deflection A5-4 Bend
Axial length, Unsupported U12-46 Angle A2-2, A2-3
Axial member force U12-46 Auxiliary input A2-4
Axial strain Definition A2-2
Hoop Stress T2-22 Radius A2-2
Axial tensile strength T6-80, T6-118 Bend data U5-9
Axis Orientation Vertical T4-4 Bend Flexibility Factor A2-14
bend flexibilty factor T3-14
B Bend stress intensification factors U12-5
B31.1 T6-94, T6-111 Bending coefficient U12-42
(post 1980) T2-12 Bending moment, In-plane U12-47
(pre 1980) T2-11 Bending moment, Out-of-plane U12-47
B31.1 reduced z fix T2-13 Bending stiffness T6-7
B31.11 T6-100 Bending stress U12-14
B31.3 T6-95 Bends A2-1, T3-12
B31.3 sustained case SIF factor T2-9 Axial shape T2-3
B16.9 T2-9 Curvature T2-15
B31.4 T6-96 Length attachment percent T2-15
B31.4 Chapter IX T6-97 Miter T3-13
Node T3-22

Radius T3-13, T6-85 Buoyancy force T6-32
Bends with trunnions U12-7 Buried pipe displacements U11-4
Bends, double A2-4 Buried pipe example U11-14
Bends, single-flanged A2-4 Buried pipe restraints U11-3
Bends, stiffened A2-4 Butt weld T3-19, T3-65
Bends, tees T3-107 Button
Bi-directional data transfer link T8-4 Get loads from output file A7-86
Bilinear restraints A3-47 Butt-welded tees T3-19
Bilinear springs U11-10
Bilinear supports A3-47, U11-10 C
Block operations T3-99 Cad interfaces T8-4
Bolt tightening stress U12-23 Cadcentre T8-61
Bolts and gasket U12-21 Cadpipe example transfer T8-8
Bonney forge sweepolets T3-19, T6-91 Cadpipe interface T8-5
Bottom-out A4-15 Cadpipe log T8-13, T8-18
Bottom-out spring A4-23 Cadpipe/CAESAR II data transfer T8-17,
Boundary conditions U5-7, U9-12 T8-18
Bourdon pressure T3-86 CADWorx/PIPE T3-69, 1-3
Boxh T4-9 CADWorx/PIPE database T2-24, T3-68
Boxw T4-9 CADWorx/PIPE directory T3-69
Braces T4-30 CADWorx/PIPE link T8-4
Fix T4-30 CAESAR II
Free T4-30 Fatal error processing T7-10
Branch File guide T9-2
Combined stress T6-76 Initial capabilities (12/84) T10-2
Connections T3-18, T3-19 Log file T8-21
Flexibilities T6-15 Neutral file interface T8-61
Pipe spreadsheet T3-21 Operational (job) data files T9-16
Stress intensification T3-21 Version 1.1s features (2/86) T10-3
Torsional stress T6-76 Version 2.0a features (10/86) T10-4
Branch error T3-86 Version 2.1c features (6/87) T10-5
Break T3-67 Version 2.2b features (9/88) T10-6
Break command A9-26, T3-66 Version 3.0 features (4/90) T10-7
Browse CD Rom U2-15 Version 3.1 features (11/90) T10-8
Browser U2-15 Version 3.15 features (9/91) T10-9
BS 5500 nozzles T3-46 Version 3.16 features (12/91) T10-10
BS 5500 radio button T3-46 Version 3.17 features (3/92) T10-11
BS 7159 T3-10, T3-19, T6-67, T6-75, Version 3.18 features (9/92) T10-12
T6-115 Version 3.19 features (3/93) T10-14
BS 7159 pressure stiffening T2-21 Version 3.20 features (10/93) T10-16
BS 806 T6-106 Version 3.21 changes & enhancements
BS 806 17.3.1 T6-108 (7/94) T10-18
BS-806 U12-6 Version 3.22 changes & enhancements
Building elements T4-15 (4/95) T10-20
Elem, efill, egen, edim T4-15 Version 3.23 changes (3/96) T10-22
Building spectrum load cases T5-25 Version 3.24 changes & enhancements
Building static load cases U6-7 (3/97) T10-23
Building the load cases U3-11 Version 4.00 changes and enhance
Builds, Version 1-6

ments (1/98) T10-26 Code Compliance Report U7-11
Version 4.10 changes and enhance Code stresses for dynamics U9-7
ments (1/99) T10-27 Code-calculated T3-21
Version 4.20 changes and enhance Code-calculated stress T3-22
ments (2/00) T10-28 Code-calculated values T3-20
Version 4.30 changes and enhance Codes T3-56, T6-91
ments (3/01) T10-29 Codes and databases T10-12
CAESAR II interfaces T8-2 Code-specific notes T6-95
CAESAR II Technical Changes P-10 Codeti T6-113
CAESAR II, About P-2 Coefficient of Friction (Mu) T2-5
Caesar.cfg T2-2 Cold
Calculate actual cold loads T3-82 Allowable stress T3-56, T6-97
Can available space T3-31 Load case T6-89
Can design A4-8 Load design T3-29
Can design, Multiple A4-8 Modulus T3-63
Can design, Single A4-4 Spring T3-8, T3-9, T6-4
Canadian Z184 T6-104 Spring element T6-5
Canadian Z662 T6-104 Sustained T6-20
Case U9-18 Cold load T3-38
Center of gravity report U3-11 Cold loads U6-27
Tutorial U3-11 Cold spring A6-8
Change password T2-29 Column reports U7-5
Checking the installation U2-12 Columns T4-32
Chopped strand mat T2-21, T3-12, T6-85, Fix T4-32
T6-118 Free T4-32
Circumferential Combination cases A7-30
(hoop) direction T3-58 Combination load cases U6-18
Stress T6-75 Combination Method U8-18
Weld T3-19 Combination Methods U6-24
Weld joint efficiency T3-57 Combined stress T6-75
Weld strength factor T6-114 Combining independent piping systems
Class 1 T3-94
Flexibility calculations T2-12 Combining static and dynamic results
Intersection flexibilities T6-13 T5-33
Class 1 branch flexibility T2-12, T6-13 Commands T1-2, U6-5
Closely spaced mitered bend A2-8 Compressed formatting T9-9
Closely spaced mode criteria T5-67 Compression T6-71
CNode T3-25, T3-102, T5-46 Computation control T2-3
CNodes A3-6, A3-22, A3-32 Computation Control tab A4-2
Coade technical support T1-3 Computational interfaces T8-79
Coade technical support contact informa- Computed mass flowrate T5-89, T5-93
tion Computervision interface T8-20, T8-21
A1-2 Computervision neutral file T8-20, T8-21
Code Computervision/CAESAR II data transfer
B31.4 Chapter IX T6-97 T8-21, T8-26
B31.8 Chapter VIII T6-99 Concentrated forces U8-2
Compliance T3-56, T6-18, T6-90 Concentric reducer modeling A6-3
Code compliance U8-5 Concentric reducers A6-2

Conclusion T6-89 Create a new units file T2-31
Configuration T1-2, U2-12 Create table T5-24
Program T3-6 Creep rupture design stress value T3-61
Spreadsheets T2-2 Creep rupture stress T3-57
Configuration/setup A7-68 Critical damping T5-68
Configure Cross section area T4-9
/Setup T3-71, T3-108 Crotch radius T3-19
Button T2-2 Cryogenic piping dynamics example A7-36
Configure-setup—geometry A2-3 Cumulative usage U9-8
Connect geometry through CNodes A4-12, Cumulative Usage Report U7-12
T2-14 Current data T6-38
Connecting node displacements A4-10 Current profile T6-32
Connecting nodes A4-10, A7-79, T2-14, Curve boundary T3-40
T3-25, U10-20 Curved pipe T3-19
Conservative cutoff T5-66 Customizable Toolbar U5-3
Constant effort hanger T6-11 Customize Toolbar U5-3
Constant effort support T6-11 Cut long T6-5
Constant effort support design A4-5 Cut short T3-8, T6-5
Constant effort supports A4-6 Cutoff
Constant force value T6-16 See non-conservative, conservative,
Construction design factor T6-105 and optimal T5-66
Construction element U5-6 Cutoff frequency U8-10
Contact information U2-18 Cyclic frequency T5-57
Control Cyclic reduction factor T6-86, T6-96
Keys T3-104 Cyclic reduction factor fields T3-63
Parameters T1-2 Cyclic stress range U8-2
Control information T8-62
Control parameters U8-5, U8-10, U8-13, D
U8-19, U8-26, U8-31 Damped harmonics T5-51
Control stops, Lateral A5-17 Damping T5-50, T5-68, U8-13
Controlling the dynamic solution T5-3 Damping (time history or dsrss) (ratio of
Convergence error T2-4 critical) T5-68
Convert input to new units T2-33 Damping matrix T5-49
Convolutions T3-77 Damping ratio T5-58, T5-75
Coordinate prompts T3-86 Data
Core piping A6-6, A7-75 Directory T3-108
Core piping, Input A7-75 Files T9-4, T9-16
Corroded Set T9-5, T9-6, T9-7
Cases T2-10 Data Export Wizard T8-95
Corroded effective section modulus T6-91 Data fields U5-3
Corroded pipelines, B31G Data matrix interface T8-53, T8-78
Calculating corroded area U12-28 Data processing - stat T4-45
Flaw Length U12-28 Database definitions T2-23
Corroded stress calculations T6-96 database management T8-86
Corrosion T2-10, T3-7 Decomposition singularity tolerance T2-5,
Covers T3-80 T5-79
Cpu time used T7-2 Default code T2-7
Crane database T2-24, T3-68 Default restraint stiffness T2-6

Default rotational restraint stiffness T2-6 Stress range A8-27
Default spring hanger table T2-24 Vector A3-4, T5-49, T5-58
Default translational restraint stiffness T2-6 Displacement load case U6-26
Defaulting to Z-AxisVertical T3-90 Displacement submenu U7-17
Defining a Model T6-130 Displacements T3-49, U5-12, U7-6, U9-5
Definition of a load case U6-16 Displacements, Non-zero A3-3
Deformation A6-6 Distance to opposite-side stiffener or head
Delete T3-100, T4-3 T3-42, T3-48
Delta x T3-3 Distance to stiffener or head T3-42, T3-48
Delta y T3-3 DLF curves T5-85
Delta z T3-3 DLF spectrum A7-12
Dens T4-7 DLF spectrum files A7-23
Densities U5-8 DLF spectrum generator U8-23
Density T2-37, T3-11 Does the vent pipe have an umbrella fitting
Depth-decay function T6-37 (y/n) T5-87
Design Double angle spacing U12-46
CADWorx/PIPE 1-3 Double sum method (DSRSS) T5-74
Design strain T2-21, T6-75 Double-acting restraint (rotational) A3-18
Design stress T3-58 Double-acting restraints A3-17
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) T6-120, T6-123 Double-acting restraints (translational)
Diagnostics menu U4-9 A3-17
Diagnostics-error review T7-10 Drag coefficient T6-40
Diagonal damping matrix T5-58 Driving frequencies U8-5
Diagonal stiffness matrix T5-58 Driving frequency T5-82, T5-84
Diameter T3-6 Dual gimbal A5-29
Diameter field T3-6 Dummy leg on bends, Horizontal A3-40
Diffraction effects T6-37 Dummy leg, Vertical A3-36
Direction T5-11, T5-14, T5-25, T5-38, Duplicate T3-100
T5-43 Duplicate dialog box T3-100
Directional combination method T5-77 Dx T3-3
DIRECTIVE DATA T5-34 DXF Autocad interface T8-4
Directory structure T9-2 DXF file T8-4
Disable “File Open” Graphic Thumbnail Dy T3-3
T2-28 Dynamic
Disable Undo/Redo Ability T2-28 Analyses T5-61
Discharge nozzle A9-8, A9-22 Analysis input T5-2
Disclaimer - CAESAR II P-4 Control parameters T1-2
Discontiguous systems A7-79 Displacement criteria T5-82
Disp U6-22 Earthquake T6-23
Disp/Force/Stress U6-22 Earthquake loading T3-88
Disp/Stress U6-22 Equation of motion T5-49
Displaced shape T2-18 Example input text T2-27
Displacement T3-49, T5-14 Input T1-2
Components T6-48 Input processor T5-47
Loads T6-4 Load T5-3
Range T6-18 Load factor T5-52, T5-54, T5-63,
Report A7-16, A7-30 T8-80, T8-85
Reports T2-26 Load factor spectrum T5-56

Loads T5-51 Harmonic results U9-2
Problem T5-51 General results U9-3
Dynamic amplitude U8-2 Included mass data U9-11
Dynamic analysis A7-58 % Force active U9-12
Dynamic analysis input processor U8-6 % Force added U9-12
Dynamic analysis types U8-7 % Mass included U9-11
Dynamic input commands U8-8 Extracted modes U9-11
Initiating dynamic input U8-6 Missing mass correction U9-11
Prerequisites for dynamic input U8-6 System response U9-11
Dynamic analysis of independent support Local forces, dynamics U9-6
earthquake excitation A7-36 Mass model U9-12
Dynamic analysis of water hammer loads Lumped masses U9-12
A7-20 Mass participation factors U9-9
Dynamic animation U9-14 Modes mass normalized U9-10
Dynamic capabilities Modes unity normalized U9-10
Harmonic analysis U8-2 Natural frequencies U9-10
Concentrated forces U8-2 Report types, dynamics
Cyclic stress range U8-2 Displacements, dynamic output U9-5
Dynamic amplitude U8-2 Report options U9-5
Equipment start-up U8-2 Restraints, dynamics U9-5
Fluid pulsation U8-2 Maximum load on restraints U9-5
Forcing frequencies U8-2 Maximum modal contribution U9-5
Phase angle U8-2 Mode identification line U9-5
Rotating equipment U8-2 Spectrum results U9-3
Vibration U8-2 Static/dynamic combinations U9-3
Modal analysis U8-2 Stresses, dynamics U9-7
Mode shapes U8-2 Code stresses for dynamics U9-7
Natural frequency U8-2 Stress intensification factors U9-7
Spectrum analysis U8-2 Stress report U9-7
Impulse analysis U8-2 Time history results U9-3
Relief valve U8-2 Dynamic responses U8-3
Response spectrum method U8-2 Dz T3-3
Response vs. frequency spectra U8-2
Sustained stresses in spectrum analysis E
U8-2 Earthquake
Time history analysis U8-3 Effects T5-3
Dynamic capabilities in CAESAR II U8-2 Load T5-53
Dynamic control parameters T5-47 Load magnitudes T6-23
Dynamic imbalance U8-12 Loads T3-88
Dynamic load case number U8-18 Spectrum T5-68
Dynamic load factor U8-20 Static load cases T6-23
Dynamic load specification U8-5 Earthquake (spectrum) U8-14
Dynamic output processor U9-2 Earthquake excitation, Independent support
Boundary conditions U9-12 A7-36
Friction resistance U9-12 Earthquake input spectrum
Nonlinear restraints U9-12 Spectrum Defintions
Forces/stresses, dynamics U9-8 Response spectrum table U8-14
Global forces, dynamics U9-7 Shock definition U8-14

Spectrum data U8-14 Rotation T3-100
Spectrum name U8-14 Element Direction Cosines U5-4
Spectrum load cases Element information
Earthquake U8-16 Displaying T3-106
El Centro earthquake data U8-17 Element length U11-4
Independent support motion Element lengths U5-4
U8-17 Elemental volume plots T3-108
Spectrum load cases example U8-17 Elevation T6-28
Static/dynamic combinations Elevation table entry T6-26
ABS U8-18 Enable Autosave T2-28
Combination method U8-18 Enable Data Export to ODBC-Compliant
Hanger sizing for dynamics U8-18 Databases
Occasional allowable stress U8-18 T2-24
Occasional dynamic stresses U8-18 End connection information T4-26
Occasional Stress U8-18 End connections U10-7
Piping codes for earthquakes U8-18 Ending frequency T5-8
SRSS U8-18 Endurance limit T5-52
Sustained static stresses U8-18 Entering the dynamic analysis input menu
Earthquakes U8-24 U8-6
Eccentric reducer modeling A6-4 Entire agreement P-3
Eccentric reducers A6-2 Entity information T8-14
Edit menu U5-24 Entry into the processor U9-2
Eff, cf, z T2-37 Entry into the static output processor U7-2
Effective diameter U5-10 EQP toolbar A9-10
Effective gasket modulus U12-24 Equation
Effective ID T3-16 for pipe under complete axial restraint
Efill T4-16 T3-62
Egen T4-18 for stress T3-61
Eigensolution A7-4, T5-57, U8-5 Modeling T6-108
Eigensolver U8-33, U8-34 Equipment and component evaluation
Eigensolver algorithm T5-54 U12-2
Eigenvalue T5-57 Bend SIFs
Eigenvalues T5-79 Trunnion U12-6
EJMA (expansion joint manufacturers Bends with trunnions
association) Trunnions U12-7
U12-33 Equipment checks U12-2
El centro U8-15 Flanges attached to bend ends
Elastic BS-806 U12-6
Modulus T2-38, T3-61, T3-62, T3-63, Flexibility U12-6
T6-84 Ovalization U12-6
Elastic analyses of nozzles T6-44 Intersection SIFs U12-3
Elbows - different wall thickness A2-13 Pressure stiffening
Elbows, pressure-balanced A5-31 Flexibility factor U12-6
Elem T4-15 Stress intensification factor U12-6
Element Stress concentrations and intensifications
Duplication T3-100 Peak stress index U12-7
List T3-99 Stress concentration factor U12-7
Offsets T3-5 Trunnion U12-7

Equipment report A9-10 Excitation frequency U8-11
Equipment start-up U8-2 Exclude f2 from UKOOA Bending Stress
Equipment vibration T5-4 T2-22
Equivalent stress failure T6-71 Exe files - required T9-3
Equivalent wind pressure T6-26 Executing static analysis U3-13
Error checking U6-2 Execution of static analysis U6-12
Commands, error checking U6-5 Existing file to start from T2-32
Errors, warnings, and notes U6-2 Exit U2-19
Error checking the model U3-10 Exit pipe end flow conditions T5-94
Error code definitions T8-13, T8-14 Exp. coeff. T2-38
Error handling and analyzing the job U8-33 Expansion
Errors Allowable T6-95, T6-105, T6-106
Errors and warnings U3-10 Case allowable stress T3-63
ESL U2-9, U8-33 Coefficient T2-38, T3-63
ESL drivers U2-17 Load case T6-89
ESL installation on a network U2-20 Stress T3-62, T6-18
ESL menu U4-10 Stress allowable T3-61
Evaluating vessel stresses T6-42 Stress range T6-18, T6-19
Example T4-17, T4-19, T4-25, T4-29, Expansion joint U5-7, U5-10, U5-28
T4-31, Expansion joint design notes T3-76
T4-33, T4-34, T4-36, T4-38, T4-41, T8-80, Expansion joint end-types T3-77
T8-82 Expansion joint rating A5-4, A5-10,
Dynamic analysis A7-58 U12-33
Dynamic analysis (nureg9) A7-58 Ejma U12-33
Dynamic analysis of independent Maximum axial movement U12-33
support Maximum lateral deflection U12-33
earthquake excitation A7-36 Maximum rotation U12-33
Dynamic analysis of water hammer Output U12-36
loads A7-20 Expansion joints A5-1, A5-2, A5-6, A5-8,
Dynamic analysis of water hammer A5-10, T2-24, T3-16, T3-85, T6-7
loads (hammer) A7-20 Database T2-24
Harmonic analysis A7-2 Model T3-71, T3-75
Harmonic analysis (table) A7-2 Modeler T3-71, T3-75
Jacketed piping A7-72 Styles T3-78
Jacketed piping (jacket) A7-72 Expansion joints and rigids T3-106
Natural frequency analysis A7-2 Expansion load case A7-86
NEMA SM23 A7-95 Expansion load cases U3-11, U6-26
Omega loop modeling A7-66 Expansion stresses A8-27
Omega loop modeling (omega) A7-66 Exponential format T3-4
Relief valve loads A7-7 Extended
Relief valve loads (relief) A7-7 Operating conditions T3-8, T3-9
Structural analysis A7-47 Range T3-29
Structural analysis (frame) A7-47 External interface T8-2
WRC 107 A7-82 External software lock A8-5
Example problem of a multiple load-case ESL updating U4-10
spring-hanger design T3-35 Local ESL U2-20
Example transfer T8-29 Network ESL U2-20
Excel T8-86 Extracted T2-3
Extracted mode shapes T6-47

Extracted modes U9-11 T10-9
F Flange leakage/stress calculations U12-19
Flange leakage U12-19
Fac T2-38, T3-61 Methodology U12-19
Factor T5-25, T5-33 Flange rating
Fatal error dialog U6-3 ANSI B16.5 U12-24
Fatigue API 605 U12-24
Analysis of piping systems T6-52 Rating Tables U12-24
Analysis using CAESAR II T6-51 Leak pressure ratio
Basics T6-51 Gasket Factor U12-24
Capabilities in dynamic analysis T6-62 Flange modeler U12-24
Curve data T3-65 Flange rating U12-24
Cycle T3-59 Flanged ends T3-68
Evaluations T3-65 Flanges attached to bend ends U12-6
Factor T3-59 Flaw length U12-28
Test T6-91 Flexibilities T6-46
Fatigue (FAT) U6-8, U6-17 Flexibility
Fatigue curve U5-15 Analysis T3-63
Fatigue curve data U5-16 Factor T2-20, T3-10, T3-13, T6-85
Fatigue curve dialog U5-16 Matrix T6-18
Fatigue failure U9-8 Orientation T3-47
Fatigue load cases U9-8 Flexible anchors A3-5
Fatigue loadings U7-12 Flexible anchors with predefined displace-
Fatigue stress types U6-8, U8-11, U8-17, ments A3-6
U9-8 Flexible nozzle (WRC bulletin 297) A3-8
Fatigue-type load cases U7-12 Flexible nozzle w/ complete vessel model
FDBR T6-115 A3-12
Fetch length T6-29 Flexible nozzle w/ predefined displace-
Fiberglass reinforced plastic T2-20, T3-10, ments A3-11
T3-12, T3-86, T6-90, T6-115 Flexible nozzles U5-19
Fiber-matrix composite T6-69 Fluid
File menu U4-3, U5-22 Bulk modulus T5-93
File-Cleanup/Delete Files A9-34 Density T3-11, T5-93
Files Hammer T5-6
-Clean up T9-2 Loads T6-32
Compatibility T6-9 Fluid pulsation U8-2
Files-accounting T7-7 Fn T3-59
Fillet T3-19 Force T5-11, T5-24, T5-38, T5-58, U6-22
Fillet weld T3-65 Orthogonalization after convergence
Final CAESAR II data T8-17 T5-81
Finite length expansion joints T3-16 Sets T5-59
Fitting Spectrum T5-6
Flexibility factor T2-20 Spectrum analysis T5-56
Outside radius T3-18 Spectrum name T5-23
Thickness T3-14 Force orthogonalization after convergence
Fixity coefficients ky and kz U12-46 (y/n) T5-81
Fixity coefficients, AISC U12-46 Force response spectrum definitions T5-23
Flange database T3-67 Force set # T5-26, T5-39
Flange leakage and stress calculations Force sets A7-12, U8-5, U8-24, U8-28,

U8-30 T3-89
Force spectrum methodology U8-20 FRP flexibilities T2-20
Force Stress U6-22 FRP sif T2-20
Forces T3-50, T3-76, U5-13 Ftg ro T3-18
Forces and moments T3-50 Full run 1-9
Forces at elbows T5-6
Forces, moments, displacements T3-107 G
Forces/moments submenu U7-18
Forces/moments, Conversion to WRC 107 G T4-7
local axes A7-83 Gap T3-27
Forces/stresses U9-8 Gas thrust load calculations A7-9
Force-time profiles U8-28, U8-29 Gasket factor U12-24
Forcing frequency U8-2, U8-34 Gas-specific heats T5-87
Form factor QA U12-42 General notes T8-12
Free General properties T4-3
Anchor/restraint at node T3-36 Generalized modal coordinates T6-48
Code T3-37 Generate files U6-5
End connections T4-26 Generating input, Tutorial A8-5
Free code option A4-13 Generation of the CAESAR II configuration
French petrochemical code T6-20 file T2-2
Frequency U8-13 Generic database T3-68
Array spaces T5-81 Generic neutral files T8-61
Cutoff T5-63, T5-65 Geninc T4-19
Frequency cutoff A7-4, U8-33 Genincto T4-19
Friction Genlast T4-19
Angle variation T2-4 Geometry directives T2-14
Coefficient T3-27 German 1991 database T4-57
Normal force variation T2-4 Get loads from output
Restraint stiffness T2-4 Button A9-9, A9-22
Slide multiplier T2-5 Gimbal T3-79
Stiffness T2-4 Gimbal joint A5-23
Stiffness factor T5-62 Girth butt weld T6-91
Friction effects U8-4 Glass reinforced plastics T6-67
Friction Multiplier U6-23 Global
Friction resistance U9-12 Editing T3-99
Friction restraints U8-4 Level T3-34
Friction stiffness U8-4 Load vector T6-16
FRP Stiffness matrix T6-10
Alpha T2-22 X direction T3-3
Analysis T6-82 Y direction T3-3
Coefficient of thermal expansion Z direction T3-3
T3-89 Global element forces U7-7
Data T9-5 Global forces U9-7
Laminate type T2-21, T3-89 Global parameters U12-40
Modulus of elasticity T2-22 Global restraints - fix T4-34
Pipe density T2-22 Gram-schmidt orthogonalizations T5-80
Pipe properties T2-20 Graphical output U7-16
Property data file T2-21 Graphics updates T10-8
Ratio of shear modulus/emod axial Gravitational acceleration constant T6-23

Gravitational loading T3-88 Restrained weight U6-26
Gravity loads - gloads T4-39 Spring hanger design U6-27
Grinnell springs T3-29 Hanger sizing U6-27, U8-18
Group modal combination method T5-67 Hanger table with text A9-29
Grouping method T5-73 Hangers A4-1, T3-28, T3-106
Grp piping T6-67 Hangers/nozzles T2-17
Grp piping offshore T6-75 Hardware requirements U2-3
Guides A3-20 Harmonic T5-4, U8-11, U8-34
Analysis A7-2, A7-4, T5-49, T5-51,
H T5-82,T6-28
Displacements T5-14
Hanger U5-20, U6-27 Equation T5-49
Algorithm T6-10 Force data A7-5
Auxiliary data field T3-24 Forces and displacements T5-11
Between two pipes A4-12 Load T5-82, T5-83
Data A4-3, T3-81 Load vector T5-49
Default restraint stiffness T2-6 Loads A7-2
Design A4-2, A4-11, T6-9 Method T5-4
Design algorithm T6-10 Profile T5-4
Design control dialog T6-11 Harmonic analysis U8-2, U8-5
Design control spreadsheet T3-33, Harmonic analysis input
T3-81 Harmonic displacements U8-12
Design with anchors A4-13 Harmonic forces U8-11
Design with anchors in the vicinity Harmonic load definition U8-11
A4-13 Excitation frequency U8-11
Design with support thermal move- Phasing of harmonic loads
ment A4-11 Damping U8-13
Design with user-specified operating Frequency U8-13
load A4-14 Harmonic control parameters U8-13
Hot loads T6-9 Harmonic force U8-13
Run control spreadsheet T3-29 Pressure wave U8-12
Sizing algorithm A8-26, T6-9 Reciprocating pumps U8-12
Supported from vessel A4-10 Rotating equipment U8-12
Table T3-28, T3-83 Harmonic control parameters U8-13
Travel T6-9 Harmonic displacements U8-12
Type restraint T3-26 Harmonic force U8-11, U8-13
Hanger assembly, Trapeze A4-8 Harmonic loads U8-11
Hanger available space T3-31 Harmonic results U8-35, U9-2
Hanger Design U6-23 Harmonic stress U8-35
Hanger design control data U5-30 Header stress intensification T3-21
Hanger design, Simple A4-3 Heat exchangers U12-66
Hanger selection HEI standard for closed feedwater heaters
Actual cold loads U6-27 U12-71
Additional hanger U6-27 Help menu U4-11
Design load cases U6-27 Help screen T3-4
Hanger sizing load cases U6-27 Help screens and units T3-3
Hot load U6-26 Highlight command U5-37, U5-45
Operating load cases U6-27 Highlights T2-18, T3-107
Recommended load cases U6-27 Hinge joint, Slotted A5-20, A5-21

Hinged T3-78 Ignore spring hanger stiffness T2-6
Hinged joint A5-18 Implementation of macro-level analysis for
Hinges, plastic A3-52 piping systems T6-75
Hoop Importance factor T6-24, T6-27
Direction T3-58 Imposed stresses T6-68
Elastic modulus T2-22 Impulse T5-6, U8-26
Modulus T3-10 Impulse analysis U8-2
Stress T3-62, T6-75, T6-79 Impulse profile T5-6
Stress value T2-11 Inccrement T4-16, T4-19, T4-27, T4-38,
Hoops U5-39 T4-40
Hoops license grant 1-5 Include
Horizontal thermal bowing tolerance T2-15 Missing mass components T5-76
Horizontal threshold value T2-16 Missing mass components (y/n) T5-76
Hot Piping input files T3-94
Allowable stress T3-58, T3-59, T6-96 Pseudostatic (anchor movement)
Hanger loads T3-37 components T5-76
Load T3-29, T6-9 Include Spring Stiffness in Hanger OPE
Load design T3-30 Travel Cases T2-6
Modulus T3-63 Included force T5-65
Sustained T6-20 Included mass T5-63
Hot load U6-26 Included mass data U9-11
Html help facility U2-16 Including Structural Models T3-97
Huber-von mises-hencky criterion T6-71 Including the Spring Hanger Stiffness in the
Hydrodynamic loading of piping systems Design Algorithm T6-11
T6-29 Inclusion of missing mass correction during
Hydrodynamic loads T6-32 spectral analysis results T6-47
Hydrostatic pressure T6-118 Incmatid T4-17, T4-19
Hydrostatic strength T6-80, T6-118 Incore numerical check T2-5
Incore solution U6-12
I Increment T4-24, T5-8, T5-12, T5-44
Incsecid T4-17, T4-19
ID manifold piping T5-92 Incto T4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38,
ID of relief valve orifice T5-86 T4-41
ID of relief valve piping T5-86 Independent shock T5-71
ID of vent stack piping T5-86 Independent support motion A7-58, T5-56,
ID relief exit piping T5-92 T5-76, U8-17
ID relief orifice or rupture disk opening Independent support motion applications
T5-92 T5-55
ID supply header T5-92 Independent support motion load cases
Idealized T5-77
Allowable stress envelope T3-59 Index numbers, structural steel input U10-5
Envelope of combinations T6-79 Inertia coefficient T6-40
Stress envelope T6-88 In-plane bending moment T6-76, U12-47
Identical results T2-2 In-plane large bending moment U12-47
IEEE 344-1975 T5-71 In-plane small bending moment U12-47
I-factors T6-81 In-plane stress intensification T3-22,
IGE/TD/12 T6-119, U5-5, U5-16 T6-106
IGE/tD/12 code T3-7, T3-14, T3-65 Input

Constant effort supports A4-6 Intersection model T3-17
Data A9-6 Intersection stress intensification factors
Data cells T3-3, T3-56 U12-3
Dynamic T9-16 Intersections T3-19
Echo T3-103 Iso T8-4
Fields T1-2 Ixx T4-9
Graphics T3-104 Iyy T4-9
Review A8-20
Session A8-25 J
Soil T9-16
Static T9-16 Jacket, Input A7-76, A7-80
Structural T9-16 Jacketed pipe A6-6
Structural steel A7-48 Jacketed piping A7-72
Input items optionally effecting sif Jacketed piping systems A7-72
calculations T3-18 Jacobi sweep tolerance T5-79
Input listing T3-102, U9-12 Jacobus T8-61
Input menu U4-5 JIS nominal pipe od T3-6
Input overview based on analysis category JIS pipe schedule T3-7
U8-9 Joint endtypes T3-75
Input plotting T3-104
Input presentation - plot, list, stat T4-42 K
Insert T4-3
Insert weldolets T3-19 Kaux T3-94
Installation U2-2, U2-4 Kaux menu U5-32
Installation directory T2-2 Kaux menu items
Installation menu options U2-4 Include Piping Input Files U5-34
Installation process U2-4 Include structural input files U5-35
Installed load T6-10 Review sifs U5-32
Installed load case T6-10 Review SIFs at Bend Node U5-32
Installed weight T6-10 Special execution parameters U5-32
Insul thk T3-7 Kaux-include structural files U10-7
Insulation T3-7 Keulegan-carpenter number T6-34
Insulation density T3-11, U5-9 K-Factor T3-14
Interfaces T1-2 K-factor A2-14
Interfaces added T10-12 Kinematic viscosity T6-40
Intergraph Korean 1990 database T4-62
Data T8-42
Interface T8-26 L
Intergraph data after bend modifications
T8-46 Labels T2-18
Intergraph data after element sort T8-39 Laminate
Intergraph data after tee/cross modifications Properties T6-73
T8-40 Type T2-21, T3-12, T3-89, T6-85,
Intergraph data after valve modifications T6-86
T8-41 Last T4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38,
Intergraph interface T8-23 T4-41
Intermodal correlation coefficient T5-74 Lateral bearing length U11-4
Internet Explorer U2-16 Lateral deflection A5-4
Interpolation parameters T2-5 Lateral force T6-23

Layout of nodes A7-73 U5-20, U5-23, U6-7, U6-8, U6-
Leak pressure ratio U12-24 12, U6-13, U6-14, U6-16, U6-18,
Lease 1-9 U6-20, U6-26, U7-2, U7-3, U7-4,
Length of manifold piping T5-93 U7-12, U7-14, U7-16, U7-17,
Length of relief exit piping T5-93 U7-20, U7-21, U8-11, U8-15,
Length of the vent stack T5-86 U8-26, U8-35, U9-3, U9-5, U9-8,
Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable T2-10 U9-9, U9-10, U9-11, U9-15,
Liberal stress allowable T3-87 U10-7, U10-28,U12-12
License agreement, CAESAR II 1-2 Basic load cases U3-12
License grant 1-2 Combination load cases U3-12, U6-18
License types Example of load cases U6-18
Full run 1-9 Expansion load case U6-26
Lease 1-9 Occasional load cases U6-26
Limited run 1-9 Operating load cases U6-26
Lift coefficient T6-40 Recommended load cases U3-11
Lift force T6-32 Stress category U6-16
Lift-off A4-15 Stress types U6-17
Limit stops A3-22 Sustained load case U6-26
Limitations of remedies 1-3 Types of load cases U3-12
Limited run 1-9 Types of loads U6-16
Limited warranty 1-3 Load cycles U6-18
Line Load duration (time history or dsrss
Pressure T5-86 method) T5-67
Temperature T5-86 Load vector
Line drawing U5-37, U5-45 Applied T5-49
Liners T3-80 Load, Ultimate U11-10
LIQT interface T8-79 Loading conditions U5-7
LIQT nodes T8-79 Loads T4-36
Liquid vent system T5-91 Loads, Large A7-72
LISP T8-4 Local Coordinate Definitions T6-132
List T4-43 Local Coordinates T6-123
List option T3-98 Local Coordinates Frequently Asked
List utility T3-95 Question T6-141
List/edit facility T3-98 Local element forces U7-8
Listing T9-17 Local flexibilities T6-13
Load Local forces U9-6
Duration T5-67, T5-75 Local member data U12-44
Forcing frequency T5-68 Local stresses T6-42
Profiles T5-59 Location factor T6-105
Range T3-29 Log file T8-23
Vector T6-48 Longitudinal
Load case T5-33 Design stress T6-86
Load case list U6-8 Stress T2-11, T6-75
Load Case Options Tab U6-21 Longitudinal weld joint efficiency T3-56
Load Case Report U7-13 Loop closure tolerance T2-15, T3-86
Load cases U3-2, U3-14, U5-6, U5-7, Lumped masses U8-9

Materials T3-9, T3-79
Macro-level analysis T6-73 Matid T4-6, T4-17, T4-19
Main menu U4-2 Max U6-25
Analysis Max. no. of Eigenvalues calculated T5-62
Menu items U4-6 Maximum
File U3-2 Shear theory T2-8
Default data directory U4-3 Maximum allowed bend angle T2-15
Input file types U4-4 Maximum allowed travel limit T3-33,
New command U4-3 T3-83
Open command U4-4 Maximum desired unity check U12-43
Select an existing job file U4-4 Maximum table frequency T5-23
Input Mechanical resonances T5-82
Data entry U3-6 Member data, Local U12-44
Input menu items U4-5 Member end node U12-44
Main show menu U7-17 Member start node U12-44
Major steps in dynamics input U8-5 Member type U12-44
Make units file T2-30 Member weight load T4-38
Manifold pipe end flow conditions T5-94 Membrane stress U12-14
Manifold piping T5-92 Memory allocated T2-27
Marine growth T6-37 Menu
Markl T6-112 Accounting T7-3
Mass T5-43 Items T1-2
Flowrate T5-89, T5-93 Menu commands U5-22
Matrix T5-49 Methods for modeling dummy legs on
Mass and stiffness model U8-5 bends A3-36
Mass and stiffness model, Modifying Miche limit T6-31
U8-13,U8-19, U8-26, U8-28, U8-31 Micro
Mass correction, Missing U9-11 -Level analysis T6-67
Mass model U8-9, U9-12 Scale T6-68
Mass participation factors U8-35, U9-9 Mill tol % T3-7
Mass participation report A7-14, A7-30 Mill tolerance T3-7
Material Min U6-25
- Add T2-35 Mini-level analysis T6-72
- Delete T2-35 Minimum
- Edit T2-35 Allowed bend angle T2-15
Coefficient of thermal expansion T4-7 Angle to adjacent bend T2-15
Database T2-35, T9-2 Temperature curve T2-38
Density T4-7 Wall mill tolerance T2-6
Files T2-21 Yield strength T3-61
ID number T4-6 Yield stress T3-61
Identification T4-6 Minimum desired unity check U12-43
Name T3-9 Miscellaneous T2-26, T10-9
Properties T3-10 Changes T10-12
Material elastic properties U5-8 Data group T8-71
Material fatigue curve U5-15 Modifications T10-8
Material Fatigue Curves T3-65 Missing
Material name U5-8 Mass T5-63, T6-47
Material number U5-8 Mass combination method T5-77
Material yield strength U12-42, U12-46 Mass correction T5-76

Mass data report T6-49 U8-3
Mass ZPA T2-3 Dynamic responses, nonlinear effects
Missing mass correction A7-29, U9-11 U8-3
Miter points T3-13 Nonlinear supports U8-3
Mitered bend, evenly spaced A2-7 Static load case for nonlinear restraint
Mitered bend, widely spaced A2-10 U8-3
Mitered bends A2-7 Specifying loads U8-5
Miters T3-13 Code compliance U8-5
Miters, closely spaced A2-7 Driving frequencies U8-5
Modal U8-9 Dynamic load specification U8-5
Combination method T5-72 Force set specification U8-5
Combinations T5-72 Harmonic analysis U8-5
Components T5-71 Load cases U8-5
Extraction T5-52, T5-57 Natural frequencies U8-5
Matrix T6-47 Occasional stresses U8-5
Modal analysis U8-2 Point loads U8-5
Modal analysis input Shock results U8-5
Control parameters Static results U8-5
Cutoff frequency U8-10 Model rotation, panning, and zooming
Modes of vibration U8-10 T3-104
Lumped masses U8-9 Model-break A9-26
Modes of vibration U8-9 Modeling dummy legs on bends A3-36
Natural frequencies U8-9 Modeling friction effects T6-16
System response U8-9 Modeling plan A7-73
Mass model U8-9 Modeling reducers A6-2
Modes of vibration U8-9 Modeling techniques T1-2
Natural frequencies U8-9 Modeling, Guidelines A9-12
System response U8-9 Models, Complex A5-4
Mode identification line U9-5 Models, Miscellaneous A6-1
Mode shape T5-57, T5-60, T5-82 Models, Simple A5-4
Mode shapes U8-2, U8-34 Modes U8-33
Model - expansion joint menu T3-72 Modes mass normalized U9-10
Model menu U5-27 Modes of vibration T5-54, U8-9, U8-10,
Model menu items U8-33
Expansion joints U5-28 Modes unity normalized U9-10
Hanger design control data U5-30 Modified theories T6-37
Title U5-29 Modifying mass and stiffness model U8-13,
Valve U5-28 U8-19, U8-26, U8-28, U8-31
Model modifications for dynamic analysis Modifying mass lumping T5-43
U8-3 Modulus of elasticity T3-10, T6-69, T6-72
Control parameter U8-5 Modulus ratio T3-63
Dynamics U8-5 Moments T3-50, T3-76
Conversion from static input Morrison’s equation T6-32
U8-5 Motion U7-21
Mass and stiffness model U8-5 Movement capability T3-77
Friction effects U8-4 Multi-degree-of-freedom system T5-68
Friction restraints U8-4 Multiple load case design T3-34, T3-84
Friction stiffness U8-4
Nonlinear restraints in dynamics N

Nominal pipe schedules T3-6
N1 T4-13, T4-16, T4-18, T4-24, T4-26, T4- Nominal pipe size U5-5
37, T4-40 Non-conservative cutoff T5-66
Name T3-3, T4-8, T5-17 Nonlinear
Name of the converted file T2-34 Code compliance T6-18
Name of the input file to convert T2-33 Piping code compliance T6-18
Name of the units file to use T2-33 Restraint T6-18
Natural frequencies U8-5, U8-9, U8-33, Nonlinear effects U8-3
U9-10 Nonlinear restraint status U8-3
Natural frequency T5-57 Nonlinear restraints T6-19, U6-14, U9-12
Navy 505 T6-107 Nonlinear supports U8-3
Near/Far Point Method A3-36 Non-zero displacements A3-3
NEMA A7-95 Norwegian T6-115
NEMA SM23 Norwegian code T6-115
Steam turbines Note dialog U6-5
Cumulative equipment calcula- Notes on Occasional Load Cases T6-21
tions, NEMA SM23 U12-50 Notes on Printing or Saving Reports to a
NEMA SM23 (Steam Turbines) U12-50 File U7-14
NEMA turbine example U12-51 Novell file server ESL installation U2-20
Network ESLs U2-21 Novell workstation ESL installation U2-20
Neutral file T8-78 Nozzle
Neutral file interface T8-61 /Vessel analysis T6-45
Neutral file transfer T8-2 Auxiliary data field T3-24, T3-39,
New units file name T2-32 T3-44
Nfill T4-12 Flexibilities T3-24
Ngen T4-13 NOZZLE CALCULATIONS U12-50
No rft/wlt in reduced fitting sifs T2-13 Nozzle data U12-12
No. hangers at location T3-33 Nozzle diameter T3-42, T3-45, T3-47
No. of hanger-design operating load cases Nozzle flexibility U12-18
T3-82 Nozzle flexibility - WRC 297 T3-39
No. of iterations per shift (0-pgm com- Nozzle load summation report A7-100
puted) T5-80 Nozzle loads A9-22, U12-13
No. to converge before shift allowed (0-not Nozzle node number T3-41, T3-44, T3-47
used) T5-80 Nozzle results for pt69m A7-99
Nodal coordinate data T8-77 Nozzle screen U12-17
Nodal degree of freedom A3-3 Nozzle spreadsheet A3-12
Nodal displacements T6-16 Nozzle wall thickness T3-42, T3-45
Node T2-15, T3-13, T3-25, T4-11, T5-38, Nozzles T3-106
T5-45 NRC
Number T3-3, T3-13, T3-20, T3-25 Benchmark problems A7-58
Numbers T3-107 Spectrum example A7-58
Node fields A2-2 NRC example NUREG9 A7-58
Node Names U5-21 Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.92 T5-72
Node number T3-3 Number formats T3-4
Node numbers U5-3 Number of points in the table T5-23
Nodes T2-17, T3-101 Number to converge before shift allowed
Nodes in space T4-11 T5-80
Nominal pipe OD T3-6
O

Vertical T3-93
Occasional Orifice flow conditions T5-94
Allowable T6-95, T6-105, T6-106 Ortho T8-4
Load factor T2-7, T2-8, T6-96 Orthogonal T3-27
Occasional dynamic stresses U8-18 Orthotropic material model T6-83
Occasional load case A7-86 Other Global Coordinate Systems T6-124
Occasional load cases U6-26 Other Notes on Hanger Sizing T6-11
Occasional stress U8-2, U8-5, U8-18 Out-of-core eigensolver (y/n) T5-81
Ocean currents T6-34 Out-of-plane bending moment U12-47
Ocean wave particulars T6-30 Out-of-plane large bending moment U12-47
Ocean waves T6-29 Out-of-plane small bending moment
ODBC T8-86, T8-93 U12-47
ODBC drivers U2-15 Outplane bending moment T6-76
Off-diagonal coefficients T2-5 Outplane stress intensification T6-106
Offset element method A3-36 Output T9-17
Offset gimbal A5-25 Plotting U7-16
Offset gimbal joint A5-27 Processor T5-59
Offsets U5-21 Reports by load case T2-26
Offsetting T6-4 Table of contents T2-26
Old spring A4-9 Output from the liquid relief load synthe-
Old spring redesign A4-9 sizer T5-93
Omega loop A7-66 Output menu U4-7
Omega loop modeling A7-66 Output reports by load case T2-26
On Curvature Method A3-36 Output table of contents T2-26
On-diagonal coefficient T2-5 Output Type U6-22
Online documentation U2-19 Output-view animation A7-4
Operating Ovalization, bends U12-6
Allowable T6-105 Overburden compaction multiplier U11-12
Analysis T6-18 Overview T1-2, T4-2
Case T6-9
Case vertical displacement T6-9 P
Load case T6-87
Load field T3-34 Pad thk T3-18
Loads T3-30, T3-34 Panning U5-36
Pressure T3-64 Partition of y matrix T6-48
Temperature T3-62 PD/4t T2-11
Thermal cases T3-34 PDMS T8-61
Operating conditions Peak pressure T3-64
Temperatures and pressures U5-5 Peak stress index U12-7
Operating load cases U6-26 Percent of iterations per shift before
Operating load, User-specified A4-14 orthogonalization
Optimal cutoff T5-66 T5-81
Ordinate T5-22 Performing the analysis U8-33
Orient T4-24 Period T5-57
Orienting a Piping model to Z-axis Vertical Phase T5-12, T5-14
T3-91 Phase angle T5-12, T5-14, U8-2, U8-12,
Orienting a Structural Model to Z-Axis U8-34
Vertical T3-92 Phasing U8-12
Orienting an Equipment Model to Z-Axis

Pipe Thermal strains U5-6
Density T3-10, T3-11 Piping input generation U3-5
Element exposed area T6-26 Piping job U10-7
Element spreadsheet T3-5, T3-50, Piping material U5-8
T3-51, Plant space T8-61
T3-52, T3-53, T3-55, T6-7 Plastic hinges A3-52
Outside diameter T3-47 Plastic pipe T3-10
Schedules T3-7 Plate T3-77
Section data T3-6 Plot T4-42, U5-36
Size T2-23 Plot colors T2-17
Spreadsheet T3-72, T3-80 Plot functions
Stress analysis T6-67 Highlight command U5-37, U5-45
Stress analysis of FRP piping T6-67 Line drawing U5-37, U5-45
Pipe and hanger support A4-10 Panning, zooming, and rotating U5-36
Pipe modeler U11-3 Range of nodes to plot U5-37, U5-45
Pipe nominal diameter A2-2 Render and wire frame plots U5-37,
Pipe section properties U5-5 U5-44
Pipe Stress Analysis Coordinate Systems Volume plot U5-37, U5-44
T6-126 Plot results U7-17
Pipe supported from vessel A4-10 Plot screen T1-2
Pipenet interface T8-84, T8-85 Plotting
Pipes T2-17 Static output review U3-14
Piping Tutorial U3-9
Codes T3-56 Plotting static results U7-16
Element data T6-40 Point loads U8-5
Input plot utility T4-42 Point loads - load T4-36
Materials T3-9 Pois T4-6
Screen reference T1-2 Poisson effect T6-70
Size specification T2-23 Poisson’s ratio T2-38, T6-84
Spreadsheet T3-55 Poisson’s ratio T2-22, T3-10, T3-62, T4-6,
Spreadsheet data T3-2 T6-72, T6-105
System model T5-51 Polar moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46
Piping codes for earthquakes U8-18 Practical applications T6-81
Piping dimensions U10-14 Predefined
Piping input U3-5 El centro T5-55
Alpha tolerance U5-6 Hanger data T3-37
Ambient temperature U5-6 Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.60 T5-55
Construction element U5-6 Uniform building code T5-55
Densities U5-8 Predefined displacements A3-6
Expansion joints U5-7 Preparing the drawing A8-3
Input spreadsheet U5-2 Pressure T3-9
Insulation density U5-9 Hoop stress T6-105
Material name U5-8 Peaks T5-83
Material number U5-8 Pulses A7-21, T5-82, T5-83
Nominal pipe size U5-5 Rating T3-77
Rigid elements U5-6 Stiffening T2-3, T6-96, T6-100
Sif & tees U5-7 Stress multiplier T3-19
Specific gravity U5-8 Thrust A5-2, T6-8
Stress intensification factors U5-7 Wave A7-28

Pressure stiffening T2-3, U12-6
Pressure thrust U5-10 Quality assurance T10-11
Pressure thrust, Bellows A5-3 Quick start U3-2
Pressure vs. elevation table U6-9
Pressure wave U8-12 R
Pressure-balanced tees and elbows A5-31
Pricing factors T7-3 Radius T3-12
Primary membrane stress T6-43 Random T5-3
Primary stress index T3-19 Random profile T5-3
Print alphas and pipe properties T3-86 Range T3-107, T5-22
Print forces on rigids and expansion joints Command T3-108
T3-85 Option T3-108
PRINT MOTION U9-18 Range command U5-37, U5-45
Printer/listing files T9-10, T9-11 Ratio of gas-specific heats gas constant
Printing an input listing T3-102 T5-87
Printing or saving reports to a file U9-13 Ratio shear modulus T2-22
Proctor number U11-12 Rayleigh damping T5-68
Produced Results Data U6-22 RCC-M subsection c and d T6-112
Product demos U2-16 Reciprocating pumps U8-12
Product information U2-19 Recommended load cases U6-26
Program improvements 1-10 Recommended load cases for hanger
Program support 1-5 selection U6-26
Technical support phone numbers 1-5 Recommended procedures U11-13
Training 1-5 Reduced intersection T2-11, T6-90
Program support / user assistance T1-2 Reduced intersection calculations T6-90
Program support/user assistance 1-5 Reducers A6-2
PRO-ISO example transfer T8-56 References T6-41, T6-50, T6-88
PRO-ISO interface T8-53 Refractory lined pipe T3-7
PRO-ISO interface (standard) T8-53 Reinforcing pad T3-18, T3-42
PRO-ISO/CAESAR II data transfer T8-58 Relief
Prompted Auto-Save T2-28 Exit piping T5-92
Prompted Autosave T2-28 Valve T5-6, T5-92
Proof stress T3-57, T3-61 Valve loads A7-7
Providing wind data U6-9 Valve thrust load analysis T5-85
Pseudostatic Valves A7-10
Combination method T5-76 Relief load
Displacement T5-56 Analysis T5-85
Hydrodynamic loading T6-32 Synthesis T5-85
Responses T5-76 Relief load synthesis U8-20
Publication dates T3-56 Relief load synthesis for gases greater than
Pulsation T5-4 15 psig T5-85
Pulsation loads T5-82 Relief load synthesis for liquids T5-91
Pulse table generator T5-23 Relief load synthesizer U8-28
Pulse table/DLF spectrum generation Relief loads (spectrum) U8-20
U8-21, U8-28 Relief loads spectrum
Pulse table/dlf spectrum generator T5-57 Force sets for relief loads
Pump discharge loads A9-2 Earthquakes U8-24
Pvar T3-64 Relief valves U8-24
Q Skewed load U8-25

Water hammer U8-24 Restraint
Relief load synthesis Auxiliary field T3-25
Dynamic load factor U8-20 Loads T5-82
Force spectrum methodology Report A7-17, A8-37
U8-20 Settlement A3-28
Relief valve U8-20 Type T3-25
Thrust loads U8-20 Restraint and guide, Single-directional
Spectrum definitions A3-27
DLF spectrum generator U8-23 Restraint auxiliary data U10-21
Spectrum data U8-23 Restraint between two pipes A3-32
Spectrum load cases Restraint between two pipes (use of
Impulse U8-26 CNodes) A3-32
Time history U8-26 Restraint between vessel and pipe models
Relief valve U8-2, U8-20, U8-24, U8-28 A3-33
Relief valve example problem setup A7-10 Restraint summary U7-7
Relief valve loading - output discussion Restraint, Single-dimensional A3-26
A7-14 Restraint, Single-directional A3-19
Relief valve or rupture disk T5-92 Restraint, Skewed double-acting A3-29
Relief valve thrust load analysis T5-85 Restraint, Skewed single-directional A3-31
Remaining strength of corroded pipelines, Restraint/force/stress reports A7-30
B31g U12-28 Restraints A3-1, T3-24, T3-106, U5-11,
Remove password T2-29 U7-6, U9-5
Render U5-37, U5-44 Restraints on a bend at 30 and 60 degrees
Replace T4-3 A3-35
Report Restraints on a bend at 45 degrees A3-34
Displacement A7-16, A7-30 Restraints submenu U7-18
Equipment A9-10 Restraints, Rotational directional A3-25
Force A7-30 Results A7-45
Mass Participation A7-14, A7-30 Re-use last eigensolution T5-71
Restraint A7-30 Review existing units file T2-30
Stress A7-30 Reynolds number T6-35
Report options U7-6 Right Hand Rule T6-124
Report types U9-5 Rigid T6-49
Reset plot T3-105 Body motion A7-80
Resetting element strong axis - angle, orient Element application T6-2
T4-23 Elements T3-15, T3-85
Re-setting loads on existing spring hangers Fluid weight T6-2
T3-38 Insulation weight T6-2
Residual response T6-49 Material weight T6-2
Resize members U12-43 Modes T5-63
Response spectra profiles T5-17, T5-38 Rod T3-33
Response spectrum T5-22, T5-53 Support displacement criteria T3-32,
Response spectrum method U8-2 T3-83
Response spectrum table U8-14 Y restraints T3-37
Response vs. frequency spectra U8-2 Rigid elements U5-6
Restrained weight T3-37, T6-9, U6-26 Rigid weight U5-10
Restrained weight case T6-9 Rigids/bends T2-17
Restrained weight run A4-13 Rod increment T2-4

Rod increment (degrees) T2-4 Zone coefficient T6-24
Rod tolerance T2-4 Seismic analysis U8-2
Rod tolerance (degrees) T2-4 Selection of phase angles U8-34
Rotate T3-100 Serial number U2-5
Rotating U5-36 Set/change password T2-29
Rotating equipment U8-2, U8-12 Setting
Rotating equipment report updates T10-8 Defaults T4-10
Rotation rod T3-26 Nodes in space T4-10, T4-11
Rotation rods (basic model), Large A3-42 Setting up the spring load cases T6-10
Rotation rods (chain supports), Large A3-44 Setup option T3-100
Rotation rods (constant effort hangers), Sh T3-58
Large A3-46 Sh fields T3-58
Rotation rods (spring hangers), Large A3-45 Shape T4-41
Rotation rods (struts), Large A3-47 Shape factor, wind U6-9
Rotation rods, large A3-42 Shear modulus of elasticity T3-10, T3-89,
Rotational directional restraints with gaps T4-7
A3-25 Shft option disabled T3-104, T3-105
Rotational option T3-86 Shft option enabled T3-105
Rotations T3-105 Shock definition U8-14
Run control data spreadsheet T3-34 Shock displacement T5-60
Rupture disk T5-92 Shock load case T5-56
Rupture disk opening T5-92 Shock results U8-5
Rx (cosx, cosy, cosz) or rx (vecx, vecy, Shock spectra A7-58, U8-2
vecz) T3-26 Short range springs T3-33
Rx, ry, or rz T3-26 Should caesar ii size the vent stack (y/n)
T5-88
S Sidesway U12-42
Sidesway, AISC U12-42
Sample input U10-9 SIF T2-7, T3-10, T6-91
Sc T3-56 Curves T6-109
Scalar U6-24 Factor T6-104
Schneider T2-10, T2-12 SIF at bend T2-9
Scratch T9-16 SIFs & tees T3-17, U5-7
Screens U5-9 SIFs and stresses T2-7
SE isometric view T3-106 SignMax U6-25
Sea spectrum T6-29 SignMin U6-25
Seam-welded T3-7, T3-14 Simple “bottomed-out” spring A4-23
Secid T4-8, T4-17, T4-19 Simple bellows A5-2
Section ID T4-8 Simple bellows with pressure thrust A5-2
Section identification - secid T4-8 Simple hanger design A4-3
Section modulus calculations T3-14 Single
Segment information T8-14 Directional restraint T3-33
Segments A7-74, A7-75 Element insert T3-66
Seismic Gimbal expansion joint T3-79
Anchor movements T5-56 Hinged expansion joint T3-78
Loads T5-53 Unrestrained expansion joint T3-78
Spectrum analysis T5-53 Single and double flanged bends A2-4
Zone T6-25 Single and double flanged bends or

stiffened bends A2-4 Spectrum T2-3, U8-35
Single-directional restraint with predefined Spectrum analysis T5-53, T5-68, U8-2
displacement A3-26 Spectrum data U8-14, U8-23
Single-directional restraints A3-19 Spectrum definitions U8-23, U8-28
Singular stiffness matrix A7-80 Spectrum load cases U8-16, U8-25, U8-28,
Sinusoidal forms T5-49 U9-3
Skewed double-acting restraint A3-29 Spectrum name U8-14
Skewed load U8-25 Spectrum results U9-3
Skewed single-directional restraint A3-31 Spectrum/time history force sets T5-38
Slip Joint A5-31 Spectrum/time history profile T5-25
Slip joint A5-23 Speed of sound A7-21
Slipon T3-77 Spreadsheet overview U5-2
Slotted hinge joint A5-20, A5-21 Spring
Slotted hinge joint (comprehensive) A5-21 Design requirements T6-9
Slotted hinge joint (simple) A5-20 Forces T3-77
Slug flow T5-6 Rate T3-38, T6-10
Specifying the load Tables T3-28
Force sets, slug flow U8-28 Spring can characteristics A4-16
Force-time profile U8-28 Spring can models A4-15
Load cases, slug flow U8-28 Spring can models with “bottom-out” and
Relief load synthesizer U8-28 “liftoff” capability A4-15
Relief valve U8-28 Spring cans w/ friction, Modeling A4-24
Water hammer U8-28 Spring cans with friction A4-24
Slug flow analysis U8-2 Spring hanger design U6-27
Snubbers T5-45, U8-10 Spring hanger model with rods A4-19
Snubbers Active U6-23 Spring hanger model with rods, bottom-out,
Snubbers, static A3-51 and lift-off A4-19
Software revision procedures 1-6 Spring hangers T3-38
Soil factor T6-23 Spring hangers, Existing A4-7
Soil model U11-10 Spring hangers, Existing (no design) A4-7
Soil model numbers U11-10 Spring Rate field A4-9
Soil properties U11-2 Spring, Bottomed-out A4-23
Soil stiffnesses U11-2 Square root of the sum of the squares
Soil supports U11-10 T5-72, T5-75
Sorted stresses U7-10 SRSS U6-24
South African 1992 database T4-60 Srss U8-18
Spatial Standard airy wave theory T6-33
Combination method T5-71, T5-72 Standard structural element connections -
Components T5-71 beams, braces, columns T4-28
Spatial or modal combination first T5-71 Start node T5-12, T5-15, T5-26, T5-43
Special element information U5-6 Start run U6-2
Special execution parameters T3-51, T3-85, Start, CAESAR II U3-2
T6-2, U5-32 Starting CAESAR II U3-2
Specific gravity T3-11, U5-8 Starting frequency T5-8
Specifying hydrodynamic parameters U6-11 Stat T4-45
Specifying loads, dynamics U8-5 Static
Specifying the loads U8-9, U8-11, U8-14, Analysis fatigue example T6-53
U8-20, U8-28, U8-29 Earthquake loads T6-23

Load T6-49 U8-28, U8-31, U9-3
Load case T5-61 Stif T3-27
Load case builder T6-26 Stiffness T3-27
Load case for nonlinear restraint status Stiffness characteristics A4-15
T5-61 Stiffness factor for friction T5-62
Output processor T5-82 Stiffness matrix T5-49, U6-12
Seismic loads T6-23 Stiffness model, Modifying U8-13, U8-19,
Superposition T6-19 U8-26, U8-28, U8-31
Thermal criteria T5-82 Stokes 5th order wave theory T6-30, T6-33
Static analysis A8-26 Stokes wave theory implementation T6-33
Analyze command U3-13 Stoomwezen T6-112
Static analysis output listing A8-34 Stop node T5-12, T5-15, T5-44
Static friction coefficient T3-27 Straight pipe T3-19
Static load case number U8-18 Strain continuity T6-69
Static load cases Strain equilibrium T6-69
Building static load cases U6-8 Stream function T6-34
Limitations of the load case editor Stream function wave theory T6-30, T6-34
U6-7 Stress T2-18, U6-23
Recommended load cases U6-7 Calculation T3-62, T6-97
Static output plot U10-23 Cycles T3-59
Static output processor Intensification factors T3-13, T3-20,
132 column reports U7-5 T3-21, T3-22, T6-86
Animation of static solution U7-4, Intensity T6-43
U7-5 Stress > level 1 T2-18
Commands in static output U7-4 Stress > level 2 T2-18
Initiating the static output processor Stress > level 3 T2-19
U7-2 Stress > level 4 T2-19
Output options in plotted results Stress > level 5 T2-19
U7-16 Stress category U6-16
Plotting statics U7-5 Stress concentration factor U12-7
Report options U7-2 Stress concentrations and intensifications
Report titles U7-2 U12-7
Show command U7-17 Stress increase factor
Table of contents U7-15 AISC U12-41
View-reports U7-4 Stress increase factor, Allowable U12-41
Static output review U3-14 Stress intensification factor scratchpad
Plotting static output U3-14 T10-9
Static results A8-29, U8-5 Stress intensification factors U5-7, U9-7
Static snubbers A3-51 Stress intensification factors (details) T3-20
Static solution methodology U6-12 Stress intensification factors/tees U5-18
Archive U6-14 Stress level 1 T2-18
Incore solution Stress level 2 T2-18
Bandwidth U6-13 Stress level 3 T2-18
Nonlinear restraints U6-14 Stress level 4 T2-18
Static analysis Stress level 5 T2-18
Stiffness matrix U6-12 Stress reduction factors cmy and cmz
Static/dynamic combinations U8-18, U12-42
U8-26, Stress reduction factors, aisc U12-42

Stress report A7-17, U9-7 Initiating structural steel input U10-3
Stress stiffening due to pressure T3-88 Help functions U10-3
Stress submenu U7-20 Keywords in structural steel input
Stress types U3-12, U6-7, U6-8, U6-17, U10-4
U6-18,U8-17 Running structural steel input U10-7
Stresses T6-69, U7-9, U9-7 Static output plot U10-23
Stresses in the fiber-matrix interface T6-71 Range command U10-24
Stresses, Allowable U5-15 Structure T2-17
Stress-strain relationships T6-72 Structure dimensions U10-15
Strong axis moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46 Structure nodes U10-15
Structural Sturm sequence T5-77, T5-78
Classification options T6-27 Sturm sequence check U8-33
Database T2-23 Subsonic velocity gas T5-91
Databases T4-46 Subsonic velocity gas conditions T5-91
Element keywords T4-2 Subsonic vent exit T5-91
Elements T4-40 Subsonic vent exit limit T5-91
Steel modeler T1-2, T4-42 Subspace size T5-79
Steel plot T4-42 Suction nozzle A9-7
Structural analysis A7-47 Supply header T5-92
Structural capability in CAESAR II U10-2 Supply header pipe wall thickness T5-93
Structural code U12-41 Supply overpressure T5-92
Structural code, AISC U12-41 Support A1-2
Structural files, Include U5-35 Support / user assistance A1-2
Structural input files A7-39 Sustained
Structural preprocessor A7-47 Allowable T6-95, T6-105, T6-106
Structural steel A7-39 Analysis T6-18
Structural steel checks - AISC U12-40 Stress T3-62, T6-19, T6-96
Structural steel example U10-9, U10-13, Stress limit T3-61
U10-25 Sustained load case A7-86
Structural steel input U10-2 Sustained load cases U6-26
AISC database, structural steel input Sustained stresses A8-27, U8-2, U8-18
U10-5 Sustained stresses and non linear restraints
Connecting pipe to structure U10-20 T6-19
Connecting nodes U10-20 Sustained sustained load cases U3-11
Displaced shape U10-22 Swedish code T6-111
Editing structural steel input U10-4 Swedish method 1 and 2 T6-111
End connections,structural steel input Sy T3-60
U10-7 Sy data field T3-57
Format of structural steel input U10-3 System
Include in piping job U10-7 Damping T5-68
Include a structural model U10-7 Directory name T2-24
Kaux-include structural files System and hardware requirements U2-3
U10-7 System directory name T2-24
Index numbers, structural steel input System overview A8-2
U10-5 System redesign A9-25
Initiate structural steel input System requirements U2-3
Structural element preprocessor System response U8-9, U9-11
U10-2
T

Tied bellows expansion joint (simple
Tangent intersection point A7-66, T3-13 model) A5-6
Tank node number T3-45 Tied single expansion joint T3-78
Tapered transitions T3-19 Tied universal expansion joint T3-79
Task bar U2-8 Time T5-24, T5-58
Technical discussion of liqt int erface T8-79 History T5-57
Technical notes on caesar ii hydrodynamic History analysis T5-6, T5-57, T5-59,
loading T6-34 T5-68
Technical reference manual 1-4 History animation T2-27
Technical support A1-2 History load profiles T5-17
Technical support phone numbers 1-5 History loads T8-80, T8-85
Tee T6-91 Step T5-67
Tees, pressure-balanced A5-31 Time history U8-26, U8-29, U8-35
Temperature T2-38, T3-8 Force-time profiles U8-29
De-rating factor T6-105 Vibration U8-29
Differential multiplier T6-86 Time history analysis U8-3
Ten percent method T5-73 Time history load case U9-3
Term 1-2 Time history load cases T5-25, U8-16,
Theoretical cold load T3-38, T6-10 U8-31
Thermal Time history profile data point T5-22
Bowing T2-15 Time history profile definitions U8-29
Bowing delta temperature T3-87 Time history profiles T5-17
Expansion coefficient T2-4, T2-22, Time history results U9-3
T3-8, T3-61, T3-62, T3-89 Time history time step T5-67
Expansion/pipe weight report T6-2 Time vs. force U8-29
Shakedown T6-4 Title U5-29
Thermal load case U6-26 Title page T3-80
Thermal strains U5-6 TO T4-13
Thermal support movement A4-11 To node number T3-3
Thermodynamic entropy T5-91 Toolbar buttons T1-2
Thermosetting plastic material T6-67 Tools
Thicknesses, diameter, length, material Accounting T7-3
number T3-107 Material database T2-35
Thrust T3-16, T5-85 Multiple job analysis T7-8
Thrust at the end of the exit piping T5-93 Tools menu U4-8
Thrust at the end of the manifold piping Topographic factor parameters T6-27
T5-94 Torsion T6-92
Thrust at the vent pipe exit T5-90 Torsional
Thrust at valve pipe/vent pipe interface Moment T6-76
T5-89 Stiffness T6-7
Thrust loads U8-20 Stresses T6-90
Tie bar A5-4, A5-15 Torsional R T4-9
Tie rod model, Comprehensive A5-17 Torsional spring rates T3-76
Tied T3-78 Training 1-5
Tied bellows (simple vs. complex model) Transforming from Global to Local T6-140
A5-4 Transient
Tied bellows expansion joint A5-6, A5-8 Load T5-53
Tied bellows expansion joint (complex Load cases T5-60
model) A5-8

Pressure T5-90 Overburden compaction multi-
Transient pressure rise on valve closing plier U11-12
T5-90, T5-94 Backfill U11-12
Transient pressure rise on valve opening Backfill efficiency U11-12
T5-90, T5-94 Proctor number U11-12
Translational Soil model numbers U11-10
Option T3-86 Spreadsheet
Restraint T3-27 Buried element descriptions
Stiffness T3-75 U11-3
Translations T3-105 Underground pipe modeler U11-2
Transverse stiffness T6-7 Buried pipe restraints U11-3
Trapeze A4-8 Soil properties U11-2
Trapeze hanger assembly A4-8 Soil stiffnesses U11-2
Trunnion U12-6, U12-7 Zones U11-5
T-univ T3-79 Lateral bearing regions
Turbine trip A7-20 U11-5
Tutorial A8-1, A9-1 Underlying theory T6-67
Center of gravity report, tutorial U3-11
Undo/Redo in the Input Module U5-2
Plotting, tutorial U3-9 Uniform
Sample model input, tutorial U3-6 Building code T5-18, T5-69
Tutorial, Generating input A8-5 Load T4-38
Type T3-12, T3-25 Loads-UNIF T4-37
Type field T3-12 Support excitation T5-55
Uniform load in g’s T3-88
U Uniform loads T3-51, U5-13
Uniform loads - unif T4-37
UBC T5-18 Units
UK 1993 database T4-63 Conversion Data T8-76
UKOOA T3-10, T6-118 File name T2-24
UKOOA specification and recommended File operations T2-30
practice T6-67, T6-75 Specification - UNIT T4-4
Ultimate tensile strength T3-61 Units conversion data T8-75
Umbrella fitting T5-87 Units file name T2-24
Unbalanced pressure force T5-5, T5-83 Units file operations T2-30
Underground pipe modeler U11-2, U11-3 Units specification - unit T4-4
Underground pipe/buried pipe Universal expansion joints A5-10
Bilinear supports U11-10 Universal expansion joints (simple models)
Bilinear springs U11-10 A5-10
Soil supports U11-10 Universal joint (comprehensive tie rod
Ultimate load U11-10 model) A5-16
Yield displacement U11-10 Universal joint with lateral control stops
Yield stiffness U11-10 A5-17
Convert input command U11-9 Universal joint with lateral control stops
Element length U11-4 (comprehensive tie rod model) A5-17
Buried pipe displacements U11-4 Unskew T3-100
Lateral bearing length U11-4 Unsupported axial length U12-46
Meshing Lateral bearing meshes Unsupported length (in-plane bending)
U11-7 U12-46

Unsupported length (out-of-plane bending) Node T3-40
U12-46 Node number T3-42, T3-47
Untied T3-78 Temperature T3-43, T3-48
Untied universal expansion joint T3-79 Type T3-47
Update history T1-2 Wall thickness T3-42, T3-47
Updates and license types 1-9 Vessel attachment stresses/WRC 107
Usage factor U9-8 Input data, WRC 107 U12-10
User assistance Nozzel loads, WRC 107
Technical support phone numbers 1-5 Curve Extrapolation U12-13
Training 1-5 Interactive Control U12-13
User ID T2-27 Nozzle data, WRC 107 U12-12
User-defined T4-9 Nozzle loads, WRC 107 U12-13
User-defined SIFs anywhere in the piping Reinforcing pad U12-9
system T3-20 Stress summations, WRC 107
User-defined spectra T5-55 Analyze-stress summation U12-14
Using Local Coordinates T6-133 Bending stress U12-14
Utilities T4-42 Membrane stress U12-14
U-univ T3-79 Vessel centerline direction cosines T3-48
Ux,uy,uz T4-38 Vessel centerline direction vector x, y, z
T3-42
V Vessel data U12-11
Vessel reinforcing pad thickness T3-42,
Valve U5-28 T3-47
/Flange database T2-24 Vessel, Pipe and hanger supported from
Orifice gas T5-91 A4-10
Pipe/vent pipe interface T5-89 Vibration U8-2, U8-29
Valve orifice gas conditions T5-91 Vibrations T5-51
Valve/flange database T3-67 View/edit file T2-32
Valves and flanges T2-24 Views T3-106
Velocity vector T5-49, T5-58 Volume plot U5-37, U5-44
Velocity vs. elevation table U6-9 Volume plotting T3-106
Vent Von Mises theory T2-8
Pipe exit T5-90 Vortex shedding T6-28
Pipe exit gas T5-91
Stack T5-88 W
Vent pipe exit gas conditions T5-91
Version 4.20 Changes and Enhancements Wall thickness T2-6
(2/00) T10-28 Wall thickness/schedule field T3-6
Version 4.30 Changes and Enhancements Warning dialog U6-4
(3/01) T10-29 Water hammer A7-21, U8-24
Version and job title information T8-61 Specifying the load
Vertical dummy leg on bends A3-36 Force sets, slug flow U8-28
Vertical in-line pumps U12-63 Force-time profile U8-28
Vertical leg attachment angle A3-39 Load cases, slug flow U8-28
Vessel Relief load synthesizer U8-28
Diameter T3-42, T3-47 Relief valve U8-28
Material number T3-43, T3-48 Slug problems U8-28
Water hammer analysis U8-2

Water hammer loading - output discussion Wt/sch T3-6
A7-30
Water hammer loads A7-28 X
Water hammer/slug flow (spectrum) U8-28
Wave X (cosx, cosy, cosz) or x (vecx, vecy, vecz)
Data T6-39 T3-26
Spreading T6-29 X , y, or z T3-25
Theories T6-31, T6-32 Xrod (cosx, cosy, cosz) or xrod (vecx, vecy,
Weak axis moment of inertia T4-9, T4-46 vecz) T3-26
Website U2-18 Xrod, yrod, zrod T3-26
Weight analysis T3-37
Weld ID T3-19, T6-90 Y
Weld joint efficiency T6-96
Welded T3-77 Yield
Welding Research Council Bulletin 297 Criteria theory T2-8
U12-16 Strength T4-7
Widely spaced mitered bend A2-10 Stress T2-8, T2-38, T3-57, T6-96,
Wind T6-100
Effects T5-3 Yield displacement U11-10
Exposure options T6-27 Yield force A3-52
Force T6-26 Yield stiffness U11-10
Load T3-7 Young’s modulus U12-42, U12-46
Loads T4-40, T6-26 Young’s modulus of elasticity T4-6
Pressure T6-26 Ys T4-7
Shape factor T3-53, T4-40, T6-26
Speed T6-26 Z
Wind data
ASCE #7 wind loads U6-10 Z-Axis Vertical T2-15, T3-90, T4-4
Methods of wind loading U6-9 Zero
Pressure vs. elevation table U6-9 Period acceleration T5-55
Shape factor U6-9 -Weight rigids T6-2
Velocity vs. elevation table U6-9 Zero length expansion joint A5-18, A5-20,
Wind/wave U5-14 A5-25
Wind/wave loads T3-52 Zero weight A5-20
Windows A3-22 Zero-length expansion joints T3-16
Windows server installation U2-20 Zone definitions U11-5
Wire frame U5-37, U5-44 Zooming T3-105, U5-36
Wn T3-77 ZPA time history output cases T5-68
Woven roving construction T6-84, T6-117
WRC 107 A7-82, T2-5, T6-44, T10-8
WRC 107 (vessel stresses) U12-8
WRC 107 stress summations U12-14
WRC 297 A3-8, T6-46, T10-9, U12-16
Nozzle flexibility U12-18
Nozzle screen U12-17
WRC 329 T2-10, T2-12, T6-13, T6-90
WRC 329/330 T6-90
WRC axes orientation U12-9

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual
The CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual is intended to serve as a publicly available
verification document. This manual discusses (briefly) the current industry QA stan-
dards, the COADE QA standard, a series of benchmark jobs, and instructions for users
implementing QA procedures on their own hardware.
The benchmark jobs consists of comparisons to published data by ASME and the NRC.
Additional test jobs compare CAESAR II results to other industry software programs.
For additional information on the CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual, please

contact the COADE sales department.
Mechanical Engineering News

As an aid to the Users of COADE software products, COADE publishes Mechanical
Engineering News several times a year. This publication contains discussions on recent
developments that affect users, and technical features illustrating modeling techniques
and software applications.
This newsletter is sent to all users of COADE software at the time of publication. Back
issues can be acquired by contacting the COADE sales staff.
Additional COADE Software Programs

CADWorx - An AutoCAD based piping design/drafting program with a bi-directional
data transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to be created
in ortho, iso, 2D, or 3D modes. CADWorx template specifications,
combined with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso, auto dimensioning,
complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials,
provides the most complete piping package to designers.
CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components.

CodeCalc capabilities include: tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges,
nozzles, Zick analysis, and the standard internal/external thickness and
pressure computations on heads, shells, and cones.
PVElite - A comprehensive, GUI based program for the design or analysis of tall
towers and horizontal vessels. Additional modules for nozzles, flanges,
baserings, and WRC107 are provided.
TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. The
program includes API-650 Appedices A, E, F, M, P, and S, as well as API-
653 Appendix B. Computations address: wind girders, conical roof
design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.

•
COADE, Inc.
12777 Jones Rd., Suite 480
Houston, Texas 77070
Phone: (281)890-4566
Fax: (281)890-3301
E-mail: sales@coade.com
WWW: www.coade.com
CAESAR II™
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
V E R S I O N 4.40
( L A S T R E V I S E D 5/2002 )

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The CAESAR II program is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical

Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: techsupport@coade.com

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of CAESAR II

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

System Requirements ................................................................. 1

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

Q-1 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

CAESAR II was designed to operate in 800x600 resolution with “small fonts”.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-2

CADWorx (requies AutoCAD)

List of CAESAR II Piping Codes

ANSI B31.1 (2001) December 10, 2001

Q-3 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

Restraint Type Abbreviation

List of Setup File Directives

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-4

ROD INCREMENT = .2000000E+01 58

Q-5 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-6

MATERIAL ELASTIC POISSON’S PIPE TEMPERATURE

Q-7 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

CAESAR II TYPE B31.3 TYPE NOTES SKETCH

1 Reinforced Reinforced - Used to lower SIFs

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced - Routine Intersection

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee - Usually size-on-size

4 Sweepolet Welded-in - "Sit-in" fitting

5 Weldolet Branch Welded - "Sit-on" fitting

6 Extruded Extruded - Seldom used

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-8

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PD0/4tn code approximation

Slp = PDi2/(D02 - Di2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default

Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE)

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

Sb = [sqrt ( (iiMi)2 + (i0M0)2 )]/Z

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

B1 * Pmax Do + B2 * Ma / Z < 1.5 Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh - Sl(EXP)

Q-9 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < Sh (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < k Sh (OCC)

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)

If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)

If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

Hoop Stress: Sh <= F1 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 Sy (OPE, SUS, OCC)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 5/2002 Q-10

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < Sh (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < k Sh (OCC)

sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

sqrt (Sb2 + 4 St2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Se = sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

sqrt ( Sb2 + 4 St2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

fb = (d + t)pm/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 + (moFTO)2]

EXP SA = min[(HSproof ambient + HSproof design), (H*Sproof ambient + F)]