7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

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IR
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Sensor Module Circuit (/electronic-circuits/ir-sensor-circuit-
diagram)
By Jayant 1 Comment (/electronic-circuits/ir-sensor-circuit-diagram/#comments)

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Infrared Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

Sensors are very important part of electronics, especially in Robotics (http://circuitdigest.com/robotics-

projects) and Automations. Sensors in electronic devices make our life easy by automatically sense
and control the devices, without human interaction. There are many kinds of sensors like Fire sensor,
humidity sensor, motion sensor, temperature sensor, IR sensor etc. In this article, we will explain about
IR sensor (Infrared sensor), how it works and how to build an IR sensor Module.

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram
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IR sensor is very popular sensor, which is used in many applications in electronics, like it is used in
Remote control system, motion detector, Product counter (http://circuitdigest.com/electronic-
24
circuits/object-counter-circuit-diagram), Line follower Robots (http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-
projects/line-follower-robot-using-arduino), Alarms etc.
18
 

IR
9 sensor basically consist an IR LED and a Photodiode, this pair is generally called IR pair or Photo

coupler. IR sensor work on the principal in which IR LED emits IR radiation and Photodiode sense that
IR radiation. Photodiode resistance changes according to the amount of IR radiation falling on it, hence
the voltage drop across it also changes and by using the voltage comparator (like LM358) we can
sense the voltage change and generate the output accordingly.
 

The placing of IR LED and Photodiode can be done in two ways: Direct and Indirect. In Direct
incidence, IR LED and photodiode are kept in front of one another, so that IR radiation can directly falls
on photodiode. If we place any object between them, then it stops the falling of IR light on photodiode.

And in Indirect Incidence, both the IR LED and Photo diode are placed in parallel (side by side), facing
both in same direction. In that fashion, when a object is kept in front of IR pair, the IR light gets re섘㣤ected
by the object and gets absorbed by photodiode. Note that object shouldn’t be black as it will absorb all
the IR light, instead of re섘㣤ect. Generally IR pair is placed in this fashion in IR sensor Module.

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

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To build an IR module, we mainly need IR pair (IR LED and Photodiode) and LM358
(http://circuitdigest.com/lm358-circuits) with some resistors and a LED.

IR LED
IR LED emits light, in the range of Infrared frequency. IR light is invisible to us as its wavelength (700nm
– 1mm) is much higher than the visible light range. Everything which produce heat, emits infrared like
for example our human body. Infrared have the same properties as visible light, like it can be focused,
re섘㣤ected and polarised like visible light.

IR LED looks like a normal LED and also operates like a normal LED, it consumes 20mA current and
3vots power.  IR LEDs have light emitting angle of approx. 20-60 degree and range of approx. few
centimetres to several feets, it depends upon the type of IR transmitter and the manufacturer. Some
transmitters have the range in kilometres.

PhotoDiode
Photodiode is considered as Light dependent Resistor (LDR), means it has very High resistance in
absence of light and become low when light falls on it. Photodiode is a semiconductor which has a P-N
junction, operated in Reverse Bias, means it start conducting the current in reverse direction when
Light falls on it, and the amount of current 섘㣤ow is proportional to the amount of Light. This property
makes it useful for IR detection.

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

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Photodiode looks like a LED, with a Black colour coating on its outer side. It is used in reversed biased,
as showed in circuit diagram below.
9
 

LM358
LM358 is an operational ampli䄫筃er (Op-Amp) and in this circuit we are using it as a voltage comparator.
The LM358 has two independent voltage comparators inside it, which can be powered by single PIN, so
we can use the single IC to build two IR sensor modules. We have used only one comparator here,
which have inputs at PIN 2 & 3 and output at PIN 1. Voltage comparator has two inputs, one is inverting
input and second is non-inverting input (PIN 2 and 3 in LM358). When voltage at non-inverting input (+)
is higher than the voltage at inverting input (-), then the output of comparator (PIN 1) is High. And if the
voltage of inverting input (-) is Higher than non-inverting end (+), then output is LOW.

IR sensor Module
Components

IR pair (IR LED and Photodiode)

IC LM358
Resistor 100, 10k, 330 ohm
Variable resistor – 10k
LED

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram
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(http://circuitdigest.com/fullimage?i=circuitdiagram/IR-sensor-circuit.gif)

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You can see the connections in the IR sensor circuit diagram. Photo diode is connected in reverse bias,
inverting end of LM358 (PIN 2) is connected to the variable resistor, to adjust the sensitivity of the
sensor. And non-inverting end (PIN 3) is connected to the junction of photodiode and a resistor.

When we turn ON the circuit there is no IR radiation towards photodiode and the Output of the
comparator is LOW. When we take some object (not black) in front of IR pair, then IR emitted by IR LED
is re섘㣤ected by the object and absorbed by the photodiode. Now when re섘㣤ected IR Falls on Photodiode,

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

the voltage across photodiode drops, and the voltage across series resistor R2 increases. When the
voltage at Resistor R2 (which is connected to the non-inverting end of comparator) gets higher than the
voltage at inverting end, then the output becomes HIGH and LED turns ON.

 
75
Voltage
Shares at inverting end, which is also called Threshold Voltage, can be set by rotating the variable
resistor’s knob. Higher the voltage at inverting end (-), less sensitive the sensor and Lower the voltage
at inverting end (-), more sensitive the sensor.
24
 

This
18 whole circuit can be placed on PCB (http://circuitdigest.com/article/how-to-make-a-pcb-at-home)
to build a proper professional IR sensor Module.
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Video: 

DIY IR Sensor Module

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7/12/2016 DIY IR Sensor Module Circuit Diagram

reply (/comment/reply/210/3538)
KATTENS
waow ..this is good information about IR . I have been searching for something like this
Jun 17, 2016
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