TRIBOLOGY-MEE2009

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT 1
JAYASURYA.V
15BME2009
C2+TC2

Question:-In an automobile chassis, identify at least 8 assemblies where

lubrication is used. Photograph them and mention what lubrication regime and
lubricant used in each case. Prepare a brief explanation about each.

➢ SUSPENSION AND STEERING LINKAGE

In a chassis suspension system, the antiroll bar and cross-bar are the major supporting
frames which are connected to the ball joint and shock absorber for the purpose of reducing
vibration and noise. They use a traditional grease product as the primary lubricant. Greases
selected for these chassis applications can vary in composition depending on the functional
demands of the system. Majority of greases include refined mineral base oil combined with
a lithium soap or lithium complex thicker.
 ➢ SHOCK ABSORBER LUBRICATION

Shocker absorber fluid is typically a fluid that provides hydraulic fluid flow resistance inside
the shock absorber assembly, thereby dampening the movement of the shock and attached
suspension components as the wheels of a vehicle travel over uneven surfaces.

➢ PROPELLER SHAFT LUBRICATION (INTERMEDATE SHAFT LUBRICATION)

An propeller shaft assembly connects the output shaft of the gearbox to ring gear of the
differential, allowing for the change in the distance between the front and rear suspension
assemblies due to bumps and potholes. In addition to providing transmission of torque, the
intermediate shaft may also provide noise and vibration isolation, torsional stiffness and
collapsibility.
I-shafts designs can vary substantially depending upon the vehicle dynamics, suspension
design, mating component location and performance targets. The lubricants chosen for I-
shafts vary greatly and includes a general overview of each of the major lubricant areas
within the I-shaft.
The lubricant used for Joints and slip shaft-LB Grade chassis grease
 ➢ BRAKE SYSTEM LUBRICATION

The primary hydraulic actuation fluid contained within a brake system also acts as an
internal lubricant. The fluid provides hydraulic actuation as well as lubrication for the
metallic and polymeric components.
To prevent moisture from collecting and freezing in cold weather or causing rust and
corrosion which can cause brake failure, brake fluid provides good water miscibility.
Most brake fluids are either silicone or glycol chemistry.
Various standards of brake fluid:
SAE J1703 - MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE FLUID
SAE J1704 - BORATE ESTER BASED BRAKE FLUIDS.
SAE J1705 - LOW WATER TOLERANT BRAKE FLUIDS
SAE J1706 - PRODUCTION, HANDLING, AND DISPENSING OF SAE J1703 MOTOR VEHICLE B.F
SAE J1707 – SERVICE MAINTAINENCE OF SAE J1703 BRAKE FLUID
 ➢ STEERING GEAR BOX LUBRICATION
There are generally 2 types of steering system- Rack & Pinion, Tie rod and ball assembly. Grease is
used internally as lubricant in manual style steering boxes-those that don’t have power fluid
running through them. This grease is a moly or lithium-based grease like used in lubricating
the suspension and steering linkage. It is thick enough to cling on to the internal pieces as
they move but soft enough to flow through the box also. The steering box's location near
the exhaust manifold and engine also causes the grease to soften and move freely. A liquid
lubricant would settle to the bottom of the casing and leak out the bottom seal.
Heat from the exhaust manifold and engine ill soften it on cold days and yet the grease stays
and thick enough not to liquify and seep out of the bottom seal. A good moly or lithium-
based chassis grease is recommended as it is easy to find in tubes and install.

➢ CRANK SHAFT LUBRICATION

Whether a crankshaft is of solid construction (top) or of hollow construction (bottom) the

main journals, the connecting rod journals, and the webs of most shafts have drilled
passages for lubricating oil. In the system illustrated in view A, each oil passage is drilled
through from a main bearing journal to a connecting rod journal. The oil passages are in
pairs that crisscross each other in such a way that the two oil holes for each journal are on
opposite sides of the journal. These holes are in axial alignment with the oil grooves of the
bearing shells when the shells are in place. Since the oil groove in a bearing goes at least
halfway around the bearing, a part of the groove will always be aligned with at least one of
the holes.

In the oil passage arrangement shown in view B, the passage is drilled straight through the
diameter of each main and connecting rod journal. A single diagonal passage is drilled from
the outside of a crankshaft web to the centre of the next main journal. The diagonal passage
connects the oil passages in the two adjoining connecting rod journals and main journals.
The outer end of the diagonal passage is plugged.

Lubricating oil under pressure enters the main bearing and is forced through the diagonal
passage to lubricate the connecting rod bearing. From there it flows through the drilled
connecting rod to lubricate the piston pin and cool the piston.

➢ HALF SHAFT ASSEMBLIES

Half shafts are exposed to extremely high loads and contact stress as vehicle loading
capacity increases half shaft must keep the pace.
The lubricant used is moderate EP performance of grease.
 ➢ DIFFERENTIAL LUBRICATION SYSTEM

The differential is a component in all automobiles designed to compensate for the difference
in distance that the inner wheels and outer wheels travel as the car goes around a corner.
As we drive down the road, the gear oil splashes about lubricating gears, bearings and clutch
packs. The differential oil lubricates the ring and pinion gears that transfer power from the
driveshaft to the wheel axles. If your car is fitted with a limited-slip differential, it also keeps
all the moving parts in that assembly healthy. The purpose of the differential fluid is to cool
and lubricate your differential. Without the oil your differential would overheat due to the
metal-to-metal contact and burn itself out.

➢ BOLTS AND NUTS LUBRICATION

When doing bolt and nut installation, the main concern we will have is to ensure that they
are properly fit and end up lasting long. This can be easily done by lubricating them.
Advantages are that rusts and locking up of nuts in bolts are prevented. They also help in
heat transfer and thus extending life and fastening efficiency. Lubricant such as liquid
wrench M914 silicone spray is used. These mainly contains PTFE and Silicones.
REFERENCES

• https://www.wikipedia.org
• http://www.stangerssite.com/lubrication.html

• Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology: Volume I by Douglas M. Jahn and Simon C.

Tung
• https://books.google.co.in/books?id=24bMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR19&lpg=PR19&dq=Do
uglas+M.+Jahn+and+Simon+C.+Tung&source=bl&ots=wyniw3TzSy&sig=kgGWCi9KQ
UZUb_Ga6EvDllK-
5E8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY0ZfmnKfWAhXMN48KHV6WBzQQ6AEIJTAA#v=on
epage&q=Douglas%20M.%20Jahn%20and%20Simon%20C.%20Tung&f=false
• Automotive mechanics by Crouse and Anglin