Grafik 1

% PO = 40 – 50 % = 10%
𝑐𝑚
Kecepatan kertas = 12
𝑚𝑖𝑛
% PV = 57 – 68 = -11%
 Metode 1
1,7 𝑐𝑚
T1 = 𝑐𝑚 = 0,14 min
12
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝛥 % 𝑃𝑉 −11 %
Kp = = = -1,1
𝛥 % 𝑃𝑂 10 %
𝐾𝑝 −1,1
G1(S) = =
𝑇1(S)+ 1 0,14 𝑆+1

∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,1 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,14 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,14𝑆+1
(0,14 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−11 𝐵
= A + (0,14𝑆+1)𝑠
(0,14 𝑆+1)

A = -11
*mencari B
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,14𝑆+1
(0,14𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,14 S+1
−11 𝐴(0,14 𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−11 −11(0,14×(7,1)+1)
= (7,1)
+B
(7,1)
B = 3,08 + 1.54
= 4,62
−11 4,62
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,14𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−11 4,62
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,14𝑆+1

1 1
= -11 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 4,62 ℒ -1 0,14𝑆+1

= -11 + 4,62x e-0,14t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -11 + 4,62x e-0,14t+ 68

 Metode 2
ΔCS = -11 %
0,632 × ΔCS = 0,632 × -11 %
= -6,952 %
% PV – 6,952 % = 68 % - 6,952 %
= 61,048 %
−6,952 %
× 3,8 cm = 2,406 cm
−11 %
1,3 𝑐𝑚
T2 = 𝑐𝑚 = 0,108 min
12
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐾𝑝 −11
G2(S) = =
𝑇2(S)+ 1 0,108 𝑆+1

∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,1 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,108 𝑆+1 𝑠
*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,108𝑆+1
(0,108 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−11 𝐵
=A+
(0,108 𝑆+1) (0,108𝑆+1)𝑠

A = -11
*mencari B
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,108𝑆+1
(0,108𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,108S+1
−11 𝐴(0,108 𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−11 −11(0,108𝑥9,25+1)
= 9,25
+B
9,25

B = 2,37+ 1,1
= 3,47
−11 3,47
%∆ PV (s) =
𝑠
+
0,108𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−11 3,47
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 0,108𝑆+1

1 1
= -11 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 3,47ℒ -1 0,108𝑆+1

= -11 + 3,47x e-0,108t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -11 + 3,47x e-0,108t + 68

 Metode 3
0,632 × ΔCS = 0,632
× -11 %
= -6,952 %
% PV1 – 6,952 % = 68 % - 6,952 %
= 61,048 %
−6,952 %
× 3,8 cm = 2,406 cm
−11 %
0,283 × ΔCS = 0,283
× -11 %
= -3,113 %
% PV1 – 3,113% = 68% - 3,113 %
= 64,887%
−3,113 %
× 3,8 cm = 1,08 cm
−11 %
𝑐𝑚
t1 = 0,5 cm : 12 = 0,041 min
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑐𝑚
t2 = 1,3 cm : 12 = 0,108 min
𝑚𝑖𝑛
3
t3 = (t2 - t1 )
2
3
= (0,108 – 0,041)
2
= 0,1005 min
𝐾𝑝 −1,1
G3(S) = =
𝑇3(S)+ 1 0,1005 𝑆+1

∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,1 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,1005 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,1005𝑆+1
(0,1005 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−11 𝐵
= A + (0,1005𝑆+1)𝑠
(0,1005 𝑆+1)
A = -11
*mencari B
−11 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 𝑆+1
(0,1005 𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,1005 S+1
−11 𝐴(0,1005 𝑆+1)
= +B
𝑆 𝑆
−11 −11(0,1005𝑥9,95+1)
= 9,95
+B
9,95

B = 2,21 + 1.1
= 3,31
−11 3,31
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,1005𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−11 3,31
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,1005𝑆+1

1 1
= -11 ℒ-1 + 3,31ℒ-1
𝑠 0,1005𝑆+1

= -11 + 3,31x e-0,1005t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -11 + 3,31x e-0,1005t + 68

Grafik 2 (Dengan Tangki)

%PO = 60% − 80% = 20%

Kecepatan kertas = 12 cm/min

PV = 44,2% − 16,2% = 28%

1,3 𝑐𝑚
a. 𝜏1 = 12 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0,108 𝑚𝑖𝑛

∆%𝑃𝑉 −28%
𝐾𝑝 = = = −1,4
∆%𝑃𝑂 20%
𝐾𝑝 −1,4
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,108𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−1,4 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,108 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,108 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,108𝑆+1

xS
−28 𝐵
= A + (0,108𝑆+1)𝑠
(0,108𝑆+1)

A = -28
*mencari B
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,108 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,108𝑆+1

X 0,108 S+1
−28 𝐴(0,108𝑆+1)
= +B
𝑆 𝑆
−28 −28(0,108𝑥9,25+1)
= 9,25
+B
9,25
B = 6,05+3
= 9,05
−28 9,05
%∆ PV (s) =
𝑠
+
0,108𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−28 9,05
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,108𝑆+1

1 1
= -28 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 9,05ℒ-1 0,108𝑆+1

= -28 + 9,05x e-0,108t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -28 + 9,05x e-0,108t + 44,2

b. Metode 2
∆𝐶𝑠 = −28%
0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −28% = −17,696%
%𝑃𝑉 + (−1,7696%) = 44,2% − 17,696% = 26,504%
−17,696%
× 9,5 𝑐𝑚 = 0,6004 𝑐𝑚
−28%
0,2 𝑐𝑚
𝜏2 = = 0,0167 𝑚𝑖𝑛
12 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐾𝑝 −1,4
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,0167𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−1,4 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,0167 𝑆+1 𝑠
*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0167𝑆+1
(0,0167 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−28 𝐵
=A+
(0,0167𝑆+1) (0,0167𝑆+1)𝑠

A = -28
*mencari B
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0167𝑆+1
(0,0167 𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,108 S+1
−28 𝐴(0,0167𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−28 −28(0,0167𝑥59,8+1)
= 59,8
+B
59,8

B = 0,92 +0,46
= 1.38
−28 1,38
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,0167𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−28 1,38
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,0167𝑆+1

1 1
= -28 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 1,38ℒ-1 0,0167𝑆+1

= -28 + ,38x e-0,0167t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

 = -28 + ,38x e-0,0167t + 44,2

c. Metode 3
∆𝐶𝑠 = −28%
 0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −28% = −17,696%
−17,696%
× 9,5 𝑐𝑚 = 0,6004 𝑐𝑚
−28%
 0,283 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,283 × −28% = −7,924%
−7,924%
× 9,5 𝑐𝑚 = 2,6885 𝑐𝑚
−28%

1,2 𝑐𝑚
𝑡1 = = 0,1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
12 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛

0,4 𝑐𝑚
𝑡2 = = 0,03 𝑚𝑖𝑛
12 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
3 3
𝜏3 = (𝑡2 − 𝑡1) = (0,03 − 0,1) = 0,105
2 2
𝐾𝑝 −1,4
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,105𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−1,4 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,105 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,105𝑆+1
(0,105 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−28 𝐵
= A + (0,105𝑆+1)𝑠
(0,105𝑆+1)

A = -28
*mencari B
−28 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,105𝑆+1
(0,105 𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,105 S+1
−28 𝐴(0,105𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−28 −28(0,105𝑥9,5+1)
= 9,5
+B
9,5

B = 5,98 +2,94
= 8,82
−28 2,28
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,105𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−28 8,82
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,105𝑆+1

1 1
= -28 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 8,82-1 0,105𝑆+1

= -28 + 8,82 e-0,105t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -28 + 8,82 e-0,105t + 44,2

Grafik 3 (Dengan Tangki)

%PO = 40% − 50% = 10%

Kecepatan kertas = 30 cm/min

PV = 55,5% − 68,2% = −12,7%

0,2 𝑐𝑚
a. 𝜏1 = 30𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0,006 𝑚𝑖𝑛
 ∆%𝑃𝑉 −12,7%
𝐾𝑝 = = = −1,27
∆%𝑃𝑂 10%
𝐾𝑝 −1,4
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,006𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,27 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,006 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,006 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,006𝑆+1

xS
−12,7 𝐵
=A+
(0,006𝑆+1) (0,006+1)𝑠

A = -12,7
*mencari B
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,006 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,006𝑆+1

X 0,006 S+1
−12,7 𝐴(0,006𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−12,7 −12,7(0,006𝑥166,6+1)
= +B
166,6 166,6

B = 0,15 +0,076
= 0,226
−12,7 0,226
%∆ PV (s) =
𝑠
+
0,006𝑆+1
*INVERSE
−12,7 0,226
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 0,006𝑆+1

1 1
= -12,7 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 0,226 ℒ -1 0,006𝑆+1

= -12,7 + 0,226 e-0,006t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -12,7 + 0,226 e-0,006t + 68,2

b. Metode 2
∆𝐶𝑠 = −12,7%
0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −12,7% = −8%
%𝑃𝑉 + (−8%) = 55,5% − 8% = 47,5%
−8%
× 3 𝑐𝑚 = 1,88 𝑐𝑚
−12,7%
0,1 𝑐𝑚
𝜏2 = = 0,003 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐾𝑝 −1,4
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,003𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,27 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,003 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,003𝑆+1
(0,003 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
 −12,7 𝐵
= A + (0,003+1)𝑠
(0,003𝑆+1)

A = -12,7
*mencari B
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,003 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,003𝑆+1

X 0,003 S+1
−12,7 𝐴(0,003𝑆+1)
= +B
𝑆 𝑆
−12,7 −12,7(0,003𝑥333,3+1)
= +B
333,3 333,3

B = 0,007 +0,038
= 0,045
−12,7 0,045
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,003𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−12,7 0,045
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,003𝑆+1

1 1
= -12,7 ℒ-1 + 0,045 ℒ -1
𝑠 0,003𝑆+1

= -12,7 + 0,045 e-0,003t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -12,7 + 0,045 e-0,003t + 68,2

c. Metode 3
∆𝐶𝑠 = −28%
  0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −12,7% = −8%
−8%
× 3 𝑐𝑚 = 1,88 𝑐𝑚
−12,7%
 0,283 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,283 × −12,7% = −3,5941%
−3,5941%
× 3 𝑐𝑚 = 0,849 𝑐𝑚
−12,7%

0,1 𝑐𝑚
𝑡1 = = 0,003 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛

0,05 𝑐𝑚
𝑡2 = = 0,0016 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
3 3
𝜏3 = (𝑡2 − 𝑡1) = (0,0016 − 0,003) = 0,0029
2 2
𝐾𝑝 −1,27
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,0029𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 40 – 50 % = 10%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 10
10
= 𝑠

−1,27 10
%∆ PV (s) =
0,0029 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0029𝑆+1
(0,0029 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−12,7 𝐵
= A + (0,0029+1)𝑠
(0,0029𝑆+1)

A = -12,7
*mencari B
−12,7 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0029𝑆+1
(0,0029 𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,0029 S+1
−12,7 𝐴(0,0029𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−12,7 −12,7(0,0029𝑥344,8+1)
= 344,8
+B
344,8

B = 0,0736 +0,036
= 0,1096
−12,7 0,1096
%∆ PV (s) =
𝑠
+
0,0029𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−12,7 0,1096
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 0,0029𝑆+1

1 1
= -12,7 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 0,1096 ℒ -1 0,0029𝑆+1

= -12,7 + 0,1096 e-0,0029t

%∆ PV (T) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -12,7 + 0,1096 e-0,0029t + 68,2

Grafik 4 (Tanpa Tangki)

%PO = 60% − 80% = 20%

Kecepatan kertas = 30 cm/min

PV =15,8% − 43,4% = −27,6%

0,3 𝑐𝑚
a. 𝜏1 = 30𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0,01 𝑚𝑖𝑛

∆%𝑃𝑉 −27,6%
𝐾𝑝 = = = −1,38
∆%𝑃𝑂 20%
𝐾𝑝 −1,38
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,01𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
=
𝑠

−1,38 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,01 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,01𝑆+1
(0,01 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−27,6 𝐵
= A + (0,01𝑠+1)𝑠
(0,01𝑆+1)

A = -27,6
*mencari B
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,01𝑆+1
(0,01 𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,01 S+1
−27,6 𝐴(0,01𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−27,6 −27,6(0,01𝑥100+1)
= +B
100 100

B = 0,552 +0,276
= 0,828
−27,6 0,828
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,01𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−27,6 0,828
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 0,01𝑆+1
 1 1
= -27,6 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 0,828 ℒ -1 0,01𝑆+1

= -27,6 + 0,828 e-0,01t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -27,6 + 0,828 e-0,01t+ 15,8

b. Metode 2
∆𝐶𝑠 = −27,6%
0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −27,6% = −17,44%
%𝑃𝑉 + (−17,44%) = 43,4% − 17,44% = 25,96%
−17,44%
× 9,6 𝑐𝑚 = 6,06 𝑐𝑚
−27,6%
0,2 𝑐𝑚
𝜏2 = = 0,0066 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐾𝑝 −1,38
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,0066𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
=
𝑠

−1,38 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,0066 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(0,0066 𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 0,0066𝑆+1

xS
−27,6 𝐵
=A+
(0,0066𝑆+1) (0,0066𝑠+1)𝑠

A = -27,6
*mencari B
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0066𝑆+1
(0,0066𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,0066 S+1
−27,6 𝐴(0,0066𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−27,6 −27,8(0,0066𝑥151,5+1)
= 151,5
+B
151,5

B = 0,364 +0,182
= 0,546
−27,6 0,546
%∆ PV (s) =
𝑠
+
0,0066𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−27,6 0,546
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 0,0066𝑆+1

1 1
= -27,6 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 0,546 ℒ -1 0,0066𝑆+1

= -27,6 + 0,546 e-0,0066t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -27,6 + 0,546 e-0,0066t+ 15,8

c. Metode 3
∆𝐶𝑠 = −28%
 0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −27,6% = −17,44%
−17,44%
× 9,6 𝑐𝑚 = 6,06 𝑐𝑚
−27,6%
 0,283 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,283 × −27,6% = −7,811%
−7,811%
× 9,6 𝑐𝑚 = 2,71 𝑐𝑚
−27,6%
 0,1 𝑐𝑚
𝑡1 = = 0,003 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛

0,02 𝑐𝑚
𝑡2 = = 0,006 𝑚𝑖𝑛
30 𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
3 3
𝜏3 = (𝑡2 − 𝑡1) = (0,006 − 0,003) = 0,0045
2 2
𝐾𝑝 −1,38
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 0,0045𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 60% − 80% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−1,38 20
%∆ PV (s) =
0,0045 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0045𝑆+1
(0,0045 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−27,6 𝐵
= A + (0,0045𝑠+1)𝑠
(0,0045𝑆+1)

A = -27,6
*mencari B
−27,6 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 0,0045𝑆+1
(0,0045𝑆+1)𝑆

X 0,0045 S+1
−27,6 𝐴(0,0045𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−27,6 −27,6(0,0045𝑥222,2+1)
= 222,2
+B
222,2
B = 0,248 +0,124
= 0,372
−27,6 0,372
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 0,0045𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−27,6 0,372
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 + ℒ-1
𝑠 0,0045𝑆+1

1 1
= -27,6 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 0,372 ℒ -1 0,0045𝑆+1

= -27,6 + 0,372 e-0,0045t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -27,6 + 0,372 e-0,0045t+ 15,8

Grafik level

%PO = 50% − 30% = 20%

PV = 24% − 28,9% = 4,9%

14,9 𝑐𝑚
a. 𝜏1 = 15,8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 × 1200 = 1131 𝑠 = 18,85𝑠

∆%𝑃𝑉 −4,9%
𝐾𝑝 = = = −0,245
∆%𝑃𝑂 20%
𝐾𝑝 −0,245
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 18,85𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 50% − 30% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−0,245 20
%∆ PV (s) =
18,85 𝑆+1 𝑠
*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 18,85𝑆+1
(18,85 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−0,245 𝐵
= A + (18,85𝑠+1)𝑠
(18,85𝑆+1)

A = -0,245
*mencari B
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= +
(18,85𝑆+1)𝑆 𝑠 018,85𝑆+1

X 18,85 S+1
−0,245 𝐴(18,85𝑆+1)
= 𝑆
+B
𝑆
−0,245 −0,245(18,85𝑥0,053+1)
= 0,053
+B
0,053

B = 9,24 +4,62
= 12,86
−0,245 12,86
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 18,85𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−0,245 12,86
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 18,85𝑆+1

1 1
= -0,245 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 12,86 ℒ -1 18,85𝑆+1

= -0,245+ 12,86 e-18,85t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -0,245+ 12,86 e-18,85t + 24

 b. Metode 2
∆𝐶𝑠 = −4,9%
0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −4,9% = −3,0968%
%𝑃𝑉 + (−3,0968%) = 24% − 3,0968% = 20,9032%
−3,0968%
× 10,5 𝑐𝑚 = 6,636 𝑐𝑚
−4,9%
11,2 𝑐𝑚
𝜏2 = × 1200 = 850,6 𝑠 = 14,1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
15,8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝐾𝑝 −0,245
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 14,1𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 50% − 30% = 20%

∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−0,245 20
%∆ PV (s) =
14,1 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 14,1𝑆+1
(14,1 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−0,245 𝐵
= A + (14,1𝑠+1)𝑠
(14,1𝑆+1)

A = -0,245
*mencari B
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 14,1𝑆+1
(14,1𝑆+1)𝑆

X 14,1S+1
−0,245 𝐴(14,1𝑆+1)
= +B
𝑆 𝑆
−0,245 −0,245(14,1𝑥0,07+1)
= 0,07
+B
0,07

B = 7 + 3,5
 = 10,5
−0,245 10,5
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 14,1𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−0,245 10,5
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 14,1𝑆+1

1 1
= -0,245 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 10,5 ℒ -1 14,1𝑆+1

= -0,245+ 10,5 e-14,1t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -0,245+ 10,5 e-14,1t + 24

c. Metode 3
∆𝐶𝑠 = −28%
 0,632 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,632 × −4,9% = −3,0968%
−3,0968%
× 10,5 𝑐𝑚 = 6,636 𝑐𝑚
−4,9%
 0,283 × ∆𝐶𝑠 = 0,283 × −4,9% = −1,387%
−1,387%
× 10,5 𝑐𝑚 = 2,9715 𝑐𝑚
−4,9%

1,5 𝑐𝑚
𝑡1 = × 1200 = 113,9 𝑠 = 1,89 𝑚𝑖𝑛
15,8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠

11,2 𝑐𝑚
𝑡2 = × 1200 = 850,6 𝑠 = 14,1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
15,8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
3 3
𝜏3 = (𝑡2 − 𝑡1) = (14,1 − 1,89) = 18,315
2 2
𝐾𝑝 −0,245
𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝜏𝑠 + 1 18,315𝑠 + 1
∆%PO (t) = 50% − 30% = 20%
∆%PO (s) = ℒ ∆%PO (t)

= ℒ 20
20
= 𝑠

−0,245 20
%∆ PV (s) =
18,315 𝑆+1 𝑠

*parsial fraksi
*mencari A
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 18,315𝑆+1
(18,315 𝑆+1)𝑆

xS
−0,245 𝐵
= A + (18,315𝑠+1)𝑠
(18,315𝑆+1)

A = -0,245
*mencari B
−0,245 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑠 + 18,315𝑆+1
(18,315𝑆+1)𝑆

X 18,315S+1
−0,245 𝐴(18,315𝑆+1)
= +B
𝑆 𝑆

−0,245(18,315×
−0,245 (−0,05)+1)
= +𝐵
−0,05 −0,05

B = 4,487

−0,245 4,487
%∆ PV (s) = 𝑠
+ 18,315𝑆+1

*INVERSE
−0,245 4,487
%∆ PV (T) = ℒ-1 𝑠
+ ℒ-1 18,315𝑆+1
 1 1
= -0,245 ℒ-1 𝑠 + 4,487 ℒ -1 18,315𝑆+1

= -0,245+ 4,487 e-18,315t

%∆ PV (t) = %PV 1 + %PV 2

%PV 2 =%∆ PV (T) + %PV 1

= -0,245+ 4,487 e-18,315t + 24